The End Of Bipolariiy Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers
Question 1.
Which one of the following statements about the Berlin wall is false? (Delhi, 2016)
(A) It symbolised the division between the capitalist and the communist world.
(B) It was built during the Second World War.
(C) It was broken by the people on 9 November 1989.
(D) It marked the unification of the two parts of Germany.
Answer:
(B) It was built during the Second World War.
Explanation:
Berlin was built on 13th August 1961 whereas Second World War came to an end in 1945.
Question 2.
The Socialist Movement was inspired by the ideas of:
(A) Democracy
(B) Socialism
(C) Communalism
(D) Dictatorship
Answer:
(B) Socialism
Explanation:
Socialism is a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Question 3.
Which among the following statements wrongly describes the nature of the Soviet economy?
(A) Socialism was the dominant ideology.
(B) State ownership/control existed over the factors of production.
(C) People enjoyed economic freedom.
(D) Every aspect of the economy was planned and controlled by the state.
Answer:
(C) People enjoyed economic freedom.
Explanation:
The economy of the Soviet Union was based on state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, and industrial manufacturing. The highly centralized Soviet- type economic planning was managed by the administrative-command system.
Question 4.
Which one of the following was NOT a consequence of disintegration of the USSR?
(a) Many new stages emerged
(B) Russia emerged as a new superpower
(C) Power relations in world politics changed
(D) The capitalist system emerged as the winner
Answer:
(B) Russia emerged as a new superpower
Explanation:
The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republic lead to the disintegration of the USSR.
Question 5.
Which one of the following did Gorbachev not promise to reform?
(A) To loosen the administrative system
(B) To catch up with the west
(C) To reform the economy
(D) To maintain strict control over the government
Answer:
(D) To maintain strict control over the government
Explanation:
Gorbachev’s reforms were gradualist and maintained many of the macroeconomic aspects of the command economy (including price controls, inconvertibility of the rouble, exclusion of private property ownership, and the government monopoly over most means of production).
Question 6.
Mikhail Gorbachev was elected as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in:
(a) 1955
(B) 1965
(c) 1975
(D) 1985
Answer:
(D) 1985
Question 7.
Which one of the following was NOT an outcome of ‘Shock Therapy’?
(A) The old system of social welfare got destroyed.
(B) Industries were put up for sale to the private sector.
(C) The value of the Russian currency, the ‘Ruble’ rose dramatically.
(D) Russia started to import food grains.
Answer:
(C) The value of the Russian currency, the ‘Ruble’ rose dramatically.
Explanation:
The value of Ruble, the Russian ‘ currency declined. Inflation rose at a very high rate and it lost all savings of people.
Question 8.
Shock therapy involved a drastic change in the orientation of the economies.
(A) external
(B) internal
(C) international
(D) opposition
Answer:
(A) external
Question 9.
The real GDP of Russia in 1999 was below what it was in:
(A) 1959
(B) 1969
(C) 1979
(D) 1989
Answer:
(D) 1989
Question 10.
The post-Soviet countries underwent a process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to capitalism system.
(A) democratic
(B) authoritative
(C) aristocratic
(D) systematic
Answer:
(A) democratic
Explanation:
Democratic capitalism system is a political and economic system that combines capitalism and strong social policies.
Question 11.
Arab Spring began with
(A) Russian Revolution
(B) Tunisian Revolution
(C) Egyptian Revolution
(D) Syrian Revolution [R]
Answer:
(B) Tunisian Revolution
Explanation:
The Arab Spring was a series £ of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across much of
the Arab world.
Question 12.
First Gulf War was known as
(A) Operation Infinite Reach
(B) Operation Enduring Freedom
(C) Operation Desert Storm
(D) Operation Iraqi Freedom
Answer:
(C) Operation Desert Storm
Explanation:
Operation Desert Storm was the name given to the 42-dav U.S. led air offensive in response to Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait.
Question 13.
Which one of the following statement related to the Iraq invasion by the US is incorrect?
(A) More than forty other countries were involved in this invasion.
(B) The UN had given consent to invade IraQuestion
(C) The invasion was to prevent Iraq from developing weapons of mass destruction.
(D) The US lost over 3000 military personnel in this war.
Answer:
(B) The UN had given consent to invade IraQuestion
Question 14.
witnessed a Civil War that went on for ten years till 2001.
(A) Dagestan
(B) Tajikistan
(C) Chechnya
(D) Moscow
Answer:
(B) Tajikistan
Explanation:
Economic hardship, communal lifestyle of lajiki people and their high religiosity caused the Civil War in Tajikistan.
Question 15.
A system in which the affairs at the international level cannot be dominated by only one superpower but by a group of countries is known as:
(A) unipolar world
(B) capitalise world
(C) multi-polar world
(D) collective world [K]
Answer:
(C) multi-polar world
Explanation:
Multi-polarity is a distribution of power in which more than two nation-states have nearly equal amounts of military, cultural, f and economic influence.
Question 16.
After which event in 1917 Soviet Union came into existence?
(A) French Revolution
(B) First World War
(C) November Revolution
(D) Socialist Revolution
Answer:
(D) Socialist Revolution
Explanation:
The Soviet Union had its roots in the Socialist Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks overthrew the Russian Provisional Government that had replaced Tsar Nicholas II.
Question 17.
In Soviet system, who used to control the economy?
(A) Businessmen
(B) State
(C) People
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) State
Explanation:
The economy used by the Soviet Union was a command economy which means that the government controlled all aspects of the economy.
Question 18.
What was the nomenclature of the group who followed the USSR?
(A) Communist group
(B) Democratic group
(C) Liberal socialist group
(D) The Second World or The Socialist bloc
Answer:
(D) The Second World or The Socialist bloc
Question 19.
Why Soviet system lost its popularity soon?
(A) It became more democratic
(B) People were fed up of the system
(C) It exploited people
(D) It became very bureaucratic and authoritarian
Answer:
(D) It became very bureaucratic and authoritarian
Explanation: The Soviet System became very bureaucratic and authoritarian making life very difficult for its citizens as there was no freedom of speech. The nation was facing crisis almost in all the spheres.
Question 20.
When was Soviet Union disbanded?
(A) 1989
(B) 1990
(C) 1991
(D) 1992
Answer:
(C) 1991
Explanation:
On December 25,1991, the Soviet hammer and sickle flag lowered for the last time over the Kremlin, thereafter replaced by the Russian tricolour.
Question 21.
What was the final and most immediate cause of the disintegration of the USSR?
(A) Gorbachev’s policies
(B) Western developments
(C) Second World War
(D) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics
Answer:
(D) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics
Explanation:
The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics proved to be the final and most immediate cause of the disintegration of the USSR.
Question 22.
Who became the sole superpower after the disintegration of USSR?
(A) China
(B) Russia
(C) US
(D) Britain
Answer:
(C) US
Explanation:
After the Soviet Union disintegrated in the early 1990s, the term hvper-power began to be applied to the United g States as the sole remaining superpower of the I Cold War era.
Question 23.
What among the following was the result of the disintegration of USSR?
(A) End of Cold War confrontations
(B) End of Second World War
(C) Great economic depression
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above
Question 24.
The model of transition, influenced by the World Bank and the IMF, came to be known as
(A) USSR
(B) Shock Therapy
(C) United Nations
(D) CENTO
Answer:
(B) Shock Therapy
Explanation:
The term ‘Shock Therapy’ meant the transitional model from being a socialist country to a capitalist country influenced bv the World Bank and the IMF.
Question 25.
What type of economy was proposed by Shock therapy?
(A) Communist
(B) Liberal Communist
(C) Socialist
(D) Capitalist
Answer:
(D) Capitalist
Question 26.
How did the Shock Therapy affect the economy?
(A) It flourished the economies.
(B) It devastated the economies.
(C) It had no impact at all on economies.
(D) None of the above.
Answer:
(B) It devastated the economies.
Explanation:
The shock therapy ruined the economies of Russia and east European countries. Since restructuring was carried out by market driven forces and not by the government implement policies, there was a disappearance of almost all industries in the region.
Question 27.
Which currency declined after the implement of Shock therapy?
(A) Ruble
(B) Dollar
(C) Pound
(D) Euro
Answer:
(A) Ruble
Explanation:
Shock Therapy affected trade and commerce of Russia in the manner that the value of Ruble, the Russian’ currency declined.
Question 28.
What was the result of withdrawal of government subsidies?
(A) people had no impact at all
(B) market prices hiked rapidly
(C) people were pushed into poverty
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(C) people were pushed into poverty
Explanation:
The withdrawal of government subsidies pushed large sections of the people into poverty.
Question 29.
How Central Asian economies benefited?
(A) due to oil resources
(B) due to their agricultural activities
(C) due to tourism
(D) due to their hydrocarbon resources
Answer:
(D) due to their hydrocarbon resources
Explanation:
The Central Asian Republics are areas with vast hydrocarbon resources which s have brought them economic benefit.
Question 30.
Which period is described as the period of US dominance?
(A) 1960 onwards
(B) Cold War era
(C) Post-Cold War era
(D) 1980 onwards
Answer:
(C) Post-Cold War era
Explanation:
The era after the end of the Cold War, has been described as the period of LS dominance or a unipolar world.
Question 31.
Which operation is known as “Operation Iraqi Freedom”?
(A) US attack on Iraq in 2003
(B) US attack on Iraq in 1991
(C) US attack on Afghanistan
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) US attack on Iraq in 2003
Assertion and Reason Based MCQs
Directions: In the following questions, a statement of
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Question 1.
Assertion: After the Second World War, the east European countries that the Soviet Army had liberated from the fascist forces came under the control of the USSR.
Reason: The Soviet System, however, became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens.
Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
USSR emerged as two of the most powerful blocs. Many countries after Second World War adopted Soviet system. Russia was in control of this bloc.
Question 2.
Assertion: The Soviet economy was then more developed than the rest of the world except for the US.
Reason: The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War
Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: Soviet Union’s aspirations were very high. Only two nations rose to superpower after the Second World Wax and Russia was one of them. Russia has frequently tried to demonstrate its power and tried to dominate the world politics.
Question 3.
Assertion: Cold War had a great cost on the economy of the country.
Reason: In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US from time to time.
Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
Though Soviet Union was giving a tough rivalry to US in Cold War, it had economic consequences. But, Russia was not weaker in any sense than US in the Cold War era.
Question 4.
Assertion: Gorbachev did nothing to save the disintegration of soviet system.
Reason: These developments were accompanied by a rapidly escalating crisis within the USSR that hastened its disintegration.
Answer:
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Explanation:
Gorbachev passed many reforms to revitalize the disintegrating Soviet system. But the bureaucrats never supported the reforms. Moreover, corruption and distrust of the people contributed in the decline of USSR.
Question 5.
Assertion: Reforms were necessary to keep the USSR abreast of the information and technological revolutions taking place in the West.
Reason: Mikhail Gorbachev, who had become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985, sought to reform this system.
Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
Gorbachev pul his best efforts to save the Soviet system. But, with rowing unrest in its various constituent republics developing into an incessant political and legislative conflict between the republics and the central government brought an end to soviet system.
Question 6.
Assertion: The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralized control.
Reason: A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners.
Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
The Soviet coup d’etat attempt, also known as the August Coup, was a failed attempt made by Communist leaders of the Soviet Union to take control of the country from Mikhail Gorbachev, who was Soviet President and General Secretary of the parly.
Question 7.
Assertion: Gorbachev’s decision to normalize relations with the West and democratize and reform the Soviet Union had some other effects that neither he nor anyone else intended or anticipated.
Reason: People supported Gorbachev in his every decision he has taken.
Answer:
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Explanation:
Soviet economy was under great pressure and burden. W’hat added to the problem was its corrupt governance and unrest among people.
Question 8.
Assertion: The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS.
Reason: The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones.
Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
In the end, the Russian Federation became the successor state for the Soviet Union, which meant that it took responsibility’ for weapons control and disposal, for outstanding debt, but also for the Soviet seat on the U. Security Council.
Question 9.
Assertion: Shock Therapy was the transitional form from authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe under the influence of the World Bank and IMF.
Reason: The model of transition in Russia, Central Asia and east Europe that was influenced by the World Bank and the IMF came to be known as ‘Shock therapy’.
Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Question 10.
Assertion: The Shock Therapy brought success which was not anticipated at all.
Reason: Each of these countries was required to make a total shift to a capitalist economy, which meant rooting out completely any structures evolved during the Soviet period.
Answer:
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Explanation: Shock Therapy affected trade and commerce ol Russia. The value of Ruble, the Russian currency, declined and inflation rose at a very high rale and it lost all savings of people.
Question 11.
Assertion: Development was now envisaged through more trade, and thus a sudden and complete switch to free trade was considered essential. 0
Reason: Shock therapy also involved a drastic change in the external orientation of these economies.
Answer:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
They needed a change in all the aspects of the post-soviet nations. Hence, Shock Therapy demanded the changes which in turn anticipated a united contribution of the nations.
Question 12.
Assertion: Each state from this bloc was now linked directly to the West and not to each other in the region.
Reason: The transition also involved a breakup of the existing trade alliances among the countries of the Soviet bloc.
Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
This was the real situation ol the post-soviet countries. On the one hand, there was a new hope, but on the other, a painstaking task to apply the changes which had possibilities of bringing hard times.
Question 13.
Assertion: Most of the former Soviet Republics are prone to conflicts, and many have had civil wars and insurgencies.
Reason: In Russia, two republics, Chechnya and Dagestan, have had violent secessionist movements.
Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
Alter the disintegration of soviet svslem, manv of the soviet republics witnessed violent secessionist movements. Chechnya and Dagestan were two of them.
Question 14.
Assertion: In Georgia, the demand for independence has come from two provinces, resulting in a Civil War.
Reason: In Central Asia, Tajikistan witnessed a Civil War that went on for ten years till 2001.
Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
Post cold war era was not free of the uproars. Former soviet republics witnessed violent conflicts over manv issues. Many new countries were born after the disintegration of Soviet Union. But, their inception was not free from bloodshed.
Question 15.
Assertion: The hydrocarbon resources have brought an enormous prosperity to these countries.
Reason: The Central Asian Republics are areas with vast hydrocarbon resources.
Answer:
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation:
After the Soviet breakup, Central I Asia has gained importance for several States 1 because of its geographical location and abundance of hydrocarbon reserves. These I hydrocarbon reserves are located mainly in I three countries: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan I and Uzbekistan.
Question 16.
Assertion: Central Asian countries were already in control of US.
Reason: Central Asia has also become a zone of competition between outside powers and oil companies.
Answer:
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Explanation: Central Asia is a major focus of competition for the world’s political and economic powers because of its strategic position and rich oil and gas resources.
Case-Based MCQs
1. Read the following cartoon and answer the following questions:
Question 1.
What lead to the dissolution of the Soviet Union?
(A) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty at various places
(B) The world economy sunk
(C) Russia emerged as a super power with capitalist democracy
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty at various places
Question 2.
What event officially marked the end of communism in the Soviet Union?
(A) End of Cuban Missile Crisis
(B) Rise of New World Order
(C) The failed August Coup
(D) Rise in US economy
Answer:
(C) The failed August Coup
Explanation:
Last, in the Soviet Union, the failed August Coup in 1991 led to the end of the Communist party in USSR. All of these events led to the end of communism and the making of a democratic Russia.
Question 3.
How was the collapse of the USSR seen by the West?
(A) As an opportunity to colonise Russia.
(B) A victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism.
(C) As the end of communist dominance.
(D) None of the above.
Answer:
(B) A victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism.
Question 4.
How many countries did the Soviet Union disintegrate?
(A) 15
(B) 14
(C) 13
(D) 18
Answer:
(A) 15
II. Study the cartoon given below and answer the following questions:
Question 1.
Which country is represented by this mighty soldier?
(A) Russia
(B) China
(C) USA
(D) Canada
Answer:
(C) USA
Question 2.
Why have the names of so many countries been written on the uniform of the soldier?
(A) It symbolizes the union of these countries.
(B) It symbolizes the colonization of these countries by USA.
(C) USA has invaded these countries.
(D) None of the above.
Answer:
(C) USA has invaded these countries.
Question 3.
What message does this cartoon give to the international community?
(A) It reminds world about the peace and unity.
(B) It urges the world to fight against terrorism.
(C) It urges the need to have military rule over democratic governments.
(D) It conveys that the US is a superpower and has the might to push its interests into any part of the world.
Answer:
(D) It conveys that the US is a superpower and has the might to push its interests into any part of the world.
Explanation:
This cartoon conveys US hegemony as a hard power, where American military dominance today is both absolute and relative.
Question 4.
Which of the countries listed below was never invaded by USA?
(A) Japan
(B) England
(C) Iraq
(D) Afghanistan
Answer:
(B) England
III. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:
A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hard-liners. The people had tasted freedom by then and did not want the old- style rule of the Communist Party. Boris Yeltsin emerged as a national hero in opposing this coup. The Russian Republic, where Yeltsin won a popular election, began to shake off centralised control. Power began to shift from the Soviet centre to the republics, especially in the more Europeanised part of the Soviet Union, which saw themselves as sovereign states.
The Central Asian republics did not ask for independence and wanted to remain with the Soviet Federation. In December 1991, under the leadership of Yeltsin, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, three major republics of the USSR, declared that the Soviet Union was disbanded.
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was banned. Capitalism and democracy were adopted as the bases for the post-Soviet republics. The declaration on the disintegration of the USSR and the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) came as a surprise to the other republics, especially to the Central Asian ones.
The exclusion of these republics was an issue that was quickly solved by making them founding members of the CIS. Russia was now accepted as the successor state of the Soviet Union. It inherited the Soviet seat in the UN Security Council. Russia accepted all the international treaties and commitments of the Soviet Union. It took over as the only nuclear state of the post-Soviet space and carried out some nuclear disarmament measures with the US. The old Soviet Union was thus dead and buried.
Question 1.
Who opposed the coup of 1991?
(A) Mikhail Gorbachev
(B) Post-Soviet republics
(C) Communist party
(D) Boris Yeltsin
Answer:
(D) Boris Yeltsin
Explanation:
Boris Yeltsin denounced the coup and asked the world to help maintain the Soviet Union’s movement towards democracy. Within two days the coup collapsed. One of ? (lie largest public demonstrations in Russian history celebrated the failure of the coup in Moscow.
Question 2.
Which were the three major republics of USSR?
(A) Poland, Cuba, Russia
(B) Sweden, Germany, France
(C) Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
(D) Ukraine, Poland, Sweden
Answer;
(C) Russia, Ukraine, Belarus
Explanation:
The Soviet Union was created by the treaty between the Soviet Socialist Republics of Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, and the Trans Caucasian Federation, by which they became its constituent republics.
Question 3.
Which type of government was adopted by the post-soviet countries?
(A) Socialist
(B) Capitalist and Democratic
(C) Communist Democratic
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) Capitalist and Democratic
Question 4.
Which country became the successor state of the Soviet Union?
(A) Belarus
(B) Ukraine
(C) Central Asian Republics
(D) Russia
Answer:
(D) Russia
Explanation:
With the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, the United States considered the Russian Federation as the successor state of the USSR.
IV. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:
The Soviet Union had become stagnant in an administrative and political sense as well. The Communist Party that had ruled the Soviet Union for over 70 years was not accountable to the people. Ordinary people were alienated by slow and stifling administration, rampant corruption, the inability of the system to correct mistakes it had made, the unwillingness to allow more openness in government, and the centralisation of authority in a vast land. Worse still, the party bureaucrats gained more privileges than ordinary citizens.
People did not identify with the system and with the rulers, and the government increasingly lost popular backing. Gorbachev’s reforms promised to deal with these problems. Gorbachev promised to reform the economy, catch up with the West, and loosen the administrative system.
All this might not have led to the collapse of the Soviet Union but for another development that surprised most observers and indeed many insiders. The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Ukraine, Georgia, and others proved to be the final and most immediate cause for the disintegration of the USSR.
Question 1.
How long the communist party have been ruling Soviet Union?
(A) For sixty eight years
(B) For seventy years
(C) For 82 years
(D) For fifty years
Answer:
(B) For seventy years
Question 2.
What led to the collapse of the Soviet System?
(A) Because of its failure in World War Two
(B) Because people did not identify with the system
(C) Because of its extreme bureaucratic nature
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(C) Because of its extreme bureaucratic nature
Explanation:
The Soviet system became so weak and Soviet economy stagnant due to the following reasons:
(i) The Soviet economy used much of its resources in maintaining nuclear and military arsenals.
(ii) Ordinary citizens became more knowledgeable about the economic advancement of the West and backwardness of Soviet system.
Question 3.
Gorbachev promised to…
(A) Back the people in war and international tensions.
(B) Provide employment and pensions to elder citizens.
(C) To defeat west and become the sole super power.
(D) To reform the economy, catch up with the West, and loosen the administrative system.
Answer:
(D) To reform the economy, catch up with the West, and loosen the administrative system.
Explanation:
Gorbachev’s decision to allow elections with a multi-party system and create a presidency for the Soviet Union began a slow process of democratization that eventually destabilized Communist control and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Question 4.
What was the final and most immediate cause for the disintegration of Soviet Union?
(A) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others.
(B) The rise of extremism and the desire for privatization within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others.
(C) The rise of capitalism and the desire for democratic government within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others.
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(A) The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics, Ukraine, Georgia, and others.
V. Read the following excerpt and answer the questions that follow:
Economist Jeffrey Sachs is widely associated with shock therapy. He developed a plan of shock therapy for post-communist Poland in 1990, for post-communist Russia in 1992, and several other countries, including Bolivia and Chile. Bolivia, in particular, in 1985, had success as a result of shock therapy in ending a period of hyperinflation.
Poland also initially seemed to benefit from shock therapy as inflation was controlled, but it saw a sharp rise in unemployment that peaked at 16.9%. Sachs did not like the term shock therapy, which he said was coined by the media and made the reform process sound more painful than it was.
In Russia, neo- liberal shock therapy did not produce favourable outcomes. Shock therapy was applied swiftly and on a large scale, as opposed to how it was applied in other nations. Almost all of Russia’s industries were undervalued and sold to private individuals and companies, with most acquired by a few Russian oligarchs.
With limited government intervention, most industries disappeared. The Russian currency declined, causing high inflation and the erosion of most citizens’ savings. Unemployment increased drastically, and government subsidies were removed, further pushing Russian families into poverty.
Question 1.
Who developed the plan of the Shock therapy for the post-communist Poland?
(A) Mikhail Gorbachev
(B) Jeffery Sachs
(C) Both of them
(D) None of them
Answer:
(B) Jeffery Sachs
Explanation:
Jeffrey Sachs is widely associated with shock therapy. He developed a plan of shock therapy for post-communist Poland in 1991). ‘
Question 2.
Which country benefited with the Shock therapy in 1985?
(A) Bolivia
(B) Poland
(C) Ukraine
(D) Russia
Answer:
(A) Bolivia
Explanation:
Bolivia, in particular, in 1985, had success as a result of shock therapv in ending a period of hyperinflation. Poland also initially seemed to benefit from shock therapy as inflation was controlled, but it saw a sharp rise in unemployment that peaked at 16.9%.
Question 3.
What happened in Poland after the initial success of the shock therapy?
(A) Rise in the commodity prices
(B) Economy declines
(C) Rise in the unemployment rate
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(C) Rise in the unemployment rate
Question 4.
What was the aftermath of the shock therapy in Russia?
(A) Rise in the economy and in currency value.
(B) Decline in the unemployment rate and boosting economy.
(C) Improvement in people’s income and life style
(D) Decline in the currency, increasing unemployment, high inflation and decrease in people’s incomes.
Answer:
(D) Decline in the currency, increasing unemployment, high inflation and decrease in people’s incomes.
Explanation:
In Russia, the state-controlled industrial sector lost 90% of its industries. The industries were sold to private individuals and companies.