CBSE Class 9

Here we are providing Three Men in a Boat Extra Questions and Answers for Class 9 English, Extra Questions for Class 9 English was designed by subject expert teachers.

Three Men in a Boat Extra Questions and Answers for Class 9 English

Question 1.
Name the four characters introduced in this chapter. Give an account of each.
Answer:
The four characters introduced in this chapter are the two friends of the narrator, George and William Samuel Harris, the narrator and his dog, Montmorency. J. is one of the main characters in the book and he is also the narrator of this story. J. sees himself as hardworking, intelligent and competent when in fact in real life he was the exact opposite. He is also a hypochondriac much like his other friends.

George is a very good-natured person. He works at the bank and is seen to be more grounded than his other two friends. He brings a banjo to his house and starts to learning how to play. Harris or William Samuel Harris and J. have known each other for a long time. He is bigger in build and used that to scare away somebody who was trying to blackmail them.

Question 2.
What were the men discussing and why were they doing so? Did they come up with a solution and what did they decide to about it?
Answer:
The men were discussing their poor health and their symptoms because they were experiencing spells of giddiness. The narrator was convinced that his liver was not functioning properly. They diagnosed themselves with every kind of disease they could find and only eliminated a disease called housemaid’s disease. They later identified the source of their poor health and hypochondria could be a result of stress and overwork so they decided to take a holiday. Then they finally decided to row up the Thames.

Question 3.
Why did the narrator suspect that his liver was not well? What made the narrator feel that he was an interesting medical case? Do you think something was wrong with him? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The narrator felt so because he had been reading a circular that contained symptoms of liver disorder and he was convinced that he had all the symptoms.The fact that the narrator felt that he had every disease listed in the medical book he had ever read in the reading room convinced him that medical students could learn a lot about the various diseases by just studying him.There was nothing wrong with him, he was perfectly normal. The narrator seemed to worry about having a serious illness which turned out to be a phobia.

Question 4.
What does the narrator mean when he makes the following statement: “I had walked into that reading-room a happy, healthy man. I crawled out a decrepit wreck.”
(Encourage the students to think creatively andformulate their own answers.)
Answer:
The narrator means that though he had been quite hale and hearty before going to the reading-room, after reading the symptoms listed in the medical book, he felt that he was actually a very sick man as he seemed to have all the symptoms of most of the diseases listed in the book.

Question 5.
Why did the chemist not give the narrator any medicine when he gave him the doctor’s prescription? What did this mean? Do you think the doctor knew what the narrator was going through? Give ‘ reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The chemist did not give the narrator any medicines because the prescription did not contain th6 names of any medicines. All it had written on it was the name of the food and drink and the exercise that the doctor felt the narrator should have. It also contained the time at which the doctor advised him to sleep. This meant that the doctor did not think anything was wrong with the narrator.

Yes, I think the doctor knew exactly what was going on with the narrator because instead of prescribing medicines-and drugs, he had prescribed food and drinks as well as exercise. This shows that the narrator was healthy and had no tangible physical pain. It was ali a part of his phobia.

Question 6.
How has the narrator dealt with illness in his childhood whenever he complained it? Do you think that is the right approach? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The narrator would be boxed or slapped hard on the side of his head and this strangely used to cure him of his illness at that time. (Encourage students to think creatively and formulate their own answers.) Despite the proverb, ‘spare the rod and spoil the child’, physical abuse in any form is not healthy and this form of negative reinforcement gives trauma to the recipient of the act.

The narrator is suffering from Hypochondria which is a phobia in itself and the cure itself lay in the parental figures understanding their child’s status. No, I do not think that violence or abuse is not cure for any illness. The parents must’ve figured that the child was acting but in fact the.problem lay in his psyche which by negative reinforcement was only able to suppress.

Question 7.
What does the narrator find strange about people talking about their sea trips? Why did George suggest that they could go on a boating trip?
Answer:
The narrator was surprised at the fact that they never discussed their bouts of sea-sickness. They often recounted tales about other people’s sea-sickness but never their own. They probably felt that it was a sign of weakness and the listeners might make fun of them. According to George, a boating trip on a river would give them fresh air, exercise and peace that they wanted. The change of scene would occupy their minds and the exercise of rowing the boat would give them a good appetite and tire them enough to get a good sleep.

Question 8.
Why was Montmorency not too keen to go on the boat? Is it right to fear the ocean and the boat?
Answer:
Montmorency, the dog, was not keen to go on the boat ride because he was not looking forward to being confined in the boat for hours together without any exercise, neither could he go chasing rats. He was also apprehensive that the men might not be able to handle the boat carefully and so there were chances of then- falling overboard into the river.

(Encourage the students to think creatively andformulate their own answers.)
Yes, I think it is right to fear the ocean because the seas and the oceans are a dangerous place with many unknown perils and subject to the erratic weather conditions. One can be afraid of the boat because the food supplies as well as other essentials could end any day on the boat and they would not have either land or another ship to possibly restock supplies.

Question 9.
What plans did the three men make about their trip? When were they planning on going on their trip and what was the major point of discussion while planning the trip? What was their final decision?
Answer:
The three men planned to leave on their trip on the following Saturday. Two of them, i.e., the narrator and Harris, would take the boat from Kingston to Chertsey, while George who worked in a bank would meet them at Chertsey the same afternoon. They had also taken great pains to pack their things but later on realized only to pack the essential things.The major point of discussion amongst the three was whether they would be camping out or sleeping in the inns. Finally, they decided that on fine nights they would sleep in the tents but on rainy nights they would sleep at the inns.

Question 10.
What are the difficulties described by the narrator about camping out in the open when it was raining? Do you think it would have been an adventure without the rain? Give reasons for ‘your answer.
Answer:
According to the narrator, the boat gets filled with water which makes it is very difficult to put up the tent. Also, making wood fire becomes impossible, the food supplies get soaked in the rain and turn . liquid. Moreover, tobacco becomes damp and the only thing that gives some comfort is a bottle of liquor. Additionally, one is down with a cold in the morning.

(Encourage the students to think creatively andformulate their own answer.)
No, I do not think it would have been an adventure without certain hardships such as the rains. It is only in difficult situations that one is confronted with the idea of happiness and for the three men who took a vacation to find happiness and freedom, the rains somehow reminds them of the fact that happiness is not by doing things or by being with certain people but it’s about appreciating one’s current situation and surroundings.

Question 11.
How does Uncle Podger involve the whole family in the simple task of hanging a picture? Why do you think J. keeps comparing Harris to Uncle Podger?
Answer:
One of the girls from Uncle Podger’s family was sent to buy nails, a boy was sent to tell the girl what size of nails to buy, a boy called Will was asked to get a hammer while Tom got him a ruler, the step-ladder and the ‘ kitchen-chair. Jim was sent to Mr Goggle’s house to lend him his spirit-level. Maria had to hold the light so that he could see clearly.

The girl, who had gone to get some picture-cord, and Tom were called back to hand him the picture. Then he dropped the picture, broke the glass, lost the nail, then the hammer and every time the whole household had to rally around trying to help him. J. keeps comparing Harris to his late Uncle Podger because much like Uncle Podger, Harris also cannot perform basic tasks without making mistakes and ends up riling everyone around him.

Question 12.
What is the narrator’s advice for those who load their boat with useless things? Why? What items did the three finally decide to carry on the trip?
Answer:
According to the narrator, one should discard everything that is unnecessary because it only creates danger and causes unnecessary confusion and clutter. The narrator goes on to compare this with life in general where people seemed to do the same with thoughts and emotions, holding on to them unnecessarily and creating tension for themselves. This could not give anyone a respite from anxiety and care, and one cannot enjoy watching the beauties of the world one lives in.

The three finally decided to carry only the things that they could not do without, such as, a rug each, a lamp, some soap, a brush and comb, a toothbrush (each), a basin, some tooth-powder, some shaving tackle, and a couple of big-towels for bathing along with food provisions. They also decided to take a change of under clothes and plenty of socks, in case anyone wanted a change; also plenty of handkerchiefs and a pair of leather boots, as well as their boating shoes.

Question 13.
Do you think George and Harris were experts at packing and how did Montmorency help in the packing? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
No, George and Harris do not seem to have been experts, because they started by breaking a cup, and continued by squashing a tomato under the bottle of jam. They packed the pies at the bottom and thus squashed them, spilt salt over everything and as for the butter, they stepped on it, sat on it and put it all over themselves and the room.

Montmorency made a complete nuisance of himself. He sat down on things which had to be packed, pushed his nose into Harris or George’s hand whenever they reached out for anything, put his leg into the jam, played with a teaspoon and pretended the lemons were rats. He chased the lemons inside the hamper till he “killed” three of them, before he was hit by Harris with a frying pan.

Question 14.
Who was Biggs? Who were his boys? Why did the narrator get irritated with Biggs’ latest boy? Who were the other people who stopped by to watch the narrator and Harris as they waited for their cab? Why did they do so?
Answer:
Biggs was the narrator’s greengrocer. His “boys” were the errand boys who he hired to help him with his ‘work. The narrator was irritated with Biggs’ latest boy, as instead of going about his work, he stopped to stare at the narrator and Harris, who were waiting for a taxi with all the luggage that they had packed for their boating holiday.

Apart from Biggs’ boy, the grocer’s boy, the gentlemen from the boot shop and the superintendent from the Blue Posts, all stopped by to watch the narrator and his friend. Soon, there was a crowd of people who stopped by. They were curious to know where the narrator and his friend were off to with such a lot of luggage. In fact, one group thought it was a wedding party, with Harris being the bridegroom, while another group thought they were off to the narrator’s brother’s funeral.

Question 15.
What examples does the narrator cite to prove his viewpoint that each person has what he doesn’t want and wants what he doesn’t have? Do you agree with the saying? Give reasons.
Answer:
He mentions the fact that married men have wives they do not seem to want, while single men are not able to get wives at all. Similarly, he mentions poor people were hardly able to take care of their families having eight children and more, but rich old couples had no one to leave their money to. Encourage students to think creatively and formulate their own answers.

Yes, I agree with the statement. This saying is similar to the proverb the grass is always greener on the other side, where when we look at our lot and look at others, we are more envious of them. But if we were to take the viewpoint of each person, one has what he doesn’t want and wants what he doesn’t have, would be incorrect because there are instances where people search for what they want and obtain it. The saying is a typical depiction of needs versus wants.

Question 16.
According to the narrator, why did people leave the countryside and flock to cities and towns? Do you think this movement of people reveal the state of society at that time and why does the three men do the exact opposite? What does the author try to relay in the story?
Answer:
According to the narrator, people flocked to live in cities and towns, because the nights in the countryside could be very lonely, quiet and frightening, with lamps casting ghostly shadows all around. It is the longing for human voices and the throb of life and the gas-lit streets that attracted people to the cities.
(Encourage students to think creatively andformulate their own answers.)

This movement of people might have several reasons, but the answer that the reason that the narrator gives might not entirely be true. The city was seen as a place of opportunities for work, fame and other things, in the cities all modem facilities were available and it was not because of the call of the gas-lit streets. This movement of people could be because of the growing economy where the late 19th century can be seen as the height of industrialization.

The three men do the exact opposite because they are tired of city life and thought that the quiet solitude of the country life as well as the fresh air would do them good. The author makes us understand that the country life is not as idyllic asThe three men made it sound like. Much like the city, country life also had its own share of problems.

Question 17.
In what context does the narrator comment that a boating costume “ought to be a costume that can be worn in a boat, and not merely under a glass-case.” What was his experience of the boating trip with the two ladies?
Answer:
The narrator makes this remark while referring to two ladies who had once gone on a boating picnic with him. They were dressed beautifully, but inappropriately in lace and silk, which could get damaged by even a drop of water falling on it. The narrator was unnerved by trying to prevent any drops of water touch them, and asked his friend to row instead.

However, the friend rowed so carelessly that the girls were covered with water and were upset as a consequence. They had an even worse time at the picnic. The girls completely spoilt the party for themselves, and for their companions, by their wrong choice of clothes.

Question 18.
“I was going on thinking away all these grand, tender thoughts, when my reverie was broken.” What were the grand thoughts that the narrator was thinking? What is a reverie and how was the narrator’s broken?
Answer:
The grand thoughts were the narrator’s musings on a sunny morning when he had visited a little village church. He had felt so much at peace, that he had forgiven all his relatives and friends for all the times they had hurt him. His thoughts were full of forgiveness and blessings. A reverie is a daydream, and the narrator’s was broken by the shrill voice of an old bald- headed man coming towards him with a large bunch of keys, offering to show him some tombs.

Question 19.
What happened when J. and Harris parked their boat near Kempton Park? How did the narrator react to the gentleman’s attempt at blackmail? What chain of thought ensued after this incident?
Answer:
The narrator and Harris stopped for lunch and parked their boat near Kempton Park. They were interrupted by a man who claimed that they were trespassing. The man claimed that he had come to warn them that they were trespassing, but actually, he wanted to make some money by threatening to tell the owner of the property about them. Both the narrator and Harris refused to be scared by the man’s threat.

When the man said it was his duty to keep trespassers away, Harris invited him go ahead and do his job. The man looked at Harris’ well- built body and backed down, saying he would return with the owner. However, he never returned. The narrator and William Harris started discussing about the stupidity of such a prohibition that stops visitors and the ruins.

Question 20.
What is the narrator’s view about tow lines? Why does the man with the tow line get angry with the tourists from stopping on the banks. It seemed to Harris that such an act was punishable and the landowners and his family who were against trespassing of this sort should have violence inflicted on them and that the noticeboard should be buried along with their tombstones while he sings comic songs on man who had handed it to him, and vice versa? How was this muddle resolved?
Answer:
The narrator believes that tow lines are strange objects which get tangled no matter what you do. He believes that even though one might take considerable pains to wind and coil the tow line neatly, it gets tangled within minutes.According to the narrator, the man with the tow line finds the tow line in such a tangle that it takes all his skill to untangle it. He thinks it is the fault of the man, who wound it in the first place, for not doing a neat job.

On the other hand, the man in the boat, having just handed over a perfectly coiled line, blames the man on the bank for being careless and tangling it all up. In the end, they get so angry that they just want to use the tow line as rope to hang each other.The muddle was finally resolved when the men came out of the boat and managed to detangle the tow line. At first they found themselves tugging at the same part of rope from opposite ends, but finally they managed to clear it, often finding that the boat had drifted off in the meantime.

Question 21.
How did George and his friends take advantage of the man and the girl who were pulling along a tow line? Why did the narrator think it was exciting to be towed by girls?
Answer:
Since the girl and the man did not realize that they were towing ah empty line without any boat, George managed to hitch their boat to the tow line. Thus, the boy and girl now towed the boat up to Marlow before realizing what had happened. According to the narrator, it is a sensation that should not be missed. Generally it takes three girls to tow a boat—two to pull and one to run around giggling.

They begin by getting themselves tied up in the rope. Once they undo it from around their ankles and necks, they start off at a run, pulling the boat at a dangerous pace. At the end of a hundred yards, they are breathless and stop suddenly, causing the boat to drift midstream and turn around. They often have to be reminded to keep the boat moving. They also have to keep coming back to the boat to comb their hair or get a shawl. When they finally get going again, they are likely to be scared by a cow in their path. Thus, there is never a dull moment.

Question 22.
Do you think George was a committed worker in the bank? Give reasons for your answer. What does this show about his character? (Encourage students to think creatively and formulate their own answers.)
Answer:
No, George appeared to be doing very little work at the bank from the description of the manner in which he was found sleeping most of the time. He, himself, admits that the bank officers working with him would probably have to awaken him and send him on the trip. George seems to be very lazy and laid back in his attitude and is content to let other’s do his work.

Question 23.
What does the narrator want to suggest through the following statement “If Harris’s eyes filled with tears, you can bet it is because Harris has been eating raw onions.” What does this tell about their characters?
Answer:
The narrator wants to point to the fact that Harris was a practical man unlike himself who had a romantic viewpoint about most things in life. He makes this remark when Harris cuts short the narrator’s romantic description of camping out in a tent in the lap of nature by asking him what they would do if it started raining while they were camping out. The narrator was offended by this interruption and pointed out that Harris had no romance in his soul unlike the narrator, because he, like a pessimist, could only think of problems such as rain instead of visualizing the beauty of nature.

Question 24.
Can you give a description of one of the themes that run in the novel?
Answer:
One of the central theme that runs across the novel is the theme of city and country life. The author describes city life and says that there is a lot of transition and migration of people from the countryside to the cities because the countryside is lonely. He goes on saying that the gas-lit streets are more preferable.

There is a glorification of city life of the late 19th century but at the same time we see the three main protagonists who are suffering from hypochondria try to escape the busy schedule of their city life. They conjectured that a vacation time in the countryside would ease their phobias and help them recover.

They decide to take a river trip and escape to the calmness of nature. The men do enjoy many calm moments and they are wracked less with their hypochondria but they also realize that the country life is not as idyllic as they thought it would be. The author tries to portray the relationship between city life and country life and makes us understand that true calm and peace is not found in things or people but an acceptance and appreciation of the surroundings no matter the situation.

Question 25.
What does the narrator imply by saying that for five and thirty minutes one could hear only the clank of cutlery and crockery? What does this show about the stomach? Explain how the narrator expresses the superiority of the stomach over the mind? Do you agree?
Answer:
The narrator wants to say that for thirty-five minutes the three men and their dog were all engrossed in eating their food. It shows how hungry they were at the end of the day’s journey.

The narrator establishes that the mind is not as powerful as the stomach, by saying that if one has an empty stomach, he is not able to do any work, including thinking. According to him, if our stomachs are not full and satisfied, we cannot indulge in any work or activity, or achieve the higher goals of virtue and contentment. This shows that the stomach rules our mental as well physical faculties and it is hunger that is a strong feeling that overcomes everything else.

(Encourage the students to think creatively and formulate their own answers.)
No, I do not agree with what the narrator tells us because even though hunger determines our moods and emotions, It is also our will that dictates our state of being. For example, we see various different people go on hunger strikes when standing up for their beliefs and convictions. This shows that hunger does cause great discomfort but we can still subdue it with the help of our mind.

Question 26.
Throughout the novel, we can see that the author keeps on digressing. What do you think could be the reason for his digressions?
Encourage the students to think creatively and formulate their own answers.
Answer:
The novel itself is a straightforward journey that takes the three men from London to Oxford on a boat, what the author does is that by adding digression, he has managed to change the straightforward story into a more elaborate one where the same digressions feed into the story and helps us understand the characters as well as their situations better. This narrative style gives the author the artistic license to add some comic relief to the novel and addresses various issues during late 19th century England in a comical way.

There are frequent flashbacks that describe the characters for us in a more in-depth manner. These digressions seem to bring to our attention that no journey, be it our life or any adventure, is ever straightforward. There are always digressions and changes throughout the way. This particular style is an attempt by the author to depict and relay the message of human nature and the constant search for happiness and contentment through a number of approaches.

Question 27.
What are some of the changes that the new Victorian England brought in? Do you think it offered opportunities for fun and leisure? Give reasons for your answer.
Encourage the students to think creatively and formulate their own answers.
Answer:
Victorian England refers to the time of Queen Victoria’s reign from 1837 to 1901. This period saw many new changes, one was the significance given to gothic architecture, then there was the significance given to the arts and theatre. Technology was making a big headway and it is at this time that the English working and middle class started enjoying public holidays and vacations.

The arrival of steam engine in the form of trains and steamships improved transportation and slowly popularized recreational travel. The countryside and the beach attracted the city residents and there was a lot of movement. Indeed the Victorian Era did offer many opportunities for fun and leisure. Even in the novel, the three men were tired, disillusioned and wanted to take a vacation and decided to opt for an idyllic boat trip to the countryside.

Question 28
Do you think that the Three Men in a Boat has humour in it? What kind of humour or what style of humour do you think the author uses? Why do you think does the author use these styles?
Encourage the students to think creatively and formulate their own answers.
Answer:
Yes, the novel Three Men in a Boat indeed has humour in it. The author Jerome K. Jerome uses a gamut of styles. There is slapstick, social satire and black comedy in it. This novel seems to appeal to a large demographic as its humour caters to many age groups because of its variety. With the help of this variety, the author is able to express his views in different forms and this literary style helps him when he is trying to digress from the main narrative plot. The satire and irony in the novel is actually the main focus of the book and using J. as a protagonist, the author Jerome manages to tie the whole story together and create comical characters making them portray people from different social classes. The author doesn’t seem to overly criticize the English class system.

Question 29.
What was the Magna Carta? Can you give a brief description of its history? By recounting the tale of Oliver Cromwell and King John, what is the narrator trying to say?
Answer:
Magna Carta or the great charter was an agreement signed between the unpopular King John of England and the rebel barons. It was drafted by the archbishop and the island has been long thought of as the place where the agreement took place. It established for the first time that everybody including the King was subject to the law.

By recounting the tale of Oliver Cromwell and King John, the narrator is trying to say that the English countryside they were boating along had not really changed much since the times of Oliver Cromwell and King John. He wants to convey the fact that one could actually imagine all the historical events that had taken place in that area in the past.

Question 30.
The narrator and Harris refuse to enter the two inns at Datchet on some flimsy grounds. What were the excuses they make? What is the irony they have to face at the end?
Answer:
The narrator refuses to enter the first inn because it did not have any honeysuckle flowers growing in or around it. Harris refuses to enter the other inn because he does not like the look of a man leaning against its front door and finds his boots very ugly. The irony is that after they reject the two inns, they come to know that Datchet has only the two inns and when they try to get rooms in the very same inns, they find that they are overflowing with people and are not even allowed to enter inside them.

Question 31.
Why does Harris express a desire to die? What effect does the appearance of the young boy have on him?
Answer:
After the inns refuse to give them any rooms, they go from house to house trying to get a room for the night but are unsuccessful. At this point of time Harris is so exhausted that he wishes he could die. On hearing this, a boy offers them a room for the night in his house. Harris is so overjoyed that he faints and when he is revived, he empties half a can of beer that the boy was carrying and runs towards the’boy’s house much ahead of the others.

Question 32.
How did the men try to open the can of pineapple? Were they successful in their attempts? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
As the men realised that they did not have tin can openers, they unsuccessfully tried opening it with several different objects. Harris was the first to try opening it with a pocket knife which broke and injured his hand badly. The next to try was George who used a pair of scissors which just missed hurting his eyes. The narrator tried opening it with the spiky end of a hitcher but it slipped and jerked him out between the boat and the bank into two feet of muddy water.

Finally, the three took the can out on to the bank, Harris held a sharp end of the stone on its lid, George held on to the can while the narrator picked up the mast and brought it down with all his might onto the stone and missed. He narrowly missed hitting George on his head. They finally abandoned their attempts at opening the can and threw it into the river out of frustration.

Question 33.
Do you think the novel Three Men in a Boat is an autobiography? What do you think are its influences?
Encourage the students to think creatively and formulate their own answers.
Answer:
I think that the novel Three Men in a Boat is not an exact an autobiography but there are instances that have been inspired by his honeymoon with his first wife. They had followed the same route as J. and his fellow companions. Apart from the similarity in the journey that was made, most of the influences are from Jerome’s life. The name J. seems to be a short name for Jerome. Jerome belonged to a lower middle class family and had gone through various hardships especially financially. Thus, he had a good understanding of social classes and he had an astute as well as unique take on society, its pretension and hypocrisy.

Question 34.
What is the narrator referring to when he says-“Strange that Nature’s voices all around them…. should not have taught them a truer meaning of life than this.”?
Answer:
He is referring to the Cistercian monks who had once lived in the abbey in the 13th century. They had lived a very hard life wearing rough tunics, eating vegetarian food and spending their time in hard labour, reading and praying. Most of their time was spent in silent contemplation. The narrator is struck by the irony that these monks were living in the lap of Nature at its best, but were unable to appreciate the beauty that God had provided all around them. They lived grim lives waiting in silence for God’s voice from heaven but were deaf to the sounds of Nature that spoke to them all the time.

Question 35.
What was the outcome of Montmorency’s chasing a large tomcat? How did it affect Montmorency? What is Montgomery’s significance in the novel?
Answer:
Montmorency’s chase had the strangest of outcomes. Instead of running away, or showing any signs of fear, the cat calmly turned around to face Montmorency as if to ask him what he wanted. Montmorency, unused to such a reaction, quietly slinked away with his tail between his legs and would thereafter visibly shrink and have a pained expression on his face at the mention of the word “cat”.

Montmorency features prominently in the novel and somehow provides opportunities for slapstick humour. He also seems to function as a foil to the three men, J., George and William Harris. Unlike the three men, Montmorency is always lively and manages to obtain his own food and most of the time is able to defend himself, which was not the case when Montmorency met the tomcat.

Question 36.
What does the narrator want to express when he says that-“our departure from Marlowe I regard as one of our great successes.”?
Answer:
At Marlowe, the narrator and his friends visited a number of shops to buy different kinds of food materials to last them the next three days on the river. At every shop, they waited till the food was packed in a basket and a boy from the shop carrying the basket followed them to their boat. As a result they had a number of boys following them with baskets in a solemn procession through the centre of the street down to the river, making a very impressive spectacle.

Question 37.
Do you think the narrator hated steam launches? Why? How did the narrator and his friends irritate* the men in the steam launch?
Answer:
Yes, the narrator hated steam launches because, according to him, a person who drives them has hardly anything to do apart from smoking a cigar and blowing the whistle at other boats to clear their path. The narrator was irritated by the superior attitude shown by the people who drove them. The narrator and his friends irritated the men in the steam launch by generally pretending not to hear the whistle of the launch and allowed their boat to drift right into the path of the steam launch. They sat with their backs to them and pretended to be deeply engrossed in a story being told by Harris.

As a result, the launch coming at high speed would run aground in trying to prevent the launch from ramming into their boat. The people from these launches would be found shouting at the men but the narrator and his friends would pretend to be oblivious to all their shouting. Sometimes the men from these launches would come and help to remove their boat from their path and all the time the three friends would pretend to be unaware of all the commotion that they had caused.

Question 38.
What was the shock that George and the narrator received while all three of them were having lunch one day? What had happened?
Answer:
The shock occurred when the trio had just about settled to eat lunch and Harris was carving a pie kept between his knees when he asked the other two for a spoon. Both the narrator and George turned around to get a spoon from the hamper and in the short time that took them to get the spoon Harris just disappeared into ‘ the air along with the pie.

What had happened was that Harris had been sitting on the edge of a small gully which was hidden from view by some long grass and when he had leaned back a little, he had fallen backwards into the gully along with the pie.

Question 39.
What do you think of Montmorency? Why did he come to the narrator with a dead rat? Give an example of how he provides comic relief in the story. Encourage students to think creatively and formulate their own answers.
Answer:
Montmorency was lively, belligerent and seemed to enjoy hunting. When Montmorency saw everyone contributing all kinds of food items for the stew he felt that he too had to give in his contribution which in his case was a dead rat. Montmorency seems to bring comic relief to the story with his funny mishaps. He was also known to have a developed awe, suspicion and hate for the kettle.

He would often watch the kettle as it boiled. Whenever the kettle would start to splutter and steam, he would want to fight it but someone or the other would bear it off before he could do so. Finally, one day, he moved towards the boiling kettle and caught it by the spout and obviously, got burnt. The next moment he was seen running around the island and stopping every now and then to bury his nose in the cool mud.

Question 40.
Why was George contemplating assaulting a policeman? Do you think it was a good idea or was the idea made out of desperation?
Answer:
George and the other two men could not find their boat because they forgot where they moored the boat and now in the dark it was even more difficult to locate it. Since it was raining very heavily with the inns overflowing with people, George felt that by assaulting a policeman, they would at least get a place to sleep in the lock-up in the police station. The only drawback to that plan was that the policeman just might hit them back without locking them up. It was certainly not a good idea because it was thought out of desperation. George was not looking forward to getting drenched in the rain and really wanted some shelter even if the shelter came in the form of a prison.

Question 41
Describe George’s first boating experience?
Answer:
George had started boating at the age of sixteen. He joined eight other gentlemen like himself on their boating expedition. They hired a racing boat, but he had confused recollections of the trip, as he was hit on ’ the head by one of the others’ oars. Another one of their number was similarly situated at the bottom of the boat with his legs up in the air. Only one of the enthusiasts actually knew how to row. When George tried to help him, he lost his oar. They finally passed under Kew Bridge, with all the bystanders enjoying the sight, and were convinced that boating was not the thing for them.

Question 42.
The narrator comments that their towing by the steam launch would have been delightful if it had not been for the wretched small boats. What is ironic about the statement? what does this show-about the narrator?
Answer:
His words are ironic, since earlier he had deliberately blocked the path of steam launches, behaving exactly like the small boats he now thought were such a nuisance. However, now that they were doing what he had done earlier, he was finding fault with them.

Encourage students to think creatively and formulate their own answer.
This shows’us that the narrator was being hypocritical. Throughout the novel we see that the narrator digresses from the narrative to make remarks on people, he is seen getting angry at his friends George and Harris for being lazy when in fact he himself avoids doing chores.

Question 43.
What shocked George that morning? Can you describe in detail the events of what transpired?
Answer:
George noticed something black floating in the river and as the boat drew closer, he laid hold of it. He was shocked to realize that it was the dead body of a woman. The woman had committed suicide by jumping into the river. The three friends later found out her story. She had been deceived by someone she had loved, leaving her alone with a child. Her family and friends had abandoned her and she had to work hard for a living and to care for the baby. Finally, she became so depressed that she decided to end her life.

Question 44.
According to the narrator, what are the ways in which people lie about their fishing? What was strange about the trout mounted in the glass case?
Answer:
According to the narrator, people who fish always exaggerate the size and number of fish they have caught. Also, if they find a stranger, they will claim to have caught any large fish that happen to be seen.The trout mounted in the glass case seemed to be a large and impressive, causing George and the narrator to view it with admiration.

Seeing that they were strangers, no less than five different people, including the innkeeper, pretended to have caught the fish. However, when George tried to get a closer look, he slipped and caused the glass case to fall, shattering the trout into a thousand pieces. It now turned out that the trout was not real at all, having been made of plaster-of-Paris.

Question 45.
Why did the narrator feel that the boat named the Pride of the Thames was a Roman relic? What changes did he make to try and make it more presentable?
Answer:
The narrator felt that the Pride of the Thames was a Roman relic because the boat was a basic wooden structure which looked as if it had been dug out carelessly and had been damaged in the process. He fastened the so-called boat together with string and pasted some wallpaper over the shabbier parts to make it more presentable. Before stepping into it, he also thought it best to say his prayers.

Question 46.
Pick out the simile used by the narrator to describe the close connection between sunlight and nature? Why does he say this?
Answer:
According to the narrator, sunlight is like the blood that gives life to nature. Without light nature looks like a widow who has lost her beloved husband, while her children look into her eyes but receive no warmth or comfort from her. He made these comparisons because it was a wet and gloomy day, making nature seem very different from the radiant beauty they had seen on their way up-stream.

Question 47
“You cannot give me too much work; to accumulate work has almost become a passion with me:” Who says these lines? What do they tell about the speaker’s character?
Answer:
The narrator of the novel says these lines. He himself proclaims that he did not like to work at all. He goes on to say, “I had the general symptoms, the chief among them being a disinclination to work of any kind.” This tells us that he was lazy and a laid-back person, who only worked when there was no other option left.

This character of his became more evident during his boat trip when he expects the other two, Harris and George, to be lively and instead it turns out that both of them are equally lazy. Not only does this show that the narrator is laid-back, it also shows that he is hypocritical because he complains about his friend’s laziness when in fact he too is quite lazy.

Question 48.
What was ironical about the boat journey? What light does it throw on the characters of the three friends?
Answer:
The three friends had planned the boat trip thinking it would be a idyllic journey, offering them a respite , from their day-to-day routine and expected to enjoy two weeks on the river. What they all wanted was rest! Unfortunately, the trip turned out to be full of catastrophes with all of them having to actually work! And they were actually in deep depression because of the continuous rain.

However, they were determined to enjoy themselves and did not want to give up until the full two weeks were up. It shows that despite being terrible boatmen and totally ill-equipped to deal with the simplest of jobs, they were determined to look at the brighter side of life and refused to give in to circumstances, however gloomy and difficult they may be.

Question 49.
The grass is greener on the other side of the fence. Can you describe this common proverb in relation to the novel, Three Men in a Boat. Encourage the. students to thick creatively andformulate their own answers.
Answer:
‘The grass is greener on the other side of the fence’ is a common saying where a person feels that other people seem to be in a better situation than he is which ultimately might not be the case. For example, we admire the life and luxuries that celebrities enjoy but we may not be aware of their situation and problems that they themselves go through to either achieve their status or even to maintain it.

It is human nature to assume that things are going badly for oneself and some other person has the life that we always wanted but in the novel, the author makes us understand that such is not the case. Our happiness, peace and contentment does not come from what we do or with whom we are with or even where we are.

It depends on how we appreciate and acknowledge our situation and surrounding. We see this in the novel where the three men J., George and Harris set out on a boat-ride vacation to the countryside thinking it would give them the peace and quiet that they need but in fact country life was harder than it looked. They soon realize the difficult challenges wherever one is be it in the cities or the countryside.

Here we are providing Gulliver’s Travels Extra Questions and Answers for Class 9 English, Extra Questions for Class 9 English was designed by subject expert teachers.

Gulliver’s Travels Extra Questions and Answers for Class 9 English

Question 1.
Through Gulliver’s Travels Swift comments on England’s growing power. Justify.
Answer:
Gulliver’s Travels was written when England, despite its small size, was rising in power on the basis of its formidable fleet. Its growing military and economic power brought England into contact with new animals, plants, places, and things, and most significantly previously unknown people with radically different modes of existence. The write ‘small-statured’ Lilliputians are a physical incarnation of precisely these kinds of cultural differences.

England in the 17th century became well known for its naval capabilities. The naval strength symbolized prosperity for England because it assured two things, one was military strength and the other was economic power through trade. These two factors greatly boosted England’s status in the international platform and gave birth to its name, ‘the land where the sun never sets’. There was also a growing trend of exploration and discovery, we can see from Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels that the protagonist, Lemuel Gulliver, is seen travelling the world and discovering new and wondrous locations.

Question 2.
How does Swift satirize the British government through the Lilliputians?
Answer:
The procedure for choosing Lilliputian government officials was arbitrary and ridiculous, which was testing merit through their skill at rope-dancing. The officials were literally forced to jump through hoops in order to qualify for their positions. Swift intends for us to understand this episode as a satire on England’s system of political appointments and infers that England’s system is similarly arbitrary.

Swift compares it to the way people in high places get advancements. He implies that people are not always promoted or rewarded because of their skills, but because they have done something to make people in power, like them. The author feels that trying to get ahead by pleasing and submitting to arbitrary wishes of a superior, is as humiliating and as fraught with danger as tightrope dancing. His take on receiving royal honours and working towards it is akin to grovelling, “leaping and creeping” for a little piece of blue, red, or yellow thread.

Question 3.
Lilliput and Blefuscu, the “two great empires of the universe” have been at war for 36 moons? How did the 36 Moon War start?
Answer:
The primitive way of breaking eggs was to cut it from the larger end, but the present emperor’s grandfather, when he was only a child, happened to cut one of his fingers while he was breaking an egg. That is when the then emperor, his father, published an edict, commanding all hi§ subjects to break the smaller end of their eggs. This resulted in six rebellions; one emperor lost his life, and another his crown. Constant trouble was fomented by the monarchs of Blefuscu and those who were exiled found refuge in Blefuscu. Eleven thousand people suffered death, but would not break their eggs at the smaller end.

It was much written about and many hundred large volumes have been published on this controversy but the books of the Big-endians have been long forbidden, and the whole party rendered incapable by law of holding employments. Blefuscans accused Lilliputians of creating a schism in religion-offended a fundamental doctrine of their great prophet Lustrog who said that “all true believers break their eggs at the convenient end” which the Blefuscans interpreted as the big-end. Therefore, a bloody war had been carried on between the two empires for six-and-thirty moons, with varying results.

Question 4.
Write a brief note on the education system of Lilliput.
Answer:
In Lilliput, children were sent to live in schools at a very young age. The schools were chosen according to the station of parents, whom they got to see only twice a year. Schools for young nobles were spartan, and students were trained in honour, justice, courage, modesty, clemency, religion, and patriotism. The schools for tradesmen and ordinary gentlemen were much like those of the nobles, but the duration of schooling was shorter as they were designed for trades and the students were put out as apprentices at the age of eleven years, whereas those of the persons of quality continued their learning till the age of fifteen. The women were educated to be reasonable, agreeable, and literate while the children of workers and farmers did not go to school.

Question 5.
Which “merciful” punishment does the king choose? Do you think it is merciful? Why? Does this punishment reflect any quality of the Lilliputians.
Answer:
The emperor of Lilliput was fully determined against capital punishment. However, the council thought . the loss of eyes too lenient a punishment and wanted another punishment. Reldressal said once blinded, Gulliver’s establishment could be reduced, he would grow weak and faint, lose his appetite, and decay in a few months. He says that the stench of his carcass would not be dangerous as he would be diminished by half.

However, this punishment is not merciful, but rather barbaric, as it is torture resulting in slow death.The punishment reflects badly on the Lilliputians. Out of all the creatures that Gulliver had come across the Lilliputians seemed to resemble the humans in terms of their pride in their own existence and their hypocrisy. This punishment reflects on the hypocrisy of human nature and its excesses.

Question 6.
Bring out the contrast between the Lilliputians and Gulliver.
Answer:
Gulliver manages to break his bonds, and as he does so, one of the Lilliputians shouts an order and the rest shoot their arrows at Gulliver. In a moment, the tiny ones subdue the giant. Then, the work crew arrives and starts building a stage; a person who’s obviously a noble arrives and makes Gulliver a long, highly oratorical speech. Gulliver doesn’t understand a word, and responds to this show by putting his finger on his mouth and grunting to indicate that he’s hungry.

This brings out the contrast between the tiny, ceremonial Lilliputian and the giant. Gulliver is impressed by the Lilliputians as they do sophisticated calculations to arrive at the exact amount of wood they will need for Gulliver’s cart and devise a pulley system to raise Gulliver from the ground to the cart. The Lilliputians don’t hold Gulliver in such high regard. Housed in a polluted temple, Gulliver “creeps” inside his lodging.

Question 7.
What impression do you form of the country of Lilliput and the people?
Answer:
The country is inhabited by small people who are just six inches tall. The countryside looks like a continued garden, and enclosed fields of forty square feet and resembles beds of flowers. The fields are intermingled with woods, and the tallest trees are about seven feet high. The town looks like the painted scene of a city in a theatre. However the people bravely face the “Man Mountain” which is Gulliver.

They were intrigued by the giant spectacle and left towns and villages to come and look at Gulliver. It could also be said that the Lilliputians somewhat symbolized mankind’s pride. They seem to be proud of their puny existence to the extent that they were the only ones in Gulliver’s Travels that made mention of their armies. There is also a lot of gossip and backbiting in the community which begs to question the proud nature of the Lilliputians as compared to their small minds.

Question 8.
Bring out the significance of the small size of the Lilliputians as compared to Gulliver’s large size.
Encourage the students to think creatively andformulate thgir own answer.
Answer:
The difference in size between Gulliver and the Lilliputians emphasizes the importance of physical power. Gulliver succeeds in earning the Lilliputians’ trust, despite threats of crushing them by simply walking carelessly. The humour comes from the Lilliputians’ view of the situation: despite the evidence before their eyes, they never realise their own insignificance. They keep Gulliver tied up, believing they can control him while in reality he could destroy them, effortlessly.

Question 9.
Describe the Lilliputian method of recruiting officials to high posts.
Answer:
The officials in high posts and of high favour at court were recruited by entertaining the emperor. They were not always of noble birth, or liberal education. Skilled rope-dancers impressed the emperor enough to win these positions. When great offices fell vacant, either by death or disgrace, five or six candidates petitioned the emperor, to entertain His Majesty and the court with their rope-dancing skills. Dancers, performed upon a slender white thread, about two feet long, and twelve inches from the ground. Ministers were often commanded to show their skills, to convince the emperor that they had not lost their faculty.

These diversions were, however, attended with fatal accidents or candidates breaking a limb. Another diversion was where the emperor lay on the table and it included three fine silken, six inches long; one blue, the other red, and the third green. The emperor holds a stick in his hands, both ends parallel to the horizon, while the candidates either leap over the stick or creep under it. One who performs with most agility was rewarded with the blue-coloured silk, the red was given to the next, and the green to the third. Great persons at court were adorned with these honours.

Question 10.
How does Gulliver make a playing field for the Emperor’s cavalry?
Answer:
Gulliver ordered several sticks, two feet high and the thickness of an ordinary cane. Taking nine sticks, he fixed them firmly in the ground in a quadrangle, two and a half feet square. He fastened his handkerchief to the nine erect sticks, extended it on all sides, tight as the top of a drum. Then, he took four other sticks, and tied them parallel to each comer, about two feet from the ground four parallel sticks, rising about five inches , higher than the handkerchief, served as ledges on each side. Twenty-four of the best horses exercised upon it; Gulliver placed them up, one by one. The officers were divided into two parties and they performed mock skirmishes. They discharged blunt arrows, drew their swords, fled and pursued, attacked and retired. A fiery horse, pawing with his hoof, struck a hole in a handkerchief and overthrew his rider and himself. The horse strained his left shoulder, but the rider was unhurt.

Question 11.
What impression do you form of the Lilliputians after reading of their political views?
Answer:
In this chapter, Lilliputians seem as mentally small as they are physically diminutive. Like any big rivals, Lilliput and its equally tiny neighbour Blefuscu conceitedly think that they are the only two “great empires” in the universe. Even the presence of the gigantic Gulliver cannot convince them of their relative insignificance. Reldresal informs Gulliver that Lilliputian philosophers have logically proved that Gulliver must have dropped from outer space because there could not be enough food for him on earth.

Their histories, “which go back six thousand moons, make no mention of other empires than Lilliput and Blefuscu”—demonstrates the narrow view of both philosophers and historians so bound by their prejudices that they can’t see things clearly in their proper proportion. The warring parties are the High-Heels and the Low-Heels; the Lilliputian emperor favours the Low-Heels while the Lilliputian heir to the throne wears one high heel and a low one. Blefuscu and Lilliput are at war because of religious differences, represented by the manner in which eggs fire broken before being eaten; earlier everyone broke the larger end of the egg. This gives an insight to their political crisis and war with their neighbour over non-issues.

Question 12.
Swift uses the laws of Lilliput to show that these people’s ideals are good but that the people themselves have not actually been good enough to follow them. List an example of how the people of Lilliput do not live up to the ideals they have set for their society.
Answer:
Gulliver tells us that “ingratitude is a capital crime” for Lilliputians. The reason being— people who are mean to those who have done them a favour are obviously going to be even meaner to the rest of mankind. This they consider to be dangerous and thus such people must be put to death. Yet Lilliputians haven’t managed to stamp out ingratitude. This is evident from the incident where Gulliver brings fifty ships of the enemy fleet to the emperor but all he gets is a new title and the jealous plotting of the High Admiral.

Question 13.
What are Gulliver and his companions doing in Brobdingnag? Why do the others leave Gulliver behind?
Answer:
Two months after his return, Gulliver went to the sea once again. This time on a ship called Adventure. On the 3rd of May, a storm came which was both strange and dangerous. When the storm was off course, on the 17th day of June, 1703, they came in full view of a great island, or continent. The crewmembers including Gulliver went to the island to investigate—wandered on the shore to find out some fresh water near the sea. Gulliver walked a mile on the other side. When he returned he saw his companions already in the boat, and rowing for life to the ship, while they were being pursued by a huge creature walking after them in the sea, as fast as he could. Thus they escaped, leaving Gulliver behind.

Question 14.
Write a short note on the people of Lilliput.
Answer:
The Lilliputians are tiny, six-inch tall people. Their land has proportionally tiny buildings, trees and horses, and is ruled by an emperor of the same size. Their high court officials are appointed according to their skills at rope dancing and not according to rational principles. The people are filled with self-importance and possess all the petty vices and follies of humankind: greed, hypocrisy, selfishness, and moral corruption; spend time plotting against one another.

They are also ungrateful as is evident from the fact that even though Gulliver made himself useful in Lilliput’s wars against Blefuscu, the emperor saw him as dangerous and wanted to get rid of him. Despite their small size the Lilliputians are capable of doing a great deal of harm. They are treacherous and cruel, and think up gruesome ways to kill Gulliver. Even the Lilliputian king’s agreement to the plan that Gulliver be blinded and starved is presented as an example of his mercy and justice.

Question 15.
Write a character sketch of the Lilliputian emperor.
Answer:
The Lilliputian king is taller than his six-inch tall subjects by the breadth of a nail. He has the pompous name of Golbasto Momaren Evlame Gurdilo Shefin Mully Ully Gue. His power and majesty impresses Gulliver even though he is laughable, as despite his tiny size he believes he can control Gulliver. He is proud of possessing the tallest trees and the biggest palace in the kingdom and is quite hospitable, spending a fortune on his captive’s food.

The king is a threatening and sinister figure embodying political tyranny and abuse of power despite his diminutive size. He displays willingness to execute his subjects for trivial reasons such as politics or honour which gives him a frightening aspect. He is vulnerable to manipulation by his ministers, Flimnap and Skyresh Bolgolam, and is too easily influenced by his favourites, which leads to sudden shifts in loyalty. He also loves war, and really wants to enslave the people of his neighbouring island, Blefuscu. He turns against Gulliver when he refuses to help him destroy Blefuscu’s freedom.

Question 16.
Write a short note on the Brobdindnagians.
Answer:
Brobdingnagians are giants, around sixty feet tall, their flora and fauna is correspondingly huge. Besides being physically bigger than Gulliver, they are also morally superior. Gulliver feels vulnerable in this country—stumbles into cow pats, is nearly drowned by a frog, captured by a monkey, and is even vulnerable to flies and wasps. The Brobdingnagians are subject to temptations of the humankind, but choose morality and common sense rather than vice and folly. The farmer with his greed and lack of compassion in his attempts to profit from Gulliver is an aberration, not the norm, whereas Glumdalclitch is kind and caring.

The Brobdingnagian system of government is based on moral values; members of government lead by example; the king questions Gulliver closely about England, and concludes his compatriots are “the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth.” The farmer represents the average Brobdingnagian who is of no great gifts or intelligence, wielding an extraordinary power over Gulliver simply by virtue of his immense size.

Question 17.
The King of Brobdingnag is a giant not just physically but also morally. Comment.
Answer:
The King of Brobdingnag is a true intellectual, well versed in political science among other disciplines. He rules people wisely and compassionately, questions Gulliver about England and is shocked by the moral corruption prevalent in the government and institutions there. He is eager to learn and asks Gulliver about the government of England to leam good practices. He is moral and scrupulous.

On hearing about bribery, corruption, influence peddling, or hypocrisy, he concludes that Englishmen must be “the most pernicious . race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth”. The King is also a good statesman; he asks Gulliver some probing questions about administration and economy that he can’t answer. He is gentle and peace loving. When Gulliver offers the king the recipe for gunpowder, on hearing of the destruction that can be caused due to it, he demands that Gulliver never mention it again.

Question 18.
What impression do you form of the Lilliputians after reading of their political views?
Answer:
In this chapter, Lilliputians seem as mentally small as they are physically diminutive. Like any big rivals, Lilliput and its equally tiny neighbour Blefuscu conceitedly think that they are the only two “great empires” in the universe. Even the presence of the gigantic Gulliver cannot convince them of their relative insignificance. Reldresal informs Gulliver that Lilliputian philosophers have logically proved that Gulliver must have dropped from outer space because there could not be enough food for him on earth.

Their histories, “which go back six thousand moons, make no mention of other empires than Lilliput and Blefuscu”—demonstrates the narrow view of both philosophers and historians so bound by their prejudices that they can’t see things clearly in their proper proportion. The warring parties are the High-Heels and the Low-Heels; the Lilliputian emperor favours the Low-Heels while the Lilliputian heir to the throne wears one high heel and a low one. Blefuscu and Lilliput are at war because of religious differences, represented by the manner in which eggs are broken before being eaten; earlier everyone broke the larger end of the egg. This gives an insight to their political crisis and war with their neighbour over non-issues.

Question 19.
Briefly describe Gulliver’s meeting with the King of Laputa?
Answer:
As Gulliver entered the palace, he saw the king seated on his throne. In front of the king was a large table filled with globes and spheres, and mathematical instruments of all kinds. The king was engrossed” in a problem and took no notice of Gulliver even though Gulliver and the others accompanying him made sufficient noise upon entering the court. After an hour, the king finally solved the mathematical problem he was working on and it was only then, when he was at leisure, that the flapper gently struck his mouth, and his right ear. Only then did the king take notice of Gulliver.

He appeared startled, though he had been informed earlier of their arrival. He spoke some words to Gulliver, whereupon immediately a young man with a flap came up to his side. As Gulliver made a sign that he did not need a flapper, the king and his whole court formed a very poor opinion of his intelligence. The king asked him several questions and though Gulliver spoke many languages the king could neither understand nor be understood. However, he gave Gulliver an apartment in his palace and two servants to attend on him.

Question 20.
Briefly describe the Academy of Lagado. What does the Academy of Lagado do generally?
Answer:
The Royal Academy was located at Lagado, the largest metropolis of Balnibarbi. It was housed not in a single building, but consisted of a continuation of several houses on both sides of a street. These houses which had been lying vacant had been purchased and converted into an Academy for research and study. Gulliver’s description of the Academy questioned the usefulness of the experiments carried out by the “scientists”.

He described all sorts of experiments that sounded ridiculous: extracting sunbeams out of a cucumber, reducing human excrement to its original food, turning limestone into gunpowder, building houses by starting with the roof, etc. Gulliver visited a class where the students worked on a machine that produced random words. He also met a linguist who was attempting to get rid of all aspects of speech excluding nouns, and a math professor who had his students eat wafers with mathematical equations written on them.

Question 21.
Who all from the past did Gulliver meet in Giubbdubdrib and how did he get to meet them? What lesson do you learn from Gulliver’s meetings with the historical ghosts?
Answer:
Gulliver discovered that in Giubbdubdrib there were sorcerers who were able to resurrect the dead for one day. Then later he noticed that the governor had spirits as servants and was curious. Thus, the governor made it possible for him to speak to spirits from the past. He spoke to many ghost out of which the story names Alexander the great, Hannibal, Caesar, Pompey and Brutus. Gulliver’s meetings with the historical ghosts tell us that:

(a) Some of the facts we read about heroes may not be true. Gulliver finds out that several famous stories about Alexander and Hannibal are not true. Alexander didn’t die from a fever, he reveals. He died from drinking too much. And Hannibal never broke any rocks blocking him from the Alps using vinegar. This introduces one of the key themes of this section of the novel: that history itself is a pack of lies.

(b) We also learn that Gulliver really admires men who kill or assassinate severe, exploitative leaders in the name of freedom. He feels that Brutus’s assassination of Jufius Caesar was justified.

Question 22.
What do the Houyhnhnms find amazing about Gulliver? Do you think that Swift meant the country of the Houyhnhnms to represent an ideal society?
Answer:
The Houyhnhnms were amazed that Gulliver, who they thought must be a Yahoo, was teachable, civil, and clean. These qualities were altogether opposite to the qualities possessed by the Yahoos. The Houyhnhnms, who came to see him or talk with him, could hardly believe him to be a Yahoo, because his body had a different covering from the others of his kind. They were astonished to observe him without the usual hair or skin, except on his head, face, and hands. They were perplexed about his clothes, and wondered whether they were a part of his body, for Gulliver never took them off till the family was asleep, and got them on before they woke in the morning.

Swift describes the Houyhnhnms as creatures who live simple lives and are wholly devoted to reason. The Houyhnhnms have created a society in which there is no crime, no poverty, no disagreement, and no unhappiness. They speak clearly, they act justly, and they have simple laws. They are untroubled by greed,politics, or lust. They live a life of cleanliness and exist in peace and serenity. They live by the grand maxim: cultivate reason and be totally governed by it. So perfect is their society in fact, that they have no concept of lies, and therefore no words to express it.On the other hand, there is neither joy or passion, nor love. The author by way makes us understand that the country of the Houyhnhnms is not an ideal society because it lacks life and love. He seems tQ direct the readers into understanding what could be a utopia but is in fact the opposite.

Question 23.
What view of humanity is presented by comparisons between humans and Yahoos?
Answer:
Gulliver, as a fundamentally decent man, dissociates himself from the Yahoos. However, the Houyhnhnm master’s descriptions of the Yahoos and Gulliver’s own observations confirm that the Yahoos’ behaviour is identical to that of human beings at their worst. For example, they are greedy, so that one Yahoo will keep for himself enough food to feed fifty. They have an inordinate fondness for shiny stones, which they hoard secretly in their kennels, and which are the focus of many fights between Yahoos. This is a reference to human avarice. The Yahoos eat to excessively and they are prone to diseases, just as humans are.

Sometimes, a distinction is drawn between humans and Yahoos. Gulliver’s Houyhnhnm master, in spite of his poor view of the Yahoos, notes that Gulliver falls short of them in respect of physical agility. He also points out that while he does not blame the Yahoos for their despicable behaviour, since they are not endowed with reason, when man, a creature who claims to be an intelligent being, commits crimes, he is worse than a beast. Instead of using reason to choose virtue, as the Houyhnhnms do, man uses reason to enlarge his vices.

Question 24.
Who attacked Gulliver and his companions? How did Gulliver escape?
Answer:
Gulliver and his companions set out from Tonquin to trade with neighbouring islands. On the tenth day, they were attacked by two groups of pirates. Gulliver realised that one of the pirates was a Dutchman. Gulliver, who spoke Dutch well, begged him for consideration as they were Christians and Protestants. Gulliver’s pleas, however, angered the Dutchman. It was the captain of the larger of two pirate ships, a Japanese, who spoke to Gulliver and decreed that the sailors should not be killed.

Gulliver reprimanded the Dutchman saying that a Japanese (pagan) had more mercy than Christian. This remark inflamed the Dutchman and he wanted Gulliver thrown into the sea. This was a matter on which the captains of both ships disagreed. They divided the rest of the crew amongst themselves and set Gulliver adrift in a small canoe, with paddles and a sail, and four days’ provisions.

Question 25.
How do the Laputian people differ from those in most countries?
Answer:
The Laputians are peculiar in their habits, and countenances. As they walk, they keep their heads tilted to right, or left. Their eyes never focus on the world around them as one of their eyes is turned inward, and the other directly up to the zenith. Their garments are adorned with the figures of suns, moons, and stars; interwoven with those of fiddles, flutes, harps, trumpets, guitars, harpsichords, and other instruments of music.

They are forgetful and lose interest in the happenings around them while thinking. So they have servants following them carrying a blown bladder, fastened like a flail to the end of a stick and filled with small quantity of dried peas, or little pebbles. With this they flap the mouths and ears of those who stand near them to rouse them and remind them they have to speak or listen. They give a soft flap on their eyes if they are wrapped in cogitation.

Question 26.
Do you think that there is irony in the behaviour and learning of the Laputians. What do you think is the author trying to satirize?
Answer:
There is irony in the behaviour and learning of laputians because although the Laputians had good theoretical knowledge and were dexterous enough on a piece of paper, in the common actions and behaviour of life, they were clumsy, awkward, and unhandy people. They may be dextrous in use of the rule, the pencil, and the divider, but were slow and perplexed in their conceptions upon all other subjects, except those of mathematics and music.

While they were engrossed in mathematics, they had poorly designed houses with no right angles. They were fond of music but what they played sounded like noise to Gulliver. The Laputians engaged in the astronomy and had great faith in judicial astrology, but did not own it publicly.The Laputians seemed to lack practical application of their theoretical knowledge. Swift tries to satirize the folly in making theories that do not have any practical application. He was satirizing the trend in England and Europe where there were new theories coming up which had no practical application. Swift by satirizing the Laputians makes us understand that while knowledge and information is important, it should have an impact in human life.

Question 27.
What made the island of Laputa fly?
Answer:
At the centre of the island of Laputa was a deep canyon, called Flandona Gagnole, or the astronomer’s cave. This contained all their astronomical instruments and a giant magnet six yards long, in the middle of it. The island was raised, lowered and moved from one place to another at the king’s astronomers at his orders with its magnetic force. At one end the magnet had the power of attraction, and at the other the power of repulsion.

These two charges could be reversed by means of an attached control. The magnet was sustained by a strong axle upon which it played, and was poised so exactly that the weakest hand could turn it. It could not be removed from its place by any force, because the hoop and its feet were one continued piece with the bottom of the island. Of course, the movement of Laputa had limits: it couldn’t go beyond the king’s own dominions, or islands he controlled at sea level; neither could it rise higher than four miles above the Earth.

Question 28.
What methods of appointing politicians as suggested by the professors, Gulliver feels are “wholly out of their senses”? Bring out the irony.
Answer:
At the Academy, Gulliver met some professors who were studying issues of government. He sarcastically referred to them as being “wholly out of their senses”. They proposed that monarchs should choose favourites based on their wisdom, capacity, and virtue. They wanted to teach ministers to look for the public good. These professors proposed that merit, great abilities, eminent services should be rewarded.

They suggested that princes be instructed to know their true interest, by placing it on the same foundation with that of their people. Another of their wild schemes was to choose for employments persons qualified to exercise them. Gulliver sarcastically refers to these scientists as being “wholly out of their senses” and their schemes “wild” as what they proposed was not fanciful or outlandish but sensible and down-to-earth, unlike schemes suggested by the other professors.

Question 29.
Briefly describe Gulliver’s arrival at and his interaction with the king of Luggnag?
Answer:
At the court of Luggnag, Gulliver was commanded to crawl upon his belly, and lick the floor as he advanced; but, on account of his being a stranger, care was taken to have it made so clean, that the dust was not offensive. When he had crept within four yards of the throne, Gulliver raised himself gently upon his knees, and then striking his forehead seven times against the ground, he pronounced the words, as they had been taught to him. The king was much delighted with his company, and ordered his BLIFFMARKLUB, or high- chamberlain, to appoint a lodging in the court for him and his interpreter; with a daily allowance for his table, and a large purse of gold for his common expenses. He stayed three months in this country.

Question 30.
How does Gulliver’s Master Houyhnhnm respond when Gulliver tries to explain he comes from another country and that he sailed to the island in a boat built by humans?
Answer:
Gulliver tries to explain to his Master Houyhnhnm that he had arrived at his island in a ship made and sailed by men, that he was set ashore thanks to an argument between men. Gulliver’s Master told Gulliver that he did not believe there could be a country beyond the sea, or that a parcel of brutes could move a wooden vessel wherever they pleased upon water. But what he found even more amazing was that he was sure there wasn’t a Houyhnhnm alive who could make such a vessel, and neither was there one who would trust Yahoos to manage it.

After making his Master promise not to get angry, Gulliver explained that in his country, the Houyhnhnms were the brutes and the men were the reasonable beings. He added that if he told his countrymen, they would hardly think it probable that anywhere on earth a Houyhnhnm was the presiding creature of a nation, and a Yahoo the brute. Gulliver’s Master Houyhnhnm is unable to understand how horses despite being larger and stronger, could be compelled to serve humans.

Question 31.
What are the Houyhnhnms’ customs for the ten days before an elderly Houyhnhnm is about to die and what are the customs for a funeral?
Answer:
Some weeks before their death, the Houyhnhnms feel a gradual decay or a weakening but without pain. During this time many of their friends come and visit them, because they cannot go out visiting other people with their usual ease and satisfaction. The Houyhnhnms are invariably able to figure out that they are about to die. As a result, about ten days before their death, they start returning the visits that have been made them by those who are nearest in the neighbourhood and take solemn leave of their friends.

They behave as if they were going to some remote part of the country, where they are designed to pass the rest of their lives. Their friends and relations express neither joy nor grief at their departure; nor does the dying person express the least regret that he is leaving the world any more than if he were upon returning home from a visit to one of his neighbours.

Question 32.
Describe Gulliver’s meeting with the sailors? How does Gulliver react to their offer to take him back to Europe?
Answer:
While he was escaping from the natives, Gulliver spied a ship on the horizon. Gulliver’s hatred of the Yahoos made him decide to go back to the island rather than be rescued by European Yahoos. He hid on the island but,.unfortunately, the ship’s sailors came ashore on the island for water and found Gulliver. They spoke to him in Portuguese, asking him who he was. He replied in the same language, telling them that he was a “poor Yahoo banished from the Houyhnhnms”. Gulliver told them that he was from England. He spoke with neighing intonations which made the sailors laugh.

The sailors took Gulliver aboard their ship, where he met the captain, Don Pedro de Mendez. Gulliver was unhappy to be back among the Yahoos and he tried to throw himself into the sea to swim away, but was caught before he could. Don Pedro made Gulliver promise that he would not try to kill himself on the way home. Gulliver promised reluctantly.

Question 33.
Explain the Laputian Tailor’s method of measuring Gulliver for a suit of clothes. Why didn’t this work well? Do you think clothes are used as a motif in the novel?
Answer:
The tailor who was to stitch Gulliver’s clothes did not take measurements in the normal way. He took measurement of clothes differently. He took Gulliver’s altitude by a quadrant, and then, with a rule and compasses, described the dimensions and outlines of the whole body, which were entered upon paper. When he returned with the clothes that he had stitched, they were ill-made, and quite out of shape, as the tailor had made a mistake in calculation. However, it didn’t matter because others were similarly dressed.

In the novel, clothing seems to carry an important meaning because we see how Gulliver pays meticulous attention to his clothes. The clothes he wears differs in each of his travels and seem to symbolize him distancing himself from the social conventions of England because in Laputa his clothes were irregular and out of shape. Clothes could also symbolize identity and with each culture Gulliver also adapts and dons the cultural identity of the place.

Question 34.
Write a brief note on the Laputians.
Answer:
The Laputians are a race of strange people. Their heads are always leaning to right or left and their eyes do not focus on the world around them. One of their eyes is turned inward, and other looks up to the zenith. The live on a floating island, controlled by a central magnet. They have only two interests: mathematics and music, and are very far advanced in these. However, they are impractical as they cannot build houses with right angles, and they cannot sew clothes that fit.

The reason is that they do not take measurements from real life, preferring instead to use equations to prove what has to be true. However, though Laputa floats above, the Laputians continue to have political connections to Balnibarbi, the continent below it as many of the king’s ministers have estates on the continent. The king maintains a strict tribute policy; if people do not send in tributes, he orders his astronomers to float the island right above them, blocking the sun and rain and causing further trouble by dropping stones on them.

Question 35.
How were rebels successful in one case against the king of Laputa?
Answer:
The residents of Lindalino, the second City in the Kingdom, had often complained to the king of great oppression by their governor but their complaints were in vain. The people united and shut the Town Gates, seized the Governor, and erected four large towers, one at every comer of the city equal in height to a strong pointed rock that stood directly in the centre of the city. A large magnet was fixed upon the top of each tower and rock. The townspeople had stored provisions and they would not be short of water as a river ran through the town.

When the king heard of these preparations by Lindalinians eight months later, he commanded that the island should be floated over city. The island hovered over them several days depriving them of the sun and the rain. They were pelted with great stones but the citizens hid in the four towers, and other strong buildings, and underground vaults. When the king lowered the island within forty yards of the top of the towers and rock, the magnets fixed on the towers pulled island down at a great speed and damaged the base. The king was forced to give in to the Lindalinians.

Question 36.
What did the Laputians talk of? Why did Gulliver find this strange?
Answer:
The Laputians, when they met, discussed news and politics. Gulliver found their inclination towards news •and politics, inquiries into public affairs, and giving of judgments in matters of state, and they way they disputed party opinions baffling. But he took this quality to arise from a very common infirmity of human nature, inclining us to be most curious and conceited in matters where we have least concern, and for which we are least adapted by study or nature.

The Laputians feared changes in heavenly bodies: and the movement of the earth and the sun. These fears that kept them awake at nights and whenever they met, they discussed their fears. When the Laputians met an acquaintance they inquired about the sun’s health. Gulliver likens their conversation to that of boys who like to hear terrible stories of spirits and hobgoblins but which cause them fear.

Question 37.
Write a brief note on the king of Luggnag.
Answer:
The Luggnaggian king’s behaviour is yet another example of the kind of random cruelty too much power inspires in a person. Anyone appearing before him must say, “May your celestial majesty outlive the sun, eleven moons and a half’. This is an example of flattery the king expects as his due.In his megalomania, the king makes Gulliver kneel in front of him and lick the ground in front of his feet. This in fact is a common practice in this kingdom. At times the ground is dusty and his subjects stand before him with their mouths full of dust, trying not to cough because coughing in front of the King is against the law and could get them executed.

Sometimes, the king assassinates people he does not like by sprinkling the ground in front of his feet with poison. What’s more, accidents have happened in the past where the poison hasn’t been properly cleaned up and people have died. The king has been sorry about this and got the pageboy, who neglected to give orders for cleaning the floor, whipped. Though he is merciful enough to forgive the pageboy when he apologises, he is not sorry enough to stop his method of execution.

Question 38.
What does Gulliver tell his master about the Houyhnhnms in his country? What is his reaction to this?
Answer:
Gulliver told his master that the Yahoos were the only governing animals in his country, and though they had Houyhnhnms among them. They were employed in travelling, racing, or drawing chariots. Although they were treated with much kindness and care, if they got injured or diseased they were sold, and forced into drudgery till they died. After they died, their skins were stripped, and sold, and their bodies were left to be eaten by dogs and birds of prey.

Horses kept by farmers and carriers, and other mean people, had to work harder and were fed poorly. Men also used bridles, saddles, spurs, and whips on horses. Horses had plates of a certain hard substance of iron, below their hooves, to save their hooves from being broken by the stones over which humans made them ride. This angered Gulliver’s Master. He wondered how human beings dared to ride upon a Houyhnhnm’s back as the Houyhnhnms were physically much stronger.

Question 39.
How does Gulliver characterize doctors, lawyers and the ministers of state in speaking to his Master?
Answer:
Gulliver refers to doctors as “another sort of people, who get their livelihood by attending the sick.” They make a profit from those who are sick. They give fake potions to make people cleanse their insides. This group of people, the doctors, make so much profit on diseases that they encourage people to think that they were sick even when they aren’t. Physicians have given several names to these diseases that exist only in the sufferer’s imagination. They have invented imaginary cures for these diseases and so for the drugs that are proper for them.

Gulliver criticises lawyers severely as well. He explains how lawyers are trained from babyhood to defend the wrong side, so they have no sense of justice. He demonstrates this with the example of a neighbour stealing his cow. Lawyers like to split hairs and talk about irrelevant details to distract people from the simple facts of all their cases. In pleading, they studiously avoid entering into the merits of the cause; but are loud, violent, and tedious, in dwelling upon all circumstances which are irrelevant. They have their own private way of speaking, which excludes ordinary people from either understanding or making laws

According to Gulliver ministers are people who are totally without any emotion besides ambition for money, power and titles. These ministers put their words to all uses, except for speaking their mind. They never let others know what is on their mind. The only time they tell the truth is when they intend the others to take it for a lie, and they lie, with the aim of it being taken as the truth. Their essential skills include the ability to get rid of an inconvenient relative; to undermine their predecessors and to shout endlessly against corruption at court.

Question 40.
Give an analysis of the Houyhnhnms and their culture.
Answer:
Gulliver describes the Houyhnhnms as a noble race who are virtuous by nature. They have no conception of evil. They are rational beings and their motto is to cultivate reason, and to be wholly governed by it. Reason is indisputable for the Houyhnhnms and it is not tainted by passion and interest. As a result there are no controversies, wrangling or disputes among the Houyhnhnms. Friendship and benevolence are the two principal virtues among the Houyhnhnms; and these are not confined to particular objects, but universal to the whole race; for a stranger from the remotest part is treated as an equal to the nearest neighbour, and is made to feel at home. They preserve decency and civility in the highest degrees, but are altogether ignorant of ceremony.

They have no fondness for their colts or foals, but take good care of their education. To keep their population under control, the Houyhnhnms have one foal of each sex. But the race of inferior Houyhnhnms, bred up to be servants, is allowed to produce three of each sex, to serve in the noble families. The Houyhnhnm society is based on rigid segregation of breeds and species. To preserve the race from degenerating, Houyhnhnms marry according to the colour of the coat. Marriages of the Houyhnhnms are arranged by parents and they get married.

Question 41.
What a brief note on the Houyhnhnm way of upbringing and education for the young?
Answer:
The young ones are brought up on a strict diet and are not allowed to eat oats, except upon certain days, till they are eighteen years old. They are rarely given milk. In summer they graze two hours in the morning, and two hours in the evening; but the servant foals are allowed to graze for an hour at each time. A great part of their grass is brought home, which they eat at the most convenient hours, when they can be spared from work. The young ones of both sexes are trained in self-control, diligence, exercise, and cleanliness.

The Houyhnhnms have an admirable system of educating the youth of both sexes. The youth are trained to strength, speed, and hardiness, by exercising them in running races up and down steep hills, and over hard stony grounds; and when they are all in a sweat, they are ordered to leap into a pond or river. Four times a year the youth of a certain district meet to show their proficiency in running and leaping, and other feats of strength and agility; where the victor is rewarded with a song in his or her praise

Question 42.
What kind of place is Glubbdubdrib? Who rules over it? What strange powers does he have?
Answer:
Glubbdubdrib is an island of sorcerers or magicians. It is about one third as large as the Isle of Wight, and extremely fruitful. It is governed by the head of a certain tribe, who are all magicians. The eldest in succession becomes prince or governor. The governor lives in a noble palace, which has a park of about three thousand acres, surrounded by a wall of hewn stone twenty feet high. In this park are several small enclosures for cattle, com, and gardening. The governor was skilled in necromancy or a form of magic involving communication with the deceased—either by summoning their spirit or raising them bodily.

He had the power of calling whom he pleased from the deadend commanding their service for twenty- four hours. Also, he could not call the same persons up again in less than three months, except upon very extraordinary occasions. When he saw the servants in the palace, he noticed the guards were dressed in a very strange manner, and with something in their appearance made Gulliver’s flesh creep with horror. The attendants appeared and disappeared. Gulliver was apprehensive, but the governor reassured him saying that he would receive no hurt.

Question 43.
What type of animal frightens away the horrible creatures that attack Gulliver in the fields? Write a brief note on this animal and his family.
Answer:
Gulliver was attacked by the ugly deformed Yahoos. He was rescued by another resident of the island: a kind, gentle looking grey, horse who seemed to frighten the gross animals away. Unlike the Yahoos, the horse had a very mild aspect, never offering the least violence. When Gulliver reached out to stroke its neck, it disdainfully shook his head, and softly raised its right forefoot to remove his hand. The horse seemed fascinated by Gulliver, and his clothing. The horse neighed in a complicated cadence. Another horse joined

the first and the two seemed to be involved in a discussion. They appeared to be so intelligent that Gulliver concluded they were magicians who had transformed themselves into horses. They used the words “Yahoo” and “Houyhnhnm,” which Gulliver tried to pronounce. The two horses parted, and the grey horse took , Gulliver along with him

Question 44.
What does Gulliver ultimately come to believe about the relative virtues of humans and HouUyhmhms?
Answer:
Gulliver was so impressed by the virtues of the Houyhnhnms, that he had started to hate his own species. Gulliver’s love and veneration for the horses is evident when he describes them as being orderly and rational, acute and judicious. They speak clearly, act justly, and have simple laws. Each Houyhnhnm knows what is right and acts accordingly. They are untroubled by greed, politics, or lust. They live a life of cleanliness and exist in peace and serenity. In fact, they have no concept of lies, and therefore no word to express it.

On the other hand are the humans. They give great importance to money. Gulliver finds them greedy and exploitative. Human beings lie to each other. They beg, rob, steal, cheat, and tell lies. They fight wars and kill fellow beings.

Question 45.
Have you ever gone on a journey or an adventure? Do you think going on a journey changes you? Give reasons for your answer.
Encourage the students to think creatively andformulate their own answers.
Answer:
Going on a journey definitely changes people. When we travel, we get to meet people of various different cultures as well as traditions and the interactions with them changes the way we think and feel, it also gives us an opportunity to learn many things. Even in the novel, Gulliver goes on many journeys and meets people of different shapes and sizes and he leams many things about them as well as their language. He also learns about himself in the process. The true point of an adventure and a journey is to give us the thrill of discovery and at the same time encounter new things, thoughts, ideas and that is what challenges us and moulds us. One is never the same after an experience such as that.

Here we are providing How I Taught My Grandmother to Read Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English Literature Reader, Extra Questions for Class 9 English was designed by subject expert teachers.

How I Taught My Grandmother to Read Extra Questions and Answers Class 9 English Literature

How I Taught My Grandmother to Read Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Answer the following questions briefly.

Question 1.
Why did the narrator and the other people in the village wait eagerly for the bus?
Answer:
The narrator and the other people waited eagerly because it brought the papers, the weekly magazine, and post.

Question 2.
How do we know that her grandparents’ village was very remote?
Answer:
The morning paper was received in the afternoon, the weekly magazine came a day late, and the transport system was not good.

Question 3.
Who speaks the line: “The happiness Kashi” (para 3). What does the line show about the lady’s
character?
Answer:
These lines are spoken by the old lady in the novel Kashi Yatre. It shows how wise, magnanimous, and compassionate the lady was. She sacrifices her deepest desire to go to Kashi for the happiness of an orphan girl. This act of hers expresses her selflessness and her humane quality which is that the highest ideal of love does not expect anything in return.

Question 4.
Why had the grandmother not gone to school?
Answer:
The grandmother had lost her mother as a young girl and her father had married her off at a very young age. Very soon, she had children and there had been no time to go to school. Also, girls were rarely sent to school in those days.

Question 5.
Why was the grandmother so upset when her granddaughter went away to attend a wedding?
Answer:
The grandmother felt frustrated and was upset because she could not read the next episode of her favourite story that was serialized in the magazine, thus, she had to wait for her granddaughter to return and read it out.

Question 6.
How do we know that the grandmother was determined to read?
Answer:
We know that the grandmother was determined to read as it was her who approached her granddaughter to teach her, keeping her embarrassment aside. She also set a deadline by which she would learn to read, and started the process from the very next day.

Question 7.
How did the granddaughter react to her grandmother’s request to teach her to read?
Answer:
At first, she made fun of her but seeing her grandmother’s determination to overcome all obstacles, she started teaching her in earnest.

Question 8.
What were the gifts exchanged by the granddaughter and grandmother?
Answer:
The grandmother gifted the narrator frock material while the granddaughter gifted her the novel “Kashi Yatre” which had been published in the form of a book.

Question 9.
Why did the grandmother touch the feet of her granddaughter?
Answer:
The grandmother wanted to show her respect for her granddaughter who had acted as her teacher and taught ‘ her to read and write.

Question 10.
Explain the statement “student had passed with flying colours”.
Answer:
When the grandmother read the title of the book effortlessly, it proved that she had succeeded in her quest to learn to read and write thus proving she had passed with flying colours.

How I Taught My Grandmother to Read Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
You are the grandmother from the story. Write a diary entry expressing your feelings on the day that you finally learn to read and write.
Answer:
8th January, 20xx, Wednesday
Today I am very happy as I have finally learnt to read and write. All the credit for this goes to my darling granddaughter. What a loving and thoughtful girl she is! She is only twelve but so wise! She taught me with so much love and affection that within a short time, I achieved my goal.

Today I have been able to read “Kashi Yatre” myself. I just can’t believe it. I, an old lady of 62, am finally independent! I can read whatever I wapt, and never feel embarrassed about being uneducated.

Over the last few weeks, as I practiced reading and writing under the guidance of my granddaughter, I often recalled my childhood. If only I had been able to go to school then, I would not have lost so many valuable years of reading. Even though I have been happy and busy all these years, with my marriage and children and household duties, the happiness and satisfaction that I have experienced during the last few weeks and especially today, are unmatched. Today I have received wealth that is duly invaluable—thanks to my little teacher!

Question 2.
You are a neighbour of the grandmother from the story. You have just witnessed the touching ceremony where the grandmother touched her young teacher’s feet, and have decided to write to your friend in another village, sharing what happened and how you feel about it.
Answer:
12 March 20xx
XYZ
Dear Krisna
How are you? Hope you are fine with your family. We are all fine here too.

I have written to give you a startling piece of news. Do you remember my neighbour Krishtakka? Well she has recently learnt how to read and write! it seems her granddaughter who is hardly 12 years old taught her how to read and write in these last three months. They had a very moving ceremony on Saraswati Puja during Dasara.The grandmother touched the feet of the granddaughter and gave her a gift! We were all shocked but later on we realised that it was an appropriate gesture as the girl had become her teacher and to show respect to your teacher is the right thing to do! I wish I had the same determination and the enthusiasm, she has been encouraging all of us to study as well.

According to her, it is never too late and she says, “for a good cause, if you are determined you can overcome any obstacle!” I have decided to join the classes that the grandmother and granddaughter are holding for anyone in the village who wants to study. What do you think? Do write and let me know.
Your friend always,
Janaki

Question 3.
Describe the character of the grandmother.
Answer:
The grandmother was a very cheerful woman and totally involved in bringing up her children and grandchildren. Though she had not been educated herself, she knew the value of education and made sure that all her children were well-educated. She was also very determined. She wanted to learn how to read and write. She did not feel embarrassed to approach her granddaughter and ask her to teach her.

She was very hard-working as we see that she worked very hard to learn how to read and write, often redoing her work to learn within the deadline that she had set for herself. We also see that she was not self-conscious and did not feel any embarrassment in touching her granddaughter’s feet as she had assumed the role of her teacher. She was very wise and understood the value of education thus she said, “We are well off, but what use is money when I cannot be independent.”

Question 4.
After reading the story, what do you think is the role of a teacher and what do you think is the duty of a student?
(Encourage students to think creatively and formulate their own answers.)
Answer:
In the story, we find that each person has a role and a duty to accomplish. A teacher’s goal is to educate his students and impart his knowledge whereas the duty the students hold is to acquire the skills and knowledge imparted. We learn from the story that the narrator has taken up the responsibility of teaching her grandmother. Although she finds it amusing in the beginning, she begins to see her grandmother’s determination.

Thus, her sole responsibility became imparting her knowledge of alphabets to her grandmother while showing compassion to understand her student’s problem. The duty of the student is however best described in the act the grandmother displays. She bends down to wash the feet of her granddaughter. Not only was she a humble student, she was diligent and determined.

How I Taught My Grandmother to Read Extra Questions and Answers Reference to Context

Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
“Her style was easy to, read and very convincing. Her stories usually dealt with complex psychological problems in the lives of ordinary people and were always interesting. ”
(a) Whom does “her” in the above lines refers to
Answer:
Triveni, the popular writer.

(b) What does the narrator mean when she says, ‘Her style’? What is she referring to?
Answer:
The narrator is talking about the style of writing that the writer Triveni uses. Triveni wrote stories that were convincing, easy to read and talked about complex psychological problems in the lives of ordinary people.

(c) Find a word from the extract that means to make someone believe in something.
Answer:
Convincing

Question 2.
“My grandmother too never went to Kashi, and she identified herself with the novel’s protagonist. So more than anybody else she was the one most interested in knowing what happened next in the story and used to insist that I read the serial out to her. ”
(a) In what way did the grandmother relate to the central character of the story “Kashi Yatre”?
Answer:
The grandmother could relate to the central character of the story “Kashi Yatre” because they both had a – strong desire to visit Kashi.

(b) Why did the grandmother not read the serial herself?
Answer:
The grandmother could not read the serial by herself as she could not read or write; grandmother was illiterate.

(c) The leading character in a drama, film or novel is called a
Answer:
Protagonist.

Question 3.
“After hearing what happened next in Kashi Yatre, she wouldjoin her friends at the temple courtyard where we children would also gather to play hide and seek. She would discuss the latest episode with her friends. At that time, I never understood why there was so much of debate about the story. ”
(a) What is “Kashi Yatre”?
Answer:
“Kashi Yatre” is a novel written by the Kannada writer, Triveni, which appeared as a serial in the Kannada weekly, Karmaveera.

(b) Why did the women at the temple discuss the latest episode of “Kashi Yatre”?
Answer:
The women at the temple would discuss the latest episode of “Kashi Yatre” as they could relate with the protagonist of the serial.

(c) Can you give different words that have the same meaning as ‘debate’
Answer:
discussion, argument.

Question 4.
“When I came back to my village, I saw my grandmother in tears. I was surprised, for I had never seen her cry even in the most difficult situations. What had happened? I was worried. ”
(a) Where had the narrator gone?
Answer:
The narrator had gone for a wedding to the neighbouring village.

(b) Why did the granddaughter find her grandmother in tears on her return?
Answer:
The granddaughter found her grandmother in tears on her return as the grandmother had been unable to read the story “Kashi Yatre” on her own.

(c) What kinds of emotion were expressed in this extract? What is the word/phrase used to describe sadness?
Answer:
Sadness, surprise/shock, anxiety were expressed in this extract. The phrase ‘in tears’ and the word ‘cry’ describes sadness.

Question 5.
“My grandmother never went to school, so she could not read. ”
(a) How did the grandmother know the details of the story published in her favourite magazine?
Answer:
The grandmother got to know the details of the story published in the favourite magazine as her granddaughter used to read it out to her.

(b) Why had the grandmother not gone to school?
Answer:
The grandmother had not gone to school because in her times people did not think it was important to educate girls.

(c) Can you think of a Word that has the same meaning as ‘not being able to read’?
Answer:
illiterate.

Question 6.
“Awa came and sat next to me. Her affectionate hands touched my forehead. I realised she wanted to speak. ”
(a) What does the term Avva mean? What did Awa tell the narrator?
Answer:
The term Awa means mother. Awa told her about her childhood, why she never went to school and asked her to teach her how to read and write.

(b) What kind of relationship did Awa and the narrator share?
Answer:
The relationship between the narrator and her grandmother was very close, warm, and loving.”

(c) Can you explain the phrase “affectionate hands”?
Answer:
The phrase affectionate hands means that the grandmother was showing her affection and care with her hands as she gently touched her granddaughter’s head.

Question 7.
“She was a good looking lady who was usually smiling. Even today I cannot forget the worried expression on her face. ”
(a) Why was “she” upset?
Answer:
The grandmother was upset because she realised that she was helpless and dependent on others to read and write.

(b) What quality in “her” character is brought out by this episode?
Answer:
Her determination becomes evident through this episode.

(c) What does the word ‘expression’ mean in this context?
Answer:
In this context, the word expression means ‘a look on someone’s face’

Question 8.
“For a good cause if you are determined you can overcome any obstacle. ”
(a) What is the “good cause” mentioned here?
Answer:
The good cause mentioned here is learning how to read and write.

(b) What light does this remark throw on the character of the speaker?
Answer:
This remark brings out the fact that she is determined and hardworking.

(c) Can you find a word that means a ‘hindrance’ or ‘hurdle’ in the extract?
Answer:
Obstacle

Question 9.
“Then she did something unusual. She bent down and touched my feet. I was surprised and taken aback”
(a) What was unusual about the gesture?
Answer:
It was unusual that a grandmother was touching the feet of a granddaughter, as the custom is that the younger ones touch the feet of the elders as a mark of respect.

(b) Why did she behave in this manner?
Answer:
This gesture on her part was to honour and thank the person who had taught her to read and”write.

(c) What does the narrator mean when she said she was taken aback?
Answer:
When the narrator said she was taken aback, she meant that she was startled.

Question 10.
“Now I am independent. It is my duty to respect a teacher. ”
(a) Who is the speaker?
Answer:
The speaker of the extract is the grandmother.

(b) How had she become independent?
Answer:
The grandmother had become independent as she no longer had to depend on others to read or write.

(c) How did she show her respect for her teacher?
Answer:
The grandmother expressed her respect for her teacher by touching her feet.

Question 11.
“Secretly I bought Kashi Yatre which had been published as a novel by that time. ”
(a) What was Kashi Yatre?
Answer:
“Kashi Yatre” was a novel.

(b) Why had the narrator bought it “secretly”?
Answer:
The narrator bought it “secretly” as she wanted it to be a surprise.

(c) Why did she buy “Kashi Yatre” for her?
Answer:
The narrator bought “Kashi Yatre” for her grandmother as her grandmother loved the story and she wanted to give her a gift for completing her studies.

Question 12.
“It is a great tradition but today the reverse has happened. ”
(a) What does the term “great tradition” refer to?
Answer:
The “great tradition” refers to the tradition of touching the feet of elders.

(b) What does the narrator mean by “reverse”?
Answer:
In the given extract the narrator meant that the opposite had happened as the grandmother touched the feet of the granddaughter.

(c) Why had this happened?
Answer:
The “reverse” had happened as the granddaughter had taught her grandmother to read and write.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Hindi A Paper 4 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Hindi A Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Hindi A Paper 4.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Hindi A Paper 4

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 9 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme, as prescribed by the CBSE, is given here. Paper 4 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 Hindi A is given below with free PDF download solutions.

समय : 3 घंटे
पूर्णांक : 80

निर्देश

• इस प्रश्न-पत्र के चार खंड हैंक, ख, ग और घ।
• चारों खंडों के प्रश्नों के उत्तर देना अनिवार्य है।
• यथासंभव प्रत्येक खंड के उत्तर क्रमशः दीजिए।

खंड {क} अपठित बोध [ 15 अंक ]

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 20 शब्दों में दीजिए

हमारे जीवन में उत्साह का विशेष स्थान है। किसी काम को करने के लिए सदा तैयार रहना तथा उस काम को करने में आनंद अनुभव करना उत्साह का प्रमुख लक्षण है। उत्साह कई प्रकार का होता है, परंतु सच्चा उत्साह वही होता है, जो मनुष्य को कार्य करने के लिए प्रेरणा दे। मनुष्य किसी भी कारणवश जब किसी के कष्ट को दूर करने का संकल्प करता है, तब जिस सुख को वह अनुभव करता है वह सुख विशेष रूप से प्रेरणा देने वाला होता है। इसी उत्साह के लिए कहा भी गया है, ‘साहस से भरी हुई उमंग ही उत्साह है। जिस कार्य को करने के लिए मनुष्य में कष्ट, दु:ख या हानि को सहन करने की ताकत आती है, उन सबसे उत्पन्न आनंद ही उत्साह कहलाता है। दान देने वाला व्यक्ति अपने भीतर एक विशेष साहस रखता है और वह है धन-त्याग का साहस। यही त्याग यदि मनुष्य प्रसन्नता के साथ करता है, तो उसे उत्साह से किया गया दान कहा जाएगा। इसी प्रकार, युद्ध-क्षेत्र में वीरती दिखाने वाले तथा दया के लिए वीरता दिखाने वाले भी अपने-अपने क्षेत्र में उत्साह का कार्य करने वाले हैं।

(क) उत्साह के लक्षण को स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ख) कार्य करने की प्रेरणा देना क्या कहलाता है? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ग) उत्साह से आप क्या समझते हैं? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(घ) “वीरता’ का विपरीतार्थक शब्द लिखिए।
(ङ) गद्यांश का उचित शीर्षक लिखिए।

प्रश्न 2.
निम्नलिखित काव्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 20 शब्दों में दीजिए

सबसे तेज़ बौछार गईं भादों गया सवेरा हुआ
खरगोश की आँखों जैसा लाल सवेरा
शरद आया पुलों को पार करते हुए।
अपनी नई चमकीली साइकिल तेज़ चलाते हुए
घंटी बजाते हुए जोर-जोर से
चमकीले इशारों से बुलाते हुए
पतंग उड़ाने वाले बच्चों के झुंड को
चमकीले इशारों से बुलाते हुए और
आकाश को इतना मुलायम बनाते हुए
कि पतंग ऊपर उठ सके

दुनिया की सबसे हल्की और रंगीन चीज़ उड़ सके
दुनिया का सबसे पतला कागज़ उड़ सके
बाँस की सबसे पतली कमान उड़ सके
कि शुरू हो सके सीटियों, किलकारियों और
तितलियों की इतनी नाज़ुक दुनिया
जन्म से ही वे अपने साथ लाते हैं कपास
पृथ्वी घूमती हुई आती है उनके बेचैन पैरों के पास जब
वे दौड़ते हैं बेसुधे
छतों को भी नरम बनाते हुए।

(क) कवि ने प्रातःकाल के सवेरे को किसके समान बताया है? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
(ख) पतंग की क्या विशेषता बताई गई है?
(ग) काव्यांश में कौन-सी ऋतु के आने का वर्णन किया गया है?
(घ) “तितलियों की नाजुक दुनिया”-पंक्ति से कवि का क्या आशय है?
(ङ) “घंटी बजाते हुए जोर-जोर से”-पंक्ति में कौन-सा अलंकार है?

खंड {ख} व्याकरण [ 15 अंक ]

प्रश्न 3.
निर्देशानुसार उत्तर दीजिए

(क) ‘अति’ उपसर्ग किस शब्द में प्रयुक्त नहीं है?
(i) अत्यंत
(ii) अध्यात्म
(iii) अत्यधिक
(iv) अत्याचार

(ख) ‘बिन’ उपसर्ग से दो शब्दों का निर्माण करें।
(ग) “आई’ प्रत्यय से दो शब्दों का निर्माण करें।
(घ) ‘जागीरदार’ में प्रत्यय और मूल शब्द अलग कीजिए।

प्रश्न 4.
निम्नलिखित समस्त पदों का विग्रह करके समास का नाम लिखिए।

(क) गुरुभक्ति
(ख) सतसई
(ग) निस्संदेह

प्रश्न 5.
निर्देशानुसार उत्तर दीजिए

(क) संकेतवाचक वाक्य को सोदाहरण परिभाषित करें।

(ख) विधिवाचक वाक्य में बदलिए
(i) अपने देश के लिए कौन भारतीय प्राण नहीं दे सकता।
(ii) क्या आपने मेरी कॉपी लौटा दी?

प्रश्न 6.
निम्नलिखित काव्यांशों में निहित अलंकारों की पहचान कीजिए

(क) रती-रती सोभा सब रती के सरीर की।
(ख) पृथ्वी और भी तेज़ घूमती हुई आती है।
(ग) कूकै लगी कोइलें कदंबन पै बैठि फेरी।
(घ) देखि सुदामा की दीन दशा करुणा करके करुणानिधि रोए। पानी परात कौ हाथ छुऔ नहिं नैनन के जल सौं पग धोए।

खंड {ग} पाठ्यपुस्तक व पूरक पुस्तक [ 30 अंक ]

प्रश्न 7.
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 20 शब्दों में दीजिए

डाँडे तिब्बत में सबसे ख़तरे की जगह है। सोलह-सत्रह हज़ार फीट की ऊँचाई होने के कारण उसके दोनों तरफ़ मीलों तक कोई गाँव-गिराँव नहीं होते। नदियों के मोड़ और पहाड़ों के कोनों के कारण बहुत दूर तक आदमी को देखा नहीं जा सकता। डाकुओं के लिए यही सबसे अच्छी जगह है। तिब्बत में गाँव में आकर खून हो जाए, तब तो खूनी को सज़ा भी मिल सकती है, लेकिन इन निर्जन स्थानों में मरे हुए आदमियों के लिए कोई परवाह नहीं करता। सरकार, खुफ़िया-विभाग और पुलिस पर उतना खर्च नहीं करती और वहाँ गवाह भी तो कोई नहीं मिल सकता। डकैत पहले आदमी को मार डालते हैं, उसके बाद देखते हैं कि कुछ पैसा है कि नहीं। हथियार का कानून न रहने के कारण यहाँ लाठी की तरह लोग पिस्तौल, बंदूक लिए फिरते हैं। डाकू यदि जान से ने मारे तो खुद उसे अपने प्राणों का खतरा है। गाँव में हमें मालूम हुआ कि पिछले ही साल थोङला के पास खुन हो गया। शायद खून की हम उतनी परवाह नहीं करते, क्योंकि हम भिखमंगे थे और जहाँ-कहीं वैसी सूरत देखते, “टोपी उतार जीभ निकाल, ‘कुची-कुची (दया-दया) एक पैसा’ कहते भीख माँगने लगते।”

(क) तिब्बत में किस स्थान को सबसे खतरनाक बताया गया है। और क्यों?
(ख) डाँडे को डाकुओं के लिए सबसे अच्छा स्थान क्यों कहा गया है?
(ग) “टोपी उतार जीभ निकाल, कुची-कुची (दया-दया) एक पैसा’ कहते भीख माँगने लगते।’-पंक्ति के आधार पर लेखक के विषय में बताइए।

प्रश्न 8.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 20 शब्दों में दीजिए

(क) प्रेमचंद को देखते ही लेखक की दृष्टि कहाँ टिक गई और उसने क्या-क्या अनुमान लगाए?

(ख) “कोई अपने जिस्म की हरारत और दिल की धड़कन देकर भी उसे लौटाना चाहे तो वह पक्षी अपने गीत दोबारा कै गा सकेगा।” ‘साँवले सपनों की याद’ पाठ के आधार पर आशय स्पष्ट कीजिए।

(ग) “दो बैलों की कथा’ पाठ के आधार पर सिद्ध कीजिए कि ‘संगठन में बल’ या ‘एकता में शक्ति होती है।

(घ) “लंदन के मंत्रिमंडल की यह मत है कि नाना का स्मृति-चिह्न तक मिटा दिया जाए।” आपकी दृष्टि में नाना का स्मृति-चिह्न मिटाने के पीछे अंग्रेज़ों की क्या मानसिकता रही होगी?

प्रश्न 9.
निम्नलिखित काव्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 20 शब्दों में दीजिए

क्या सारे मैदान, सारे बगीचे और घरों के आँगन
खत्म हो गए हैं एकाएक
तो फिर बचा ही क्या है इस दुनिया में?
कितना भयानक होता अगर ऐसा होता
भयानक है, लेकिन इससे भी ज़्यादा यह
कि हैं सारी चीजें हस्बमामूल
पर दुनिया की हज़ारों सड़कों से गुजरते हुए
बच्चे, बहुत छोटे-छोटे बच्चे
काम पर जा रहे हैं।

(क) “कितना भयानक होता अगर ऐसा होता”-पंक्ति में किस ओर संकेत किया गया है?
(ख) दुनिया की हज़ारों सड़कों से गुज़रते हुए कौन काम पर जा रहे
(ग) कवि के अनुसार सारे मैदान, बगीचे और घरों के आँगन को क्या हो गया है?

प्रश्न 10.
निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लगभग 20 शब्दों में दीजिए

(क) चंद्र गहना से लौटती बेर’ कविता में ‘बाँझ ज़मीन’ का वर्णन करते हुए कवि क्या कहना चाहता है?
(ख) “मेघ आए’ कविता में मेघ रूपी मेहमान के आने से वातावरण में क्या परिवर्तन हुए?
(ग) कविता ‘कैदी और कोकिला’ के आधार पर पराधीन भारत की जेलों में दी जाने वाली यातनाओं को वर्णन कीजिए। (घ) रसखान के अनुसार गोपी के स्वयं को न संभाल पाने का क्या कारण था?

प्रश्न 11.
आपके विचार से ‘माटी वाली कहानी सरकार के सामने कौन-सी समस्या को लाकर खड़ा कर देती है? वर्णन कीजिए।
अथवा
“कुछ बातें दुनिया में ऐसी हैं, जो सिर्फ मर्दो के लिए हैं और ऊँची तालीम भी ऐसी चीज़ों में से एक है।” इस कथन से समाज की किस मानसिकता का परिचय मिलता है?

खंड {घ} लेखन [ 20 अंक ]

प्रश्न 12.
निम्नलिखित विषयों में से किसी एक विषय पर दिए गए संकेत बिंदुओं के आधार पर लगभग 200-250 शब्दों में एक निबंध लिखिए

(क) क्रिकेट की बढ़ती लोकप्रियता

संकेत बिंदु

• प्रस्तावना
• क्रिकेट का आकर्षण
• क्रिकेट का रोमांच
• लोकप्रियता के कारण
• उपसंहार

प्रश्न 13.
आप वन महोत्सव के अवसर पर अपने नगर में वृक्षारोपण करना चाहते हैं। नगर के उद्यान विभाग के अधिकारी को पत्र लिखकर पौधों की व्यवस्था करने के लिए अनुरोध कीजिए।
अथवा
ग्रीष्मावकाश में पर्वतीय यात्रा के दौरान आप कुछ दिन के लिए अपने मित्र के घर ठहरे, जहाँ आपका बहुत आदर-सत्कार हुआ। मित्र के प्रति आभार प्रकट करते हुए एक पत्र लिखिए।

प्रश्न 14.
आप अनिमेष हैं तथा आपकी छोटी बहन काम्या का स्वास्थ्य खराब है। उसे डॉक्टर को दिखाते हुए लगभग 50 शब्दों में संवाद लिखिए।
अथवा
अध्यापिका व अभिभावक के मध्य होते संवाद को लगभग 50 शब्दों में लिखिए।

जवाब

उत्तर 1.
(क) किसी कार्य को करने के लिए सदैव तत्पर रहना तथा उस कार्य को करने में आनंद अनुभव करना ही उत्साह का प्रमुख लक्षण है।

(ख) कार्य करने की प्रेरणा देना ‘सच्चा उत्साह’ कहलाता है। उत्साह अनेक प्रकार का होता है, परंतु सच्चा उत्साह वही होता है, जो मनुष्य को कार्य करने की प्रेरणा दे।

(ग) उत्साह वही होता है जो मनुष्य को कार्य करने की प्रेरणा दे। अतः जिस कार्य को करने के लिए मनुष्य में कष्ट, दुःख या हानि को सहन करने की शक्ति आती है, उन सबसे उत्पन्न आनंद ही उत्साह कहलाता है।

(घ) ‘वीरता’ का विपरीतार्थक शब्द ‘कायरता’ है।

(ङ) गद्यांश का उचित शीर्षक उत्साह का महत्त्व’ ही होगा।

उत्तर 2.
(क) कवि ने प्रातः काल के सवेरे को खरगोश की आँखों जैसा लाल बताया है। यह प्रातः काल सवेरा शरद ऋतु का है, इस समय आसमान सूर्योदय के कारण खरगोश की आँखों की भाँति लाल चमक रहा है और यह अपने चमकीले इशारों से बच्चों को अनेक खेलों के लिए आमंत्रित करता है।

(ख) पतंग को कवि दुनिया की सबसे हल्की एवं रंगीन वस्तु कहता है, जो सबसे पतले कागज़ और सबसे पतली कमानी से बनी हुई है और जो आसमान में बच्चों के द्वारा उड़ाई जाती है।

(ग) काव्यांश में शरद ऋतु के आने का वर्णन किया गया है, क्योंकि भादों के महीने की तेज़ बौछारों वाली वर्षा का मौसम बीत गया।

(घ) “तितलियों की नाजुक दुनिया”- पंक्ति से कवि का आशय आसमान में उड़ती रंग-बिरंगी पतंगों से है। बच्चे पतंग को आसमान में उड़ाना व इसके माध्यम से स्वयं उड़ना चाहते हैं। पतंग यहाँ बच्चों की बालसुलभ इच्छाओं का प्रतीक है।

(ङ) “घंटी बजाते हुए जोर-जोर से”-पंक्ति में पुनरुक्तिप्रकाश अलंकार है।

उत्तर 3.
(क) (ii) अध्यात्म
(ख) बिनबादल, बिनपाए
(ग) लिखाई, पढ़ाई
(घ) जागीर-मूल शब्द, दार-प्रत्यय

उत्तर 4.
(क) गुरु की भक्ति- तत्पुरुष (संबंध) समास यहाँ संबंध कारक चिह्न (की) का लोप होने से तत्पुरुष समास है, इसलिए यहाँ तत्पुरुष समास है।

(ख) सौ का समाहार – द्विगु तत्पुरुष समास यहाँ पूर्वपद (सत) संख्यावाचक है, इसलिए यहाँ द्विगु समास है।

(ग) बिना संदेह के- अव्ययीभाव समास यहाँ पूर्वपद अव्यय (निः) प्रधान है, इसलिए यहाँ अव्ययीभाव समास है।

उत्तर 5.
(क) ऐसे वाक्य जिनसे किसी प्रकार के संकेत या इशारे का बोध होता है, संकेतवाचक वाक्य कहलाते हैं। जैसे-जो परिश्रम करेगा, वही सफल होगा।

(ख) (i) अपने देश के लिए प्रत्येक भारतीय प्राण दे सकता है।
(ii) आपने मेरी कॉपी लौटा दी।

उत्तर 6.
(क) यमक अलंकार यहाँ रती शब्द तीन बार आया है। प्रथम रती-शोभा (सब रती के शरीर की) दूसरा रती-रत्ती और तीसरा रती-कामदेव की पत्नी–रति। अतः यहाँ यमक अलंकार है।

(ख) मानवीकरण अलंकार यहाँ ‘पृथ्वी आती है’ में मानवीकरण अलंकार है।

(ग) अनुप्रास अलंकार यहाँ ‘क’ वर्ण की आवृत्ति के कारण अनुप्रास अलंकार है।

(घ) अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार यहाँ सुदामा की दुर्दशा देखकर कृष्ण इतना रोए कि अपने आँसुओं से ही उन्होंने सुदामा के चरण धो दिए।.यहाँ आँसुओं से चरण धोने में अतिशयोक्ति पूर्ण वर्णन है। इसलिए यहाँ अतिशयोक्ति अलंकार है।

उत्तर 7.
(क) तिब्बत में डाँडे को सबसे खतरनाक स्थान बताया गया है, क्योंकि पहाड़ों पर अत्यंत ऊँचाई पर स्थित यह स्थान निर्जन था। इन निर्जन स्थानों में मरे हुए। व्यक्तियों की कोई परवाह नहीं करता था।

(ख) डाँडे को डाकुओं के लिए सबसे अच्छा स्थान दो कारणों से कहा गया है। पहला कारण यह है कि यह स्थान अत्यंत निर्जन अर्थात् एकांत था, जिससे डाकू यहाँ लूटपाट आसानी से कर लेते थे और दूसरी कारण यह है कि डाँडे में सुरक्षा व्यवस्था अत्यंत कमजोर थी, जिसके कारण डाकू यहाँ स्वतंत्र घूमते थे।

(ग) प्रस्तुत पंक्ति से लेखक के विषय में यह ज्ञात होता है। कि वह भिखारियों के वेश में यात्रा कर रहा था और वह परिस्थिति के अनुरूप अपने इस वेश का उचित लाभ भी उठाता था।

उत्तर 8.
(क) प्रेमचंद को देखते ही लेखक की दृष्टि उनके फटे जूते पर ही टिकी रह गई और वह सोचने लगा कि फोटो खिंचवाने की यदि यह पोशाक है, तो पहनने वाली पोशाक कैसी होगी नहीं, इस आदमी की अलग-अलग पोशाकें नहीं होंगी, क्योंकि यदि होतीं तो वे फोटो खिंचाने के लिए अवश्य ही कोई ढंग की पोशाक पहनकर आते। इसलिए इनमें पोशाकें बदलने का गुण नहीं है। यह जैसे हैं, वैसे ही फोटो में दिखाई देते हैं।

(ख) इस कथन के माध्यम से लेखक बताना चाहता है कि सालिम अली की अब मृत्यु हो चुकी है। सालिम अली के सपने अपने थे, मौलिक थे।। किसी दूसरे के दिल की धड़कन और गरमाहट सालिम अली जैसे व्यक्ति के सपनों को पुनः जीवित नहीं कर सकती। अतः प्रयासपूर्वक भी सालिम अली जैसा पक्षी-प्रेमी उत्पन्न नहीं किया जा सकता।।

(ग) प्रस्तुत कहानी में गया से हीरा को मार खाता देखकर मोती ने हल, रस्सी आदि तोड़कर भागते हुए हीरा को बचा लिया। दोनों बैल मिलकर ही कांजीहौस की दीवार गिराकर पशुओं को स्वतंत्र करने में सफल हो पाए थे। साँड़ (उनसे बलशाली पशु) से भी दोनों ने संगठित होकर ही मुकाबला किया गया के अन्याय को दोनों ने मिलकर सहा। इस प्रकार यह सिद्ध होता है। कि संगठन में बल तथा एकता में शक्ति होती है।

(घ) 1857 ई. के विद्रोह में नाना साहब ने अंग्रेज़ी सरकार को बहुत नुकसान पहुँचाया था। उनके बहुत-से सैनिक मारे गए थे और बहुत-सी संपत्ति लूट ली गई थी। विद्रोह असफल होने पर नाना को स्मृति-चिह्न तक मिटाने के पीछे अंग्रेज़ों की मानसिकता यह रही होगी कि नाना साहब को सबके सिखाया जाए, ताकि भविष्य में कोई उनकी तरह कार्य करने का दुस्साहस न कर सके।

उत्तर 9.
(क) “कितना भयानक होता अगर ऐसा होता”-पंक्ति में कवि ने उस भयानक स्थिति की ओर संकेत किया है, जिसके अनुसार यदि सारे मैदान, सारे बगीचे और सारे घरों के आँगन समाप्त हो जाते।

(ख) दुनिया की हज़ारों सड़कों से गुज़रते हुए, बहुत छोटे-छोटे बच्चे काम पर जा रहे हैं। यह हमारे समय की सबसे भयंकर बात है कि जिस आयु में बच्चे का विकास होना चाहिए, उस आयु में बच्चे काम पर जाने के लिए विवश हैं।

(ग) कवि के अनुसार सारे मैदान, बगीचे और घरों के आँगन अचानक समाप्त हो गए हैं।

उत्तर 10.
(क) कवि ‘बाँझ जमीन’ का वर्णन करते हुए यह कहना चाहता है कि नगरों में हरियाली और प्राकृतिक सुंदरता समाप्त होती जा रही है। आज के व्यस्त शहरी जीवन में किसी के पास प्रकृति और हरियाली जैसी वस्तुओं की चिंता करने के लिए समय ही नहीं है। आज का व्यक्ति केवल उन बातों पर ध्यान देता है, जिससे उसे आर्थिक लाभ होता है।

(ख) मेघ रूपी मेहमान के आने पर वातावरण में यह परिवर्तन हुआ कि हवा के चलने के कारण वातावरण में ठंडक होने लगी। पेड़ों की डालियाँ ऊपर-नीचे होने लगीं तथा मुरझाई हुईं लताएँ वर्षा की संभावना से प्रसन्न हो गईं। तालाब पूरी तरह भर जाने की संभावना से आनंदित हो गए। कुछ ही देर में वहाँ पानी बरसने लगा और सारा वातावरण हरा-भरा हो गया। सभी प्राणी प्रसन्न हो उठे।

(ग) पराधीन भारत में कैदियों को कठोर यातनाएँ दी जाती थीं। स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों के लिए कोई अलग से व्यवस्था नहीं थी। उनके हाथों में भी हथकड़ियाँ डालकर अन्य बंदियों (जैसे चोरों, लुटेरों, राहजनों) के साथ रखा जाता था। कोठरी में अँधेरा होता था तथा भोजन भी भरपेट नहीं दिया जाता था। कई बार कोल्हू के बैल का कार्य भी स्वतंत्रता सेनानियों से ही कराया जाता था।

(घ) रसखान के अनुसार गोपी का स्वयं को न संभाल पाने का कारण यह था कि अनुपम सौंदर्य के स्वामी श्रीकृष्ण जब मुरली की मधुर धुन बजाते एवं मुस्कुराते हुए गोपियों को देखते थे, तब गोपियों द्वारा स्वयं को संभालना कठिन हो जाता था। यह कृष्ण के प्रति गोपियों के अनन्य प्रेम को दर्शाता है।

उत्तर 11.
‘माटी वाली कहानी में लेखक विद्यासागर नौटियाल ने ‘विस्थापन’ की समस्या को सरकार के सामने लाकर खड़ा कर दिया है। गरीब और श्रमिक वर्ग इस समस्या से निरंतर जूझता चला आ रहा है, लेखक ने इसका बहुत ही संवेदनशील और मार्मिक वर्णन किया है। , सरकार की किसी योजना (बाँध आदि) के क्रियान्वयन के परिणामस्वरूप अनेक लोगों को अपना स्थान छोड़कर दूसरे स्थान पर जाना पड़ता है। यही ‘विस्थापन’ कहलाता है। विस्थापन की समस्या के पीछे अनेक कारण होते हैं; जैसे-तूफान, बाढ़, भूकंप, बाँध या सरकार की कोई योजना। इसके कारण लोगों को बहुत परेशानियों का सामना करना पड़ता है, लोगों को अपने घर तथा रोज़गार को छोड़ना पड़ता है। लोगों का भविष्य अंधकारमय हो जाता है और जिनके पास उनके घर व खेत के कागज़ात नहीं होते, उनके लिए और अधिक समस्या उत्पन्न हो जाती है। उन्हें सरकार की ओर से कोई सहायता नहीं मिल पाती। वे सड़क पर आ जाते हैं। माटी वाली के सामने भी ऐसी ही समस्या आ खड़ी होती है।

अथवा

उक्त कथन ‘रीढ़ की हड्डी’ नामक पाठ में लड़के (शंकर) के पिता गोपाल प्रसाद द्वारा कहा गया है। इस कथन के द्वारा समाज की पुरुषवादी एवं पितृसत्तात्मक मानसिकता का परिचय मिलता है। इसी मानसिकता का परिणाम है कि स्त्री और पुरुषों के कार्यक्षेत्र में भिन्नता है और उसी 5 अनसार उनकी आवश्यकताएँ निर्धारित कर दी गई है। पढ़-लिखकर रोजगार प्राप्त करना तथा परे परिवार का भरण-पोषण करना परुषों की ज़िम्मेदारी मानी जाती है, जबकि प्रतिभासंपन्न स्त्रियाँ भी घर की चहारदीवारी में रहने को विवश हैं, क्योंकि उनका संसार घर तक ही। सीमित कर दिया गया है। पुरुष सदा से ही परिवार और समाज में हावी रहते आए हैं और सत्ता पर उनका अधिकार रहा है। इसी कारण उन्होंने समाज में अपनी सुविधानुसार ही नियम बनाए हैं और स्त्रियों को सदैव हाशिए पर रखा है। पूर्वकाल में स्त्रियों को शिक्षित करने की आवश्यकता भी अनुभव नहीं की जाती थी। पुरुष स्त्रियों को अपने हाथों की कठपुतली बनाकर रखते हैं और उनका विभिन्न प्रकार से शोषण करते हैं। समाज में व्याप्त यह पुरुषवादी मानसिकता स्त्रियों के विकास के सारे मार्गों को अवरुद्ध कर देती है।

उत्तर 12.
प्रस्तावना क्रीड़ा करना अर्थात् खेलना प्रत्येक प्राणी का स्वभाव है। मनोरंजन की लालसा ने संभवतः इसके विकास में आरंभिक भूमिका निभाई। खेलों से शरीर की मांसपेशियाँ एवं हड्डियाँ सुदृढ़ बनी रहती हैं, रक्त का संचार भी सुचारु रूप से होता है और शरीर स्वस्थ बना रहता है। यूँ तो भारतवर्ष में सभी खेल खेले जाते हैं, परंतु वर्तमान समय में क्रिकेट उल्लेखनीय रूप से लोकप्रिय है। यहाँ की राष्ट्रीय खेल हॉकी है, परंतु क्रिकेट की लोकप्रियता यहाँ देखने योग्य है।

क्रिकेट का आकर्षण आज भारत में क्रिकेट किसी भी अन्य खेल से अधिक खेला जाता है। यहाँ क्रिकेट को प्रत्येक आयु वर्ग एवं सामाजिक वर्ग के व्यक्ति पसंद करते हैं। जिधर देखो, उधर क्रिकेट की ही धूम है। भारत में क्रिकेट की धूम अत्यधिक है, जबकि अन्य देशों में और दूसरे खेल भी लोकप्रिय हैं। क्रिकेट अनेक रूपों में खेले जाने के कारण अधिक लोकप्रिय है। प्रत्येक आयु के व्यक्ति क्रिकेट देखना पसंद करते हैं।

क्रिकेट का रोमांच क्रिकेट एक टीम गेम है, जिसमें ग्यारह-ग्यारह सदस्यों की दो प्रतिद्वंद्वी टीमें यह खेल खेलती हैं, लेकिन फिर भी यह खेल रोमांच से भरा हुआ है। प्रत्येक गेंद पर इस खेल के समीकरण बदल जाते हैं, इसलिए इसे अनिश्चितताओं का खेल भी कहा जाता है। एक ओर जहाँ हमारे देश में इसे खेलने वालों की कोई कमी नहीं है, प्रत्येक बच्चा बड़ा होकर सचिन तेंदुलकर या महेंद्र सिंह धोनी बनने की इच्छा रखता है। भारत में क्रिकेट का मैच खेला जा रहा हो और स्टेडियम खाली पड़े हों, लोग अपनी टी.वी. स्क्रीनों से ना चिपके हों, ऐसा हो ही नहीं सकता। पल-पल बदलते इस खेल में कई बार तो मैच की अंतिम गेंद तक परिणाम का अनुमान लगाना कठिन होता है, जो लोगों को अंत तक बाँधे रखता है।

लोकप्रियता के कारण क्रिकेट की लोकप्रियता का एक और कारण है-इसकी विविधता। यह खेल अनेक रूपों में खेला जाता है; जैसे- एकदिवसीय मैच, टेस्ट मैच तथा 20-ट्वेंटी मैच। टेस्ट प्रारूप जहाँ विशुद्ध खेल प्रेमियों के लिए है, तो 20-ट्वेंटी प्रारूप कम समय में अत्यधिक रोमांच चाहने वालों के लिए बना है। भारतीय इस खेल के प्रत्येक प्रारूप को बड़े शौक से देखते हैं। एक महत्त्वपूर्ण बात और है कि

अंतर्राष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट खेल जगत में भारत की प्रतिष्ठा सदैव बनी रही है। भारत दो बार एकदिवसीय विश्वकप और एक बार 20-ट्वेंटी विश्व कप जीत चुका है। यहाँ हमेशा से ही अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर के खिलाड़ियों की उपस्थिति ही है। पुराने खिलाड़ियों में जहाँ सुनील गावस्कर, मोहिंदर अमरनाथ, कपिल देव, रवि शास्त्री, सचिन तेंदुलकर, अनिल कुंबले, राहुल द्रविड़ आदि प्रमुख हैं, तो नए खिलाड़ियों में, वीरेंद्र सहवाग, महेंद्र सिंह धोनी, युवराज सिंह, विराट कोहली, हार्दिक पांड्या, शिखर धवन, आर. अश्विन आदि उल्लेखनीय हैं।

भारत में क्रिकेट की बढ़ती लोकप्रियता को हर कहीं अनुभव किया जा सकता है। प्रत्येक गली-मोहल्ले में बच्चे आपको क्रिकेट खेलते दिख जाएँगे। क्रिकेट खिलाड़ियों का खेल केवल मैदान तक ही सीमित नहीं है। लोग उनके दीवाने होते हैं और इसी दीवानगी का लाभ विभिन्न कंपनियाँ उठाती हैं। परिणाम प्रत्येक दूसरे विज्ञापन में आपको कोई क्रिकेट खिलाड़ी तो दिख ही जाएगा। इसके अतिरिक्त दूरदर्शन और एफ. एम. रेडियो के आने से इसकी लोकप्रियता निश्चित रूप से और अधिक बढ़ी है।

उपसंहार क्रिकेट के खेल से मिलने वाले रोमांच, आनंद, मनोरंजन और इसकी आक्रामक शैली का कोई प्रतिस्थापन नहीं। अत: यह इतना लोकप्रिय क्यों है, यह समझना कठिन नहीं है। हालाँकि कई बार इस खेल में मैच फिक्सिंग की घटनाएँ खेल प्रेमियों को क्षुब्ध करती हैं, किंतु यदि ईमानदारी एवं खेल भावना से इसे खेला जाए, तो यह सभी को रोमांचित करता है।

(ख) पर्यावरण संकट

संकेत बिंदु

• भूमिका
• पर्यावरण दिवस
• प्रमुख घटक
• असंतुलन की स्थिति
• प्राकृतिक आपदा
• निष्कर्ष

उत्तर

भूमिका पर्यावरण शब्द ‘परि’ और ‘आवरण’, इन दो शब्दों के योग से बना है। ‘परि’ और ‘आवरण’ का सम्यक् अर्थ है-वह आवरण जो हमें चारों ओर से ढके हुए है, आवृत्त किए हुए है। पर्यावरण को दूषित करके मानव ने स्वयं अपने लिए अनेक संकटों को आमंत्रित कर लिया है।

पर्यावरण दिवस प्रदूषण के महासंकट से निपटने के लिए विश्वभर के राष्ट्रों की एक बैठक 5 जून, 1972 को स्टॉकहोम (स्वीडन) में हुई थी। इस दिवस की स्मृति में प्रत्येक वर्ष 5 जून को हम ‘पर्यावरण दिवस’ मनाते हैं। वर्ष 1992 में रियो-डि-जेनेरियो (ब्राजील) में एक पृथ्वी सम्मेलन आयोजित किया गया, जिसका एकमात्र उद्देश्य था-पृथ्वी को बचाओ।

प्रमुख घटक प्रकृति एक विशाल पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र है, जिसमें दो प्रकार के प्रमुख घटक सम्मिलित हैं- जैविक और अजैविक जैवमंडल का निर्माण भूमि, गगन, अनिल (वायु), अनल (अग्नि) तथा जल नामक पंचतत्त्वों से होता है। इसमें हम छोटे-बड़े एवं जैव-अजैव विविधताओं के बीच रहते आए हैं। इसमें पेड़, पौधों एवं प्राणियों का निश्चित सामंजस्य और सह-अस्तित्व है।

असंतुलन की स्थिति प्रकृति और मानव के बीच का मधुर सामंजस्य बढ़ती जनसंख्या एवं उपभोगी प्रवृत्ति के कारण घोर संकट में है। यह असंतुलन प्रकृति के विरुद्ध तीसरे विश्वयुद्ध के समान है।

विश्वभर में वनों का विनाश, अवैध एवं असंगत उत्खनन, कोयला, पेट्रोल, डीजल के उपयोग में अप्रत्याशित अभिवृद्धि और कल-कारखानों के नाम पर अप्रत्याशित विस्तार आदि ने मानव सभ्यता को महाविनाश के निकट ला खड़ा किया है।

विश्व की प्रसिद्ध नदियाँ; जैसे-गंगा, यमुना, येलो, मिसीसिपी, जॉर्डन भयानक रूप से प्रदूषित हो चुकी हैं। इनके निकट बसे लोगों का जीवन दूभर हो गया है।

प्राकृतिक आपदा प्राकृतिक आपदाओं में बढ़ोतरी के कारण लाखों लोग शरणार्थी बन चुके हैं। विशेषकर अपने ही देश में बाँधों, कारखानों, भूकंप, अतिवृष्टि, अनावृष्टि का मूल कारण पर्यावरण असंतुलन है।

निष्कर्ष आज आवश्यकता इस बात की है कि विश्व के सभी राष्ट्र जलवायु परिवर्तन के गंभीर खतरे को लेकर आपसी मतभेद भूला दें और अपनी-अपनी जिम्मेदारी ईमानदारीपूर्वक निभाएँ, ताकि समय रहते सर्वनाश से बचा जा सके। विश्वविनाश से निपटने के लिए सामूहिक एवं व्यक्तिगत प्रयासों की आवश्यकता है। इसके लिए पर्यावरण को दिन-प्रतिदिन दूषित करने के अतिरिक्त स्वच्छ रखने की आवश्यकता है।

(ग) मेरे प्रिय नेता : डॉ. ए.पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम

संकेत-बिंदु

• डॉ. ए. पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम का व्यक्तित्व
• डॉ. ए.पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम की जीवनी
• डॉ. ए. पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम का योगदान
• उपसंहार

उत्तर

डॉ.ए.पी.जे.अब्दुल कलाम का व्यक्तित्व तमिलनाडु के मध्यमवर्गीय परिवार में जन्म लेने वाले एक बालक का यह सपना था कि वह एक दिन पायलट बनकर आसमान की अनंत ऊँचाइयों को नापे। अपने इस सपने को साकार करने के लिए उसने समाचार-पत्र तक बेचा। अंततः आर्थिक परिस्थितियों से संघर्ष करते हुए वह बालक उच्च शिक्षा प्राप्त कर पायलट के लिए होने वाली भर्ती परीक्षा में सम्मिलित हुआ। उस परीक्षा में उत्तीर्ण होने के बाद भी उसका चयन नहीं हो सका, क्योंकि उस परीक्षा के द्वारा केवल आठ पायलटों का चयन होना था और सफल अभ्यर्थियों की सूची में उस बालक का स्थान 9वाँ था। इस घटना से उसे थोड़ी निराशा हुई पर उसने हार नहीं मानी। उसके दृढ़ निश्चय का ही प्रभाव था कि एक दिन उसने सफलता की ऐसी ऊँचाइयाँ प्राप्त कीं, जिनके सामने सामान्य पायलटों की उड़ानें अत्यंत तुच्छ नजर आती हैं। उस व्यक्ति ने भारत को अनेक मिसाइलें प्रदान कर, इसे सामरिक दृष्टि से संपन्न कर दिया। पूरी दुनिया उस व्यक्ति को ‘मिसाइल मैन’ के नाम से जानने लगी। इसके बाद एक दिन ऐसा भी आया, जब वह व्यक्ति भारत के सर्वोच्च पद (राष्ट्रपति) पर आसीन हुआ।

डॉ.ए.पी.जे.अब्दुल कलाम की जीवनी डॉ.ए.पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम, जिनका पूरा नाम अबुल पाकिर जैनुलाब्दीन अब्दुल कलाम है, का जन्म 15 अक्टूबर, 1931 को तमिलनाडु राज्य में स्थित रामेश्वरम् के धनुषकोडी नामक स्थान पर एक मध्यमवर्गीय मुस्लिम परिवार में हुआ था। उनके परिवार की आर्थिक स्थिति ठीक नहीं थी, इसलिए उन्हें अपनी पढ़ाई पूरी करने एवं घर के खर्चे में योगदान के लिए समाचार-पत्र बेचना पड़ता था। इसी प्रकार संघर्ष करते हुए प्रारंभिक शिक्षा रामेश्वरम् के प्राथमिक स्कूल से प्राप्त करने के बाद उन्होंने रामनाथपुरम् के शवाट्र्ज हाईस्कूल से मैट्रिकुलेशन किया। बी.एस सी. के बाद वर्ष 1958 में उन्होंने मद्रास इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नोलॉजी से एयरोनॉटिकल इंजीनियरिंग में डिप्लोमा किया। डॉ.ए.पी.जे. अब्दुल कलाम का योगदान अपनी पढ़ाई पूरी करने के बाद डॉ. कलाम ने हावरक्राफ्ट परियोजना एवं विकास संस्थान में प्रवेश किया। इसके बाद वर्ष 1962 में वे भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन में आए, जहाँ उन्होंने सफलतापूर्वक अनेक उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण परियोजनाओं में अपनी महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई।

परियोजना निदेशक के रूप में भारत के पहले स्वदेशी उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान एसएलवी-3 के निर्माण में भी उन्होंने महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। अग्नि मिसाइल एवं पृथ्वी मिसाइल के सफल परीक्षण का श्रेय भी काफी सीमा तक उन्हीं को जाता है। उन्होंने अंतरिक्ष एवं सामरिक प्रौद्योगिकी का उपयोग कर नए उपकरणों का निर्माण भी किया।

उपसंहार डॉ.कलाम का जीवन प्रभावशाली था। इनका निधन 27 जुलाई, 2015 को हुआ था। 80 वर्ष से अधिक आयु के होने के पश्चात् भी वे समाजसेवा एवं अन्य कार्यों में स्वयं को व्यस्त रखते थे। आशा ही नहीं अपितु पूर्ण विश्वास है कि भारतवासी उनके जीवन एवं कार्यों से प्रेरणा ग्रहण कर वर्ष 2020 तक भारत को संपन्न देशों की श्रेणी में ला खड़ा करने के उनके सपने को साकार करेंगे।

उत्तर 13.

परीक्षा भवन,
नई दिल्ली।

दिनांक 20 मार्च, 20××

सेवा में,
अधिकारी महोदय,
नगर उद्यान विभाग
आसफ अली रोड
नई दिल्ली-1100021

विषय वृक्षारोपण के संबंध में (वन महोत्सव के अवसर पर)।

महोदय,

मैं लक्ष्मी नगर के शकरपुर क्षेत्र का निवासी हैं तथा मोहल्ला सुधार समिति का अध्यक्ष भी हूँ। आप तो जानते ही हैं कि आजकल प्रदूषण कितना बढ़ चुका है और नगरीय क्षेत्रों में पेड़-पौधे भी नहीं हैं, जिनसे प्रदूषण कम करने में सहायता मिले। वन महोसव एक ऐसा अवसर है, जिस पर सभी लोग अपने क्षेत्र को हरा-भरा बनाने का प्रयास कर सकते हैं। हमारी कॉलोनी के लोग भी अपने क्षेत्र में पेड़ लगाना चाहते हैं। अगले ही सप्ताह वन महोत्सव है, जिस दिन इस शुभ कार्य को यादगार बनाया जा सकता है।

आपसे निवेदन है कि आप उद्यान विभाग की ओर से पौधों की व्यवस्था करा दें, जिससे हम अपने कार्य में सफल हो सकें। शेष व्यवस्था हम स्वयं कर लेंगे। यदि इस अवसर पर आप भी पधारें, तो हमें अत्यंत प्रसन्नता होगी। आशा है कि आप हमारे इस कार्य में अवश्य सहयोग देंगे।

धन्यवाद!
भवदीय
क, ख, ग,

अथवा

परीक्षा भवन,
राजकीय विद्यालय।

दिनांक 19 फरवरी, 20××

प्रिय मित्र राहुल,
मधुर स्मृति।

आशा है तुम स्वस्थ और प्रसन्न होंगे। मुझे अभी भी तुम्हारे साथ मिला में बिताए हुए दिनों की मधुर याद आती है। तुम्हारे साथ बिताए वे दिन कितने आनंददायी और उल्लास से भरे थे। तुम्हारे पिताजी ने जिस स्नेह के साथ मुझे अनेक पर्वतीय स्थलों की यात्रा कराई, उसे मैं जीवनभर नहीं भूल सकता। उनके मधुर व्यवहार, स्नेह एवं आत्मीयता की छाप मेरे मन पर स्थायी रूप से अंकित हो गई है। जब मैंने तुम्हारी प्रेमपूर्ण आत्मीयता की बात अपने माता-पिता को बताई, तो वे भी भाव-विभोर हो गए। तुम्हारे आतिथ्य और स्नेह भरे व्यवहार के लिए हार्दिक धन्यवाद। मेरे माता-पिता की इच्छा है कि इस बार ग्रीष्मावकाश में तुम दिल्ली आ जाओ। दिल्ली में अनेक दर्शनीय स्थल हैं, जिन्हें देखकर तुम्हें अत्यधिक प्रसन्नता होगी।

एक बार पुनः आभार।
तुम्हारा अभिन्न मित्र
क ख ग.

उत्तर 14.

अनिमेष डॉक्टर साहब! पता नहीं, इसे क्या हो गया है? सुबह से ही तेज़ बुखार है।

डॉक्टर यह तुम्हारी बहन है?

अनिमेष हाँ, सर! इसका नाम काम्या है।

डॉक्टर ज़रा रुको, अभी देखकर बताता हूँ कि समस्या क्या है?

अनिमेष यह सुबह से कुछ खा-पी भी नहीं रही है।

डॉक्टर घबराने की कोई बात नहीं है। मौसम में अचानक परिवर्तन हो जाने के कारण इसे सर्दी लग गई है। मैंने ये दवाइयाँ लिख दी हैं, इन्हें सुबह-शाम एक-एक गोली दे देना।

अनिमेष और खाने में क्या देना है?

डॉक्टर ठंडी चीज़ों व बाहर के खाने के अतिरिक्त कुछ भी दे सकते हैं।

अनिमेष धन्यवाद डॉक्टर साहब, यह लीजिए आपकी फ़ीसा डॉक्टर धन्यवाद!

अथवा

अभिभावक नमस्ते मैडम जी!

अध्यापिका नमस्ते, आप सचिन की माताजी हैं?

अभिभावक हाँ जी!

अध्यापिका मुझे आपसे सचिन के लिए कुछ बात करनी है। इसलिए मैंने आपको विद्यालय बुलाया है। एक तो ‘सचिन’ पिछले कुछ दिनों से विद्यालय समय पर नहीं आता और दूसरा विद्यालय यूनिफार्म भी पूरी नहीं होती। कक्षा के सभी विद्यार्थी अपना कक्षा-कार्य समय पर करते हैं, जबकि सचिन कक्षा-कार्य भी पूरा नहीं करता और न ही कभी गृहकार्य पूरा करके लाता है।

अभिभावक मैडम, मैं प्रातःकाल जितनी भी कोशिश कर लूं सचिन को उठाने की, परंतु ये नहीं उठता। इसी कारण यह विद्यालय में समय पर नहीं पहुँचता।

अध्यापिका क्या मैं जान सकती हैं कि ‘सचिन’ घर पहुँचकर क्या करता है, क्योंकि विद्यालय में तो इसका ध्यान पढ़ाई में नहीं लगता। अपने साथ-साथ यह अन्य विद्यार्थियों को भी अपनी संगति में लेकर बिगाड़ रहा है। आपको पता है अभी ‘गणित’ की मासिक परीक्षा में ‘सचिन’ अनुत्तीर्ण था और यदि ऐसा ही रहा तो मुझे तो नहीं लगता कि ‘सचिन’ अगली कक्षा में जाएगा।

अभिभावक ठीक है मैडम! कुछ समय से मेरा स्वास्थ्य ठीक नहीं था, जिस कारण मैं सचिन पर ध्यान नहीं दे पाई, किंतु अब मैं पूर्ण रूप से स्वस्थ हूँ। अब मैं सचिन पर पूरा ध्यान देंगी और आपको शिकायत का अवसर नहीं देंगी।

अध्यापिका ठीक है। अगर ऐसा होता है तो यह बहुत अच्छी बात है।

अभिभावक धन्यवाद!

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 English Communicative Paper 4 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 English Communicative. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 English Communicative Paper 4.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 English Communicative Paper 4

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 9 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 4 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9 English Communicative is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time : 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 100

General Instructions:

1. This question paper is divided into three sections.
   • Section A: Reading                 20 Marks
   • Section B: Writing and Grammar  30 Marks
   • Section C: Literature (Textbooks)  30 marks
2. All the questions are compulsory.
3. All the questions of a particular section must be attempted in the correct order.

 Section (A)
Reading (20 Marks)

Questions.

Question 1.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. (8)

Spices bring to mind images of tempting culinary art, fascinating travels and the bitter struggle for supremacy. Expressions like ‘Variety is the spice of life’ and ‘sugar and spice and all that is nice’ show how spellbound were men of letters about spices.

To Orientals, spices are indeed the soul of food. In the Western world, it evokes dreams of exotic tropical islands, exciting expeditions to find routes to the source and the rise and fall of empires. Columbus went westwards in 1492 from Europe to find a sea route to the land of spices but found the New world. Eight years later, Vasco da Gama went round Africa and touched Kozhikode on the South-West coast of India. Long before that, Arabs started trading with the Orient through land routes. During the 13th century, Marco Polo experienced the attraction of spices in his travels. Even the European conquests and trade arrangement in India and the East Indies have a lot to do with spices.

Thousands of years ago, great masters of Ayurveda (the Indian system of medicine), notably Susruta and Charaka, discussed in detail the use of spices for culinary and medicinal purposes. Enterprising soldiers of fortune took the knowledge of spices to Egypt. There they used spices and aromatic herbs in food, medicine, cosmetics and for embalming. The conquest of Egypt and Asia by Alexander the Great made spices an article of commerce in Mediterranean countries and later to central and Northern Europe. There are reports of pepper being used in meat, both to aid preservation and to mask the unwelcome odour of deterioration of quality during the long winter storage.

Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, and Theophrastus, a Greek scholar and botanist, wrote treatises on medicinal plants, including spices. India has been home of most of the major spices of the world with Kerala varieties dominating in international
(i) Why do spices fascinate people? (1)
(ii) Where do Orientals live? (1)
(iii) Where did Columbus want to reach? (1)
(iv) What is meant by ‘culinary skills’? (1)
(v) What did Susruta and Charaka discuss in detail? (1)
(vi) What made spices an article of commerce in Mediterranean countries? (1)
(vii)Who have written treatises on medicinal plants, including spices? (1)
(viii) When and who experienced the attraction of spices in his travels?

Question 2.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. (12)
The value of higher education cannot be underestimated considering the contemporary realities of the competitive marketplace. A higher education degree literally serves as the first impression of a jobseeker applying for employment. A college degree is a person’s pass to the business world and so work-related opportunities are enormous. Truth is, college degrees are never the same if we take into account the reputation of higher establishment as well as the prestige of a particular field of studies.

Today’s holders of college degrees have unprecedented opportunities of job search since the employment market has largely expanded through online domains, offering freelance and part-time vacancies. Though, in both real and virtual employment, it is always a person’s CV (resume) that is initially considered by an employer, in 95% of cases the inclusion of a college degree is a must to get a well-paid job.

Overall, college education provides students with appropriate knowledge and skills to be used later in real life circumstances and the working environment. However, career choices do not matter since the contemporary market is vast and enormous.

In particular, college education enables students to gain preliminary information about many essential aspects required to cope with real-life challenges. Then students expand their knowledge and acquire practical skills by grasping abstract theories and concepts. A college curriculum teaches students how to clearly express personal standpoints and opinions both in conversation and writing. In most cases students acquire global thinking as well as thinking relevant to the solution of specific problems.

Furthermore, students learn how to work in teams and solve tasks in cooperation; this enables establishment of team spirit and ability to make a personal contribution to overall mutual achievement. Various case studies based on real-life experiences teach students to understand the subject better and therefore adapt to further complexities.

opportunities since it is the identification of one’s academic qualification.
(i) How does college education help students cope with real life challenges? (2)
(ii) What is the importance of a college curriculum? (2)
(iii) How does college education aim at establishing team spirit ? (2)
(iv) Why are case studies an important part of higher education ? (2)
(v) Which word in paragraph 2 means the same as “something which never happened before”? (1)
(vi) Which word in paragraph 4 means the same as ‘having to do with ideas rather than physical objects’? (1)
(vii) The word in paragraph 3 which is an antonym of the word ‘virtual’ is (1)
(viii) The word in paragraph 1 which is a synonym of the word ‘current’ is (1)

Section (B)
Writing and Grammar (30 Marks)

Question 3.
Recently your school ‘Adventure Club’ visited Kedarnath in Uttarakhand. Write a diary entry sharing your wonderful experience there, using your ideas along with ideas from the MCB unit ‘Adventure’. You may take help of the clues given below as well (100 – 120 words). (8)

Or

The problem of vehicular pollution is ever increasing. You are concerned about its effects on the health of people. Write an article expressing your concern in 100-120 words for your school magazine. You can take ideas from the visual given below, and from the MCB unit on ‘Environment’. You are Priyank/Priyanka of class-IX.

Question 4.
Write a short story in 200-250 words using the following clues. (12)

Or

Write a short story in 200-250 words with the beginning given below. Also give a suitable title.
“Once upon a time there lived a farmer named Kishan ”

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks with the words that you consider to be the most appropriate. (1×3 = 3)
The fact that dance (a) …. an art form is well-known. But dance as (b) …. therapy is not known to (c) …. It involves a graceful performance.

Question 6.
The following passage has not been edited. There is an error in each of the lines against which a blank is given. Identify the incorrect word and write it along with the correction in the answer sheet. (1 / 2 x 8 = 4)

Question 7.
Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done for you as an example. (1×3 = 3)
loves / to / he / cricket / play He loves to play cricket.
(i) exercise / mean / does not / to the / running / lameness / point / of
(ii) it / should / a safe / programme / and / sensible / be
(iii) the exercise / chosen / remain / with you / should / a lifetime / for

Section (C)
Literature (Textbooks) (30 marks)

Question 8.
Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow. (1×4 = 4)
“They chained me up like a wild animal, they lashed me like a hound. I fed on filth, I was covered, with vermin.”
(i) Whom do ‘they’ and T refer to?
(ii) Why is the speaker describing his ordeal?
(iii) Was the speaker cruel enough to be meted this treatment?
(iv) What act did the speaker commit after this?

Or

“I have decided I want to learn the Kannada alphabet from tomorrow onwards. I will work very hard. I will keep Saraswati Pooja day during Dassara as the deadline. That day I should be able to read a novel on my own. I want to be independent.”
(i) Who is T here?
(ii) Why did the speaker say these words?
(iii) What does the speaker want to learn?
(iv) What gesture did the speaker make after she had achieved her target?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in about 30-40 words each. (2×4 = 8)
(i) Why did Chuck feel more lonely at home?
(ii) What is the significance of the ‘sigh’ in the last stanza? ,
(iii) In what ways did Juliette flatter Jeanne?
(iv) Why does Wordsworth compare the song of the solitary reaper with the song of the nightingale and the cuckoo bird?
(v) How can Shakespeare compare human life to a drama?

Question 10.
Answer any one of the following questions in 100-120 words. (8)
Did conflict in values make Mrs Bramble upset to hear that Bill had decided not to fight? What values were they? Do you think she was right in being upset?

Or

“Forgiveness is a divine but rare virtue.” Comment on this statement with reference to the poem ‘Lord Ullin’s Daughter’.

Long Reading Text (Novel)

Question 11.
Answer any one of the following questions in about 150-200 words from the novel of your choice. (10)
Gulliver’s Travels
In part III, Swift satirises the attempts of scientists in his section of the Lagado Academy. Does this Satire relate only to his own time or does it still have relevance in the modern age?

Or

Write a brief character sketch of the farmer in Brobdingnag.

Or

Three Men in a Boat
Why did the three friends decide to go on a holiday? Was their purpose fulfilled? Give reasons for your answer.

Or

What impression is J able to leave on the reader’s mind?

Answers.

Answer 1.
1.1
(i) Spices fascinate people because they bring to mind images of tempting culinary art, fascinating travels and the bitter struggle for supremacy.
(ii) Orientals live in the Orient, i.e. East of Europe.
(iii) Columbus wanted to reach the land of spices by finding a sea route.
(iv) It means the skills of cooking food.
(v) Susruta and Charaka discussed in detail the use of spices for culinary and medicinal purposes.
(vi) The conquest of Egypt and Asia by Alexander the Great made spices an article of commerce in Mediterranean countries.
(vii) Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, and Theophrastus, a Greek scholar and botanist, wrote treatises on medicinal plants, including spices.
(viii) During the 13th century, Marco Polo experienced the attraction of spices in his travels.

Answer 2.
(i) College education enables students to gain preliminary information about many essential aspects required Jo cope with real-life challenges.
(ii) A college curriculum teaches students how to clearly express personal standpoints and opinions in conversation and writing.
(iii) College education establishes team spirit as students learn how to work in teams and solve tasks in cooperation.
(iv) Case studies based on real life experiences teach students to understand the subject better and therefore adapt to further complexities. Hence, they are an important part of higher education.
(v) The word is ‘unprecedented’.
(vi) The word is ‘abstract’.
(vii) ‘real’

Answer 3.
Saturday, 2nd May, 20XX
1:00 pm
Dear Diary
I want to share with you my trekking experience at Kedarnath during the summer holidays. I was a part of our school’s Adventure Club which visited the Kedarnath shrine in Uttarakhand.
It was a wonderful experience to trek over 14 kilometres to reach the shrine from the bus terminus. The climb was rather steep, but with encouragement from the teachers accompanying us, we all were able to reach the shrine without a hitch.
On the way up, we stopped twice to refresh ourselves with tea and snacks available locally.
The cool breeze at the shrine was really invigorating, as we were really tired.
After attending the rituals at the temple, we had a delicious lunch before returning to the bus terminus the same evening. I will never forget this adventurous trip!
Manisha

Or

Vehicular Pollution and its Affects
by Priyanka, Class IX
Vehicular pollution has become one of the most common environmental issue, especially in the highly populated cities. Pollution from idling vehicles, older and inadequately maintained vehicles as well as diesel cars is the worst contributor to the problem. People who are constantly exposed to vehicular pollution are reported to suffer from more than average respiratory problems, allergies and general sickness. It is not just hitting the adults, but also the immunity of children, thus affecting the life expectancy levels of the country.
Therefore, this situation must be addressed with a stringent application of environmental laws. Switching to hybrid cars, adopting car pooling methods and promoting public transport are some measures that can be helpful in controlling the swift rise in pollution and its harmful effects.

Answer 4.
Once upon a time there lived a poor woman who used to toil for hours for her only son Raj. She worked for a livelihood to buy medicine for her son who was suffering from cancer. The woman spent sleepless nights to look after him. But it was unfortunate that the mother could not save her son. The old woman bemoaned the death and went to Lord Buddha.

She prayed to the Lord to revive her son. Lord Buddha asked the woman to collect three fistsful of gram from families who had never experienced any death in the family. The lady went from door to door hoping to receive the gram. She walked many miles barefoot, but in vain. Death had touched all the doors. The lady, in extreme agony, realised the universal truth. In her pain, she went through self-realisation. She realised that death is inevitable and humans are mortal. It is in death that one receives salvation. This grim realisation brought a great consolation and peace to the old lady’s mind. The lady attained spiritual bliss in her realisation of accepting death as a certainty.

Or

The Farmer’s Fate
Once upon a time there lived a farmer named Kishan in Daulatpur village of Aligarh district. He was very hardworking and honest. His family members included his wife and four children. They were content with whatever income he earned and were living happily. Kishan worked very hard on his land and worked hard to grow his crops.

Unfortunately his hard work did not bring fruitful results and he suffered a lot. The major reason was that he could not use essential fertilisers and proper equipment to enhance the quality of his grains. As he was a poor farmer, he could not use modern materials and equipment. To improve the quality of seeds and to grow his crops better, he required a tractor and costly fertilisers. Finally he decided to buy a tractor. But he did not have enough money, so he had to mortgage his land. Ultimately, he mortgaged his land and sold his wife’s ornaments to buy costly diesel and fertilisers.

As a result, his crops grew faster and of better quality than before. This time he was very happy as it was a period of celebration for him and he was expecting to gain profit by selling his crops at a higher price. But unfortunately, due to a fall in foodgrain prices, he could not make profit by selling his crops. Now, he was left with him no money and was bound to accept his unchangeable fate.

Answer 5.
(a) is
(b) a
(c) Many

Answer 6.

Answer 7.
(i) Exercise does not mean running to the point of lameness.
(ii) It should be a safe and sensible programme.
(iii) The exercise chosen should remain with you for a lifetime.

Section (C)
Literature (Textbooks)

Answer 8.
(i) ‘They’ refers to the jail authorities and T refers to the convict.
(ii) The convict is describing his ordeal in the prison because the Bishop wanted to know about it.
(iii) No, the speaker had only stolen to feed his ill wife. He did not deserve such cruel treatment.
(iv) The convict tried to steal the Bishop’s candlesticks when the Bishop went out of the room.

Or

(i) There is Krishtakka, the grandmother.
(ii) The speaker said these words because she was illiterate and could not read the latest episode of the story Kashi Yatre being published in the weekly magazine Karmaveera.
(iii) The speaker wants to learn the Kannada alphabet to be literate and independent.
(iv) After the grandmother had achieved her target of becoming literate, she thanked her teacher (actually her granddaughter) by touching her feet as a token of respect.

Answer 9.
(i) When Chuck was in the hospital getting treated for paralysis, there were other injured people too and so he was not lonely there. However, when he reached home he was left alone as his wife used to leave for work every morning.
(ii) The sigh near the end of the poem, “The Road not Taken” is intended to express a feeling of regret. It is used to express the fact that the poet would never know what would have happened to him if he had taken the other road.
(iii) Juliette tried to flatter Jeanne as she said that the villa would suit her admirably and she will get a feeling of being at home. She said that Jeanne as an elegant lady and the villa would be like a proper frame for a delightful drawing like Jeanne.
(iv) Wordsworth compares the song of the solitary reaper with the song of the nightingale and the cuckoo bird to convey that the voice of the solitary reaper is more melodious, emotional and soothing than that of the two birds.
(v) Shakespeare compares human life to a drama in which a person plays many parts as he progresses through life from infancy to old age. He finally exits from this Earth just like an actor who has completed his role on the stage.

Answer 10.
Yes, Mrs Bramble faced a conflict of values when she heard that Bill Bramble, her husband, was not going to fight the bout which would have given them enough money to finance her son’s education, A victory in the bout would bring five hundred pounds to Bill, while even a defeat would give him one hundred and twenty pounds. This money is very important for the Brambles as it will be used in giving Harold the best education. However, Mrs Bramble does not like violence (like a bout of boxing) at all and it is one of her family’s values. Thus, Mrs Bramble gets upset due to a moral conflict between her family values and their, financial needs. I think it is justified for her to become upset because it is natural for a mother to worry about her son’s welfare. However, the important thing in such a situation is to overcome the worries and live on.

Or

Forgiveness is a noble virtue which blesses both the giver and the receiver. It is very difficult to forgive those who offend us. It requires a lot of love and compassion, and most importantly, strength and tolerance to be able to forgive others.
In the poem ’Lord Ullin’s Daughter’, the father does not approve of the relationship between his daughter and the chieftain. He feels that his daughter’s marrying the chieftain of another clan would bring disgrace to his name, his family and his tribe. For him, his excessive pride and honour of his family name was more important than human life. The end is the tragic drowning of his daughter in the tempestuous sea before his own eyes. If he had practised the virtue of forgiveness, he could have reconciled with his daughter.

Long Reading Text (Novel)

Answer 11.
The Lagado academy is a satire on abstract or theoretical knowledge, which is pursued for its own sake, with no thought to the practical applications or consequences in the real world. Even now, huge amounts of public money are being spent worldwide on experiments that may or may not have long term results for mankind.
The Professor who was working on a project to extract sunbeams from cucumbers is a famous and often-quoted example of the seeming foolishness of academicians. Another scientist, whose hands and clothes were covered with filth, was trying to convert human excreta back to food. Yet another one was attempting to make gunpowder from ice. He was also planning to publish articles on malleability of fire. It is believed that the most ridiculous experiments and theories mentioned at the academy in the book had actually been carried out or proposed by the scientist members of the Royal Society of London for improving natural knowledge. This is a scientific society founded in 1660 which continues under the shortened name, The Royal Society. It had among its members such distinguished people as Isaac Newton and Robert Boyle.

Or

Foolish Opportunist The farmer was the same huge creature whom Gulliver had first seen pursuing his companions. Gulliver was left alone in the island of Brobdingnag when the giant master, the farmer, took Gulliver from his servant and placed him on the ground. The farmer took Gulliver to his family. He was kind with Gulliver and offered him food. He understood that the relatively tiny Gulliver was as rational as he himself was and treated him gently. However, the farmer put Gulliver on display around Brobdingnag, which clearly showed that he would rather profit from his discovery than treat him as an equal. His cruel side was revealed when he nearly starved Gulliver to death. The farmer, as a character, represented the average Brobdingnagian’s poor intelligence, wielding an extraordinary power over Gulliver simply by the virtue of his immense size.

Commercial Minded He easily got influenced by his friend’s advice to utilise Gulliver as a commercial commodity for earning a profit. He earned as much as he could by showcasing Gulliver as an object of entertainment in towns. He even sold Gulliver to the queen to get rid of further expenses for Gulliver’s maintenance.

Three Men in a Boat
The three friends, Harris, George and Jerome (the narrator) decided to go on a holiday because they felt greatly stressed due to overwork. After debating whether they should go for a sea trip or a boating trip, they decided on taking a boating trip up the River Thames. It was an interesting experience, as they told old stories, laughed and played during the trip, thoroughly enjoying the journey. They had various escapades and Jerome also recounted many of his memories of his earlier trips which were really hilarious. All these activities left them exhausted, as they had to struggle for initially making all the arrangements for the trip, cooking while on the trip, dealing with the problems faced by Montmorency, the narrator’s dog, and many other problems. It wasn’t enjoyable to wake up early on a cold and wet morning everyday while on the trip. However, on the whole, it was an enjoyable trip and so its purpose, to de-stress them, was fulfilled.

Or

Happy-go-Lucky J is the narrator of the story and appears to be a happy-go-lucky man. He has varied shades. At first he is a hypochondriac who thinks that he has all the diseases of the world. He likes to be the leader, which is clearly depicted from his behaviour when they pack for the boat.

Knowledgeable and Helpful He is also fond of animals and shows considerable knowledge about the things around him. Like his two friends, he is also vain but more sensible and practical. He also has a helpful side which becomes apparent in the incident of the cheese. He is a true philosopher whose soul dwells in romance and imagination.

Aesthetic Sense As a man of strong imagination, J is a man having his head often in the clouds. He is found to be a great observer of nature as well as the human mind, as he comments about his other two friends. He also has a keen sense of aesthetics as he praises the glory of Kingston and its art and artisans as well as in praising the China dog as a specimen of craft. He even critiques his friends’ choices of clothing and gestures.

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