CBSE Class 7

Environment Class 7 Geography Chapter 7 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 7 Environment.

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Class 7 Geography Chapter 7 Extra Questions and Answers Human Environment: Settlement, Transport, and Communication

Human Environment: Settlement, Transport, and Communication Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 7 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What are settlements?
Answer:
Settlements are places where people build their homes.

Question 2.
Where did the early men live?
Answer:
Early men lived on trees and in caves.

Question 3.
What was the important factor which forced early men to make a permanent home?
Answer:
When the early men started to grow crops it became necessary to have a permanent home.

Question 4.
Where were the settlements made by the early men?
Answer:
Early humans grew the settlements near the river valley as water was available and land was fertile.

Question 5.
Name types of settlements.
Answer:
On the basis of nature, settlements may be permanent or temporary. And on the basis of livelihood means, the settlements may be rural or urban settlements.

Question 6.
What are permanent settlements?
Answer:
In the permanent settlements people build homes to live in.

Question 7.
What are temporary settlements?
Answer:
Temporary settlements are those where people live for a short period.

Question 8.
What is compact settlement?
Answer:
A compact settlement is a closely built area of dwellings where flat land is available.

Question 9.
What is scattered settlement? Where is it found?
Answer:
An area where people are settled in a scattered manner over an extensive area. It is found in hilly tracts, near to the thick forests and regions of extreme climate.

Question 10.
Name the materials used in the rural areas for making the houses.
Answer:
In the rural areas materials used are- mud, clay, straw, stones etc.

Question 11.
Which is the largest highway in the world?
Answer:
Manali-Leh highway in the Himalyan Mountains is one of the highest roadways in the world.

Question 12.
Describe the special features of railways.
Answer:
The railways carry heavy goods and people over long distance quickly and cheaply. In our country the railway network is well-developed over the plain areas.

Question 13.
Why is transportation expensive in the airways?
Answer:
Transportation cost is expensive in the airways because of high cost of fuels.

Question 14.
What is transhumance?
Answer:
When people move according to the seasons with the animals in search of new pastures is called transhumance.

Human Environment: Settlement, Transport, and Communication Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 7 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What are the rural settlements?
Answer:
The villages are rural settlements where people are engaged in activities like agriculture, fishing, forestry, crafts work and trading etc. These may be compact or scattered. In the rural settlements, people build houses to suit their environment.

Question 2.
What are the urban settlements?
Answer:
Settlements of town and cities come under the urban settlements. The towns are comparatively small settlements while cities are larger urban settlements. In urban settlements, people are engaged in manufacturing, trading, services etc.

Question 3.
Give the name of various means of transportation.
Answer:
Means of transportation are:

1. Roadways
2. Railways
3. Waterways and
4. Airways.

Question 4.
Give the feature of waterways transportation.
Answer:
Since early days waterways were used for transportation. Waterways are the cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances. They are mainly of two types-inland waterways and sea routes.

Question 5.
Which animals are used for carrying goods in India?
Answer:
In India, animals used to carry goods are:

1. Bullocks
2. Camels
3. Donkeys etc.

Question 6.
What are the natural conditions for the selection of an ideal site?
Answer:

1. Availability of water
2. Fertile soil
3. Favorable climate and
4. Suitable land for making house.

Human Environment: Settlement, Transport, and Communication Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 7 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What is transport? Briefly describe various means of transportation.
Answer:
Transport is the means by which people and goods move. The modes of transport have been changed with the time. In the early age, only animals and carts were used. In present, four major means of transport are used i.e., roadways, railways, waterways and airways. The most commonly used means of transport are Roadways. Roadways are used for short distances.

Manali-Leh highway in the Himalayan Mountains is one of the highest roadways in the world. The railways carry heavy goods and people over long distances quickly and cheaply. The railway network is well-developed over the plain areas. Indian network is well developed and it is the largest in Asia.

Since early days waterways were used for transportation. Waterways are the cheapest for carrying heavy and bulky goods over long distances. They are mainly of two types-inland waterways and sea routes.

Airway is the fastest way of transport developed in the early 20th century. It is the most expensive due to high cost of fuels. Where there is no roads and railways, airways are being used for transportation. For a long-distance, we also use airways.

Question 2.
What do you understand about Communication? Describe briefly.
Answer:
Communication is the process of conveying messages to others. With the development of technology, new and fast modes of communication have developed. In the early age communication was very difficult for tehe distant places.

With the development of postal departments, inland letter was used. For the urgent messages, telegrams were used which were an expensive television became vibrant means of communication.

In the modern age, with the development of inset, internet and mobile, communication has become an important means of communication. Through these means, people can be contacted anywhere in the world even in a few seconds. The world has now become a global society.

Picture Based Questions Class 7 Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport, and Communication

1. Identify the following pictures:
Answer:
1. Compact Settlement
2. Scattered Settlement
3. Metalled Road
4. Unmetalled Road

Map-Based Questions Class 7 Geography Chapter 7 Human Environment: Settlement, Transport, and Communication

Question 1.
On an outline map of the world, mark any ten important seaports including India.
India: 1. Kolkata 2. Mumbai
Pakistan: 3. Karachi
Australia: 4. Darwin
Japan: 5. Tokyo
South America: 6. Rio De Janeiro 7. Santiago 8. Lima
Africa: 9. Dakar 10. Lobito
Answer:

Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 1 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations.

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Class 7 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Eighteenth-Century Political Formations

Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Why had Kanta borrowed money from her employers?
Answer:
Kanta had borrowed money from her employers because she wanted to take her ill daughter to the doctor for the treatment.

Question 2.
What is included in the key elements of a democratic government?
Answer:
The key elements of a democratic government include people’s participation, the resolution of conflict, and equality and justice.

Question 3.
What is the key feature of democracy?
Answer:
Equality is the key feature of democracy and influences all aspects of its functioning.

Question 4.
What do you mean by dignity?
Answer:
Dignity means thinking of oneself and others as worthy of self-respect.

Question 5.
Define Constitution.
Answer:
Almost all democratic countries have their Constitution. It is a document that lays down the basic rules and regulation for the government and people.

Question 6.
Which one is the most common form of inequality in India?
Answer:
One of the most common forms of inequality in India is the caste system.

Question 7.
What is the topic raised by the book ‘Joothan’?
Answer:
The book Joothan is a story of miseries of dalit boy.

Question 8.
What is meant by the term “Dalits”?
Answer:
The term Dalits is used for the so-called lower castes people. Dalit means ‘broken’.

Question 9.
On what basis was Omprakash Valmiki treated unequally?
Answer:
He was treated unequally on the basis of caste.

Question 10.
When was the Civil Rights Act enacted in USA?
Answer:
The Civil Rights Act was enacted in USA in 1964.

Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe about the universal adult franchise.
Answer:
Universal adult franchise is an essential aspect of all democracies. The idea of universal adult franchise is based on the idea of equality because it provides that every adult in a country, irrespective of his wealth and the communities she/he belongs to, has one vote.

Question 2.
Why was Mr Ansari surprised?
Answer:
He was surprised to hear that landlady made an excuse that there is no non-vegetarian resident in the society. Therefore, she could not rent the house to someone who ate meat while there was fish being cooked and smell was spreading around.

Question 3.
Describe about mid-day meal scheme of Government.
Answer:
In addition to laws, the government has also set up several schemes to improve the lives of communities and individuals who have been treated unequally for several centuries including mid-day meal scheme. This scheme was very first time started in the State of Tamil Nadu in the year 2001.

Question 4.
How is Kanta’s life different from her owner?
Answer:
Kanta is a maid working the Jain family. The differences can be listed as below:

1. There are huge differences between both but they vote together.
2. Jain family live in a bungalow while Kanta lives in slum;
3. When any member of Jain family falls ill, they go to a private clinic and do not have to stand in queues while Kanta goes in government hospital and stands long in the queue.
4. Jain family and Kanta both are politically equal but their living is totally different.

Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Explain every person is equal before the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
The Indian Constitution recognizes every person as equal. This means that every individual in the country is recognized equal irrespective of castes, religion, or any background.
This recognition of equality includes some of the provisions in the Constitution:

1. Every person is equal before the law;
2. No person can be discriminated against on the basis of his religion, race, caste, place of birth or whether he/se is female or male;
3. Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops, markets, wells roads and bathing Ghats and
4. Untouchability has been abolished.

Question 2.
Describe the provisions stated in Indian Constitution about equality.
Answer:
The provisions about equality in Indian Constitution are:

1. Every person is equal before the law;
2. No person can be discriminated against on the basis of his religion, race, caste, place of birth or whether he/she is a female or male;
3. Every person has access to all public places including playgrounds, hotels, shops, markets, wells roads and bathing Ghats and
4. Untouchability has been abolished.

Question 3.
How does the government implement the equality?
Answer:
There are several laws in India that protect every person’s right to be treated equally. There are two ways whereby the government tries to implement the equality:

1. through laws; and
2. through government programmes or schemes to help disadvantaged communities.

How the State Government Works Class 7 Civics Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 3 How the State Government Works.

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Class 7 Civics Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers How the State Government Works

How the State Government Works Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 3 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
At how many levels does the government work?
Answer:
Government works at three levels-local, state and national.

Question 2.
Who represents the people of an area?
Answer:
MLA of the area represents the people.

Question 3.
Who elects the MLAs?
Answer:
MLA (Member of the Legislative Assembly)is elected by the people of constituency.

Question 4.
On which level are Legislative Assemblies formed?
Answer:
Legislative Assemblies are formed at State level.

Question 5.
What do you understand about independent candidate?
Answer:
Independent candidates are those who contest election without support of any party.

Question 6.
What is meant by party candidate?
Answer:
Party candidates are those who contest in the elections by the parties on their symbol.

Question 7.
What does majority means?
Answer:
A political party whose MLAs win more than half the number of constituencies in a state can be said to be in a majority.

Question 8.
What do you understand about ruling party?
Answer:
Ruling party is that which makes the government.

Question 9.
How do Chief Minister and ministers get elected?
Answer:
The MLAs belonging to the ruling party elect their leader who becomes the chief minister. The chief minister then selects other people as ministers.

Question 10.
Who approve the decision of the Legislative Assembly?
Answer:
The decisions taken in the Legislative Assembly have to be approved by the members of the Legislative assembly on the basis of majority.

How the State Government Works Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 3 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How is the government formed in the state?
Answer:
A political party whose MLAs have won more than half the number of constituencies in a state can said to be in a majority. The majority of a single party or groups of parties together
can form government.

Question 2.
What is the role of Governor in the State?
Answer:
It is responsibility of Governor to ensure ruling by the ruling party as per constitution. Apart from this, the Governor of the state appoints the chief minister and on the advice of chief minister the other ministers. The Governor is considered as a patron of the constitution.

Question 3.
What do you understand about ‘Legislative Assembly’?
Answer:
A Legislative Assembly is a place where all the MLAs meet to discuss various issues. They express their opinions and ask the questions related to the issue or give suggestions. The concern minister then replies to the questions and tries to assure the Assembly that adequate steps are being taken.

Question 4.
How does the government implement its plan?
Answer:
The government takes action through various departments like the Public Works Department (PWD), the Agriculture Department, the Health Department, the Education Department and so on. Ministers are head of these departments, who are also member of the Legislative Assembly and elected by the people.

Question 5.
How does government form committees?
Answer:
On any matter, which affect at large, government may form a committee. After looking at various aspects of the problem or issue in detail, the committee submits its report to the government. Government may adopt it as a whole or partially. Accordingly, the action is taken on report of the committee.

Question 6.
What are the key works of a government?
Answer:
The main work of the government is to implement its laws, rules, regulations and policies made in various fields. The government may amend, modify the laws, rules, regulations and policies or can make new ones, so that an effective system may run and most of the people can get the benefit of government policies.

How the State Government Works Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 3 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What is an opposition? How does opposition play its role in the Assembly?
Answer:
All members who do not support or participate in the government is called opposition. The role of opposition party in India is as important as that of the ruling party. The role of opposition party is not to oppose every decision of the ruling party. Rather, it is the duty of the opposition party to support the ruling party for the acts that are in the interest of the nation.

Members of opposition roles can be enlisted as under:

1. The opposition ensures that the ruling political parties have a definite programme and policy to offer to the people and who can show progressive path by action and not just by propaganda.
2. The opposition’s role is to question the government and hold them accountable to the public.
3. The opposition carefully watches on the activities of the government, if there is any discrimination,
4. Concentrating on the issues that matter.

Question 2.
Briefly describe the ways through which views are expressed.
Answer:
In a democracy, there are various ways through which people express their views. Not only in the Legislative Assembly but also the TV channels, newspapers, periodicals and other organizations regularly discuss about the government functioning, policies etc.

Organization of ‘press conference’ is also a medium to express about the policies and functioning of a department or ministry of government. In a ‘press conference’ a press note is issued to the print and electronic media for the wide circulation to the mass.

Inside Our Earth Class 7 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 2 Inside Our Earth.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography Chapter 2 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Inside Our Earth

Inside Our Earth Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 2 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Why is the earth called a dynamic planet?
Answer:
The earth is called a dynamic planet because movements, forces etc., constantly act inside and outside the earth.

Question 2.
Name the uppermost layer of earth.
Answer:
The uppermost layer of earth is called crust.

Inside Our Earth Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 2 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Into how many types the layers of the earth is divided?
Answer:
The earth consists of three layers:

1. Core (inner core and outer core)
2. Mantle (upper and lower mantle)
3. Crust (continental and oceanic crust)

Question 2.
What do you understand about uppermost layer of the earth? Briefly describe.
Answer:
The uppermost layer over the earth’s surface is called the crust. It is the thinnest layer and its depth is about 40km, and its range is about 35km on the continental masses and only 5 km, on the ocean floors.

Question 3.
How is a sedimentary rock made?
Answer:
Rocks roll down, crack, and hit each other and are broken down into small fragments. These smaller particles are called sediments. These sediments form sedimentary rocks.

Question 4.
What are extrusive igneous rocks? Give an example.
Answer:
When the molten lava comes on the earth’s surface, it rapidly cools down and becomes solid. Rocks formed in such a way on the crust are called extrusive igneous rocks. They have a very fine-grained structure. The Deccan plateau is the example that is made up of basalt rocks.

Question 5.
What are intrusive igneous rocks? Give an example.
Answer:
Sometimes the molten magma cools down deep inside the earth’s crust. Solid rocks so formed are called intrusive igneous rocks. Since they cool down slowly they form large grains. Granite is an example of such a rock. For grinding of spices and grains, the stones used are of granite.

Inside Our Earth Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 2 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe the Rock cycle.
Answer:
In a cyclic manner one type of rock changes into another type. As we already learnt when the molten magma cools, it solidifies to become igneous rock. These igneous rocks are broken down into small particles that are transported and deposited to form sedimentary rocks.

When the igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to heat and pressure they change into metamorphic rocks. The metamorphic rocks which are under great heat and pressure melt down and form molten magma. This molten magma again can cool down and solidify into igneous rocks.

The Rock cycle can be understood and expressed by cycle as shown below:

Question 2.
Describe various types of rocks.
Answer:
Rocks are of three types, which can be described as under:
(i) Igneous rocks: When the molten magma cools, it becomes solid. Rocks thus formed are called igneous rocks. They are also called primary rocks. Igneous rocks further can be divided into two types- intrusive and extrusive rocks.
(a) Intrusive igneous rocks: Sometimes the molten magma cools down deep inside the earth’s crust. Solid rocks so formed are called intrusive igneous rocks.
(b) Extrusive igneous rocks: When molten lava comes on the earth’s surface, it rapidly cools down and becomes solid. Rocks formed in such a way on the crust are called extrusive igneous rocks.

(ii) Sedimentary rocks: When rocks roll down, crack, and hit each other and are broken down into small fragments, these smaller particles are called sediments. These sediments are transported and deposited by wind, water etc. These loose sediments are compressed and hardened to form layers of rocks. These types of rocks are called sedimentary rocks.

(iii) Metamorphic rocks: Igneous and sedimentary rocks can change into metamorphic rocks under great heat and pressure. For example, clay changes into slate and limestone into marble.

Picture Based Questions Class 7 Geography Chapter 2 Inside Our Earth

Question 1.
Draw a structure of the interior of the earth
Answer:

Towns, Traders, and Craftsperson Class 7 History Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST History Chapter 6 Towns, Traders, and Craftsperson.

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Class 7 History Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Towns, Traders, and Craftsperson

Towns, Traders, and Craftsperson Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 6 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Why was Thanjavur famous?
Answer:
Thanjavur was famous because it was capital of the Cholas dynasty.

Question 2.
Name the river which was flowed near Thanjavur.
Answer:
Kaveri river flowed near the town Thanjavur.

Question 3.
Who built Raj arajeshvara temple?
Answer:
Rajarajeshvara temple built by King Rajaraja Chola.

Question 4.
Name the activities held by the king in the towns.
Answer:
Kings held court in mandaps, issuing orders to their subordinates. There are also barracks for the army.

Question 5.
What were the market activities in towns?
Answer:
The towns were bustling with markets selling grains, spices, cloth and jewellery.

Question 6.
How did water get supplied in the town?
Answer:
Water was supplied in the town from wells and tanks.

Question 7.
Name the places which were famous for producing cloth.
Answer:
Thanjavur and the nearby town Uraiyur were famous for producing cloth.

Question 8.
What was the use of clothes in the temples?
Answer:
The cloth was used in the temples as flags.

Question 9.
Which kind of cotton was used by the kings?
Answer:
Fine cotton was used by the kings.

Question 10.
What do you mean by the ‘pattern of urbanization’?
Answer:
Pattern of urbanization is a process by which cities are developed.

Question 11.
Why were temples built by the kings?
Answer:
Kings built temples to demonstrate their devotion to various deities.

Question 12.
Name the capital of the Chauhan reign.
Answer:
Ajmer was the capital of the Chauhan reign.

Question 13.
Who was Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti?
Answer:
Khwaja Muinuddin Chishti was a famous Sufi Saint settled in Ajmer.

Question 14.
Name the communities which were included in the Gujarati traders.
Answer:
Gujarati traders, included the communities of Hindu Baniyas and Muslim Bohras.

Question 15.
What did Gujarati traders use to sell?
Answer:
They sold textiles and spices.

Question 16.
Which spices were grown in the tropical climates?
Answer:
Spices such as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, dried ginger etc., grown in tropical climates.

Question 17.
Why were craftspersons of Bidar so famous?
Answer:
The craftspersons of Bidar were so famed for their inlay work in copper and silver.

Question 18.
What is Bidri?
Answer:
Inlay work on metal of‘Bidar’ craftspersons is called ‘Bidri’.

Question 19.
When did Hampi fall into ruin?
Answer:
Hampi fell into ruin following the defeat of Vijayanagara in 1565 by the Deccani Sultans.

Question 20.
Name the city which was gateway for trade with West Asia via the Gulf of Ormuz.
Answer:
Surat was the gateway for trade with West Asia via the Gulf of Ormuz.

Question 21.
Which city was called the gate to Mecca, and why?
Answer:
Surat was called gate to Mecca because many pilgrims used this place to visit Mecca.

Question 22.
What were the facilities available in Surat?
Answer:
There were rest-houses, magnificent buildings and innumerable pleasure parks.

Question 23.
Who had banking houses at Surat?
Answer:
The Kathiawad seths or mahajans had huge banking houses at Surat.

Question 24.
What was importance of Hundis in Surat?
Answer:
Surat hundis were honoured in the far-off markets of Cairo in Egypt, Basra in Iraq and Antwerp in Belgium.

Question 25.
When did Surat begin to decline?
Answer:
Surat began to decline towards the end of the 17th century.

Towns, Traders, and Craftsperson Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 6 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What were the functions of the medieval town?
Answer:
Medieval town combined several functions-they were administrative centres, temple towns, as well as centres of commercial activities and craft production.

Question 2.
Why did the Kings donate land and money to the temples?
Answer:
Kings donated land and money to the temples to carry out elaborate rituals, feed pilgrims and priests and celebrate festivals.

Question 3.
How were temple towns grown?
Answer:
Temple authorities used their wealth to finance trade and banking. Gradually a large number of priests, workers, artisans, traders etc., settled near the temple to cater to its needs and those of the pilgrims and thus grew temple towns.

Question 4.
Which cities or towns were developed around the temples?
Answer:
Bhillasvamin (Madhya Pradesh), Somnath (Gujarat), Kanchipuram, Tiruvannamalai and Madurai (Tamil Nadu), Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh), Vrindavan (Uttar Pradesh) etc., towns were developed around the temples.

Question 5.
What do you understand by ‘temple towns’?
Answer:
Temple towns are settlements where towns are famous for existence of temple. In these towns people mainly gather to demonstrate their devotion.

Question 6.
Why did samanta or zamindars build the temples?
Answer:
Samanta or zamindars built the temples to charge taxes on traders, artisans and articles of trade and sometimes ‘donated’ the ‘right’ to collect these taxes to local temples, which had been built by them-selves.

Question 7.
In which form were the taxes collected during the period? Name some of the items which were covered under tax.
Answer:
Taxes were collected in kind or in cash. Taxes were levied on sugar and jaggery, dyes, thread, cotton, on coconuts, salt, butter, seasame oil, on cloth, metal goods, distillers, cattle fodder and on loads of grain.

Question 8.
What items were brought by Gujarati traders?
Answer:
Gujarati traders brought:

• Gold and ivory from Africa and
• Spices, tin, Chinese blue pottery and silver from Southeast Asia and China.

Question 9.
What were the works performed by the Vishwakarma community?
Answer:
The Vishwakarma community, consisting of goldsmiths, bronzesmiths, blacksmiths, masons and carpenters were essential to the construction of buildings of temples, palaces, big buildings, tanks and reservoirs.

Question 10.
Name the works performed by the weavers.
Answer:
Weavers such as the Saliyar or Kaikkolars perfomed cloth making like cotton cleaning, spinning and dyeing and became specialized and independent crafts.

Question 11.
What was main feature of Surat port at that time?
Answer:
In 17th century there were many factories and warehouses at Surat. On an average a hundred ships of different countries could be found at the port at any time.

Question 12.
Describe the cotton textiles in Surat during 17th century.
Answer:
In the Surat, there were several retail and wholesale shops selling cotton textiles. The textiles of Surat were famous for their gold lace borders (zari) and had a market in West Asia, Africa and Europe.

Question 13.
What attracted the Europeans?
Answer:
Spices such as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, dried ginger etc., became an important part of European cooking and they were also attracted towards cotton cloth.

Question 14.
What were the reasons for decline of Surat?
Answer:
This was because of two main reasons:

• The loss of markets and productivity because of the decline of the Mughal Empire
• Headquarters of East India Company shifted to Bombay.

Rulers and Buildings Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 6 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Write a note on Hampi including its construction, commercial and cultural activities.
Answer:
Hampi is located in the Krishna-Tungabhadra basin, which formed the nucleus of the Vijayanagara Empire, founded in 1336. It is a well-fortified city. No mortar or cementing agent was used in the construction of these walls and technique followed was to wedge them together by interlocking.

Hampi was a busy place with commercial and cultural activities. Moors (Muslim merchants), Chettis and European traders joined the markets of Hampi.

Devadasis performed before the deity, royalty and masses in the Virupaksha (a form of Shiva) temple. The Mahanavami festival (now known as Navaratri) was one of the most important festivals celebrated at Hampi. King also participated in the Mahanavami festival and received guests and accepted tribute from subordinate chiefs.

Question 2.
How were the large villages developed in towns?
Answer:
Gradually, the large villages developed in towns. Once a big temple or Saint etc., was established, the devotees started together and stay there. The priest, workers, artisans, handicraftsmen, flower sellers, traders etc., settled near the temple to cater the needs of devotees or pilgrims. Thus, gradually towns were developed.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Masulipatnam.
Answer:
The town of Masulipatnam lay on the delta of the Krishna river. In the 17th century, it was a centre of intense activity. Both the Dutch and English East India Companies attempted to control Masulipatnam as it became the most important port on the Andhra coast.

The fort at Masulipatnam was built by the Dutch. Various trading groups-the Golconda nobles, Persian Merchants, Telugu Komati Chettis, and European traders made the city populous and prosperous.

Question 4.
What was importance of craftspersons in building the temples?
Answer:
The craftspersons of Bidar were so famed for their inlay work in copper and silver that it came to be called Bidri. The Panchalas or Vishwakarma community, consisting of goldsmiths, bronze-smiths, blacksmiths, masons and carpenters, were essential to the building of temples.

The also played an important role in the construction of palaces, big buildings, tanks and reservoirs. Similarly, weavers such as the Saliyar or Kaikkolars emerged as prosperous communities, making donations to temples.

Question 5.
Describe the activities which were performed at Surat.
Answer:
Surat (Gujarat) was the emporium of western trade during the Mughal period along with Cambay |(Khambat) and somewhat later, Ahmedabad. Surat was the gateway for trade with West Asia via the Gulf of Ormuz. Surat has also been called the gate to Mecca because many pilgrims used this place for sailing to Mecca.

In the Surat city, there was cosmopolitan culture and people of all castes and creeds lived there. In 17th century, there were many factories and warehouses at Surat. On an average a hundred ships of different countries could be found at the port at any time.

In the Surat, there were several retail and wholesale shops selling cotton textiles. The textiles of Surat were famous for their gold lace borders (zari) and had a market in West Asia, Africa and Europe. There were rest-houses, magnificent buildings and innumerable pleasure parks.

Map-Based Questions Class 7 History Chapter 6 Towns, Traders, and Craftsperson

Question 1.
Indicate the following places in the map:

1. Masulipatnam
2. Hampi
3. Surat
4. Bidar
5. Thanjavur
6. Kanchipuram

Answer: