MCQ Questions – Page 107

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science Unit 3 New Centers of Power

February 10, 2023February 9, 2023 by Prasanna

New Centers of Power Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers

Question 1.

European Union is a major alternate political and economic power centre in the unipolar world led by US. Consider the following statements about origin of EU. Which of the following is/are not correct?

(i) European integration after 1947 was aided by the Cold War.
(ii) Under the Marshall Plan, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was established in 1948 to channel aid to the east European states.
(iii) The Council of Europe was established in 1948, which was another step forward in political cooperation.
(iv) All of the above
(A) (i) only
(B) (ii) and (iii) only
(C) (i) and (iii) only
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above

Question 2.

Consider the following statements comparing US and European Union and choose the correct one/s.

(i) The EU is the world’s biggest economy with a GDP slightly larger than that of the United States.
(ii) EU’s share of world trade is three times larger that of United States.
(iii) Militarily, the EU’s combined armed forces are the largest in the world with US in the second position.
(iv) All of the above
(A) (i) and (ii) only
(B) (ii) and (iii) only
(C) (i) and (iii) only
(D) None of these
Answer:
(D) None of these

Question 3.

The Council of Europe was established in:

(A) 1949
(B) 1959
(C) 1969
(D) 1979 B
Answer:
(A) 1949

Explanation:
The Council of Europe is an international organization founded in the wake of World War 11 to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe. lounded in 1949, it has 47 member states.

Question 4.

Consider the following statement about ASEAN and choose the incorrect one/s.

(i) ASEAN Community comprises of three pillars, namely, the ASEAN Military Community, the ASEAN Economic Community and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community.
(ii) The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which was established in 1994, is the organisation that carries out coordination of security and foreign policy.
(A) (i) only
(B) (ii) only
(C) Both (i) and (ii)
(D) Neither (i) nor (ii)
Answer:
(A) (i) only

Explanation:
The ASEAN Community 2015 is a community of opportunities under three community pillars: Political- Security Community, Economic Community, and Socio-Cultural Community.

Question 5.

SAARC is a major regional initiative by the :

(A) South Asian states
(B) American states
(C) Economic organisation
(D) Military organisation
Answer:
(A) South Asian states

Explanation:
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization of eight countries in South Asia. It was established in 1985 when the 1 leads of Stale of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka formally adopted the charter.

Question 6.

Which one of the following statements related to the Indo- China war (1962) is correct?

(A) China could not cross the line of control.
(B) The Soviet Union remained neutral during the conflict.
(C) The Soviet Union helped China against India.
(D) The Chinese forces did not withdraw their troops back to earlier position.
Answer:
(B) The Soviet Union remained neutral during the conflict.

Question 7.

Indo- Russian relations strengthened after the signing of Treaty of Peace and Friendship in:

(A) 1951
(B) 1961
(C) 1971
(D) 1981
Answer:
(C) 1971

Explanation:
The Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Co-operation between the USSR and India concluded in August 1971 has become an important factor in strengthening international peace, security and co-operation.

Question 8.

The key to growing India -Israel ties are:

(A) defence
(B) religion
(C) trade
(D) politics
Answer:
(A) defence

Explanation:
India has signed a secretive $200 million deal for assorted Israeli materiel, similar to innumerable defence-related procurements it has previously sourced from Tel Aviv following the establishment of formal bilateral diplomatic relations between the two countries in earlv 1992.

Question 9.

Relationship between India and Russia are rooted in mutual:

(A) suspense
(B) cooperation
(C) hatred
(D) competition
Answer:
(B) cooperation

Explanation:
Russia and India both term this relationship as a “Special and Privileged strategic partnership”. Iraditionallv, the Indo- Russian strategic partnership has been built on five major components: politics, defence, civil nuclear energy, anti-terrorism cooperation and space.

Question 10.

India and China were the great powers in Asia before the advent of:

(A) Western imperialism
(B) Eastern imperialism
(C) Southern explorers
(D) Northern wanderer
Answer:
(A) Western imperialism

Question 11.

Rajiv Gandhi’s visit to China in took place in December:

(A) 1966
(B) 1977
(C) 1988
(D) 1999
Answer:
(C) 1988

Explanation:
The five-day visit of Rajiv Gandhi in December 1988 was one of the biggest events in the history of Asian relations in a quarter of a centurv.

Question 12.

China and India were involved in a border conflict in:

(A) 1962
(B) 1972
(C) 1982
(D) 1992
Answer:
(A) 1962

Explanation:
China and India disputed over | Himalayan border which was the main cause of the Sino Indian War in 1962.

Question 13.

What was “Marshall Plan”?

(A) to revive European economy
(B) to provide Europe with military assistance
(C) to unite Europe and US
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(A) to revive European economy

Explanation:
America extended massive financial help for reviving Europe’s economv under’Marshall Plan’.

Question 14.

When OEEC was established?

(A) 1947
(B) 1949
(C) 1948
(D) 1950
Answer:
(C) 1948

Question 15.

Which two members of Europe hold the permanent seats on the UN Security Council?

(A) Sweden, France
(B) Germany, Italy
(C) Lithuania, Netherlands
(D) Britain and France
Answer:
(D) Britain and France

Question 16.

What is the currency of European Union?

(A) Pound
(B) Dollar
(C) Euro
(D) Ruble
Answer:
(C) Euro

Explanation: The Euro is the official currency for 19 of the 27 EU member countries,

Question 17.

Which declaration was signed with AESAN came into existence?

(A) Singapore Treaty
(B) Bangkok Declaration
(C) AESAN Declaration
(D) Warsaw Pact
Answer:
(B) Bangkok Declaration

Question 18.

Where was the SAARC established?

(A) Delhi
(B) Kathmandu
(C) Lahore
(D) Dhaka
Answer:
(D) Dhaka

Question 19.

Which one of the following is not the member of SAARC?

(A) Afghanistan
(B) Bangladesh
(C) US
(D) Bhutan
Answer:
(C) US

Question 20.

Where and when was BRIC founded?

(A) 2005, Russia
(B) 2006, Russia
(C) 2006, India
(D) 2007, Russia
Answer:
(B) 2006, Russia

Question 21.

Why BRIC turned into BRICS?

(A) South Africa was included later
(B) Somalia was included later
(C) “S” stands for South Asian Alliance
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) South Africa was included later

Explanation:
BRICS started in 2001 as BRIC, a acronym coined by Goldman Sachs for Brazil, Russia, India, and China. South Africa was added in 2010.

Question 22.

When did Jawahar Lai Nehru visit Russia?

(A) June 1960
(B) July 1955
(C) August 1955
(D) May 1950
Answer:
(B) July 1955

Question 23.

During which Five Year Plan, Soviet Union helped India in setting up industries?

(A) Second
(B) Fifth
(C) First
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) Second

Explanation:
During India’s second Five Year Plan, of the sixteen heavy industry projects set up, eight were initiated with the help of the Soviet Union. This included the establishment of the world famous Bombay.

Question 24.

Which of the following is one of the founding members of SAARC?

(A) Bangladesh
(B) Japan
(C) Russia
(D) US
Answer:
(A) Bangladesh

Explanation:
The member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The SAARC was founded by seven states in 1985.

Question 25.

India and Israel established full diplomatic relations in …………..

(A) 1990
(B) 1993
(C) 1998
(D) 1992
Answer:
(D) 1992

Explanation:
India and Israel established full diplomatic relations in 1992 and since then the bilateral relationship between the two countries has blossomed at the economic, military, agricultural and political levels.

Question 26.

When did China takeover Tibet?

(A) 1951
(B) 1950
(C) 1949
(D) 1956
Answer:
(B) 1950

Question 27.

What were the areas of dispute between India and China in 1962 conflict?

(A) Jammu and Kashmir
(B) Western Kashmir
(C) West Bengal
(D) Arunachal Pradesh and in the Aksai Chin region of Ladakh
Answer:
(D) Arunachal Pradesh and in the Aksai Chin region of Ladakh

Explanation:
China and India were involved in a border conflict in 1962 over competing territorial claims principally in Arunachal Pradesh and in the Aksai Chin region of Ladakh.

Question 28

Since 1962, until when the relations of both the countries (India and China) downgraded?

(A) 1976
(B) 1988
(C) 1990
(D) 2021
Answer:
(A) 1976

Explanation:
The conflict of I%2, in which I India suffered military reverses, had long-term implications for India-China relations. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were downgraded until N76. Thereafter, relations between the two countries began to improve slowly.

Question 29

What is the contribution of India in the growth of trade since 1999?

(A) 50%
(B) 20%
(C) 10%
(D) 30%
Answer:
(D) 30%

Assertion And Reason Based Mcqs

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Assertion and Reason Based MCQs

Question 1.

Assertion: OEEC became a forum where the western European states began to cooperate on trade and economic issues.
Reason: The US also created a new collective security structure under NATO.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
The OEEC negotiated a multilateral agreement on intra-European payments. That was followed, in 1949, by a trade liberalization scheme. While NATO’s essential and enduring purpose is to safeguard the freedom and security of all its members by political and military meAnswer:

Question 2.

Assertion: The EU has started to act more as a dictator state.
Reason: It also has some form of a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with other nations.

Answer:
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation:
EuropeanUnion isaninternational organization consisting of European countries, which was formed in 1993. It came into force after the signing of the Maastricht Treaty by 28 countries. The Maastricht Treaty is also known as the Treaty of the European Union (TEU). It never acts as a dictator, rather it facilitates and promotes peace and the well-being of F.U citizens.

Question 3.

Assertion: With some of the fastest growing economies in the world, ASEAN broadened its objectives beyond the economic and social spheres.
Reason: In 2003, ASEAN moved along the path of the EU by agreeing to establish an ASEAN Community comprising three pillars, namely, the ASEAN Security Community, the ASEAN Economic Community and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of iaw in the relationship among g countries.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Exptanation:
The ASEAN Declaration states that the aims and purposes of the Assodation are: (I) to accelerate economic growth. soaal progress and cultural development in the region and (ii) to promote regional peace and

Question 4.

Assertion: AESAN was develop to pose a military and economic threat to EU.
Reason: The objectives of ASEAN were primarily to accelerate economic growth and through that ‘economic and cultural development’.

Answer:
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was formed in 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand to accelerate economic growth and through that ‘social progress and cultural development’.

Question 5.

Assertion: The ASEAN security community was based on the conviction that outstanding territorial disputes should not escalate into armed confrontation.
Reason: By 2003, ASEAN had several agreements in place by which member states promised to uphold peace, neutrality, cooperation, non-interference, and respect for national differences and sovereign rights.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
In 2003, ASEAN moved along the path of the by agreeing to establish an f ASEAN Community comprising three pillars, namely, the ASEAN Security Community, the ASEAN Economic Community and the ASEAN J Socio-Cultural Community.

Question 6.

Assertion: ASEAN’s economy is larger than that of the EU and the US.
Reason: ASEAN was and still remains principally an economic association.

Answer:
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation:
The ASEAN region as a whole is a much smaller economy compared to the US, the EU, and Japan, its economy is owing much faster than all these.

Question 7.

Assertion: China had considerable influence and control on the periphery of its borders based on its unique tributary system.
Reason: At different times in China’s long history of dynastic rule, Mongolia, Korea, parts of Indo-China, and Tibet accepted China’s authority.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
China often claims that the countries on its vicinity belong to them. The reason behind this claim is the history of China’s dynastic rule over the parts of these areas.

Question 8.

Assertion: The conflict of 1962, in which India suffered military reverses, had long-term implications for India-China relations.
Reason: After India regained its independence from Britain, and China expelled the foreign powers, there was hope that both would come together to shape the future of the developing world and of Asia particularly.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
There was an expectation from the both sides that India – China relations would improve, and it worked for some time. But, soon China’s ambitions grew and her eyes were on the areas of Ladakh. As a result, both the countries entered in direct war in 1962. Since then, j there is no remarkable improvement in their relations.

Question 9.

Assertion: China’s policy became more friendly and ideological towards India after 1962.
Reason: Since 1962, India and China’s relations deteriorated beyond expectations.

Answer:
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation:
Ever since 1962 war, China never initiated any concrete steps to improve its relations with India. Both the countries entered into tensions regarding the issue over their borders. China keeps on claiming the territories of Ladakh.

Case-Based MCQs

I. Study the cartoon carefully and give the answers to the question that follows:

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science Unit 3 New Centers of Power - 1

Question 1.

Which organization walks on a tight rope in the above picture?

(A) AESAN
(B) SAARC
(C) UN
(D) NATO
Answer:
(A) AESAN

Explanation:
AESAN is an intergovernmental organization of ten Southeast Asian countries: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Question 2.

Why is it difficult to maintain balance in the contemporary world?

(A) Amid the ego and clashes between the powerful nation it becomes difficult to maintain balance.
(B) Amid the cooperation among the nation it becomes difficult to maintain balance.
(C) Because weaker nations don’t know how to deal with international issue.
(D) Because of the increasing economic differences it becomes difficult to maintain balance.
Answer:
(A) Amid the ego and clashes between the powerful nation it becomes difficult to maintain balance.

Question 3.

Write any one challenge this organization is facing?

(A) less and weaker members
(B) too many members that it cannot accommodate
(C) lack of a custodian that can keep the association going
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(C) lack of a custodian that can keep the association going

Explanation:
Unlike the European Union, ASEAN has no custodian responsible for keeping this 10-nation bloc going. The association lacks strong institutions to ensure the success of the implementation of its collective decisions.

Question 4.

Name the countries that are causing instability to the above organization and why?

(A) India and Pakistan, as both are the enemy nations
(B) China and USA, both the countries are not enjoying good relations with each other
(C) France and China, as they don’t want to see the members of this organization become powerful
(D) Sri Lanka and India, as both are having rivalry to succeed as the leader of Asia
Answer:
(B) China and USA, both the countries are not enjoying good relations with each other

II. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
Under the Marshall Plan, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was established in 1948 to channel aid to the west European states. It became a forum where the western European states began to cooperate on trade and economic issues. The Council of Europe, established in 1949, was another step forward in political cooperation. The process of economic integration of European capitalist countries proceeded step by step (see Time-line of European Integration) leading to the formation of the European Economic Community in 1957.

This process acquired a political dimension with the creation of the European Parliament. The collapse of the Soviet bloc put Europe on a fast track and resulted in the establishment of the European Union in 1992. The foundation was thus laid for a common foreign and security policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs, and the creation of a single currency. The European Union has evolved over time from an economic union to an increasingly political one. The EU has started to act more as a nation state.

While the attempts to have a Constitution for the EU have failed, it has its own flag, anthem, founding date, and currency. The EU has economic, political and diplomatic, and military influence. The EU is the world’s second biggest economy with a GDP of more than $17 trillion in 2016, next to that of the United States of America. Its currency, the euro, can pose a threat to the dominance of the US dollar. Its share of world trade is much larger than that of the United States allowing it to be more assertive in trade disputes with the US and China. Its economic power gives it influence over its closest neighbours as well as in Asia and Africa.

Question 1.

The OEEC was established in:

(A) 1949
(B) 1947
(C) 1948
(D) 1946
Answer:
(C) 1948

Explanation:
The Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OELC) came into being on 16 April 1948. The organisation was created to allocate and distribute Marshall Plan aid and to plan for and effect a European Recovery Programme (ERP) for the countries of Western Europe.

Question 2.

After OEEC, what was another sLep forward to achieve political cooperation in Europe?

(A) Marshall plan
(B) The Council of Europe
(C) Formation of EU
(D) All the above
Answer:
(B) The Council of Europe

Question 3.

When was European Union formed?

(A) 1992
(B) 1990
(C) 1991
(D) 1993
Answer:
(A) 1992

Explanation:
The European Union is set up with the aim of ending the frequent and bloody wars between neighbours, which culminated in the Second World War. As of 1950, the European Coal and Steel Community begins to unite European countries economically and politically in order to secure lasting peace. It was formed in the vear 1992.

Question 4.

What was the GDP of European Union in 2016?

(A) $17.5 trillion
(B) $18 trillion
(C) $17.3 trillion
(D) $17 trillion
Answer:
(D) $17 trillion

III. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
ASEAN was established in 1967 by five countries of this region – Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand -by signing the Bangkok Declaration. The objectives of ASEAN were primarily to accelerate economic growth and through that ‘social progress and cultural development’.

A secondary objective was to promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations Charter. Over the years, Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Lao PDR, Myanmar (Burma) and Cambodia joined ASEAN taking its strength to ten. With some of the fastest growing economies in the world, ASEAN broadened its objectives beyond the economic and social spheres.

In 2003, ASEAN moved along the path of the EU by agreeing to establish an ASEAN Community comprising three pillars, namely, the ASEAN Security Community, the ASEAN Economic Community and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community. The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), which was established in 1994, is the organisation that carries out coordination of security and foreign policy.

Question 1.

In 1967, when AESAN was established, which countries were its members?

(A) Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei
(B) Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand
(C) Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei and Vietnam
(D) Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines
Answer:
(A) Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei

Explanation:
ASEAN was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok bv Ihe five original member countries: Indonesia, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei.

Question 2.

What was the objective of ASEAN?

(A) To achieve political and military stability
(B) To achieve economic development and flexibility in trade
(C) To accelerate economic growth and through that ‘social progress and cultural development’.
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) To accelerate economic growth and through that ‘social progress and cultural development’.

Explanation:
ASEAN, was to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development and to promote peace and security in Southeast Asia.

Question 3.

When did ASEAN start moving along the path of EU?

(A) in 2004
(B) in 2003
(C) in 2007
(D) in 2000
Answer:
(B) in 2003

Explanation:
In 2003, ASEAN moved along the path of the European Union by agreeing to establish an ASEAN community comprising three pillars.

Question 4.

When the ARF was established?

(A) 1990
(B) 1991
(C) 1995
(D) 1994
Answer:
(D) 1994

Explanation:
ASEAN Regional Forum was established in 1994. The main objectives of ARE was to accelerate economic growth and through that achieve social progress and cultural development.

IV. Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
On 1 April, 1950, India became the first non-socialist bloc country to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China. Prime Minister Nehru visited China in October 1954. While, the India-China border conflict in 1962 was a serious setback to ties, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi’s landmark visit in 1988 began a phase of improvement in bilateral relations.

In 1993, the signing of an Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquillity along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) on the India-China Border Areas during Prime Minister Narasimha Rao’s visit reflected the growing stability and substance in bilateral ties.

Cumulative outcomes of the recent high level visits have been transformational for our ties. During Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s visit in 2003, India and China signed a Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation and also mutually decided to appoint Special Representatives (SRs) to explore the framework of a boundary settlement from the political perspective.

During the April 2005 visit of Premier Wen Jiabao, the two sides established a Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Prosperity, while the signing of an agreement on Political Parameters and Guiding Principles, signalled the successful conclusion of the first phase of SR Talks.

Question 1.

When did India and China establish their diplomatic relations?

(A) 1944
(B) 1948
(C) 1950
(D) 1952
Answer:
Option (C) is correct.

Explanation:
On April 1, 1950, China and India established diplomatic relations. India was the first non-socialist country to establish relations with the People’s Republic of China. “Hindi Chini Bhai Rhai” has become a catchphrasc from that time and a much-told storv in the history of bilateral exchanges.

Question 2.

Whose visit in 1988 began a phase of improvement in bilateral relations?

(A) PM Rajiv Gandhi
(B) PM Narsimha Rao
(C) PM Nehru
(D) PM Atal Bihari Vajpeyi
Answer:
(A) PM Rajiv Gandhi

Question 3.

When did India and China sign a Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation?

(A) 2002
(B) 2000
(C) 1999
(D) 2003
Answer:
(D) 2003

Question 4.

Who visited India in 2005 for the first phase of SR Talks?

(A) Premier Wen Jiabao
(B) Premier Li Keqiang
(C) Both the above
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) Premier Wen Jiabao

Explanation:
During the April 2005 visit of Premier Wen Jiabao, the two sides established a Strategic and Cooperative Partnership for Peace and Prosperity, while the signing of an agreement on Political Parameters and Guiding Principles, signalled the successful conclusion of the first phase of SR Talks.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science with Answers

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science Unit 2 The End Of Bipolariiy

February 10, 2023February 9, 2023 by Prasanna

The End Of Bipolariiy Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers

Question 1.

Which one of the following statements about the Berlin wall is false? (Delhi, 2016)

(A) It symbolised the division between the capitalist and the communist world.
(B) It was built during the Second World War.
(C) It was broken by the people on 9 November 1989.
(D) It marked the unification of the two parts of Germany.
Answer:
(B) It was built during the Second World War.

Explanation:
Berlin was built on 13th August 1961 whereas Second World War came to an end in 1945.

Question 2.

The Socialist Movement was inspired by the ideas of:

(A) Democracy
(B) Socialism
(C) Communalism
(D) Dictatorship
Answer:
(B) Socialism

Explanation:
Socialism is a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.

Question 3.

Which among the following statements wrongly describes the nature of the Soviet economy?

(A) Socialism was the dominant ideology.
(B) State ownership/control existed over the factors of production.
(C) People enjoyed economic freedom.
(D) Every aspect of the economy was planned and controlled by the state.
Answer:
(C) People enjoyed economic freedom.

Explanation:
The economy of the Soviet Union was based on state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, and industrial manufacturing. The highly centralized Soviet- type economic planning was managed by the administrative-command system.

Question 4.

Which one of the following was NOT a consequence of disintegration of the USSR?

(a) Many new stages emerged
(B) Russia emerged as a new superpower
(C) Power relations in world politics changed
(D) The capitalist system emerged as the winner
Answer:
(B) Russia emerged as a new superpower

Explanation:
The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republic lead to the disintegration of the USSR.

Question 5.

Which one of the following did Gorbachev not promise to reform?

(A) To loosen the administrative system
(B) To catch up with the west
(C) To reform the economy
(D) To maintain strict control over the government
Answer:
(D) To maintain strict control over the government

Explanation:
Gorbachev’s reforms were gradualist and maintained many of the macroeconomic aspects of the command economy (including price controls, inconvertibility of the rouble, exclusion of private property ownership, and the government monopoly over most means of production).

Question 6.

Mikhail Gorbachev was elected as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in:

(a) 1955
(B) 1965
(c) 1975
(D) 1985
Answer:
(D) 1985

Question 7.

Which one of the following was NOT an outcome of ‘Shock Therapy’?

(A) The old system of social welfare got destroyed.
(B) Industries were put up for sale to the private sector.
(C) The value of the Russian currency, the ‘Ruble’ rose dramatically.
(D) Russia started to import food grains.
Answer:
(C) The value of the Russian currency, the ‘Ruble’ rose dramatically.

Explanation:
The value of Ruble, the Russian ‘ currency declined. Inflation rose at a very high rate and it lost all savings of people.

Question 8.

Shock therapy involved a drastic change in the orientation of the economies.

(A) external
(B) internal
(C) international
(D) opposition
Answer:
(A) external

Question 9.

The real GDP of Russia in 1999 was below what it was in:

(A) 1959
(B) 1969
(C) 1979
(D) 1989
Answer:
(D) 1989

Question 10.

The post-Soviet countries underwent a process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to capitalism system.

(A) democratic
(B) authoritative
(C) aristocratic
(D) systematic
Answer:
(A) democratic

Explanation:
Democratic capitalism system is a political and economic system that combines capitalism and strong social policies.

Question 11.

Arab Spring began with

(A) Russian Revolution
(B) Tunisian Revolution
(C) Egyptian Revolution
(D) Syrian Revolution [R]
Answer:
(B) Tunisian Revolution

Explanation:
The Arab Spring was a series £ of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across much of
the Arab world.

Question 12.

First Gulf War was known as

(A) Operation Infinite Reach
(B) Operation Enduring Freedom
(C) Operation Desert Storm
(D) Operation Iraqi Freedom
Answer:
(C) Operation Desert Storm

Explanation:
Operation Desert Storm was the name given to the 42-dav U.S. led air offensive in response to Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait.

Question 13.

Which one of the following statement related to the Iraq invasion by the US is incorrect?

(A) More than forty other countries were involved in this invasion.
(B) The UN had given consent to invade IraQuestion
(C) The invasion was to prevent Iraq from developing weapons of mass destruction.
(D) The US lost over 3000 military personnel in this war.
Answer:
(B) The UN had given consent to invade IraQuestion

Question 14.

witnessed a Civil War that went on for ten years till 2001.

(A) Dagestan
(B) Tajikistan
(C) Chechnya
(D) Moscow
Answer:
(B) Tajikistan

Explanation:
Economic hardship, communal lifestyle of lajiki people and their high religiosity caused the Civil War in Tajikistan.

Question 15.

A system in which the affairs at the international level cannot be dominated by only one superpower but by a group of countries is known as:

(A) unipolar world
(B) capitalise world
(C) multi-polar world
(D) collective world [K]
Answer:
(C) multi-polar world

Explanation:
Multi-polarity is a distribution of power in which more than two nation-states have nearly equal amounts of military, cultural, f and economic influence.

Question 16.

After which event in 1917 Soviet Union came into existence?

(A) French Revolution
(B) First World War
(C) November Revolution
(D) Socialist Revolution
Answer:
(D) Socialist Revolution

Explanation:
The Soviet Union had its roots in the Socialist Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian Provisional Government that had replaced Tsar Nicholas II.

Question 17.

In Soviet system, who used to control the economy?

(A) Businessmen
(B) State
(C) People
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) State

Explanation:
The economy used by the Soviet Union was a command economy which means that the government controlled all aspects of the economy.

Question 18.

What was the nomenclature of the group who followed the USSR?

(A) Communist group
(B) Democratic group
(C) Liberal socialist group
(D) The Second World or The Socialist bloc
Answer:
(D) The Second World or The Socialist bloc

Question 19.

Why Soviet system lost its popularity soon?

(A) It became more democratic
(B) People were fed up of the system
(C) It exploited people
(D) It became very bureaucratic and authoritarian
Answer:
(D) It became very bureaucratic and authoritarian

Explanation: The Soviet System became very bureaucratic and authoritarian making life very difficult for its citizens as there was no freedom of speech. The nation was facing crisis almost in all the spheres.

Question 20.

When was Soviet Union disbanded?

(A) 1989
(B) 1990
(C) 1991
(D) 1992
Answer:
(C) 1991

Explanation:
On December 25,1991, the Soviet hammer and sickle flag lowered for the last time over the Kremlin, thereafter replaced by the Russian tricolour.

Question 21.

What was the final and most immediate cause of the disintegration of the USSR?

(A) Gorbachev’s policies
(B) Western developments
(C) Second World War
(D) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics
Answer:
(D) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics

Explanation:
The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics proved to be the final and most immediate cause of the disintegration of the USSR.

Question 22.

Who became the sole superpower after the disintegration of USSR?

(A) China
(B) Russia
(C) US
(D) Britain
Answer:
(C) US

Explanation:
After the Soviet Union disintegrated in the early 1990s, the term hvper-power began to be applied to the United g States as the sole remaining superpower of the I Cold War era.

Question 23.

What among the following was the result of the disintegration of USSR?

(A) End of Cold War confrontations
(B) End of Second World War
(C) Great economic depression
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above

Question 24.

The model of transition, influenced by the World Bank and the IMF, came to be known as

(A) USSR
(B) Shock Therapy
(C) United Nations
(D) CENTO
Answer:
(B) Shock Therapy

Explanation:
The term ‘Shock Therapy’ meant the transitional model from being a socialist country to a capitalist country influenced bv the World Bank and the IMF.

Question 25.

What type of economy was proposed by Shock therapy?

(A) Communist
(B) Liberal Communist
(C) Socialist
(D) Capitalist
Answer:
(D) Capitalist

Question 26.

How did the Shock Therapy affect the economy?

(A) It flourished the economies.
(B) It devastated the economies.
(C) It had no impact at all on economies.
(D) None of the above.
Answer:
(B) It devastated the economies.

Explanation:
The shock therapy ruined the economies of Russia and east European countries. Since restructuring was carried out by market driven forces and not by the government implement policies, there was a disappearance of almost all industries in the region.

Question 27.

Which currency declined after the implement of Shock therapy?

(A) Ruble
(B) Dollar
(C) Pound
(D) Euro
Answer:
(A) Ruble

Explanation:
Shock Therapy affected trade and commerce of Russia in the manner that the value of Ruble, the Russian’ currency declined.

Question 28.

What was the result of withdrawal of government subsidies?

(A) people had no impact at all
(B) market prices hiked rapidly
(C) people were pushed into poverty
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(C) people were pushed into poverty

Explanation:
The withdrawal of government subsidies pushed large sections of the people into poverty.

Question 29.

How Central Asian economies benefited?

(A) due to oil resources
(B) due to their agricultural activities
(C) due to tourism
(D) due to their hydrocarbon resources
Answer:
(D) due to their hydrocarbon resources

Explanation:
The Central Asian Republics are areas with vast hydrocarbon resources which s have brought them economic benefit.

Question 30.

Which period is described as the period of US dominance?

(A) 1960 onwards
(B) Cold War era
(C) Post-Cold War era
(D) 1980 onwards
Answer:
(C) Post-Cold War era

Explanation:
The era after the end of the Cold War, has been described as the period of LS dominance or a unipolar world.

Question 31.

Which operation is known as “Operation Iraqi Freedom”?

(A) US attack on Iraq in 2003
(B) US attack on Iraq in 1991
(C) US attack on Afghanistan
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) US attack on Iraq in 2003

Assertion and Reason Based MCQs

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Question 1.

Assertion: After the Second World War, the east European countries that the Soviet Army had liberated from the fascist forces came under the control of the USSR.
Reason: The Soviet System, however, became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
USSR emerged as two of the most powerful blocs. Many countries after Second World War adopted Soviet system. Russia was in control of this bloc.

Question 2.

Assertion: The Soviet economy was then more developed than the rest of the world except for the US.
Reason: The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation: Soviet Union’s aspirations were very high. Only two nations rose to superpower after the Second World Wax and Russia was one of them. Russia has frequently tried to demonstrate its power and tried to dominate the world politics.

Question 3.

Assertion: Cold War had a great cost on the economy of the country.
Reason: In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US from time to time.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
Though Soviet Union was giving a tough rivalry to US in Cold War, it had economic consequences. But, Russia was not weaker in any sense than US in the Cold War era.

Question 4.

Assertion: Gorbachev did nothing to save the disintegration of soviet system.
Reason: These developments were accompanied by a rapidly escalating crisis within the USSR that hastened its disintegration.

Answer:
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation:
Gorbachev passed many reforms to revitalize the disintegrating Soviet system. But the bureaucrats never supported the reforms. Moreover, corruption and distrust of the people contributed in the decline of USSR.

Question 5.

Assertion: Reforms were necessary to keep the USSR abreast of the information and technological revolutions taking place in the West.
Reason: Mikhail Gorbachev, who had become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985, sought to reform this system.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
Gorbachev pul his best efforts to save the Soviet system. But, with rowing unrest in its various constituent republics developing into an incessant political and legislative conflict between the republics and the central government brought an end to soviet system.

Question 6.

Assertion: The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralized control.
Reason: A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
The Soviet coup d’etat attempt, also known as the August Coup, was a failed attempt made by Communist leaders of the Soviet Union to take control of the country from Mikhail Gorbachev, who was Soviet President and General Secretary of the parly.

Question 7.

Assertion: Gorbachev’s decision to normalize relations with the West and democratize and reform the Soviet Union had some other effects that neither he nor anyone else intended or anticipated.
Reason: People supported Gorbachev in his every decision he has taken.

Answer:
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:
Soviet economy was under great pressure and burden. W’hat added to the problem was its corrupt governance and unrest among people.

Question 8.

Assertion: The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS.
Reason: The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
In the end, the Russian Federation became the successor state for the Soviet Union, which meant that it took responsibility’ for weapons control and disposal, for outstanding debt, but also for the Soviet seat on the U. Security Council.

Question 9.

Assertion: Shock Therapy was the transitional form from authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe under the influence of the World Bank and IMF.
Reason: The model of transition in Russia, Central Asia and east Europe that was influenced by the World Bank and the IMF came to be known as ‘Shock therapy’.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 10.

Assertion: The Shock Therapy brought success which was not anticipated at all.
Reason: Each of these countries was required to make a total shift to a capitalist economy, which meant rooting out completely any structures evolved during the Soviet period.

Answer:
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Explanation: Shock Therapy affected trade and commerce ol Russia. The value of Ruble, the Russian currency, declined and inflation rose at a very high rale and it lost all savings of people.

Question 11.

Assertion: Development was now envisaged through more trade, and thus a sudden and complete switch to free trade was considered essential. 0
Reason: Shock therapy also involved a drastic change in the external orientation of these economies.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
They needed a change in all the aspects of the post-soviet nations. Hence, Shock Therapy demanded the changes which in turn anticipated a united contribution of the nations.

Question 12.

Assertion: Each state from this bloc was now linked directly to the West and not to each other in the region.
Reason: The transition also involved a breakup of the existing trade alliances among the countries of the Soviet bloc.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
This was the real situation ol the post-soviet countries. On the one hand, there was a new hope, but on the other, a painstaking task to apply the changes which had possibilities of bringing hard times.

Question 13.

Assertion: Most of the former Soviet Republics are prone to conflicts, and many have had civil wars and insurgencies.
Reason: In Russia, two republics, Chechnya and Dagestan, have had violent secessionist movements.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
Alter the disintegration of soviet svslem, manv of the soviet republics witnessed violent secessionist movements. Chechnya and Dagestan were two of them.

Question 14.

Assertion: In Georgia, the demand for independence has come from two provinces, resulting in a Civil War.
Reason: In Central Asia, Tajikistan witnessed a Civil War that went on for ten years till 2001.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
Post cold war era was not free of the uproars. Former soviet republics witnessed violent conflicts over manv issues. Many new countries were born after the disintegration of Soviet Union. But, their inception was not free from bloodshed.

Question 15.

Assertion: The hydrocarbon resources have brought an enormous prosperity to these countries.
Reason: The Central Asian Republics are areas with vast hydrocarbon resources.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
After the Soviet breakup, Central I Asia has gained importance for several States 1 because of its geographical location and abundance of hydrocarbon reserves. These I hydrocarbon reserves are located mainly in I three countries: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan I and Uzbekistan.

Question 16.

Assertion: Central Asian countries were already in control of US.
Reason: Central Asia has also become a zone of competition between outside powers and oil companies.

Answer:
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation: Central Asia is a major focus of competition for the world’s political and economic powers because of its strategic position and rich oil and gas resources.

Case-Based MCQs

1. Read the following cartoon and answer the following questions:
MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science Unit 2 The End Of Bipolariiy - 1

Question 1.

What lead to the dissolution of the Soviet Union?

(A) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty at various places
(B) The world economy sunk
(C) Russia emerged as a super power with capitalist democracy
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty at various places

Question 2.

What event officially marked the end of communism in the Soviet Union?

(A) End of Cuban Missile Crisis
(B) Rise of New World Order
(C) The failed August Coup
(D) Rise in US economy
Answer:
(C) The failed August Coup

Explanation:
Last, in the Soviet Union, the failed August Coup in 1991 led to the end of the Communist party in USSR. All of these events led to the end of communism and the making of a democratic Russia.

Question 3.

How was the collapse of the USSR seen by the West?

(A) As an opportunity to colonise Russia.
(B) A victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism.
(C) As the end of communist dominance.
(D) None of the above.
Answer:
(B) A victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism.

Question 4.

How many countries did the Soviet Union disintegrate?

(A) 15
(B) 14
(C) 13
(D) 18
Answer:
(A) 15

II. Study the cartoon given below and answer the following questions:
MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science Unit 2 The End Of Bipolariiy - 2

Question 1.

Which country is represented by this mighty soldier?

(A) Russia
(B) China
(C) USA
(D) Canada
Answer:
(C) USA

Question 2.

Why have the names of so many countries been written on the uniform of the soldier?

(A) It symbolizes the union of these countries.
(B) It symbolizes the colonization of these countries by USA.
(C) USA has invaded these countries.
(D) None of the above.
Answer:
(C) USA has invaded these countries.

Question 3.

What message does this cartoon give to the international community?

(A) It reminds world about the peace and unity.
(B) It urges the world to fight against terrorism.
(C) It urges the need to have military rule over democratic governments.
(D) It conveys that the US is a superpower and has the might to push its interests into any part of the world.
Answer:
(D) It conveys that the US is a superpower and has the might to push its interests into any part of the world.

Explanation:
This cartoon conveys US hegemony as a hard power, where American military dominance today is both absolute and relative.

Question 4.

Which of the countries listed below was never invaded by USA?

(A) Japan
(B) England
(C) Iraq
(D) Afghanistan
Answer:
(B) England

III. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:

A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners. The people had tasted freedom by then and did not want the old- style rule of the Communist Party. Boris Yeltsin emerged as a national hero in opposing this coup. The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralised control. Power began to shift from the Soviet centre to the republics, especially in the more Europeanised part of the Soviet Union, which saw themselves as sovereign states.

The Central Asian republics did not ask for independence and wanted to remain with the Soviet Federation. In December 1991, under the leadership of Yeltsin, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, three major republics of the USSR, declared that the Soviet Union was disbanded.

The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was banned. Capitalism and democracy were adopted as the bases for the post-Soviet republics. The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones.

The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS. Russia was now accepted as the successor state of the Soviet Union. It inherited the Soviet seat in the UN Security Council. Russia accepted all the international treaties and commitments of the Soviet Union. It took over as the only nuclear state of the post-Soviet space and carried out some nuclear disarmament measures with the US. The old Soviet Union was thus dead and buried.

Question 1.

Who opposed the coup of 1991?

(A) Mikhail Gorbachev
(B) Post-Soviet republics
(C) Communist party
(D) Boris Yeltsin
Answer:
(D) Boris Yeltsin

Explanation:
Boris Yeltsin denounced the coup and asked the world to help maintain the Soviet Union’s movement towards democracy. Within two days the coup collapsed. One of ? (lie largest public demonstrations in Russian history celebrated the failure of the coup in Moscow.

Question 2.

Which were the three major republics of USSR?

(A) Poland, Cuba, Russia
(B) Sweden, Germany, France
(C) Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
(D) Ukraine, Poland, Sweden
Answer;
(C) Russia, Ukraine, Belarus

Explanation:
The Soviet Union was created by the treaty between the Soviet Socialist Republics of Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, and the Trans Caucasian Federation, by which they became its constituent republics.

Question 3.

Which type of government was adopted by the post-soviet countries?

(A) Socialist
(B) Capitalist and Democratic
(C) Communist Democratic
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) Capitalist and Democratic

Question 4.

Which country became the successor state of the Soviet Union?

(A) Belarus
(B) Ukraine
(C) Central Asian Republics
(D) Russia
Answer:
(D) Russia

Explanation:
With the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, the United States considered the Russian Federation as the successor state of the USSR.

IV. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:
The Soviet Union had become stagnant in an administrative and political sense as well. The Communist Party that had ruled the Soviet Union for over 70 years was not accountable to the people. Ordinary people were alienated by slow and stifling administration, rampant corruption, the inability of the system to correct mistakes it had made, the unwillingness to allow more openness in government, and the centralisation of authority in a vast land. Worse still, the party bureaucrats gained more privileges than ordinary citizens.

People did not identify with the system and with the rulers, and the government increasingly lost popular backing. Gorbachev’s reforms promised to deal with these problems. Gorbachev promised to reform the economy, catch up with the West, and loosen the administrative system.

All this might not have led to the collapse of the Soviet Union but for another development that surprised most observers and indeed many insiders. The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Ukraine, Georgia, and others proved to be the final and most immediate cause for the disintegration of the USSR.

Question 1.

How long the communist party have been ruling Soviet Union?

(A) For sixty eight years
(B) For seventy years
(C) For 82 years
(D) For fifty years
Answer:
(B) For seventy years

Question 2.

What led to the collapse of the Soviet System?

(A) Because of its failure in World War Two
(B) Because people did not identify with the system
(C) Because of its extreme bureaucratic nature
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(C) Because of its extreme bureaucratic nature

Explanation:
The Soviet system became so weak and Soviet economy stagnant due to the following reasons:
(i) The Soviet economy used much of its resources in maintaining nuclear and military arsenals.
(ii) Ordinary citizens became more knowledgeable about the economic advancement of the West and backwardness of Soviet system.

Question 3.

Gorbachev promised to…

(A) Back the people in war and international tensions.
(B) Provide employment and pensions to elder citizens.
(C) To defeat west and become the sole super power.
(D) To reform the economy, catch up with the West, and loosen the administrative system.
Answer:
(D) To reform the economy, catch up with the West, and loosen the administrative system.

Explanation:
Gorbachev’s decision to allow elections with a multi-party system and create a presidency for the Soviet Union began a slow process of democratization that eventually destabilized Communist control and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Question 4.

What was the final and most immediate cause for the disintegration of Soviet Union?

(A) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others.
(B) The rise of extremism and the desire for privatization within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others.
(C) The rise of capitalism and the desire for democratic government within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others.
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(A) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others.

V. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:
Economist Jeffrey Sachs is widely associated with shock therapy. He developed a plan of shock therapy for post-communist Poland in 1990, for post-communist Russia in 1992, and several other countries, including Bolivia and Chile. Bolivia, in particular, in 1985, had success as a result of shock therapy in ending a period of hyperinflation.

Poland also initially seemed to benefit from shock therapy as inflation was controlled, but it saw a sharp rise in unemployment that peaked at 16.9%. Sachs did not like the term shock therapy, which he said was coined by the media and made the reform process sound more painful than it was.

In Russia, neo- liberal shock therapy did not produce favourable outcomes. Shock therapy was applied swiftly and on a large scale, as opposed to how it was applied in other nations. Almost all of Russia’s industries were undervalued and sold to private individuals and companies, with most acquired by a few Russian oligarchs.

With limited government intervention, most industries disappeared. The Russian currency declined, causing high inflation and the erosion of most citizens’ savings. Unemployment increased drastically, and government subsidies were removed, further pushing Russian families into poverty.

Question 1.

Who developed the plan of the Shock therapy for the post-communist Poland?

(A) Mikhail Gorbachev
(B) Jeffery Sachs
(C) Both of them
(D) None of them
Answer:
(B) Jeffery Sachs

Explanation:
Jeffrey Sachs is widely associated with shock therapy. He developed a plan of shock therapy for post-communist Poland in 1991). ‘

Question 2.

Which country benefited with the Shock therapy in 1985?

(A) Bolivia
(B) Poland
(C) Ukraine
(D) Russia
Answer:
(A) Bolivia

Explanation:
Bolivia, in particular, in 1985, had success as a result of shock therapv in ending a period of hyperinflation. Poland also initially seemed to benefit from shock therapy as inflation was controlled, but it saw a sharp rise in unemployment that peaked at 16.9%.

Question 3.

What happened in Poland after the initial success of the shock therapy?

(A) Rise in the commodity prices
(B) Economy declines
(C) Rise in the unemployment rate
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(C) Rise in the unemployment rate

Question 4.

What was the aftermath of the shock therapy in Russia?

(A) Rise in the economy and in currency value.
(B) Decline in the unemployment rate and boosting economy.
(C) Improvement in people’s income and life style
(D) Decline in the currency, increasing unemployment, high inflation and decrease in people’s incomes.
Answer:
(D) Decline in the currency, increasing unemployment, high inflation and decrease in people’s incomes.

Explanation:
In Russia, the state-controlled industrial sector lost 90% of its industries. The industries were sold to private individuals and companies.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science with Answers

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science Unit 1 Cold War Era and Non-aligned Movement

February 10, 2023February 9, 2023 by Prasanna

Cold War Era and Non-aligned Movement Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers

Question 1.

The high point of Cold War was …………..

(A) Cuban Missile Crisis
(B) Atomic bomb attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
(C) Establishment of SEATO and CENTO
(D) Establishment of NATO
Answer:
(A) Cuban Missile Crisis

Explanation:
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a dangerous confrontation between the US and S the USSR in which both of them came closest to nuclear conflict.3

Question 2.

The Cold War is referred to the competition, the tensions and a series of confrontations between the:

(A) United States and the Soviet Union
(B) France and Germany
(C) India and Pakistan
(D) America and Africa
Answer:
(A) United States and the Soviet Union

Explanation:
In 1945, Allied Forces defeated the Axis Powers that marked the end of the I Second World War. Both the super powers indulged in Cold War so that they could prove 1 their superiority over the other.

Question 3.

Select the correct option for the Alliance and the organization it was formalized into:

(A) The Eastern Alliance was formalized into UNO.
(B) The Western Alliance was formalized into NATO.
(C) The Central Alliance was formalized into SEATO.
(D) The Neutral Alliance was formalized into Peace keeping forces.
Answer:
(B) The Western Alliance was formalized into NATO.

Explanation:
The Western alliance was formalized into the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), which came into existence in April 1949 to provide security against USSR. It was an association of twelve states which declared that armed attack on any one of them would be regarded as an attack on all of them.

Question 4.

Which set of the countries belonged to the NATO Group?

(A) Poland, Britain, Romania
(B) USA, Czech Republic, France
(C) United Kingdom, France, West Germany
(D) Spain, France, East Germany.
Answer:
(C) United Kingdom, France, West Germany

Explanation:
Twelve countries took part in the founding of NATO: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1952, Greece and Turkey became members of the Alliance, joined later by West Germany (in 1955) and Spain (in 1982).

Question 5.

Which of the following statement is true for the Cold War?

(A) The two superpowers were poised for direct confrontations in India (1950 – 53), Gulf (1958 – 62).
(B) The two superpowers were poised for direct confrontations in Berlin only (1958 – 62).
(C) The two superpowers were poised for direct confrontations in Korea (1950 – 53), Berlin (1958 – 62).
(D) The two superpowers were poised for direct confrontations in Korea only (1950 – 53).
Answer:
(C) The two superpowers were poised for direct confrontations in Korea (1950 – 53), Berlin (1958 – 62).

Explanation:
The Cold War also led to several shooting wars, but it is important to note that these crisis and wars did not lead to another World War. The two superpowers were poised for direct confrontations in Korea (1950 – 53), Berlin (1958 – 62), the Congo (the early 1960s), and in several other places.

Question 6.

Warsaw Pact was created in the:

(A) 1935
(B) 1955
(C) 1945
(D) 1965
Answer:
(C) 1945

Explanation:
The Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO.

Question 7.

Which one of the following statements is ‘not correct’ about the ‘Non-Aligned Movement’?

(A) It suggested to the newly independent countries ways to stay out of alliances.
(B) India’s policy of non-alignment was neither negative nor passive.
(C) The non-aligned posture of India served its interests.
(D) India was praised for signing the treaty of friendship with USSR to strengthen NAM.
Answer:
(D) India was praised for signing the treaty of friendship with USSR to strengthen NAM.

Explanation: The name Non-Alignment was coined by Jawahar Lai Nehru in his 1954 speech in Colombo, Sri Lanka. After independence, India did not want to be part of these blocs led by the USSR or the USA. It chose to follow a non-compliance policy.

Question 8.

Which of the following statements about the NIEO is false?

(A) Give the LDCs control over their natural resources.
(B) Obtain access to western markets.
(C) Reduce the cost of technology from western countries.
(D) Provide the developed countries with a greater role in international economic institutions.
Answer:
(D) Provide the developed countries with a greater role in international economic institutions.

Explanation:
The crucial aim of the NIEO is to promote economic development among lire poor countries through self- help and South- South cooperation. The NIEO intends to deal with the major problems of Iho South, such as balance of payments disequilibrium, debt crisis, exchange scarcity etc.

Question 9.

When did Cuban Missile Crisis occur?

(A) 1967
(B) 1962
(C) 1960
(D) 1970
Answer:
(B) 1962

Explanation:
In 19o2 the Soviet Union began to secretly install missiles in Cuba to launch attacks on U.S. cities. The confrontation that followed, known as the Cuban missile crisis, brought the two superpowers to the brink of war before an agreement was reached to withdraw the missiles.

Question 10.

When did the American become aware of the weapon placed in Cuba by USSR?

(A) On the first day
(B) One week later
(C) Three weeks later
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) Three weeks later

Explanation:
When USSR placed the missiles in Cuba, which was very dosed to the American mainland. Three weeks later an American U-2 spy plane secretly photographed nuclear missile sites being built by the Soviet Union on the island of Cuba.

Question 11.

What were the leaders of USSIt worried about in 1961?

(A) That USA will attack China
(B) That USA will be the most powerful nation
(C) That USA will develop more nuclear weapons
(D) That USA will attack Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro
Answer:
(D) That USA will attack Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro

Explanation:
In April 1961, the leaders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) were worried that the United States of America (USA) would invade communist-ruled Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro.

Question 12.

Who was the President of USA during Cuban Missile Crisis?

(A) Abraham Lincoln
(B) John F Kennedy
(C) Bill Clinton
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) John F Kennedy

Question 13.

When did the Cold War begin?

(A) After the Second World War
(B) During the Second World War
(C) Between 1914 and 1918
(D) Between 1939 and 1945
Answer:
(A) After the Second World War

Explanation:
The Cold War began after .the surrender of Nazi Germany in 1945, when the uneasy alliance between the United States and Great Britain on the one hand and the Soviet Union on the other started to fall apart.

Question 14.

Which of the following statements about the Cold War is wrong?

(A) It was an ideological war between the superpowers.
(B) It was a competition between the US and Soviet Union and their respective allies.
(C) It triggered of an arms race.
(D) The US and USSR were engaged in direct war.
Answer:
(D) The US and USSR were engaged in direct war.

Explanation:
Neither the Soviet Union nor the United States officially declared war on each other, both of them were trying to prove themselves as a superpower.

Question 15.

Why did US and USSR never fight a direct war against each other?

(A) because their economy exhausted in WW2.
(B) because both did not have any nuclear weapons.
(C) because they understood the destruction caused by the use of atomic bombs.
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(C) because they understood the destruction caused by the use of atomic bombs.

Explanation:
While the Cold War was an outcome of the emergence of the US and the USSR as two superpowers rival to each other, it was also rooted in the understanding that the destruction caused by the use of atom bombs would be too costly for any country to bear.

Question 16.

Which among the following is not among the objectives of NAM?

(A) Enabling newly decolonized countries to pursue independent policies
(B) Not to joining any military alliances
(C) Following a policy of neutrality on global issues
(D) Focus on elimination of global economic inequalities
Answer:
(C) Following a policy of neutrality on global issues

Explanation:
NAM has sought to “create an independent path in world politics that would not result in member states becoming pawns in the struggles between the major powers.” It identifies the right of independent judgment.

Question 17.

Which of the following countries was not a member of NATO?

(A) France
(B) TheU.S.A.
(C) England
(D) None of these
Answer:
(D) None of these

Question 18.

Write the names of the main countries of Axis Powers.

(A) Germany, Italy, and Japan.
(B) India, Japan, Sri Lanka
(C) Bangladesh, Pakistan, China, India
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(A) Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Question 19.

In ………….. which year CENTO was established?

(A) 1956
(B) 1957
(C) 1958
(D) 1955
Answer:
(D) 1955

Question 20.

In which year NAM was established?

(A) 1956
(B) 1960
(C) 1990
(D) 1957
Answer:
(A) 1956

Question 21.

The first non-aligned summit was held in the year 1961 in …………..

(A) Venice
(B) Delhi
(C) Belgrade
(D) Dhaka
Answer:
(C) Belgrade

Assertion and Reason Based MCQs

Question 1.

Assertion: Soviet Union, decided to convert Cuba into a Russian base.
Reason: Cuba was an ally of the Soviet Union and received both diplomatic and financial aid from it.

Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
Nikita Khrushchev decided to convert Cuba into a Russian base as the ally, Cuba, was very close to American cities or mainland.

Question 2.

Assertion: The installation of these weapons put the US, for the first time, under fire from close range and nearly doubled the number of bases or cities in the American mainland which could be threatened by the USSR.
Reason: Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, decided to convert Cuba into a Russian base.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 3.

Assertion: The US President, John F. Kennedy, and his advisers were reluctant to do anything that might lead to full-scale nuclear war between the two countries.
Reason: The possible clash (Cold War) between the two countries was avoided.

Answer:
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:
There were no direct military campaigns between the two main antagonists, ยง the United States and the Soviet Union. Vet billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost i in the fight.

Question 4.

Assertion: The Cold War was not simply a matter of power rivalries, of military alliances, and of the balance of power.
Reason: These were accompanied by a real ideological conflict as well, a difference over the best and the most appropriate way of organizing political, economic, and social life all over the world.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 5.

Assertion: Smaller states got the promise of protection, weapons, and economic aid against their local rivals, mostly regional neighbours with whom they had rivalries.
Reason: The smaller states in the alliances used the link to the superpowers for their own purposes.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
Smaller slates depended a lot on superpowers for their development and protection. At limes, it become mandatory for them to join any of the blocs.

Question 6.

Assertion: The Western Alliance was formalized into an organization, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which came into existence in April 1949.
Reason: The Eastern Alliance, known as the CENTO, was led by the Soviet Union.

Answer:
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:
The Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO), originally known as the Baghdad Pact or the Middle East lreaty Organisation (MF.TO) (disambiguation;, was a military alliance of the Cold War. It was formed in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey and the United Kingdom. It was never led by Soviet Union.

Question 7.

Assertion: Under these circumstances (Cold War), many of the newly independent countries, after gaining their independence from the colonial powers such as Britain and France, were worried that they would lose their freedom as soon as they gained formal independence.
Reason: The Cold War threatened to divide the world into two alliances.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Question 8.

Assertion: The Cuban Missile Crisis was only one of the several crisis that occurred during the Cold War.
Reason: The Cold War also led to several shooting wars.

Explanation: The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict.

Question 9.

Assertion: Huge stocks of arms were considered necessary to prevent wars from taking place.
Reason: Since the Cold War did not eliminate rivalries between the two alliances, mutual suspicions led them to arm themselves to the teeth and to constantly prepare for war.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
In time, therefore, the US and USSR decided to collaborate in limiting or eliminating certain kinds of nuclear and non-nuclear weapons. A stable balance of weapons, they decided, could be maintained through ‘arms control’.

Question 10.

Assertion: The two sides understood that war might occur in spite of restraint.
Reason: Because they wanted to confront each other with weapons.

Answer:
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:
Both of the superpowers had nuclear weapons, and the enormous possibility that anv kind of escalation could potentially lead to their use and the end of human life. A stable balance of weapons, they decided, could be maintained through ‘arms control’.

Question 11.

Assertion: The roots of NAM went back to the friendship between three leaders Yugoslavia’s Josip Broz Tito, India’s Jawahar Lai Nehru, and Egypt’s leader Gamal Abdel Nasser who held a meeting in 1956.
Reason: NAM was established for neutral approach in the situation of the Cold War.

Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

Explanation:
The Non-Aligned Movement was formed d uring the Cold War as an organization of Stales that did not seek to formally align themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union, but sought to remain independent or neutral.

Question 12.

Assertion: NAM gave the members right not to choose any bloc over the other and yet gave them the right to deal with the global issues. E
Reason: Jawahar Lai Nehru isolated India from the entire world.

Answer:
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

Explanation:
Non-aligned posture served India’s interests in at least two ways. Firstly, Non-alignment allowed India to take international decisions and stances that served its interests rather than the interests of the superpowers and their allies. Secondly, India was often able to balance one superpower against the other.

Case-Based MCQs

I. Study the cartoon carefully and give the answers to the question that follows:

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science Unit 1 Cold War Era and Non–aligned Movement - 1

Question 1.

What could be the appropriate title for the picture given above?

(A) US vs USSR economic contestation.
(B) Capitalist vs Communist Model.
(C) Contestation between two superpowers; US vs USSR.
(D) Cuban Missile Crisis.
Answer:
(C) Contestation between two superpowers; US vs USSR.

Explanation:
The main enemies were the United States and the Soviet Union. The Cold War got its name because both sides were afraid of fighting each other directly. In a “hot war nuclear weapons might destroy everything. So, instead, both sides fought a proxy war. The proxy warfare was motivated by fears that a conventional war between the United States and the Soviet Union would result in nuclear holocaust.

Question 2.

How USA shows its hegemony?

(A) By showing its dominance in military, economy and culture over the other nations.
(B) By having UN head quarter in New York.
(C) By cooperating other nations in their development.
(D) None of the above.
Answer:
(A) By showing its dominance in military, economy and culture over the other nations.

Question 3.

Name two allied countries each of these superpowers.

(A) Albania and Romania
(B) New Zealand and China
(C) India and Nepal
(D) France and Canada
Answer:
(D) France and Canada

Question 4.

What was the result of the Cold War?

(A) Disintegration of USSR and US emerging as the sole superpower.
(B) Beginning of Russian dominance over the world.
(C) Fall down of US as a capitalist economy and its adoption of Communist model.
(D) None of the above.
Answer:
(A) Disintegration of USSR and US emerging as the sole superpower.

Explanation:
During 1989 and 1990, the Berlin Wall came down, borders opened, and free elections ousted Communist regimes everywhere in eastern Europe. In late 1991 the Soviet Union itself dissolved into its component republics. With stunning speed, i the Iron Curtain was lifted and the Cold War came to an end.

II. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
In April 1961, the leaders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) were worried that the United States of America (USA) would invade communist-ruled Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro, the president of the small island nation off the coast of the United States. Cuba was an ally of the Soviet Union and received both diplomatic and financial aid from it. Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, decided to convert Cuba into a Russian base. In 1962, he placed nuclear missiles in Cuba.

The installation of these weapons put the US, for the first time, under fire from close range and nearly doubled the number of bases or cities in the American mainland which could be threatened by the USSR. Three weeks after the Soviet Union had placed the nuclear weapons in Cuba, the Americans became aware of it. The US President, John . Kennedy, and his advisers were reluctant to do anything that might lead to full-scale nuclear war between the two countries, but they were determined to get Khrushchev to remove the missiles and nuclear weapons from Cuba.

Kennedy ordered American warships to intercept any Soviet ships heading to Cuba as a way of warning the USSR of his seriousness. A clash seemed imminent in what came to be known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. The prospects of this clash made the whole world nervous, for it would have been no ordinary war. Eventually, to the world’s great relief, both sides decided to avoid war. The Soviet ships slowed down and turned back.

Question 1.

The leaders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) were worried that ……..

(A) the USA would invade communist-ruled Cuba and overthrow Guevara.
(B) the USA would invade communist-ruled Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro.
(C) the USA would invade communist-ruled Cuba to establish democratic government.
(D) All of the above.
Answer:
(B) the USA would invade communist-ruled Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro.

Explanation:
April 1961, the leaders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) were worried that the United States of America (USA) would invade communist-ruled Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro, the President of the small island nation off the coast of the United Slates. In 1962, he placed nuclear missiles in Cuba.

Question 2.

From whom did Cuba receive diplomatic and financial help?

(A) Fidel Castro
(B) United Nations
(C) Soviet Union
(D) John F Kennedy
Answer:
(C) Soviet Union

Explanation:
Cuba became increasingly dependent on Soviet markets and military and economic aid. Castro was able to build a formidable military force with the help of Soviet equipment and military advisors.

Question 3.

Who decided to convert Cuba into a Russian base?

(A) Nikita Khrushchev
(B) Fidel Castro
(C) America
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) Nikita Khrushchev

Explanation:
In response to the presence of . American Jupiter ballistic missiles in Italy and Turkey, and the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961, Soviet First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev- agreed to Cuba’s request to place nuclear j missiles on the island to deter a future invasion.

Question 4.

Who ordered American warships to intercept any Soviet ships heading to Cuba as a way of warning to USSR?

(A) George W Bush
(B) Western European countries
(C) John F Kennedy
(D) All the above
Answer:
(C) John F Kennedy

Explanation:
In 1962, President John Kennedy imposed a U.S. naval blockade of Cuba after U.S. spy planes found Soviet missile sites on the Communist-ruled island.

III. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The end of the Second World War is a landmark in contemporary world politics. In 1945, the Allied Forces, led by the US, Soviet Union, Britain and France defeated the Axis Powers led by Germany, Italy and Japan, ending the Second World War (1939- 1945). The war had involved almost all the major powers of the world and spread out to regions outside Europe including Southeast Asia, China, Burma (now Myanmar) and parts of India’s northeast. The war devastated the world in terms of loss of human lives and civilian property.

The First World War had earlier shaken the world between 1914 and 1918.The end of the Second World War was also the beginning of the Cold War. The world war ended when the United States dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, causing Japan to surrender. Critics of the US decision to drop the bombs have argued that the US knew that Japan was about to surrender and that it was unnecessary to drop the bombs.

They suggest that the US action was intended to stop the Soviet Union from making military and political gains in Asia and elsewhere and to show Moscow that the United States was supreme. US supporters have argued that the dropping of the atomic bombs was necessary to end the war quickly and to stop further loss of American and Allied lives.

Whatever the motives, the consequence of the end of the Second World War was the rise of two new powers on the global stage. With the defeat of Germany and Japan, the devastation of Europe and in many other parts of the world, the United States and the Soviet Union became the greatest powers in the world with the ability to influence events anywhere on earth.

Question 1.

Which countries comprised the “allied forces”?

(A) US, Soviet Union, Britain and France.
(B) US, Germany, Soviet Union and Britain.
(C) US, Soviet Union, Britain, France and Japan.
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) US, Soviet Union, Britain and France.

Explanation:
The major Allied Powers were Britain, France, Russia, and the United States. The Allies formed mostly as a defence against the attacks of the AxisPowers. The original members of the Allies included Great Britain, France and Poland.

Question 2.

How long the Second World War lasted?

(A) five years
(B) seven years
(C) three years
(D) six years
Answer:
(D) six years

Explanation:
Lasting six years and one day, the Second World War started on 1 September 1939 with Hitler’s invasion of Poland and ended with the Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945.

Question 3.

When did the First World War start?

(A) 1914
(B) 1918
(C) 1915
(D) 1920
Answer:
(A) 1914

Explanation:
World War I, also known as the j Great War, began in 1914 after the assassination I of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria. I

Question 4.

What is the critics’ opinion about USA dropping the atomic bombs on Japan?

(A) USA was completely unaware that Japan was about to surrender.
(B) USA already had knowledge that Japan is going to surrender.
(C) USA wanted to control Japan as its colony.
(D) USA wanted to capture Japan’s natural resources.
Answer:
(B) USA already had knowledge that Japan is going to surrender.

IV Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The Western alliance was formalized into an organization, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which came into existence in April 1949. It was an association of twelve states which declared that armed attack on any one of them in Europe or North America would be regarded as an attack on all of them. Each of these states would be obliged to help the other. The eastern alliance, known as the Warsaw Pact, was led by the Soviet Union.

It was created in 1955 and its principal function was to counter NATO’s forces in Europe. International alliances during the Cold War era were determined by the requirements of the superpowers and the calculations of the smaller states. As noted above, Europe became the main arena of conflict between the superpowers. In some cases, the superpowers used their military power to bring countries into their respective alliances. Soviet intervention in east Europe provides an example.

The Soviet Union used its influence in eastern Europe, backed by the very large presence of its armies in the countries of the region, to ensure that the eastern half of Europe remained within its sphere of influence. In East and Southeast Asia and in West Asia (Middle East), the United States built an alliance system called-the Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) and the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO). The Soviet Union and communist China responded by having close relations with regional countries such as North Vietnam, North Korea and Iraq.

Question 1.

When was NATO formed?

(A) June 1949
(B) March 1949
(C) February 1949
(D) April 1949
Answer:
(D) April 1949

Explanation:
The North Atlantic Treaty I Organization was created in 1949 to provide I collective security against the Soviet Union. I

Question 2.

How many states were associated with NATO?

(A) eleven states
(B) twelve states
(C) ten states
(D) nine states
Answer:
(B) twelve states

Question 3.

When Warsaw Pact was created?

(A)1955
(B) 1957
(C) 1954
(D) 1956
Answer:
(A)1955

Explanation:
The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the London and Paris Conferences of 1954. The Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO.

Question 4.

What was the primary aim of Warsaw Pact?

(A) To counter USA’s forces only
(B) To counter SEATO’s forces
(C) To achieve economic development in the countries of Soviet Union
(D) To counter NATO’s forces in Europe
Answer:
(D) To counter NATO’s forces in Europe

Explanation:
The primary aims of the Warsaw Pact were to safeguard the security of its member slates and to increase military cooperation amongst its members.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science with Answers

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Business Studies with Answers Chapter Wise PDF Download

February 10, 2023February 9, 2023 by Veer

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Class 12 Business Studies MCQs Multiple Choice Questions with Answers

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MCQ Questions for Class 6 Hindi Chapter 5 अक्षरों का महत्व with Answers

February 9, 2023February 8, 2023 by Prasanna

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अक्षरों का महत्व Class 6 MCQs Questions with Answers

Question 1.
अक्षरों की खोज का सिलसिला लगभग कब शुरू हुआ?
(a) एक हजार साल पहले
(b) दस हज़ार साल पहले
(c) छह हजार साल पहले
(d) दो हज़ार साल पहले

Answer

Answer: (c) छह हजार साल पहले

Question 2.
धरती कितने साल पुरानी है?
(a) चार अरब साल
(b) पाँच अरब साल
(c) तीन अरब साल
(d) छह हज़ार साल

Answer

Answer: (b) पाँच अरब साल

Question 3.
गाँवों का विकास कितने वर्ष पूर्व हुआ?
(a) आठ हजार
(b) बारह हज़ार
(c) छह हज़ार
(d) दस हज़ार

Answer

Answer: (d) दस हज़ार

Question 4.
अक्षर ज्ञान से पहले मनुष्य किस प्रकार संदेश भेजता था?
(a) आवाज़ रिकार्ड करके
(b) चिल्लाकर
(c) चित्रों के माध्यम से
(d) घंटी बजाकर

Answer

Answer: (b) चिल्लाकर

Question 5.
स्थायी भाषा कौन-सी है?
(a) मौखिक
(b) लिखित
(c) सांकेतिक
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं

Answer

Answer: (d) इनमें से कोई नहीं

(1)

दुनिया में अब तक करोड़ों पुस्तकें छप चुकी हैं। हज़ारों पुस्तकें रोज़ छपती हैं। तरह-तरह के अक्षरों में हज़ारों की तादाद में रोज़ ही समाचार-पत्र छपते रहते हैं। इन सबके मूल में हैं अक्षर। हम कल्पना भी नहीं कर सकते कि यदि आदमी अक्षरों को न जानता, तो आज इस दुनिया का क्या हाल होता।

Question 1.
प्रस्तुत पाठ और उसके लेखक का नाम इनमें से कौन-सा है?
(a) अक्षरों का महत्त्व-गुणाकर मुले
(b) अक्षरों का महत्त्व-महादेवी वर्मा
(c) पुस्तकों का महत्त्व-प्रेमचंद
(d) अक्षरों का महत्त्व-शमशेर बहादुर सिंह

Answer

Answer: (a) अक्षरों का महत्त्व-गुणाकर मुले

Question 2.
इस गद्यांश में किसका महत्त्व बतलाया गया है?
(a) संसार का
(b) पुस्तकों का
(c) समाचार-पत्रों का
(d) अक्षरों का

Answer

Answer: (d) अक्षरों का

Question 3.
अब तक कितनी पुस्तकें छप चुकी हैं?
(a) हज़ारों
(b) लाखों
(c) करोड़ों
(d) इनमें से कोई नहीं

Answer

Answer: (c) करोड़ों

(2)

पुराने जमाने के लोग सचमुच ही सोचते थे कि अक्षरों की खोज ईश्वर ने की है। पर आज हम जानते हैं कि अक्षरों की खोज किसी ईश्वर ने नहीं, बल्कि स्वयं आदमी ने की है। अब तो हम यह भी जानते हैं कि किन अक्षरों की खोज किस देश में किस समय हुई! हमारी यह धरती लगभग पाँच अरब साल पुरानी है। दो-तीन अरब साल तक इस धरती पर किसी प्रकार के जीव-जंतु नहीं थे। फिर करोड़ों साल तक केवल जानवरों और वनस्पतियों का ही इस धरती पर राज्य रहा। आदमी ने इस धरती पर कोई पाँच लाख साल पहले जन्म लिया। धीरे-धीरे उसका विकास हुआ।

Question 1.
पुराने जमाने के लोगों के अनुसार अक्षरों की खोज-
(a) अपने आप हुई
(b) मनुष्य ने की
(c) ईश्वर ने की
(d) किसी ने नहीं की

Answer

Answer: (c) ईश्वर ने की

Question 2.
अब हम जान गए हैं कि-
(a) किन अक्षरों की खोज कब हुई।
(b) किन अक्षरों की खोज किस देश में हुई।
(c) अक्षर की खोज मनुष्य ने की है।
(d) उपर्युक्त सभी कथन सत्य हैं।

Answer

Answer: (c) अक्षर की खोज मनुष्य ने की है।

Question 3.
हमारी धरती कितने साल पुरानी है?
(a) पाँच लाख वर्ष
(b) पाँच हजार वर्ष
(c) पाँच अरब वर्ष
(d) पाँच करोड़ वर्ष

Answer

Answer: (c) पाँच अरब वर्ष

(3)

प्रागैतिहासिक मानव ने सबसे पहले चित्रों के जरिए अपने भाव व्यक्त किए। जैसे, पशुओं, पक्षियों, आदमियों आदि के चित्र। इन चित्र-संकेतों से बाद में भाव-संकेत अस्तित्व में आए। जैसे, एक छोटे वृत्त के चहुँ ओर किरणों की द्योतक रेखाएँ खींचने पर वह ‘सूर्य’ का चित्र बन जाता था। बाद में यही चित्र ‘ताप’ या ‘धूप’ का द्योतक बन गया। इस तरह अनेक भाव-संकेत अस्तित्व में आए।

Question 1.
प्रागैतिहासिक मानव ने सबसे पहले अपने भाव किस प्रकार व्यक्त किए?
(a) अक्षरों के द्वारा
(b) संगीत के द्वारा
(c) चित्रों के द्वारा
(d) पेड़ के पत्तों के द्वारा

Answer

Answer: (c) चित्रों के द्वारा

Question 2.
सबसे पहले अपने भाव व्यक्त करने के लिए किसके चित्र बनाए गए?
(a) पशुओं के
(b) पक्षियों के
(c) आदमियों के
(d) इन सभी के

Answer

Answer: (d) इन सभी के

Question 3.
सूर्य का चित्र किसका प्रतीक होता था?
(a) ज्ञान का
(b) ताप या धूप का
(c) विकास का
(d) औजार का

Answer

Answer: (b) ताप या धूप का

(4)

अक्षरों की खोज के साथ एक नए युग की शुरुआत हुई। आदमी अपने विचार और अपने हिसाब-किताब को लिखकर रखने लगा। तबसे मानव को ‘सभ्य’ कहा जाने लगा, आदमी ने जबसे लिखना शुरू किया तबसे ‘इतिहास’ आरंभ हुआ। किसी भी कौम या देश का इतिहास तब से शुरू होता है जबसे आदमी के लिखे हुए लेख मिलने लग जाते हैं। इस प्रकार, इतिहास को शुरू हुए मुश्किल से छह हज़ार साल हुए हैं। उसके पहले के काल को ‘प्रागैतिहासिक काल’ यानी इतिहास के पहले का काल कहते हैं।

Question 1.
मनुष्य की सबसे बड़ी खोज क्या है?
(a) अक्षर
(b) भोजन
(c) घर
(d) धूप

Answer

Answer: (a) अक्षर

Question 2.
मानव को कब से सभ्य कहा जाने लगा?
(a) जब से मनुष्य ने कपड़े पहनना सीखा।
(b) जब मनुष्य ने अस्त्र-शस्त्र बनाना सीखा।
(c) जब से अक्षरों की खोज हुई।
(d) जब से मनुष्य ने लिखना सीखा।

Answer

Answer: (c) जब से अक्षरों की खोज हुई।

Question 3.
इतिहास से पहले के काल को क्या नाम दिया गया?
(a) प्राचीन काल
(b) आधुनिक काल
(c) प्रागैतिहासिक काल
(d) मध्य काल

Answer

Answer: (c) प्रागैतिहासिक काल

(5)

हमारी यह धरती लगभग पाँच अरब साल पुरानी है। दो-तीन अरब साल तक इस धरती पर किसी प्रकार के जीव-जंतु नहीं थे। फिर करोड़ों साल तक केवल जानवरों और वनस्पतियों का ही इस धरती पर राज्य रहा। आदमी ने इस धरती पर कोई पाँच लाख साल पहले जन्म लिया। धीरे-धीरे उसका विकास हुआ।

Question 1.
गद्यांश के पाठ और लेखक का नाम लिखिए।

Answer

Answer:
पाठ का नाम – अक्षरों का महत्त्व।
लेखक का नाम – गुणाकर मुले।

Question 2.
यह धरती कितने साल पुरानी है?

Answer

Answer: हमारी धरती लगभग पाँच अरब साल पुरानी है।

Question 3.
आदमी से पूर्व इस धरती पर किसका राज्य था?

Answer

Answer: सभी प्रकार के जीव जंतुओं का।

(6)

प्रागैतिहासिक मानव ने सबसे पहले चित्रों के जरिए अपने भाव व्यक्त किए। जैसे, पशुओं, पक्षियों, आदमियों आदि के चित्र। इन चित्र-संकेतों से बाद में भाव-संकेत अस्तित्व में आए। जैसे-एक छोटे वृत्त के चहुँ ओर किरणों की द्योतक रेखाएँ खींचने पर वह ‘सूर्य’ का चित्र बन जाता था। बाद में यही चित्र ‘ताप’ या ‘धूप’ का द्योतक बन गया। इस तरह अनेक भाव-संकेत अस्तित्व में आए।

Question 1.
प्रागैतिहासिक मानव ने पहले अपने भाव कैसे व्यक्त किए?

Answer

Answer: प्रागैतिहासिक मानव ने पहले चित्रों के द्वारा अपने भाव व्यक्त किए।

Question 2.
प्रागैतिहासिक काल से क्या अभिप्राय है?

Answer

Answer: प्रागैतिहासिक काल से अभिप्राय है-इतिहास से पहले का काल। जब से मनुष्य ने लिखना शुरू किया तब से उसके इतिहास का पता चलता है। इससे पहले के काल को प्रागैतिहासिक काल कहते हैं।

Question 3.
सूर्य का चित्र कैसे बन जाता है?

Answer

Answer: जब एक छोटे वृत्त के चारों ओर किरणों को दर्शाने वाली रेखाएँ खींची जाती हैं तब वह सूर्य का चित्र बन जाता है।

(7)

अतः हम देखते हैं कि यदि आदमी अक्षरों की खोज़ नहीं करता तो आज हम इतिहास को न जान पाते। हम यह न जान पाते कि पिछले कुछ हज़ार सालों में आदमी किस प्रकार रहता था, क्या-क्या सोचता था, कौन-कौन राजा हुए इत्यादि।

Question 1.
नए युग की शुरुआत किस खोज के साथ हुई?

Answer

Answer: मानव सभ्यता में नए युग की शुरुआत अक्षरों की खोज के साथ हुई।

Question 2.
मनुष्य की सबसे बड़ी खोज क्या है?

Answer

Answer: अक्षरों की खोज मनुष्य की सबसे बड़ी खोज है।

Question 3.
मानव कब से सभ्य कहा जाने लगा?

Answer

Answer: जब से अक्षरों की खोज हुई।

We hope the given NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 5 अक्षरों का महत्व with Answers Pdf free download will help you. If you have any queries regarding CBSE Class 6 Hindi अक्षरों का महत्व MCQs Multiple Choice Questions with Answers, drop a comment below and we will get back to you soon.

New Centers of Power Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers

European Union is a major alternate political and economic power centre in the unipolar world led by US. Consider the following statements about origin of EU. Which of the following is/are not correct?

Consider the following statements comparing US and European Union and choose the correct one/s.

The Council of Europe was established in:

Consider the following statement about ASEAN and choose the incorrect one/s.

SAARC is a major regional initiative by the :

Which one of the following statements related to the Indo- China war (1962) is correct?

Indo- Russian relations strengthened after the signing of Treaty of Peace and Friendship in:

The key to growing India -Israel ties are:

Relationship between India and Russia are rooted in mutual:

India and China were the great powers in Asia before the advent of:

Rajiv Gandhi’s visit to China in took place in December:

China and India were involved in a border conflict in:

What was “Marshall Plan”?

When OEEC was established?

Which two members of Europe hold the permanent seats on the UN Security Council?

What is the currency of European Union?

Which declaration was signed with AESAN came into existence?

Where was the SAARC established?

Which one of the following is not the member of SAARC?

Where and when was BRIC founded?

Why BRIC turned into BRICS?

When did Jawahar Lai Nehru visit Russia?

During which Five Year Plan, Soviet Union helped India in setting up industries?

Which of the following is one of the founding members of SAARC?

India and Israel established full diplomatic relations in …………..

When did China takeover Tibet?

What were the areas of dispute between India and China in 1962 conflict?

Since 1962, until when the relations of both the countries (India and China) downgraded?

What is the contribution of India in the growth of trade since 1999?

Assertion: OEEC became a forum where the western European states began to cooperate on trade and economic issues. Reason: The US also created a new collective security structure under NATO.

Assertion: The EU has started to act more as a dictator state. Reason: It also has some form of a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with other nations.

Assertion: AESAN was develop to pose a military and economic threat to EU. Reason: The objectives of ASEAN were primarily to accelerate economic growth and through that ‘economic and cultural development’.

Assertion: ASEAN’s economy is larger than that of the EU and the US. Reason: ASEAN was and still remains principally an economic association.

Assertion: China had considerable influence and control on the periphery of its borders based on its unique tributary system. Reason: At different times in China’s long history of dynastic rule, Mongolia, Korea, parts of Indo-China, and Tibet accepted China’s authority.

Assertion: China’s policy became more friendly and ideological towards India after 1962. Reason: Since 1962, India and China’s relations deteriorated beyond expectations.

Which organization walks on a tight rope in the above picture?

Why is it difficult to maintain balance in the contemporary world?

Write any one challenge this organization is facing?

Name the countries that are causing instability to the above organization and why?

The OEEC was established in:

After OEEC, what was another sLep forward to achieve political cooperation in Europe?

When was European Union formed?

What was the GDP of European Union in 2016?

In 1967, when AESAN was established, which countries were its members?

What was the objective of ASEAN?

When did ASEAN start moving along the path of EU?

When the ARF was established?

When did India and China establish their diplomatic relations?

Whose visit in 1988 began a phase of improvement in bilateral relations?

When did India and China sign a Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation?

Who visited India in 2005 for the first phase of SR Talks?

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Political Science with Answers

The End Of Bipolariiy Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers

Which one of the following statements about the Berlin wall is false? (Delhi, 2016)

The Socialist Movement was inspired by the ideas of:

Which among the following statements wrongly describes the nature of the Soviet economy?

Which one of the following was NOT a consequence of disintegration of the USSR?

Which one of the following did Gorbachev not promise to reform?

Mikhail Gorbachev was elected as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in:

Which one of the following was NOT an outcome of ‘Shock Therapy’?

Shock therapy involved a drastic change in the orientation of the economies.

The real GDP of Russia in 1999 was below what it was in:

The post-Soviet countries underwent a process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to capitalism system.

Arab Spring began with

First Gulf War was known as

Which one of the following statement related to the Iraq invasion by the US is incorrect?

witnessed a Civil War that went on for ten years till 2001.

A system in which the affairs at the international level cannot be dominated by only one superpower but by a group of countries is known as:

After which event in 1917 Soviet Union came into existence?

In Soviet system, who used to control the economy?

What was the nomenclature of the group who followed the USSR?

Why Soviet system lost its popularity soon?

When was Soviet Union disbanded?

What was the final and most immediate cause of the disintegration of the USSR?

Who became the sole superpower after the disintegration of USSR?

What among the following was the result of the disintegration of USSR?

The model of transition, influenced by the World Bank and the IMF, came to be known as

What type of economy was proposed by Shock therapy?

How did the Shock Therapy affect the economy?

Assertion: OEEC became a forum where the western European states began to cooperate on trade and economic issues.
Reason: The US also created a new collective security structure under NATO.

Assertion: The EU has started to act more as a dictator state.
Reason: It also has some form of a common foreign and security policy in its dealings with other nations.

Assertion: AESAN was develop to pose a military and economic threat to EU.
Reason: The objectives of ASEAN were primarily to accelerate economic growth and through that ‘economic and cultural development’.

Assertion: ASEAN’s economy is larger than that of the EU and the US.
Reason: ASEAN was and still remains principally an economic association.

Assertion: China had considerable influence and control on the periphery of its borders based on its unique tributary system.
Reason: At different times in China’s long history of dynastic rule, Mongolia, Korea, parts of Indo-China, and Tibet accepted China’s authority.

Assertion: China’s policy became more friendly and ideological towards India after 1962.
Reason: Since 1962, India and China’s relations deteriorated beyond expectations.

Assertion: After the Second World War, the east European countries that the Soviet Army had liberated from the fascist forces came under the control of the USSR.
Reason: The Soviet System, however, became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens.

Assertion: The Soviet economy was then more developed than the rest of the world except for the US.
Reason: The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War

Assertion: Cold War had a great cost on the economy of the country.
Reason: In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US from time to time.

Assertion: Gorbachev did nothing to save the disintegration of soviet system.
Reason: These developments were accompanied by a rapidly escalating crisis within the USSR that hastened its disintegration.

Assertion: Reforms were necessary to keep the USSR abreast of the information and technological revolutions taking place in the West.
Reason: Mikhail Gorbachev, who had become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985, sought to reform this system.

Assertion: The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralized control.
Reason: A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners.

Assertion: Gorbachev’s decision to normalize relations with the West and democratize and reform the Soviet Union had some other effects that neither he nor anyone else intended or anticipated.
Reason: People supported Gorbachev in his every decision he has taken.

Assertion: The Shock Therapy brought success which was not anticipated at all.
Reason: Each of these countries was required to make a total shift to a capitalist economy, which meant rooting out completely any structures evolved during the Soviet period.

Assertion: Development was now envisaged through more trade, and thus a sudden and complete switch to free trade was considered essential. 0
Reason: Shock therapy also involved a drastic change in the external orientation of these economies.

Assertion: Each state from this bloc was now linked directly to the West and not to each other in the region.
Reason: The transition also involved a breakup of the existing trade alliances among the countries of the Soviet bloc.

Assertion: Most of the former Soviet Republics are prone to conflicts, and many have had civil wars and insurgencies.
Reason: In Russia, two republics, Chechnya and Dagestan, have had violent secessionist movements.

Assertion: In Georgia, the demand for independence has come from two provinces, resulting in a Civil War.
Reason: In Central Asia, Tajikistan witnessed a Civil War that went on for ten years till 2001.

Assertion: The hydrocarbon resources have brought an enormous prosperity to these countries.
Reason: The Central Asian Republics are areas with vast hydrocarbon resources.

Assertion: Central Asian countries were already in control of US.
Reason: Central Asia has also become a zone of competition between outside powers and oil companies.