Class 9 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions Democracy in the Contemporary

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CBSE Class 9 Civics Chapter 6 Extra Questions Democracy in the Contemporary Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 6 Democracy in the Contemporary.

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Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 1 Democracy in the Contemporary World

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

Question 1.
In which continent is Chile located?
Answer:
Chile is located in South America.

Question 2
Who was the President of Chile before the military coup was staged?
Answer:
Salvador Allende was the President of Chile before the miltary coup was staged.

Question 3
Name the party founded by Salvador Allende in Chile?
Answer:
The Socialist Party of Chile was founded by Salvador Allende.

Question 4.
When did Allende become the President of Chile?
Answer:
Allende became the President of Chile in 1970.

Question 5.
What were the policy decisions of President Allende other than works for poors and workers?
Answer:
Other decisions were:

(a) Reform of the educational system.
(b) He was opposed to foreign companies taking away natural resources like copper from the country.

Question 6.
Name the sections of society who were opposed to Allende’s policy?
Answer:
The landlords, the rich and the Church were opposed to Allende’s policies.

Question 7.
What is meant by coup?
Answer:
A coup is the sudden overthrow of the government illegally. It may be violent in nature.

Question 8.
When did the coup against the President of Chile take place?
Answer:
The coup against the President of Chile took place on 11th September 1973.

Question 9.
What was the fate of President Allende?
Answer:
The military surrounded the Presidents house and started bombing it. President Allende died in the military attack.

Question 10.
What happened to the Allende’s government? ‘ ‘
Answer:
Allende’s government, which was elected by people was overthrown by the military through conspiracy and violence.

Question 11.
Who overthrew President Allende’s government?
Answer:
General Augusto Pinochet overthrew President Allende’s government.

Question 12.
For how many years did Pinochet rule Chile?
Answer:
Augusto Pinochet ruled Chile for 17 years.

Question 13.
What do you mean by military dictatorship in Chile?
Answer:
From an elected government power was shifted to officers of military. Military dictatorship means military could do what they wanted. No one could question their action.

Question 14.
How did Pinochet’s government treat the supporters of Salvador Allende?
Answer:
Pinochet’s government tortured and killed several of those who supported Allende and those who wanted democracy to be restored.

Question 15.
What was the result of the referendum held in 1988?
Answer:
As a result of referendum held in 1988, Pinochet lost his political and military powers.

Question 16.
Which hope was expressed by Allende in his last address?
Answer:
Allende expressed that felony, cowardice and treason were finally punished. His hope was realised after referendum.

Question 17.
Who was Michelle Bachelet?
Answer:
Michelle Bachelet was the daughter of General Alberto Bachelet, the Chilean Air Force officer, who was tortured and killed by Pinochet’s government. She was a moderate socialist who became the President of Chile in 2006.

Question 18.
What was the significance of Polish United Workers’ Party?
Answer:
The party was one of the many communist parties that ruled in several countries of East Europe.

Question 19.
How was the USSR government assossiated with government of Poland?
Answer:
Soviet Union (USSR) government, which was a vast and powerful communist state, was supporting and controlling the government of Poland.

Question 20.
When did and by whom a strike happened in the city of Gdansk, Poland?
Answer:
On 14 August 1980, the workers of Lenin shipyard in the city of Gdansk, Poland went on a strike.

Question 21.
What was the first demand of the striking workers in Poland?
Answer:
The first demand was to take back a crane operator, a woman, who was unjustly dismissed from service.

Question 22.
Why was the strike illegal?
Answer:
The strike was illegal because in Poland, as being a communist state trade unions independent of the ruling party were not allowed.

Question 23.
Who was the leader of the striking workers? Why was he dismissed?
Answer:
Lech Walesa, was the leader of the striking workers. He was dismissed for demanding higher pay in 1976.

Question 24.
What were the demands of the striking workers?
Answer:
The demands were-right to form independent trade unions, release of political prisoners, end of press censorship.

Question 25.
How did the strike end in Poland?
Answer:
The strike ended when the workers led by Walesa signed a 21-point agreement with the government.

Question 26.
Name the first independent trade union formed in a communist country?
Answer:
The first independent trade union in any communist country was Solidarity.

Question 27.
What actions were taken by Jaruzelski government during martial lqw?
Answer:
During martial law, thousands of Solidarity workers were imprisoned and freedom to organise, protest and express opinion was taken away.

Question 28.
Why did Solidarity strike again?
Answer:
Solidarity organised the second strike in 1988 against revelations of widespread corruption, and mismanagement in the government under General Jaruzelski, and imposition of martial law.

Question 29.
What was the economic condition of Poland when second strike was organised by Solidarity?
Answer:
The Polish economy was on the decline, the government was weak and there was uncertainity in
support from the Soviet Union.

Question 30.
Who became the President of Poland in 1990?
Answer:
Lech Walesa became the President of Poland in 1990.

Question 31.
Which form of government is found in most countries of the world?
Answer:
Democracy is the form of government found in most countries of the world.

Question 32.
Mention a similarity between Pinochet’s rule in Chile and communist rule in Poland.
Answer:
These governments were non-democratic in nature.

Question 33.
What do you mean by democracy?
Answer:
Democracy is a form of government that allows people to choose their rulers.

Question 34.
List two features of democracy.
Answer:
The two features of democracy are:

  1. Only representatives elected by the people should rule the country.
  2. People have the freedom to express their views, to organise themselves and to protest.

Question 35.
Around what demands struggles for democracy centered during the nineteenth century?
Answer:
Political equality, freedom and justice were the demands.

Question 36.
What was the major demand of struggles in the nineteenth century.
Answer:
The major demand was the right for every adult citizen to vote.

Question 37.
What do you mean by Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
Every citizen of 18 years and above has the right to vote under Universal Adult Franchise.

Question 38.
Name the only country to have granted Universal Adult Franchise till the year 1990.
Answer:
New Zealand was the first country which granted Universal Adult Franchise in 1893.

Question 39.
In which year was Universal Adult Franchise introduced in India?
Answer:
In India, Universal Adult Franchise was introduced in 1950, the year when the new Constitution was put into force.

Question 40.
Give an example of colonialism.
Answer:
Most Asian and African countries were colonised by European countries.

Question 41.
Which country was known as Gold Coast?
Answer:
Ghana in west Africa, a British colony, was known as Gold Coast.

Question 42.
Name the first African country to gain independence.
Answer:
The first African country to gain independence was Ghana.

Question 43.
Who was the First Prime Minister of Ghana after independence in 1957?
Answer:
Kwame Nkrumah became the first Prime Minister of Ghana after its independence.

Question 44.
Why was there a big push towards democracy after 1980?
Answer:
After 1980, there was a big push towards democracy because in several countries of Latin America democracy was revived and several countries after gaining independence chose to become democracies.

Question 45.
In which year did the Soviet Union disintegrate into 15 Republics?
Answer:
In 1991, Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 Republics,

Question 46.
What caused a big change in the political map of the world?
Answer:
The end of Soviet control on Eastern Europe and the break up of the Soviet Union led to a big change in the political map of the world.

Question 47.
Name the country which emerged as a democratic republic after abolishing monarchy.
Answer:
Nepal.

Question 48.
When and how did Myanmar become a democracy?
Answer:
Myanmar became a democracy in 1948 and it ended with a military rule.

Question 49.
Which leader of Myanmar got the Nobel Peace Prize?
Answer:
Aung San Suu Kyi got the Nobel Peace Prize.

Question 50.
What is the United Nations Organisation?
Answer:
United Nations Organisation is a global association of nations of the world to help cooperation in international law, security, economic development and social equity.

Question 51.
Who is the chief administrative officer of the UNO?
Answer:
The United Nations Secretary General is the chief administrative officer of the UNO.

Question 52.
Which organ of the UN is responsible for maintaining peace and security among countries?
Answer:
The UN Security Council is responsible for maintaining peace and security among countries.

Question 53.
Name the UN organ, which lends money to governments when they need.
Answer:
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) lends money to governments.

Question 54.
List the powers of UN Security Council.
Answer:
It can put together an international army and take action against the wrongdoers.

Question 55.
What is the limitation of the General Assembly?
Answer:
General Assembly cannot take any decision about what action should be taken to solve a conflict between different countries.

Question 56.
What is the term period of ten temperory member of UN security council? How are they elected?
Answer:
The term is 2 years and they are elected by General Assembly.

Question 57.
What is Veto power?
Answer:
When any of the five permanent members of the Security Council says no to the decision of the Security Council, the council cannot take the decision.

Question 58.
Name the leader of Iraq who became President after the success of a military coup.
Answer:
Saddam Hussein became the President of Iraq after the success of military rule.

Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks]

Question 59.
What steps were taken by Salvador Allende to help the poor and the workers? [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
Salvador Allende was the founder leader of the Socialist Party of Chile. He led the Popular Unity
coalition to victory in the 1970 elections, was appointed the President.
The three reforms which he undertook to help the poor and the workers were:

  1.  Reforming the education system.
  2.  Free milk for children.
  3.  Redistribution of land to landless farmers.

Question 60.
State any three major incidents which took place in Chile after the military coup of September
1973. [CBSE 2012]
Answer:
On 11th September 1973, a military coup was established in Chile under the leadership of General Augusto Pinochet.
The major incidents took place in Chile under the leadership of General Augusto were:

  1. A military dictatorship was established.
  2. Pinochet’s government tortured and killed those who supported’democracy and opposed him.
  3. More than 3,000 men were killed by military.
  4. General Bachelet’s wife and daughter were imprisoned and tortured. (any three)

Question 61.
Can Chile under Pinochet’s rule be called a democracy? Support your answer with three arguments.
[CBSE 2012] [HOTS]
Answer:
General Augusto Pinochet’s rule in Chile cannot be called a democracy because of the following reasons.

  1. There was no representation in the administration of those elected by the people. All were controled by Pinochet.
  2. There was no election or Universal Adult Franchise. Chile was ruled by military for 17 years.
  3. There was no real freedom to express one’s opinion—to form political associations, organise protests or undertake any political action in Chile. More than 3,000 men were killed, many more went missing.

Question 62.
Describe any three demands of the workers of Lenin shipyard during their strike which started in August 1980 in Poland. [CBSE 2012, 2014] [HOTS]
Answer:
On 14th August, 1980, the workers of Lenin shipyard in the city of Gdansk went on strike.
The following were their main demands:

  1.  They wanted the crane operator, a woman worker who was unjustly dismissed from service, to be taken back.
  2. They wanted to form independent trade unions.
  3. They demanded the release of political prisoners.
  4. They also demanded an end to press censorship. (any three)

Question 63.
Who was Lech Walesa? How did he become famous in Poland? [CBSE 2010]
Answer:

  1. Lech Walesa was an electrician at the Lenin shipyard in the city of Gdansk in Poland. He
    became famous for his struggle against the ruling communist government. He dismissed from service in 1976, for demanding higher pay. Later he joined the strike of Lenin shipyard.
  2. Very soon Walesa emerged as the leader of the striking workers. Initially, the strike was started with a demand to take back a crane operator, a women worker, who was unjustly dismissed.
  3. Later, the strike to spread across the whole city. Now the workers wanted the right to form independent trade unions, release of political prisoners and an end to press censorship of the press. Later Walesa formed Solidarity, the first independent trade union in Poland.

Question 64.
What was the Gdansk agreement?
Answer:

  1. The Gdansk agreement was a 21-point agreement that took place between the workers led by
    Lech Walesa and the government. The workers’ strike ended with this agreement.
  2. The government agreed to recognise the workers’ right to form independent trade unions and the right to strike. worse for the rulers. The government under General Jaruzelski became anxious and imposed martial law
  3. After this agreement was signed a new trade union called Solidarity was formed. It was the first time an independent trade union was formed in a communist country.

Question 65.
What were the reasons that led to the imposition of martial law in Poland under General Jaruzelski?
[CBSE 2011]
Answer:
The reasons which led to the imposition of martial law in Poland were:

  1. The workers’ movement under Lech Walesa demanded release of political prisoners, they also demanded the right to form independent trade unions and end of the press censorship.
  2. Solidarity, the first independent trade union, was formed in a communist state. Soon it swept across Poland and had about one crore members.
  3. Revelations of widespread corruption and mismanagement in the government made matters

 

Question 66.
Distinguish between Pinochet’s rule in Chile and the Communist rule in Poland.
Answer:

Pinochet’s Chile

Communist rule in Poland

(a) Chile ruled by a dictator was

(b) Pinochet never made any claims.

(a) Poland ruled by a political party i.e. Polish Workers’ party.

(b) Government of Poland claimed the it ruled on behalf of the working classes.

Question 67.
Mention the main features of democracy. [HOTS]
Answer:
The main features of democracy are as follows:

  1. Democracy is a form of government that allows people to choose their rulers.
  2. Only elected leaders rule the country in a democracy. –
  3. People have the freedom to express their views, form political associations and to organise protests and political action.

Question 68.
How did Britain progressed toward the democracy?
Answer:
Britain’s progress towards democracy was started earlier than that of France but it was very slow. The powers of monarchy were reduced. The right to vote was granted to more and more people. It granted right to vote on the basis of universal adult franchise in 1928.

Question 69.
Why did Kwame Nkrumah become unpopular? What was its consequence?
Answer:
Ghana was a British colony in West Africa named Gold Coast. It became independent in 1957. Kwame Nkrumah, was the son of a goldsmith. He was a teacher. But he got himself elected president for life. He was overthrown by military. Ghana thus came into the lap of undemocratic rule.

Question 70.
When did undemocratic rule end in Myanmar? What happened there in 1990? What were its results?
[HOTS]
Answer:
Myanmar gained freedom from colonial rule in 1948 and became a democracy. But the democratic rule could not last long. In 1962, it came to an end through a military coup. In 1990, elections were held and the National League for Democracy led by Aung San Suu Kyi won the elections. But the military leaders refused to step down. They did not recognise the election and put Aung San Suu Kyi and other pro-democracy leaders under house arrest. Political activists and others, who were caught giving their views or issuing statements against the military regime, were jailed and sentenced up to twenty years in prison.

Question 71.
Write a short note on Aung San Suu Kyi.
Answer:
Myanmar got independence in 1948 and became a democracy. But in 1962 there was a military coup. In 1990, elections were held in Myanmar after 30 years and National League for Democracy (NLD) led by Aung San Suu Kyi won the election. But the military leaders did not recognise the election results and refused to step down.

Aung San Suu Kyi was put under house arrest for many years. She has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for she continued her fight for democracy and human rights. Finally, under her leadership, the NLD fought the historic 2015 elections and a democratic republic was established.

Question 72.
What is International Monetary Fund? Is it based on democratic provisions?
Answer:
International Monetary Fund is one of the biggest moneylenders for any country in the world. This organisation with 189 members is not based on democratic provisions.

  1. These countries did not have equal voting rights. More than 40% of voting power were given to only seven countries i.e. US, Japan, France, UK, Germany, Italy and Canada.
  2. Rest of the 182 countries hardly have any say in its working.

Question 73.
Which country has recently taken the task of promotion of democracy in the rest of the world? Should existing democracies directly intervene in countries that are non-democratic to establish democracy there? Write your opinion in brief. .
Answer:
The United States of America has recently taken the task of promotion of democracy in the rest of the world.
Promoting the values of democracy in the world is a good thing. But it is not good to establish democracy in a non-democratic country by force. For example, in Iraq the same thing happened. The US and its allies invaded Iraq in 2003 for establishing democracy there. In my opinion such an intervention is not appreciated. External force does not help until and unless the people of the country themselves are engaged in a struggle against their government to make it democratic.

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks]

Question 74.
List down the contribution of Salvador Allende in Chile.
Answer:

  1. Salvador Allende was the founder leader of Socialist Party of Chile who led the Popular Unity coalition in the Presidential elections of 1970.
  2. After becoming the President, Aliende took several policy decisions to help the poor and the workers.
    (i) Reforms of educational system
    (ii) Free milk for children
    (iii) Redistribution of land to the landless farmers.
  3. The rich, the landlords and the Church all were opposed to his policies as these did not favour them. He was against foreign companies who were taking away natural resources like copper from Chile.

Question 75.
Mention the major developments took place in India’s neighbour in recent years.
Answer:
Developments in Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal were:

  1. In the 1990’s Pakistan and Bangladesh made a shift from army rule to democracy.
  2. In Nepal the king gave up his powers to become a constitutional monarch who would be guided by elected representatives.
  3. These changes were not permanent e.g.
    • In 1999, General Musharraf instilled military rule in Pakistan.
    • In 2005, the king dismissed the elected government and took back the political freedom and imposed his rule in Nepal.
  4.  But, in 2008, Pakistan became democratic again and Nepal emerged as a democratic republic after abolishing the monarchy.

Question 76.
Democracy has expanded through the 20th century. Explain with examples. [CBSE 2010; HOTS]
Answer:
Democracy has expanded through the 20th century because people consider democracy as the best form of government.

The following examples support the above statement.

  1. Chile, a country which was democratic till September 1973, was overthrown by a military dictator called Augusto Pinochet in a coup. After ruling for 17 years the military was overthrown in a referendum and democracy was restored.
  2. In Poland, the situation was similar when the communist government was replaced by military rule with martial law in force. But in 1990, this was replaced by democratic rule.
  3. In 1991, the Soviet Union broke down into 15 Republics which emerged as democracies.
  4. At the beginning of the 20th century, only a handful of the governments were democratic. By 2016, about 140 governments were democratically elected.
  5. More than 80 previously non-democratically countries have made significant advance towards democracy since 1980.

Question 77.
Why is there a demand that the UN should be more democratic? [HOTS]
Answer:
There is a demand that the UN should be more democratic because of the following reasons.

  1. Even enough the total strength of the UN Security Council is 15, only 5 permanent members— US, Russia, UK, France and China—have the veto power, which means that the council cannot take any decision if any permanent member says ‘no’ to the decision.
  2. More than 40% of the voting power in the International Monetary Fund is in the hands of only seven countries, which have contributed the most to the IMF. The remaining 182 countries hardly have any say in decision-making.
  3. The President of the World Bank has always been a US citizen, conventionally nominated by the Finance Minister of the US.
  4. The decisions of the UN reflect western values and culture. It should encourage representation
    from Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean islands.
  5. The permanent members, especially the US, contribute most of its money needed for the maintenance of the UNO, thereby dominating the proceedings.

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