Migration: Types, Causes and Consequences Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers
Migration Class 12 MCQ Chapter 2 Question 1.
The term which is used to describe any influencing factor that motivates people to leave their place of residence or origin is known as :
(A) push factors
(B) pull factors
(C) loose factors
(D) pluck factors
Answer:
(A) push factors
Explanation:
Push factors are conditions in migrants1 home countries that make it difficult or even impossible to live there.
Migration Types Causes And Consequences MCQ Class12 Question 2.
The term which is used to describe factors that attract people to a country, region, religion, organization, etc is known as :
(A) migration
(B) immigration
(C) pull factor
(D) emigration
Answer:
(C) pull factor
Explanation:
Pull Factors are positive aspects that attract people to move to a place.
Migration MCQ Class 12 Chapter 2 Question 3.
Movement from one place to another, usually a response to change in temperature, food, occupation opportunities is known as
(A) migration
(B) immigration
(C) emigration
(D) journey
Answer:
(A) migration
Explanation:
Migration involves the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location.
Migration Types Causes And Consequences Class 12 MCQ Question 4.
predominate the rural-to-urban stream of inter-state migration due to economic reasons.
(A) Children
(B) Women
(C) Men
(D) Government
Answer:
(C) Men
Explanation:
During the distribution of male and female migrants in different streams of intra-state and inter-state migration, females predominate the streams of short distance rural to rural migration in both types of migration.
Class 12 Geography Migration MCQ Chapter 2 Question 5.
The state which receives a very significant amount from their international migrants are :
(A) Goa
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Punjab
(D) erala
Answer:
(C) Punjab
Explanation:
The rate of out migration from rural areas to foreign countries is more in Punjab than other states.
MCQ Of Migration Class 12 Chapter 2 Question 6.
Migrants act as agents of:
(A) political change
(B) mental change
(C) social change
(D) historical change
Answer:
(C) social change
Explanation:
Migrants work as an agent of social change. They diffuse new ideas of science and technology, family planning, girl’s education, etc from one place to another place.
Migration MCQ Chapter 2 Class 12 Question 7.
Migration leads to intermixing of people from:
(A) diverse culture.
(B) same culture.
(C) opposite culture.
(D) All of the above.
Answer:
(A) diverse culture.
Explanation:
People also bring different cultures with them which help to break the narrow considerations and broaden up the mental horizon of the people.
Class 12 Migration MCQ Chapter 2 Question 8.
Unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has caused :
(A) overcrowding.
(B) isolation.
(C) positive growth.
(D) negative growth.
Answer:
(A) overcrowding.
Explanation:
People tend to move from place of low opportunity and low safety to the place of higher opportunity and better safety which leads to uneven distribution of population and overcrowding.
Migration Chapter 2 Class 12 Geography MCQ Question 9.
When was the actual migration recorded through Census?
(A) 1884
(B) 1883
(C) 1882
(D) 1881
Answer:
(D) 1881
Explanation:
It contains information about migration in the country. Actually migration was recorded beginning from the first Census of India conducted in 1881. This data were recorded on the basis of place of birth.
Migration Class 12 Geography MCQ Question 10.
A continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining outgrowths is known as :
(A) Urban growth
(B) Urban agglomeration
(C) Urban outgrowth
(D) Urban spread
Answer:
(B) Urban agglomeration
Explanation:
Urban agglomeration is an integrated urban area consisting of a core town together with its outgrowths.
MCQ Migration Class 12 Chapter 2 Question 11.
Who dominates the streams of short distance rural to rural migrations?
(A) Adolescence
(B) Males
(C) Females
(D) Old age group
Answer:
(C) Females
Explanation:
The main cause for female migration is marriage. About 65% for female move out from their parental house following their marriages.
Class 12 Geography Chapter 2 Migration MCQ Question 12.
……….. was the state, has the largest number of net out-migrants from the state.
(A) Punjab
(B) Uttar Pradesh
(C) Bihar
(D) West Bengal
Answer:
(B) Uttar Pradesh
Explanation:
In Uttar Pradesh, in most of the districts there is lack of employment opportunities therefore instead of migrating within or across the districts, people chose to migrate towards other states because many industrialised and urbanised states are very close to Uttar Pradesh.
MCQ On Migration Class 12 Chapter 2 Question 13.
Migration boosts the population.
(A) working-age
(B) old-age
(C) adolescence
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(A) working-age
Explanation:
Working age migrants arrive with skills and contribute to human capital development of receiving countries. Working age migrants also contribute to technological progress.
Migration Class 12th MCQ Chapter 2 Question 14.
A person who moves from one place to another, especially in order to find work or better living conditions is known as
(A) labourer
(B) migrant
(C) immigrant
(D) worker
Answer:
(B) migrant
Question 15.
…………….. refers to money that is sent or transferred to another party, usually overseas.
(A) Remittance
(B) Emulation
(C) Denomination
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(A) Remittance
Explanation:
Remittance is defined as money that is sent to pay for something.
Question 16.
Migration leads to the of the population within a country.
(A) distribution
(B) redistribution
(C) disturbance
(D) turbulence
Answer:
(B) redistribution
Explanation:
Migration is an important determinant of population size as it changes not only the population size but also the population composition of urban and rural populations in terms of age composition.
Assertion and Reason Based MCQs
Directions:
In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false and R is true.
Question 1.
Assertion (A): Migration has been an integral part and a very important factor in redistributing population over time and space.
Reason (R): India has witnessed the waves of migrants coming to the country from Central and West Asia and also from Southeast Asia.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The countries with high rates of youth emigration are losing persons from these age groups and tend to register low growth population rates, while the receiving countries gain young working and high reproductive people, which contribute to an increase in total population.
Question 2.
Assertion (A): In the Census of India migration is enumerated on two bases: place of birth and place of residence.
Reason (R): In the Census of India reasons for migration from the place of last residence and duration of residence in place of enumeration are never asked.
Answer:
(C) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
When a person is enumerated in census at a different place than his her place of birth, she he is considered a migrant. This may be due to marriage, which is the most common reason for migration among females – or for work, what is the case as generally among males, etc.
Question 3.
Assertion (A): Some states like Maharashtra, Delhi, Gujarat and Haryana attract migrants from other statessuch as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, etc.
Reason (R): Maharashtra occupied first place in migrants, followed by Delhi, Gujarat and Haryana.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Migration primarily occurs due to disparities in regional development. The lack of employment opportunities in the rural areas and better employment prospects and infrastructure facilities in the urban areas motivate people to migrate to urban areas.
Question 4.
Assertion (A): People, generally are emotionally attached to their place of birth.
Reason (R): But millions of people leave their places of birth and residence.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Birth place are generally close to people’s heart. They might have some deep emotions associated with the place of birth.
Question 5.
Assertion (A): In India people migrate from rural to urban areas.
Reason (R): This is mainly due to poverty, high population pressure on the land, lack of basic infra structural facilities like health care, education, etc.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The shifting of rural populations to urban areas is mainly due to urban biases in terms of development and economic opportunities. It has been observed in India I that urban residents have a better standard of living, level of nutrition, and provision of 1 services than rural dwellers.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): People often migrate from and migrate to .
Reason (R): People tend to move from place of low opportunity and low safety to the place of higher opportunity and better safety.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Question 7.
Assertion (A): Migrants act as agents of social change.
Reason (R): Migration leads to intermixing of people from diverse cultures.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The new ideas related to new technologies, family planning, girl’s education, etc. get diffused from urban to rural areas through migration.
Question 8.
Assertion (A): Overcrowding of people due to rural-urban migration has put pressure on the existing social and physical infrastructure in the urban areas.
Reason (R): Due to over-exploitation of natural resources, cities are facing the acute problem of depletion of ground water, air pollution, disposal of sewage and management of solid wastes.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Overcrowding of people due to rural-urban migration ultimately leads to unplanned growth of urban settlement and formation of slums shanty colonies.
Case-Based MCQs
I. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
During colonial period (British period) millions of the indentured labourers were sent to Mauritius, Caribbean islands (Trinidad, Tobago and Guyana), Fiji and South Africa by British from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar; to Reunion Island, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Surinam by French and Dutch and by Portuguese from Goa, Daman and Diu to Angola, Mozambique to work as plantation workers. All such migrations were covered under the time- bound contract known as Girmit Act (Indian Emigration Act). Flowever, the living conditions of these indentured labourers were not better than the slaves.
The second wave of migrants ventured out into the neighbouring countries in recent times as professionals, artisans, traders and factory workers, in search of economic opportunities to Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei and African countries, etc. and the trend still continues. There was a steady outflow of India’s semi-skilled and skilled labour in the wake of the oil boom in West Asia in the 1970s.
There was also some outflow of entrepreneurs, store owners, professionals, businessmen to Western countries. Third wave of migrants was comprised of professionals like doctors, engineers (1960s onwards), software engineers, management consultants, financial experts, media persons (1980s onwards), and others migrated to countries such as USA, Canada, UK, Australia, New Zealand and Germany.
These professionals enjoy the distinction of being one of highly educated, the highest earning and prospering groups. After liberalisation, in the 90s education and knowledge-based Indian emigration has made Indian Diaspora one of the most powerful diasporas in the world. In all these countries, Indian diaspora has been playing an important role in the development of the respective countries.
Question 1.
Under the provisions of which Act were the labourers emigrated from India to other European colonies?
(A) Girmit Act
(B) GirhitAct
(C) Indian Migration Act
(D) Indian Immigration Act
Answer:
(A) Girmit Act
Explanation:
Girmit derives from the word agreement’ under which more than one mil-lion Indian indentured labourers went to work on the plantations of the ‘King Sugar’ colonies around the globe in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Agreement stipulated the terms and conditions of service.
Question 2.
Who sent the Indian labourers from Goa to Mozambique?
(A) British
(B) French
(C) Dutch
(D) Portuguese
Answer:
(D) Portuguese
Question 3.
Which of these migrated from India during the second wave?
(A) Doctors
(B) Financial experts
(C) Artisans
(D) Software engineers
Answer:
(C) Artisans
Explanation:
During the second wave of migration there was a steady outflow of India’s skilled and semi-skilled labour.
Question 4.
When did the knowledge-based Indian migrate from India?
(A) 1960s
(B) 1970s
(C) 1980s
(D) 1990s
Answer:
(D) 1990s
Explanation:
The knowledge based Indians migrated during the third wave of migration in search of better employment opportunities and better standards of living.
Question 1.
Which of these is not a part of Caribbean Islands?
(A) Trinidad
(B) Tobago
(C) Guyana
(D) Fiji
Answer:
(D) Fiji
Explanation:
The Fiji Islands are tropical islands.
Question 2.
The living conditions of the indentured labourers resembled those of:
(A) Kings
(B) Tradesmen
(C) Slaves
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) Slaves
Explanation:
The conditions at work were harsh, with long working hours and low wages. Given the weak physical condition of the labourers after the long voyage, this took its toll.
Question 3.
Which of these events happened in West Asia in 1970s?
(A) Oil boom
(B) Work boom
(C) Brain drain
(D) Imperialism
Answer:
Option (A) is correct.
Explanation:
Oil boom in West Asia in 1970s lead to a steady outflow of India’s semi-skilled and skilled labour.
Question 4.
Which of these countries was a destination for migrants in the second wave?
(A) Australia
(B) Canada
(C) Singapore
(D) Germany
Answer:
(C) Singapore
Explanation:
The government-pro business environment, tax benefits, low tax rates and the ease of doing business are among the factors that contributed to attract people to live, work and setup business in Singapore in the second wave.
II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
The major benefit for the source region is the remittance sent by migrants. Remittances from the international migrants are one of the major sources of foreign exchange. In 2002, India received US$ 11 billion as remittances from international migrants. Punjab, Kerala and Tamil Nadu receive very significant amount from their international migrants. The amount of remittances sent by the interna] migrants is very meagre as compared to international migrants, but it plays an important role in the growth of economy of the source area.
Remittances are mainly used for food, repayment of debts, treatment, marriages, children’s education, agricultural inputs, construction of houses, etc. For thousands of the poor villages of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, etc. remittance works as life blood for their economy. Migration from rural areas of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha to the rural areas of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh accounted for the success of their green revolution strategy for agricultural development.
Besides this, unregulated migration to the metropolitan cities of India has caused overcrowding. Development of slums in industrially developed states such as Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Delhi is a negative consequence of unregulated migration within the country.
Question 1.
What is the major benefit that the source regions receive from the migrants?
(A) Medical aid
(B) Agricultural products
(C) Remittance
(D) Educational aid
Answer:
(C) Remittance
Explanation:
One of the main benefits of remit-tance flows is that they can stabilize household income, thereby improving living conditions and increasing well-being.
Question 2.
How much remittance did India receive in 2002 from international migrants?
(A) US$10 billion
(B) US$ 11 billion
(C) US$20 billion
(D) US$22 billion
Answer:
(B) US$ 11 billion
Question 3.
Give an example of uses of remittance.
(A) Repayment of debt
(B) Marriage
(C) Children’s education
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(D) All of the Above
Explanation:
Remittance are associated with increased household spending on health, education and small business.
Question 4.
Remittances appear to be responsive to income
(A) shortfalls
(B) boost
(C) outflow
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(A) shortfalls
Explanation:
Remittances can reduce the depth and severity of poverty in developing countries.
III. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
The internal migration (within the country) and international migration (out of the country and into the country from other countries)are presented under the internal migrants. The stream was dominated by female migrants. Most of these were migrants related to marriage part from these streams of internal migration. India also experiences immigration from and emigration to the neighbouring countries. Indian Census 2011 has recorded that more than 5 million persons have migrated to India from other countries. Out of these, about 88.9 percent came from the neighbouring countries: Bangladesh followed by Nepal and Pakistan.
Question 1.
Internal migration refers to :
(A) Migration outside the country
(B) Migration outside the state
(C) Migration inside the country
(D) Migration inside the state
Answer:
(C) Migration inside the country
Explanation:
This type of human migration occurs within a country. Internal migration tends to be travel for education and for economic improvement or because of a natural disaster or civil disturbance.
Question 2.
Internal migration is also known as :
(A) Domestic migration
(B) International migration
(C) Rural migration
(D) Urban migration
Answer:
(A) Domestic migration
Explanation:
Internal migration is also known j as domestic migration.
Question 3.
According to Indian Census 2011, more than million persons have migrated to India from other countries.
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6
(D) 7
Answer:
(B) 5
Explanation:
Migration occurred mainly due to marriage, search for better opportunities and it for job suppose.
Question 4.
Out of the total migration, people migrated to India from Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.
(A) 67%
(B) 79.9%
(C) 88.9 %
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(B) 79.9%
Explanation:
Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan are less developed than India .Hence people migrate to India in search of employment, to avoid genocides, seek refuge from war; cross 1 across due to marriage.
IV. Study the given graph showing causes of migration of male population in India carefully and answer the following questions:
Question 1.
What is the most common reason for male migration in India?
(A) Marriage
(B) Business
(C) Education
(D) Work/Employment
Answer:
(D) Work/Employment
Explanation:
Work and employment have remained the main cause for male migration. It constitutes 38% of total male migration. While it is only 2.3 per cent for the females.
Question 2.
What percentage of male population migrates with households?
(A) 2%
(B) 3%
(C) 25%
(D) 38%
Answer:
(C) 25%
Question 3.
What ratio of male students migrate for educational purposes?
(A) 6:100
(B) 10:100
(C) 2:100
(D) 25:100
Answer:
(A) 6:100
Explanation:
Generally, male students seeking cross-border education migrate to countries with more developed education institutions than their own. This helps in improving their 1 future employment chances.
Question 4.
Which of these can be one of the reasons for male migration covered under the category ‘Others’?
(A) Better employment opportunities
(B) Family reasons
(C) Environmental degradation
(D) In pursuit of higher studies
Answer:
(C) Environmental degradation
Explanation:
There are several global environmental changes which may cause human migration. Climate change is, of course, a major factor. Sea level rise, changes in storm or cyclone frequency, changes in rainfall patterns, forest fires, droughts, frequent floods, earthquakes increases in temperature and ocean acidification may result in loss of homes or livelihoods.
V. Study the given graph showing causes of migration of male population in India carefully and answer
Intra state migration by place of last residence indicating migration steams (Duration 0-9 year)
Question 1.
Which migration stream shows the highest number of migration both male and female categories?
(A) Rural to Urban
(B) Urban to Rural
(C) Rural to Rural
(D) Urban to Urban
Answer:
(C) Rural to Rural
Explanation:
Marriage, seasonality of work, lack of work etc. are some of the factors responsible for rural to rural migration.
Question 2.
Why does female category show the highest migration in both the categories?
(A) Education
(B) Marriage
(C) Medical aids
(D) Employment
Answer:
(B) Marriage
Explanation:
As per 2011 Census 46% of the total migrants moved because of marriage and of these, 97% were women. As many as 20.58 crore women in India migrated for marriage. It is also highly gender-specific: the great majority of marriage migrants are women. A woman normally moves to her husband’s village on marriage and transfers her household registration. Very rarely the man moves to join his bride.
Question 3.
Female migrants dominates which stream of migration?
(A) Move with household
(B) Better opportunities
(C) Marriage
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(D) All of the Above
Question 4.
Intra state migration means:
(A) Migration to another state
(B) Migration within the state
(C) Migration to another district
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(B) Migration within the state
Explanation:
Intra state migration takes place between two parts of the same state.
OR
Question 1.
How many types of migration takes place in India?
(A) Rural to Rural
(B) Rural to Urban
(C) Urban to Urban
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(D) All of the Above
Explanation:
All the four types of migration occur in search of equal opportunities, social abundance and for personal benefits.
Question 2.
What is the common feature shown among all the migration streams?
(A) Dominance of rural migration
(B) Dominance of female migration
(C) Dominance of male migration
(D) Dominance of male and female migration
Answer:
(B) Dominance of female migration
Question 3.
In which stream is the number of female migrants the highest?
(A) Rural to urban
(B) Urban to rural
(C) Urban to urban
(D) Rural to rural
Answer:
(D) Rural to rural
Explanation:
Economic and social factors significantly influence female migration.
Question 4.
Give the main reason for Q. 3.
(A) Marriage
(B) Job transfer
(C) Medical facilities
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(A) Marriage
Explanation:
Marriage is the biggest reason why women migrate from one place to another frural to rural).