CBSE Class 8

India After Independence Class 8 History Chapter 12 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 12 India After Independence.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 12 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 History Chapter 12 Extra Questions and Answers India After Independence

India After Independence Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 12 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What was the clear challenge for the newly independent nation India?
Answer:
The clear challenge of the new nation was to lift it masses out of poverty.

Question 2.
Mention the years during which Constitution was framed.
Answer:
The Constitution was framed between December 1946 and November 1949.

Question 3.
Name the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly.
Answer:
Dr B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.

Question 4.
For what purpose Potti Sriramulu died of fasting?
Answer:
He died of fasting for a separate state for Telugu speakers.

Question 5.
What had became the symbol of development in Independent India?
Answer:
Bridges and dams became the symbol of development in Independent India.

Question 6.
With which country’s help was the Bhilai Steel Plant set up?
Answer:
With the help of Soviet Union in 1959, Bhilai Steel Plant was set up.

Question 7.
Name one of the world’s largest slum from Mumbai.
Answer:
Dharavi in Mumbai is one of the world’s largest slum.

Question 8.
When did India celebrate its 60th Independence day?
Answer:
On 15th August 2007, India celebrated in sixty years of independence.

Question 9.
In which year was the Punjab divided?
Answer:
In the year 1966, Punjab was divided.

Question 10.
How was Dr B.R. Ambedkar respectfully referred?
Answer:
Dr B.R. Ambedkar was respectfully referred to as Babasaheb.

Question 11.
What was the major debate in the Constituent Assembly concerned to?
Answer:
Major debate in the constituent Assembly concerned to language.

Question 12.
When was the planning commission setup by the government?
Answer:
Planning commission was set up in 1950 by the government.

Question 13.
What was the main focus of Ilnd 5 year plan?
Answer:
IInd 5 year plan strongly focussed on the development of heavy industries.

Question 14.
Mention some features the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
Free press, independent judiciary, unity in diversity.

Question 15.
What is Franchise.
Answer:
The Right to is called Franchise. .

Question 16.
What is meant by the term Refugee?
Answer:
Refugee is the one who had been forced to leave his/her country/home due to any specific condition on reason.

Question 17.
Define union list.
Answer:
Union list is the discussion about the subjects such as taxes, defence and foreign affairs, basically the responsibility of the centre is discussed.

Question 18.
What subjects does concurrent lists deals with?
Answer:
Subjects such at forest and Agriculture.

India After Independence Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 12 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What was the promise made to major linguistics groups by Indian National Congress back in 1920’s ?
Answer:
The promises made by the Indian National Congress in 1920’s to the major linguistic groups were that once the country won independence, each major linguistic group would have its own province.

Question 2.
Describe about Dr B. R. Ambedkar in short.
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (1891 – 1956) was respectfully referred to as Babasaheb, he belonged to a Marathi speaking dalit ‘Mahar’ community family. He was a lawyer and economist, he was best known as a revered leader of the dalits and the father of the Indian Constitution.

Question 3.
What were features of the Constitution of India?
Answer:
The features of the constitution were:
Ist: The adoption of the Universal Adult Franchise, means that all Indians above the age of 21 would be allowed to vote in state and national elections.

IInd: The Constitution guaranteed equality before the law to all citizens, regardless of their castes or religious affiliation.

IIIrd: The Constitution offers special privileges for the poorer and the most disadvantaged Indian. The practice of untouchability was abolished.

Question 4.
What was the topic of discussion for the Constituent Assembly for many days? Also define what is meant by state lift?
Answer:
The Constituent Assembly spent many days discussing the powers of the central government verses the power of the state governments.
State list: comprised of the subjects rise education and health that would be taken care of principally by the states.

Question 5.
What were the problems of development added to the problems of unity at Independence? Answer:
After independence also vast majority of Indians lived in villages. Farmers and peasants depended on the monsoon for their survival. So did the non-farm sector of rural economy and if the crops failed due to any reason the barbers, carpenters, weavers and other services groups were not paid.

In cities, factory workers lived in crowded slums with little access to education or health care. New nation got challenge for lifting its masses out of poverty by increasing productivity of agriculture and job creation.

India After Independence Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 12 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What had happened after the creation of Andhra Pradesh and what was the report submitted by states reorganization committee says?
Answer:
After the creation of Andhra Pradesh other linguistic communities also demanded their own separate states. A state Reorganisation Commission was set up, which submitted its report in 1956, recommending the redrawing of district and provincial boundaries to form compact provinces of Assamese, Bengali, Oriya, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu speakers respectively.

The large Hindi-speaking region of North India was broken up into several states. A little later, in 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into sperate states of Marathi and Gujarati speakers.

In 1966, the state of Punjab was also divided into Punjab and Haryana, the former for the Punjabi speakers (who were also mostly Sikhs), the latter for the rest (who not spoke Punjabis but versions of Haryanvi and Hindi).

Question 2.
Although Many Indians contributed to the framing of Constitution perhaps it is said that most important role was played by Dr BR Ambedkar. Explain how?
Answer:
Many Indians contributed to the framing of the Constitution. But perhaps the most important role was played by B.R. Ambedkar, who was chairman of the drafting committee, and under whose supervision the document was finalized.

In his final speech to the constituent assembly, Dr Ambedkar pointed out that political democracy had to be accompanied by economic and social democracy. Giving the right to vote not automatically lead to the removal of other inequalities such as between rich and poor, or between upper and lower castes.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 History Chapter 12 India After Independence

Look at the pictures given below and answer the Questions:

Picture-1

Question:
1. What does the picture show?
2. What does the resolution outline?
Answer:
1. The pictures show Jawaharlal Nehru introducing the resolution of the Constitution.
2. The resolution outlined the objectives of the Constitution.

Picture-2

Question:
1. What does the picture shows?
2. By whom was Mahatma Gandhi assassinated?
Answer:
1. The picture shows the Mahatma Gandhi’s ashes being immersed in Allahabad, February 1948.
2. Gandhi was assassinated by a fanatic, Nathuram Godse.

Picture-3

Question:
1. Where is the Gandhi Sagar Bandh built?
2. When was it completed?
Answer:
1. It is built on the Chambal river in Madhya Pradesh.
2. It was completed in 1960.

Map-Based Questions Class 8 History Chapter 12 India After Independence

Look at the map given below and answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Locate the following princely states.
(i) Jammu and Kashmir
(ii) Rajasthan, Gujarat
(iii) Hyderabad
(iv) Manipur
Answer:

Question 2.
Locate the following Indian states
(i) Andhra Pradesh
(ii) Uttar Pradesh
(iii) Bihar
(iv) Bengal
(v) Maharashtra
Answer:

From Trade to Territory Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 2 CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 2 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

From Trade to Territory Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 2

From Trade to Territory Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
In which year did Aurangzeb died?
Answer:
Aurangzeb died in the year 1707.

Question 2.
Who led the Revolt of 1857 from the Mughal emperors?
Answer:
Among the Mughal emperors, the last Mughal king Bahdur Shah Zafar led the Revolt of 1857.

Question 3.
In which year did East India Company get the Royal Charter from kingship of England and who was the ruler of England at that time?
Answer:
In 1600, East India Company got the royal Charter from Kingship and Queen Elizabeth – I was the ruler of England.

Question 4.
Who was the Ist explorer from Portugal?
Answer:
Vasco da Gama was the Ist Explorer from Portugal in 1498.

Question 5.
What was reason behind the battles between the European trading companies.
Answer:
The reason behind the battles among the European trading companies was the rising competition.

Question 6.
Where was the Ist factory of British East India Company established and in which year?
Answer:
Ist English factory was established on the banks of river Hugli in the year 1651.

Question 7.
What is Factory according to the colonial time period in India?
Answer:
Factory was a place from where the factors were operated and it had a warehouse where goods for export were stored.

Question 8.
What was the Farman issued by Aurangzeb to the Company?
Answer:
Farman granted Right to trade duty-free to the Company.

Question 9.
Who was the Nawab of Bengal at the time of Battle of Plassey?
Answer:
Sirajuddaulah was the Nawab of Bengal at the time of Battle of Plassey.

Question 10.
Who was the commander of Sirajuddaulah who cheated him at the time of Battle of Plassey?
Answer:
Mir Jafar was the commander who cheated Sirajuddaulah at the time of Battle of Plassey.

Question 11.
In which year was the Company appointed as the Diwan of Bengal by the Mughal Emperor?
Answer:
In the year 1765, the Company was appointed as the Diwan of Bengal by the Mughal Emperor.

Question 12.
What was the outcome of the appointment of the Company as the Diwan of Bengal?
Answer:
Appointment of the Company as Diwan of Bengal resulted in the beginning of exploitation of the vast revenue of the Bengal.

Question 13.
How many wars were fought between Mysore Kingdom and the Britishers?
Answer:
Four Wars were fought between Mysore and Britishers.

Question 14.
Mention the time period in which prolonged war was fought between the Britishers and Afghanistan?
Answer:
1838 – 1842 was the time period when the prolonged war was fought and the Company rule was established in Afghanistan.

Question 15.
Name of the Governor-general who introduced several administrative reforms.
Answer:
Warren Hastings was the Governor-General who introduced several administrative reforms.

Question 16.
What was the main aim of the Company before the territorial expansion?
Answer:
Trading and earning profit from trade was the main aim of the Company before the territorial expansion.

Question 17.
Who was established as Nawab in replacement of Mir Jafar?
Answer:
Mir Qasim was installed as the Nawab in place of Mir Jafar.

Question 18.
Which state was annexed by the Company on the ground of misgovernance?
Answer:
Awadh was annexed by the Company on the ground of misgovernance.

Question 19.
Name country from which Tipu Sultan established a great relation.
Answer:
The French was the country from which Tipu established a great relation.

Question 20.
Mention the states which were annexed on the basic of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ policy.
Answer:
Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur and Jhansi were the states annexed on the basis of this policy.

Question 21.
Define the word ‘Charter’?
Answer:
An offficial order is called charter.

Question 22.
When was the Battle of Buxar fought?
Answer:
The Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764.

Question 23.
Mention the period of Lord Dalhousie as Governor-General of India.
Answer:
From 1848 – 1856, Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General of India.

From Trade to Territory Class 8 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Mention the aftermath of the death of Aurangzeb in 1707?
Answer:
Aurangzeb died in 1707 which resulted in:

1. Establishment of several regional kingdoms.
2. Governors under the Mughals took over the control over states.
3. Existence of several regional kingdoms was seen.

Question 2.
It is said that before the Britishers, the Portuguese already got established in India. Explain how?
Answer:
Yes, the Portuguese had been settled in India before the establishment of the Britishers as in 1498, a Portuguese explorer named Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to India resulting in establishment of base at Goa.

Question 3.
What were the things which India had for the purpose of trade?
Answer:
India had several things from which trade of the East India Company got wide and the rate of their profit got maximised. Those things were pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon.

Question 4.
What did the Company on its part declare about the Nawabs of Bengal?
Answer:
The Company on its part declared that the unjust demands of the Nawabs were ruining their trade and they could only trade when the duties would be removed from them. It was convinced that to expand trade the Company had to enlarge its settlements, buy up villages and rebuild its forts.

Question 5.
Why did Warren Hasting go through the impeachment process?
Answer:
When Hastings went back to England in 1785, Edmund Burke accused him of being involved and at individual level responsible for misgovernment of Bengal. This led to an impeachment process against Warren Hastings.

Question 6.
How did the new policy of paramountcy get challenged in Kitoor?
Answer:
When the British tried to annex the small state of Kitoor (in Karnataka today) Rani Channamma took arms in her hands and led an anti-British resistance movement. But after she died in prison, Rayanna a poor chowkidar of Sangoli in Kitoor carried on challenging the policy of the British.

From Trade to Territory Class 8 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Name the policy devised by Lord Dalhousie for annexation purpose and explain how it worked and also name states annexed under this policy.
Answer:
Lord Dalhousie was the Governor-General from 1848 – 1856 and he was reason behind the final wave of annexations. He devised a policy that came to be known as Doctrine of Lapse. The policy declared that if an Indian ruler died without any male heir, his kingdom would lapse and that will become part of the Company territory.

The states which were annexed under this policy were:
Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1850), Udaipur (1852), Nagpur (1853), and Jhansi (1854).

Question 2.
How did the Mysore grow in strength under the leadership of its powerful rulers Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan?
Answer:
Mysore had grown in strength under the kingship of the powerful rulers Haidar Ali (1761 – 1782) and his son Tipu Sultan (1782 – 1799). Tipu was also called ‘The Tiger of Mysore’. Mysore controlled the powerful trade of Malabar coast from where the Company purchased pepper and cardamoms.

Tipu stopped the export of sandalwood, pepper and cardamom through ports of his kingdom and disallowed the local merchants from trading with the Company. He also established a close relationship with the French in India and modernised his army with their help. This is how Mysore got strengthen under the kingship of Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan.

Question 3.
Explain the policy of Paramountcy, also explain the struggle of Kitoor in challenging this aggressive policy.
Answer:
The Company adopted an aggressive policy of territorial expansion. Under Hastings (1813 – 1823)
Governor Generalship, a new policy of paramountcy was initiated with which the Company claimed that its authority was paramount and supreme so the power of the Company was greater than that of Indian states. So in order to protect the Company’s interest it was justified annexing or threatening of annexation to the Indian states. This policy and its aim continued to guide the later British policies as well.

The struggle of Kitoor challenging this policy was really commendable. When the British tried to annex the small state of Kitoor in Karnataka, Rani Channamma took to arms and led an anti-British resistence movement. She got arrested in 1824 and died in prison in 1829. After her Rayanna, a poor chowkidar of Sangoli in Kitoor carried on resistence. With popular support many British camps and records were destroyed by him. He was later caught and hanged by the British in 1830. This is the struggle of Kitoor.

Picture Based Questions Class 10 History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Describe briefly about the picture given above.
Answer:
The picture does represents ‘toy tiger’ of Tipu Sultan the great warriors. The picture is kept in the Victoria and Albert museum in London. The Britishers had took it away. When Tipu Sultan died while defending his capital Sheringpatnam on 4th May 1798.

Map Skills Class 8 History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory

Question 1.
On the outline map of India represent the following under British rule.
(i) Lahore
(ii) Lucknow
(iii) Benaras
(iv) Calcutta
(v) Madras
(vi) Mysore
Answer:

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 2 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is the full form of CITES?
Answer:
CITES is the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

Question 2.
Define National Park?
Answer:
National Park is a natural area designated for the protection of ecological integrity of one or more ecosystem for the present and the future generation.

Question 3.
Name the classification of forests depending on when they shed their leaves?
Answer:
Forests are broadly classified as evergreen and deciduous depending on when they shed their leaves.

Question 4.
Primarily on what factors does the growth of vegetation depends upon?
Answer:
The growth of vegetation depends primary on temperature and moisture.

Question 5.
Why is river Yamuna getting polluted?
Answer:
River Yamuna is getting polluted due to sewage, industrial effluents and garbage released into it.

Question 6.
What quantity of water does a dripping tap waste in a year?
Answer:
A dripping tap water 1200 litres of water in a year.

Question 7.
What are the two major threats to soil as a resource?
Answer:
Soil erosion and depletion are the major threats to soil as a resource.

Question 8.
How much time period is required for the formation of just one centimetre of soil?
Answer:
It takes hundreds of years to make just one centimetre of soil.

Question 9.
Which natural resource covers only about 30% of the total area of the earth’s surface?
Answer:
Land

Question 10.
What is the main reason behind the uneven distribution of population in different parts of the world?
Answer:
It is mainly due to varied characteristics of land and climate.

Question 11.
On what basis land is classified into private land and community land?
Answer:
On the basis of ownership.

Question 12.
What has led to large scale destruction of forest cover and arable land?
Answer:
Growing population and their ever growing demand have led to a large scale destruction of forest cover and arable land.

Question 13.
Why is Hazard Mapping done?
Answer:
Hazard mapping is done to locate areas prone to landslide.

Question 14.
What determines the type of soil?
Answer:
Landform determines the type of soil.

Question 15.
In which year does the consumption of water for human use was 3850 cai/year?
Answer:
In 1975.

Question 16.
Why is Earth appropriately called water planet?
Answer:
Because 3/4th of the earth’s surface is covered with water.

Question 17.
What percent of fresh water is present on Earth?
Answer:
Only about 2.7%.

Question 18.
What is the major problem faced by the world today?
Answer:
Access to clean and adequate water sources is a major problem faced by the world today.

Question 19.
On what does the growth of vegetation depends primarily?
Answer:
The growth of vegetation depends primarily on temperature and moisture.

Question 20.
Give some examples of species protected under CITES.
Answer:
Bears, dolphins, cacti, corals, orchids and aloes, etc.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 2 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is soil and how is soil made fertile?
Answer:
The thin layer of grainy substance covering the surface of the earth is called soil. It is closely linked to land. Landforms determine the type of soil. Soil is made up of organic matter, minerals and weathered rocks found on the earth. This happens through the process of weathering. The right mix of minerals and organic matter make the soil fertile.

Question 2.
What does the weathering mean and how does the weathering help soil?
Answer:
Weathering is the breaking up and decay of exposed rocks by temperature changes, frost action, plants, animals and human activity and soil is made up of organic matter, minerals and weathered rocks found on the earth. This happens through the process of weathering.

Question 3.
How does the major factors of soil formation play an important role?
Answer:
The major factors of soil formation are the nature of the parent rock and climatic factors and

1. Parent Rock: Determines colour, texture, chemical properties minerals, content, permeability.
2. Climate: Temperature, rainfall influence rate of weathering and humus.
3. Relief: Altitude and slope, determine accumulation of soil.
4. Flora, Fauna and Microorganism: Affect the rate of humus formation.
5. Time: Determines thickness of soil profile.

Question 4.
What are some broad mitigation techniques of landslide?
Answer:
Some broad mitigation techniques of landslide are as follows:

1. Hazard mapping for locating lanslides prone area, so that building settlements can be avoided.
2. Construction of retention wall to stop land from slipping.
3. Increase in the vegetation cover to arrest landslide.
4. The surface drainage control works to control the movement of landslide along with rain water and spring flows.

Question 5.
How is the land classified on the basis of ownership? What is the concept of common property resources?
Answer:
Land can be classified on the basis of ownership as private and community land. Private land is owned by the individuals whereas, community land is owned by the community for common uses like collection of fodder, fruits, nuts or medicinal herbs. These community lands are called common property resources.

Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 2 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What is a land and what is the concept of Land use?
Answer:
Land is among the most important natural resources. It covers only about thirty per cent of the total area of the earths’s surface and all parts of this small percentage are not habitable.

Land Life
Land is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries. This is commonly termed as Land use. The use of land is determined by the physical factors such as topography, soil, climate, minerals and availability of water. Human factors such as population and technology are also important determinants of land use pattern.

Question 2.
Describe Landslide and Mitigation mechanism in brief.
Answer:
Landslides are simply defined as the mass movement of rock debris or earth down a slope. They often take place in conjunction with earthquakes, floods and volcanoes. A prolonged spell of rainfall can cause heavy landslide that can block the flow of river for quite some time.

The formation of river blocks can cause havoc to the settlements downstream on its bursting. In the hilly terrain landslides have been a major and widely spread natural disaster that often strike life and property and occupy a position of major concern.

Mitigation mechanism is the advancement in scientific techniques which has empowered us to understand what factors cause landslides and how to manage them.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

1. What does the picture show.
2. Under which category is Tsunami placed?
Answer:
1. The picture shows the loss of rainforest in Great Nicobar after Tsunami.
2. Natural factors accelerating the process of extinction of resources.

Map Skills Class 8 Geography Chapter 2 Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources

Question 1.
On an outline map of India mark the following:
(i) Kaziranga National Park
(ii) Himachal Pradesh
(iii) Great Nicobar
Answer:

Question 2.
On an outline Map of the world mark the regions of the world where there is scarcity of water.
Answer:

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 4 CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 4 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 4

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Where was Birsa seen roaming the village and forests?
Answer:
Birsa was seen roaming the villages and forests of Chottanagpur in Jharkhand.

Question 2.
What was other name used for Jhum cultivation?
Answer:
Shifting cultivation was the other name used for Jhum cultivation.

Question 3.
What is meant by the term fallow?
Answer:
A field left uncultivated for a while so that soil recovers fertility is called fallow.

Question 4.
From where did the Khonds tribes belong to?
Answer:
The Khonds belonged to Orissa.

Question 5.
Which tribes were not ready to work as labourers?
Answer:
The Baigas were not ready to work as labourers.

Question 6.
Which tribes used to work as cattle herders in Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:
The Labadis of Andhra Pradesh were cattle herders.

Question 7.
Who were seen amongst the tribes as more civilised in comparison to the hunter-gatherers and shifting cultivators by the British?
Answer:
The British saw settled tribes like the Gonds and Santhals as more civilised.

Question 8.
Where was the settled plough cultivation not easy?
Answer:
Settled plough cultivation was not easy in areas where water was scare and soil was dry.

Question 9.
Who were Dikus?
Answer:
Dikus were the outsiders.

Question 10.
In which family was Birsa born?
Answer:
Birsa was born in family of Tribal group called Munda.

Question 11.
What differences within the tribes?
Answer:
Tribals have social and economical differences.

Question 12.
Where was the Jhum cultivators done?
Answer:
Jhum cultivation was done on small patch of land.

Question 13.
In which activity were the tribals mostly involved in?
Answer:
The tribals were indulged in herding of animals and rearing of animals.

Question 14.
Who were ‘Vaishnav’?
Answer:
Vaishnav were the worshippers of Lord Vishnu.

Question 15.
What is meant by Saty ug?
Answer:
Satyug means the age of truth.

Question 16.
Which flag was raised as symbol of Birsa raj.
Answer:
White flag was raised as symbol of Birsa raj.

Question 17.
In which year Birsa was arrested?
Answer:
Arrest of Birsa was done in 1895.

Question 18.
How did the Birsa died.
Answer:
In 1900 Birsa died of Cholera and movement got faded.

Question 19.
In which year was Birsa released?
Answer:
Birsa was released in 1897.

Question 20.
How did tribals group reacted against the Britisher’s forest laws?
Answer:
Tribal groups reacted against the Britisher’s forest laws:

1. They disobeyed
2. Openly rebel
3. Revolts took place

Question 21.
What is meant by Embankments?
Answer:
A wall or bank built to prevent river flooding areas.

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
In what ways was the Movement led by Birsa significant?
Answer:
The movement was significant in at least two ways.

1. It forced the colonial government to introduce laws so that land of tribals could not be easily taken by Dikus.
2. It showed once again that tribals had capacity to protest against justice.

Question 2.
In whose company did Birsa spend time and what happened after?
Answer:
Birsa spent some time in the company of a prominent Vaishnav preacher after that Birsa wore the sacred thread and began to value the importance of purity and piety.

Question 3.
Which activity of traders and moneylenders took time to be understood by the tribals?
Answer:
During 19th century tribal groups found that traders and moneylenders were coming into forests more often, wanting to buy forest produce, offering cash loans, and asking them to work for wages. This activity of traders and moneylenders took time to be understood by the tribals.

Question 4.
How did the tribals react against the colonial forest laws?
Answer:
Many tribal groups reacted against the colonial forest laws. They disobeyed the new rules, continued with practices that were declared illegal and at time rose in open rebellion.

Question 5.
What was the lifestyle of Khonds community?
Answer:
The Khonds community lived in the forest of Orissa. They regularly went out on collective hunts then divided the meat amongst themselves. They ate fruits and roots collected from forest and cooked food with oil they extracted from the seeds of Sal and Mahua. The local weavers turned to Khonds in need of Kusum and Palash flowers to colour their clothes and leathers.

Question 6.
What were the reasons behind outsiders offering cash loans and work to tribals on wages. Ans. The reasons were:

1. During 18th century Indian silk was in demand in European market. As the market expanded EIC officials tried to encourage silk production to meet the growing demand.
2. Hazaribagh in present-day Jharkhand was area where Santhals reared cocoons. The traders dealings in silk sent their agents who gave loans to tribals and further process took place.

Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Who were Jhum cultivators and what was the way they adopted for their livelihood?
Answer:
The ones who practised Jhum cultivation that is shifting cultivation were known as Jhum cultivators. Their lifestyle was based on the way they used to do cultivation means that the way they did the cultivation by migrating or shifting very frequently from one place to another.

These cultivation practices included the process in which cultivators used to cut the treetop to allow sunlight to reach the ground, and burnt the vegetation on the land to clear it for cultivation.

They spreaded the ash from the firing, which contained potash to fertilise soil. The axe was used by them to cut trees and hoe to scratch soil in order to prepare it for cultivation. They broadcasted seed, that is, scattered the seeds on the field instead of ploughing the land and sowing the seeds. Once the crop was ready and harvested they moved to another field. The field cultivated once was left fallow.

Question 2.
What was the conditions of the chiefs of Tribals before and after the British? How did British impose the rules and laws on tribal chiefs?
Answer:
Before the arrival of the British, tribal chiefs were important in many areas. They enjoyed certain amount of economic power and had the right to administer and control their territories. In some places they had their own control with police and on the forest management. But under the British rule functions and powers of the tribal chiefs changed considerably.

They were allowed keep their land titles over a cluster of villages and rent outlands. But much of their administrative power was lost and they were forced to follow laws of the British officials in India.

They also had to pay tribute to the British, and discipline the tribal groups on behalf of the British. They lost authority which was earlier enjoyed by them amongst their people and were unable to fulfil their traditional functions.

Question 3.
How did Forest laws impact the life of tribal people?
Answer:
The life of tribal groups was directly connected to forests. So changes in forest laws created considerable effect on tribal lives. The British extended their control over all forests and declared the forests as state property. Some forests produced timber which the British wanted. In these forests, people were not allowed to move freely and practice Jhum cultivation, collect fruit on hunt animals.

Many of Jhum cultivators were forced to move to other areas in search of work and livelihood. The British although later allowed Jhum cultivators by giving small patches of land in forest and allowed them to cultivate these on the condition that those living in villages would have to provide labour to the Forest Department and look after the forest. This was the way the forest laws had impacted the tribals life.

Map Skills Class 8 History Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age

Question 1.
On an outline map of India represent the following:
(i) Gaddis
(ii) Santhal
(iii) Khasi
(iv) Naga
Answer:

Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 7 CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 7 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 7 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 History Chapter 7 Extra Questions and Answers Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners

Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 7 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What made Britain the foremost industrial nation in the 19th century?
Answer:
Mechanised production of cotton made Britain the foremost industrial nation in the 19th century.

Question 2.
Name the place where the Indian textiles were extensively traded.
Answer:
These were traded in Southeast Asia (Java, Sumatra and Penang) and West and Central Asia.

Question 3.
What is meant by Muslin?
Answer:
Finely woven textiles were known as Muslin named by the European traders.

Question 4.
What actually do the term Chintz describe about?
Answer:
Chintz were the printed clothes and the word was derived from Hindi word. Chhint meaning cloth with small and colourful flowery design.

Question 5.
What did the word Bandanna refer to?
Answer:
The word Bandana referred to any coloured and printed scarf for the neck or head.

Question 6.
Which act was passed by the British government banning use of cotton textiles – Chintz in England?
Answer:
The Act was known as the Calico Act.

Question 7.
Who invented the steam engine?
Answer:
The steam engine was invented by Richard Arkwright.

Question 8.
Where did the Tanti weavers belong from?
Answer:
They belonged from Bengal.

Question 9.
What is meant by bellows?
Answer:
Bellows is a device or equipment that can pump air.

Question 10.
Who were the two persons in the year 1904 travelling to search iron ore deposits and in at which place?
Answer:
In 1904, Charles Weld, an American geologist and Dorabji Tata, the eldest son of Jamsetji Tata, were travelling in Chhattisgarh in search of iron ore.

Question 11.
In which year did the TISCO begun producing steel and also name the river bank on which it was situated?
Answer:
TISCO begun producing steel in year 1912 and it was situated on the Subarnarekha River bank.

Question 12.
What does the term smelting mean?
Answer:
The term smelting is the process of obtaining a metal from rock (or soil) by heating it to a very high temperature or of melting objects made from metal in order to use the metal to make something new.

Question 13.
Which were the two industries focused by the British rule?
Answer:
Textile, Iron and Steel industries.

Question 14.
Name the country which was foremost industrial nation in the 19th century?
Answer:
Britain.

Question 15.
Name the country known as the workshop of the world.
Answer:
Britain.

Question 16.
Where is the Surat located in India?
Answer:
It is located in Gujarat.

Question 17.
Name different variety of clothes.
Answer:

1. Chintz
2. Cossae (Khassa)
3. Bandara

Question 18.
In which clothes was the small and colourful flowers were designed?
Answer:
In Chintz

Question 19.
India was the world’s largest producer of which products?
Answer:
Fine quality of cotton textiles.

Question 20.
In which year the Calico act was passed?
Answer:
In 1720.

Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 7 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Who was the discoverer of electricity and electromagnetism and what fascinated him the most among Indian products?
Answer:
Michael Faraday, a European scientist was discoverer of electricity and electromagnetism and he was fascinated with the Indian Wootz. He was fascinated in such a way that he spent his four years studying the properties of Indian Wootz.

Question 2.
How was the TISCO set up at an opportune time? Explain in brief.
Answer:
TISCO was set up at an opportune time as in 19th century. India was importing steel that was manufactured in Britain and expansion of Railway in India had provided a huge market for rails that the British produced. Therefore, in such condition sudden decline in the availability of steel during Ist world war made TISCO the biggest steel industry within the British empire.

Question 3.
Mention the reasons behind the Industries conquest and colocalization of India by the British?
Answer:
The reasons were:

• In late 18th-century company was buying raw material from India at cheaper rates and selling than at huge profits in Europe.
• India was seen as the vast market with the growing industrialisation.

Question 4.
What was the process of cloth making?
Answer:
The process involves:

• First stage of production was spinning.
• After the spinning took place threads were woven into cloth by the weaver.

Question 5.
Describe the growth of cotton mills in India.
Answer:
The Ist cotton mill of India was set up in Bombay in 1854, By 1900, over 84 mills started operation in Bombay. Ist mill in Ahmedabad was started in 1861. A year later mill was established in Kanpur.

Question 6.
Name the part of country of the following weaver communities belongs to:

1. The Tunti weavers
2. The Julahas
3. Sale.

Answer:

1. Tunti weavers they belong Bengal.
2. The Julahas were from North India.
3. Sale were from South India.

Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 7 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
How did Indian Wootz find its place in the history of Tipu Sultan, and what was the actual special feature of Indian Wootz?
Answer:
Tipu Sultan who ruled Mysore till 1799 fought 4 wars with the British and died fighting with his sword which was incredibly hard and sharp-edged that could easily rip through the opponent’s armour.

This quality of sword came from a special type of high carbon steel called Wootz.
Its special features were: Wootz steel, when made into swords, produced a very sharp edge with a flowing water pattern. This pattern came from very small carbon crystals embedded in the iron.

Question 2.
Explain the event of discovery of Rajhara hills, one of the finest ones in world.
Answer:
In the year 1904, Charles Weld, an American geologist and Dorabji Tata the eldest son of Jamsetji Tata were travelling in Chhattisgarh in search of iron ore deposits, and one day they found a group of men and women carrying basket laods of iron ore. These people were Agarias. When the Agarias were asked from where they found iron ore, they pointed to the hill in the distance.

Weld and Dorabji reached the hill after an exhausting trek through dense forests. On exploring the hill, the geologists declared that they had at last found the finest ores, for what they were looking for. The hill name was Rajhara and it had one of the finest ore in the world.

Question 3.
What was the main reason behind the lower demand of iron produced by the local Indian smelters?
Answer:
The main reason behind the lower demand of iron been produced by the local Indian smelters was that by the late 19th-century iron and steel were being imported from Britain. Ironsmiths in India began using the imported iron to manufacture utensils and instruments. This inevitably lowered the demand for iron produced by local smelters.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 History Chapter 7 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners

Look the pictures given below and answer the following questions:

Answer:

1. Patola weaves
2. Jamdani weaves
3. Chintz weaves
4. Vandana weaves

Map Skills Class 8 History Chapter 7 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners

Question 1.
On an outline map of India represent the following which shows the major centres of weaving in the late 18th century.
(i) Punjab (Lahore)
(ii) Gujarat-
(iii) Bengal (Calcutta)
(iv) Bihar (Patna)
(v) Golcon
(vi) Masulipatnamda
Answer: