Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 4 CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age.
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Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 4
Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type
Question 1.
Where was Birsa seen roaming the village and forests?
Answer:
Birsa was seen roaming the villages and forests of Chottanagpur in Jharkhand.
Question 2.
What was other name used for Jhum cultivation?
Answer:
Shifting cultivation was the other name used for Jhum cultivation.
Question 3.
What is meant by the term fallow?
Answer:
A field left uncultivated for a while so that soil recovers fertility is called fallow.
Question 4.
From where did the Khonds tribes belong to?
Answer:
The Khonds belonged to Orissa.
Question 5.
Which tribes were not ready to work as labourers?
Answer:
The Baigas were not ready to work as labourers.
Question 6.
Which tribes used to work as cattle herders in Andhra Pradesh?
Answer:
The Labadis of Andhra Pradesh were cattle herders.
Question 7.
Who were seen amongst the tribes as more civilised in comparison to the hunter-gatherers and shifting cultivators by the British?
Answer:
The British saw settled tribes like the Gonds and Santhals as more civilised.
Question 8.
Where was the settled plough cultivation not easy?
Answer:
Settled plough cultivation was not easy in areas where water was scare and soil was dry.
Question 9.
Who were Dikus?
Answer:
Dikus were the outsiders.
Question 10.
In which family was Birsa born?
Answer:
Birsa was born in family of Tribal group called Munda.
Question 11.
What differences within the tribes?
Answer:
Tribals have social and economical differences.
Question 12.
Where was the Jhum cultivators done?
Answer:
Jhum cultivation was done on small patch of land.
Question 13.
In which activity were the tribals mostly involved in?
Answer:
The tribals were indulged in herding of animals and rearing of animals.
Question 14.
Who were ‘Vaishnav’?
Answer:
Vaishnav were the worshippers of Lord Vishnu.
Question 15.
What is meant by Saty ug?
Answer:
Satyug means the age of truth.
Question 16.
Which flag was raised as symbol of Birsa raj.
Answer:
White flag was raised as symbol of Birsa raj.
Question 17.
In which year Birsa was arrested?
Answer:
Arrest of Birsa was done in 1895.
Question 18.
How did the Birsa died.
Answer:
In 1900 Birsa died of Cholera and movement got faded.
Question 19.
In which year was Birsa released?
Answer:
Birsa was released in 1897.
Question 20.
How did tribals group reacted against the Britisher’s forest laws?
Answer:
Tribal groups reacted against the Britisher’s forest laws:
- They disobeyed
- Openly rebel
- Revolts took place
Question 21.
What is meant by Embankments?
Answer:
A wall or bank built to prevent river flooding areas.
Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Extra Questions Short Answer Type
Question 1.
In what ways was the Movement led by Birsa significant?
Answer:
The movement was significant in at least two ways.
- It forced the colonial government to introduce laws so that land of tribals could not be easily taken by Dikus.
- It showed once again that tribals had capacity to protest against justice.
Question 2.
In whose company did Birsa spend time and what happened after?
Answer:
Birsa spent some time in the company of a prominent Vaishnav preacher after that Birsa wore the sacred thread and began to value the importance of purity and piety.
Question 3.
Which activity of traders and moneylenders took time to be understood by the tribals?
Answer:
During 19th century tribal groups found that traders and moneylenders were coming into forests more often, wanting to buy forest produce, offering cash loans, and asking them to work for wages. This activity of traders and moneylenders took time to be understood by the tribals.
Question 4.
How did the tribals react against the colonial forest laws?
Answer:
Many tribal groups reacted against the colonial forest laws. They disobeyed the new rules, continued with practices that were declared illegal and at time rose in open rebellion.
Question 5.
What was the lifestyle of Khonds community?
Answer:
The Khonds community lived in the forest of Orissa. They regularly went out on collective hunts then divided the meat amongst themselves. They ate fruits and roots collected from forest and cooked food with oil they extracted from the seeds of Sal and Mahua. The local weavers turned to Khonds in need of Kusum and Palash flowers to colour their clothes and leathers.
Question 6.
What were the reasons behind outsiders offering cash loans and work to tribals on wages. Ans. The reasons were:
- During 18th century Indian silk was in demand in European market. As the market expanded EIC officials tried to encourage silk production to meet the growing demand.
- Hazaribagh in present-day Jharkhand was area where Santhals reared cocoons. The traders dealings in silk sent their agents who gave loans to tribals and further process took place.
Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age Class 8 Extra Questions Long Answer Type
Question 1.
Who were Jhum cultivators and what was the way they adopted for their livelihood?
Answer:
The ones who practised Jhum cultivation that is shifting cultivation were known as Jhum cultivators. Their lifestyle was based on the way they used to do cultivation means that the way they did the cultivation by migrating or shifting very frequently from one place to another.
These cultivation practices included the process in which cultivators used to cut the treetop to allow sunlight to reach the ground, and burnt the vegetation on the land to clear it for cultivation.
They spreaded the ash from the firing, which contained potash to fertilise soil. The axe was used by them to cut trees and hoe to scratch soil in order to prepare it for cultivation. They broadcasted seed, that is, scattered the seeds on the field instead of ploughing the land and sowing the seeds. Once the crop was ready and harvested they moved to another field. The field cultivated once was left fallow.
Question 2.
What was the conditions of the chiefs of Tribals before and after the British? How did British impose the rules and laws on tribal chiefs?
Answer:
Before the arrival of the British, tribal chiefs were important in many areas. They enjoyed certain amount of economic power and had the right to administer and control their territories. In some places they had their own control with police and on the forest management. But under the British rule functions and powers of the tribal chiefs changed considerably.
They were allowed keep their land titles over a cluster of villages and rent outlands. But much of their administrative power was lost and they were forced to follow laws of the British officials in India.
They also had to pay tribute to the British, and discipline the tribal groups on behalf of the British. They lost authority which was earlier enjoyed by them amongst their people and were unable to fulfil their traditional functions.
Question 3.
How did Forest laws impact the life of tribal people?
Answer:
The life of tribal groups was directly connected to forests. So changes in forest laws created considerable effect on tribal lives. The British extended their control over all forests and declared the forests as state property. Some forests produced timber which the British wanted. In these forests, people were not allowed to move freely and practice Jhum cultivation, collect fruit on hunt animals.
Many of Jhum cultivators were forced to move to other areas in search of work and livelihood. The British although later allowed Jhum cultivators by giving small patches of land in forest and allowed them to cultivate these on the condition that those living in villages would have to provide labour to the Forest Department and look after the forest. This was the way the forest laws had impacted the tribals life.
Map Skills Class 8 History Chapter 4 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age
Question 1.
On an outline map of India represent the following:
(i) Gaddis
(ii) Santhal
(iii) Khasi
(iv) Naga
Answer:
