CBSE Class 8

Agriculture Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Agriculture

Agriculture Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Define the term Agriculture.
Answer:
Agriculture is the science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing livestock. It is also called farming.

Question 2.
What is meant by Horticulture?
Answer:
Horticulture is the growing of vegetables, flowers and fruits for commercial use.

Question 3.
Define Viticulture.
Answer:
Viticulture means the cultivation of grapes.

Question 4.
Where is the breeding of fish done in the process of Pisciculture?
Answer:
Breeding of fish is done in specially constructed tanks and ponds.

Question 5.
Define commercial farming.
Answer:
In commercial farming crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in market.

Question 6.
Who has discovered the coffee plant?
Answer:
In about AD 850, Kaldi, an Arab goat-herder has discovered the coffee plant.

Question 7.
What type of climate and soil are required by coffee in its growth?
Answer:
Coffee requires warm and wet climate and well-drained loamy soil.

Question 8.
What is also known as ‘Golden Fibre’?
Answer:
Jute is also known as the ‘Golden Fibre’.

Question 9.
Define Agricultural Development.
Answer:
Agricultural development refers to efforts made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demand of increasing population.

Question 10.
Mow does farmers wo.tfs in TJ.S.A?
Answer:
The farmer in U.S.A work like a businessman and not like a peasant farmer.

Question 11.
Give some examples of Primary Activities.
Answer:
Agriculture, fishing, gathering, etc.

Question 12.
Give some examples of secondary activities.
Answer:
Manufacturing of steel, baking of bread and weaving of clothes, etc.

Question 13.
What should be the Meal condition for the growth of jute?
Answer:
It requires high temperature, heavy rainfall, and humid climate.

Question 14.
What is Tea?
Answer:
Tea is a beverage crop grown on plantations.

Question 15.
What is the quantity of labour required for the purpose of picking the leaves?
Answer:
Labour in large quantity is required for the purpose of picking the leaves.

Question 16.
What is the ideal condition for the growth and plantation of Maize?
Answer:
Maize requires moderate temperature, rainfall and lot of sunshine.

Question 17.
Which food crop is the stable diet of tropical and subtropical regions?
Answer:
Rice.

Question 18.
Which food crop is also known as coarse grains?
Answer:
Millets.

Question 19.
What does primitives farming include?
Answer:
This includes shifting cultivation and nomadic herding.

Question 20.
Define the term Milpa.
Answer:
In Mexico practice of shifting cultivation is known as Milpa.

Agriculture Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How does the Joe Horan grow com with full scientific ways?
Answer:
Joe Horan, a farmer, grows corn on his field after making sure that soil and water resources meet the needs of this crop. Adequate measures are taken to control pests that can damage the crop.

From time to time he sends the soil samples to soil testing laboratory to check whether the nutrients are sufficient or not. The results help Horan to plan a scientific fertiliser programme. His computer is linked to the satellite which gives him a precise picture of his field. This helps him to use chemical fertilisers and pesticides wherever they are required.

Question 2.
What is Agricultural Development and what is the ultimate aim of agricultural development?
Answer:
Agricultural development refers to efforts made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demand of increasing population. This can be achieved in many ways such as increasing the cropped area, the number of crops grown, improving irrigation facilities, use of fertilisers and high yielding variety of seeds. Mechanisation of agriculture is also another aspect of agricultural development. The ultimate aim of agricultural development is to increase food security.

Question 3.
How is rice a major food crop in category of crops grown to meet the requirement of the growing population?
Answer:
Rice is the major food crop of the world. It is the staple diet of the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Rice needs high temperature, high humidity and rainfall. It grows best in alluvial clayey soil, which can retain water. China leads in the production of rice followed by India, Japan, Sri Lanka and Egypt. In favourable climatic conditions as in West Bengal and Bangladesh two or three crops are grown in a year.

Question 4.
What do the term plantations means and which are the major plantations in the tropical regions of the world?
Answer:
Plantations are a type of commercial farming where single crop of tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton are grown. Large amount of labour and capital are required. The produce may be processed on the farm itself or in nearby factories. The development of a transport network is thus essential for such farming.

Major plantations are found in the tropical regions of the world. Rubber in Malaysia, Coffee in Brazil, tea in India and Sri Lanka are some examples.

Question 5.
How is Nomadic farming practised? What does the reared animal provide the herders and their family?
Answer:
Nomadic herding is practised in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia and some parts of India, like Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir. In this type of farming, herdsmen move from place to place with their animals for fodder and water, along defined routes.

This type of movement arises in response to climatic constraints and terrain, sheep, camel, yak and goats are most commonly reared. They provide milk, meat, wool hides and other products to the herders and their families.

Agriculture Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What is subsistence farming? Briefly explain its classifications.
Answer:
Subsistence farming is practised to meet the needs of the farmer’s family. Traditionally, low levels of technology and household labour are used to produce on small output. Subsistence farming can be further classified as intensive subsistence and primitive subsistence farming.

Intensive subsistence farming: In this type of farming the farmer cultivates a small plot of land using simple tools and more labour. Climate with large number of days with sunshine and fertile soils permit growing of more than one crop annually on the same plot. Rice is the main crop. Other crops include wheat, maize, pulses and oilseeds.

Intensive subsistence agriculture is prevalent in the thickly populated areas of the monsoon regions of south, southeast and east Asia.

Primitive subsistence farming: It includes shifting cultivation and nomadic herding.

Shifting cultivation: It is practised in the thickly forested areas of Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of Southeast Asia and Northeast India. These are the areas of heavy rainfall and quick regeneration of vegetation. A plot of land is cleared by felling the trees and burning them.

The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops like maize, yam, potatoes, and cassava are grown. After the soil loses its fertility, the land is abandoned and the cultivator moves to a new plot. Shifting cultivation is also known as ‘slash and bum’ agriculture.

Nomadic herding: It is practised in the semi-arid and arid regions of Sahara, Central Asia and some parts of India, like Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir. In this type of farming, herdsmen move from place to place with their animals for fodder and water, along defined routes.

This type of movement arises in response to climatic constraints and terrain. Sheep, camel, yak and goats are most commonly reared. They provide milk, meat, wool hides and other products to the herders and their families.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:
Picture-1

(i) What is shown in the above figure?
(ii) Which method is used in the picture for the purpose of ploughing?
Answer:
(i) Farmers ploughing a field is shown.
(ii) Traditional method is used.

Picture-2

(i) What type of plantation is shown in the above picture?
(ii) Who had discovered these plants?
Answer:
Coffee plantation.
Kaldi, an Arab goat – herder, had discovered the coffee plant.

Map Skills Class 8 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture

Question 1.
On an outline Map of World mark the following countries where Maize is grown:
(i) North America
(ii) Brazil
(iii) China
(iv) Russia
(v) Canada
(vi) India
(vii) Mexico
Answer:

Question 2.
Mark the countries where cotton is grown suitably on the outline Map of World.
(i) China
(ii) USA
(iii) India
(iv) Pakistan
(v) Brazil
(vi) Egypt
Answer:

Question 3.
Mark the countries on an outline Map of World showing major plantations found in the tropical regions of the world.
(i) Rubber in Malaysia
(ii) Coffee in Brazil
(iii) Tea in India
Answer:

Industries Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 5 Industries.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Industries

Industries Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is the basic function of secondary activities or manufacturing?
Answer:
The basic function of secondary activities or manufacturing is to change raw materials into products of more value to people.

Question 2.
Of what is the paper made up from?
Answer:
The paper is made up from pulp.

Question 3.
Name the classification of industries on the basis of raw material used by them.
Answer:
The industries classified on the basis of raw materials used by them are:

1. Agro-based industries
2. Mineral-based industries
3. Marine based industries
4. Forest-based industries

Question 4.
By whom are the private sector industries owned and operated?
Answer:
Private-sector industries are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals.

Question 5.
What does an industrial system consist of?
Answer:
An industrial system consists of input, processes and outputs.

Question 6.
How does an industrial region emerge?
Answer:
Industrial region emerges when a number of industries are located close to each other and share the benefits of their closeness.

Question 7.
What is meant by industrial disaster?
Answer:
In industries, accidents/disasters mainly occur due to technical failure or irresponsible handling of hazardous material. This is known as industrial disaster.

Question 8.
Define Sunrise Industries.
Answer:
Emerging industries are also known as ‘Sunrise Industries’. These include Information technology, Wellness, Hospitality and Knowledge.

Question 9.
Define the process ‘smelting’.
Answer:
It is the process in which metals are extracted from their ores by heating beyond the melting point.

Question 10.
What is the full form of TISCO?
Answer:
TISCO: Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited.

Question 11.
On what basis are industries classified?
Answer:
Industries are classified on the basis of raw materials, size and ownership.

Question 12.
Under which category is production of automobile and heavy machinery is placed?
Answer:
Under large scale industry.

Question 13.
What may be the inputs in case of textile industry?
Answer:
In case of textile industry, the inputs may be cotton, human labour, factory and transport cost.

Question 14.
What was the official death total in 1989 in Bhopal tragedy?
Answer:
Official death total was 3,598 in 1989.

Question 15.
What is MIC?
Answer:
MIC is Methyl Isocynate gas responsible for gas tragedy of Bhopal.

Question 16.
Which is the major IT hub of India?
Answer:
Bengaluru.

Question 17.
Where was TISCO started in?
Answer:
It was started in Sakchi.

Question 18.
What is the date of Bhopal gas tragedy?
Answer:
On 3rd December 1984.

Question 19.
Which industries use produce from sea and oceans as raw materials?
Answer:
Marine based industries.

Question 20.
In which part of the world is silicon valley located?
Answer:
It is located next to the rocky mountains of North America.

Industries Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Why was Sakchi chosen to set up the steel plant? Give reasons.
Answer:
Sakchi was chosen to set up the steel plant for several reasons because:

1. the place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line.
2. It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits as well as to Kolkata, which provided a large market.
3. TISCO gets coal from Jharia coalfields, and iron ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Odisha and Chattisgarh.
4. The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water supply. Government initiatives provided adequate capital for its later development.

Question 2.
What was the ideal location for iron and steel industry before 1800 A.D and after 1950 how did the concept for ideal location of iron and steel industries change?
Answer:
Before 1800 A.D. iron and steel industry was located where raw materials, power supply and running water were easily available. Later, the ideal location for the industry was near coal fields and close to canals and railways.

After 1950, iron and steel industry began to be located on large areas of flat land near sea ports. This is because by this time steelworks had become very large and iron ore had to be imported from overseas.

Question 3.
How is the steel used by other industries as raw materials?
Answer:
Steel is used by other industries as raw material in many ways.

1. Steel is tough and it can be easily shaped, cut, or made into wire.
2. Special alloys of steel can be made by adding small amount of other metals such as aluminium, nickel and copper.
3. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, toughness or ability to resist rust.
4. Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry.

Question 4.
Define the concept of industrial system briefly.
Answer:
An industrial system consists of inputs, processes and outputs. The inputs are the raw materials, labour and cost of land, transport, power and other infrastructure. The processes include a wide range of activities that convert the raw material into finished products. The outputs are the end products and the income earned from it.

In case of textile industry the inputs may be cotton, human labour, factory and transport cost. The processes include ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing. The output is the shirt you wear.

Question 5.
What does the concept of information technology industry deals in and which are the major hubs of the IT industry?
Answer:
The information technology industry deals in the storage, processing and distribution of information. Today, this industry has become global. This is due to a series of technological, political and socio-eco¬nomic events.

The main factors guiding the location of these industries are resource availability, cost and infrastructure. The major hubs of the IT industry are the Silicon Valley, California and Bengaluru, India.

Industries Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
How is the classification of industries done on the basis of raw materials size and ownership? Explain.
Answer:
Industries are classified on the basis of raw materials, size and ownership:
1. Raw materials: Industries may be agro-based, mineral-based, marine-based and forest-based depending on the type of raw materials used by them.

• Agro-based industries: These industries use plant and animal-based products as their raw materials.
• Mineral-based industries: These industries use mineral ores as their raw materials, and the products of these industries feed other industries.
• Marine based industries: They use the products from the sea and oceans as raw materials.
• Forest-based industries: It utilises forest produce as raw materials.

2. Size: It refers to the amount of capital invested, number of people employed and the volume of production.
Based on size, industries can be classified into small scale and large scale industries.

• Small scale industry: Cottage or household industries are a type of small scale industry where the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans. These industries use lesser amount of capital and technology as compared to large scale industry.
• Large scale industry: These are industries that produce large volumes of products. Investment of capital is higher and the technology used is superior in large scale industries.

3. Ownership: Industries can be classified into private sector, state-owned or public sector, joint sector and cooperative sector.

• Private-sector industries: These are owned and operated by individuals or a group of individuals.
• Public sector industries: These are owned and operated by the government.
• Joint sector industries: These are owned and operated by the state and individuals or a group of individuals.
• Cooperative sector industries: The are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Industries

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:
Picture-1

(i) What does the above picture show?
(ii) Where was the iron and steel industry located before 1800 A.D.?
Answer:
(i) It shows the changing location of iron and steel industry.
(ii) Before 1800 A.D. iron and steel industry was located where raw materials, power supply and running water were easily available.

Picture-2

(i) Name the major railway station shown in the figure.
(ii) What does the picture show?
Answer:
(i) Tatanagar railway station.
(ii) It shows the location of iron and steel industry in Jamshedpur.

Map Skills Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Industries

Question 1.
On an outline Map of World show the major iron ore producing areas.
(i) Brazil
(ii) South Africa
(iii) Australia
(iv) Germany
(v) India
Answer:

Question 2.
On an outline Map of World show the important iron and steel producing centres.
(i) Jharkhand
(ii) Odisha
(iii) Chhattisgarh
(iv) West Bengal
Answer:

Colonialism and the City Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 6 CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 6 Colonialism and the City.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 6 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 History Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Colonialism and the City

Colonialism and the City Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 6 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Which cities of Britain grew rapidly in 19th and 20th century?
Answer:
Industrial cities in Britain like Leeds and Manchester grew rapidly in 19th and 20th centuries.

Question 2.
Define urbanisation?
Answer:
Urbanisation means a process by which more and more people begin to reside in towns and cities.

Question 3.
Which Mughal emperor made the most splendid capital of all? Name the capital too.
Answer:
The most splendid capital of all was built by Shah Jahan and the name was Shahjahanabad.

Question 4.
When and how did the British get control of Delhi?
Answer:
In 1803, the British gained control of Delhi by defeating Marathas.

Question 5.
What is meant by cul – de – sacs?
Answer:
It means street with a dead end.

Question 6.
Which time period has been referred to as a period of the Delhi Renaissance?
Answer:
Period from 1830 – 1857 has been referred to as a period of Delhi Renaissance.

Question 7.
When was the Delhi College shut down?
Answer:
It was turned into a school and shut down in 1877.

Question 8.
Name the two architects called on to design New Delhi and its building.
Answer:
Two architects were Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker.

Question 9.
How many years did New Delhi take to build?
Answer:
New Delhi took nearly 20 years to be built.

Question 10.
What did the census of 1931 reveal about New Delhi?
Answer:
It revealed that New Delhi had only about 3 persons per acre.

Question 11.
Name the most splendid capital built by Shahjahan in 1639.
Answer:
Shahjahanabad.

Question 12.
Under which Mughal Administration Delhi became centre for Sufi culture?
Answer:
Under Shahajahan.

Question 13.
In which years, Delhi became the capital of British India?
Answer:
In 1911.

Question 14.
Who all use to live in the walled city of Delhi?
Answer:
In Delhi British along with the wealthier Indians in the walled city.

Question 15.
In which year western wall of Shahjahanabad was broken to allow the expansion of the city?
Answer:
In 1870.

Question 16.
Who organised Delhi Darbar to acknowledge Queen Victoria as the empress of India?
Answer:
Lord Lytton in 1877 has organised it.

Question 17.
In how many years New Delhi was built.
Answer:
It took nearly 20 years.

Question 18.
Name the new colonies made in Delhi at the time of partition?
Answer:
Lajpat Nagar and Tilak Nagar.

Colonialism and the City Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 6 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
When and how was the Delhi Improvement Trust set up?
Answer:
The Delhi Improvement trust was set up in 1936, and it built areas like Daryaganj South for wealthy Indians. Houses were grouped around parks. Within the houses, space was divided according to new rules of privacy. Instead of spaces being shared by many families or groups, now different members of the same family had their own private spaces within the home.

Question 2.
Why were Havelis were subdivided and sold?
Answer:
Many Mughal admires were unable to maintain these large establishments under conditions of the British rule. Havelis, therefore, began to be subdivided and sold.

Question 3.
How did the large migration from Punjab change the social environment of Delhi?
Answer:
The large migration from Punjab changed the social environment of Delhi as the urban culture largely based on Urdu was overshadowed by new tastes and sensibilities, in food, dress and the arts.

Question 4.
When was the announcement for shifting capital of India to Delhi was done?
Answer:
In 1911, when king George V was crowned in England, a Durbar was held in Delhi to celebrate the occasion. The decision to shift the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi was announced at this Durbar.

Question 5.
Define the terms Dargah, Khanqah and Idgah.
Answer:

1. Dargah: The tomb of a Sufi saint.
2. Khanqah: A Sufi lodge often used as a rest house for travellers and a place where people come to discuss spiritual matters, get the blessings of saint, and hear Sufi music.
3. Idgah: It is a place where an open prayer of Muslims takes place. This place is primarily meant for id prayers.

Question 6.
What was condition of Delhi after the cruel partition?
Answer:
After the partition took place riots began when over 2/3rd Muslims migrated from Delhi and almost 44000 homes were abandoned on the other hand. Delhi became a city of refugees with nearly 500,000 people added to the population of Delhi. New colonies such as Lajpat Nagar and Tilak Nagar came up at this time.

Colonialism and the City Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 6 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
How did the British make Delhi forget its Mughal past?
Answer:
The British wanted Delhi to forget its Mughal past and for that, the area around the Fort was completely cleared of gardens, partitions and mosques. The British wanted a clean ground for the security reason.

Mosques, in particular, were either destroyed or put to other uses. The Zinat-al-Masjid was converted into a bakery. No worship was allowed in the Jama Masjid for 5 years. One-third of the city was demolished and its canals were filled up.

In 1870’s the western wall of Shahjahanabad were broken to establish the railway and to allow the city to expand beyond the walls. The British started living in sprawling Civil- Lines area that came up in the north, away from the Indians in the walled city. The Delhi College was turned into a school, and shut down in 1877.

Question 2.
Briefly Explain how did the Calcutta, Bombay and Madras Presidency become the centres of British power in the different regions of India.
Answer:
In the late 18th century, Calcutta, Bombay and Madras rose in importance as Presidency cities. They became the centres of British power in the different regions of India. At the same time, a host of smaller cities declined. Many towns manufacturing specialised goods declined due to a drop in the demand and for what they produced.

Old trading centres and ports could not survive when the trade moved to new centres. Similarly, earlier centres of regional power collapsed where local rulers were defeated by the British and new centres of administration emerged. This process is often described as de-urbanisation this is how the Presidency cities rose in importance.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 History Chapter 6 Colonialism and the City

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

Question
1. Name the shrine shown in the picture.
2. Where the above-shown shrine located in India.
Answer:
1. The picture is Dargah of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya.
2. It is in Delhi.

The Changing World of Visual Arts Class 8 History Chapter 10 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 10 The Changing World of Visual Arts.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 10 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 History Chapter 10 Extra Questions and Answers The Changing World of Visual Arts

The Changing World of Visual Arts Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 10 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What was the main focus of European artists about the British?
Answer:
The main focus of European artists about the British was to show the superiority of the British.

Question 2.
What is meant by portraits?
Answer:
The life size images that look lifelike and real.

Question 3.
Define the term convention.
Answer:
Convention is an accepted norm or style.

Question 4.
Who painted the potrait of Nawab Muhammad Ali Khan of Arcot?
Answer:
It was painted by George Willison.

Question 5.
When did Tipu Sultan of Mysore finally get defeated?
Answer:
He was finally defeated in 1799.

Question 6.
What does the imperial history paintings sought to create?
Answer:
It sought to create a public memory of imperial triumphs.

Question 7.
What do you understand by the term Mural?
Answer:
Mural is a wall painting done by the local artists.

Question 8.
What was the aftermath of establishment of the British power?
Answer:
With the establishment of the British power many of the local courts lost their influence and wealth.

Question 9.
By whom was the Damayanthi was painted?
Answer:
By Raja Ravi Varma.

Question 10.
Who was the nephew of Rabindranath Tagore?
Answer:
Abanindranath Tagore.

Question 11.
What is Mural?
Answer:
Mural is a wall painting.

Question 12.
Where is Clive street located?
Answer:
It is located in Calcutta.

Question 13.
From where does Mohammad Ali Khan belongs to?
Answer:
He belongs to Arcot.

Question 14.
Where does Tipu Sultan ruled?
Answer:
In Mysore.

Question 15.
By whom was the storming of seringpatnam painted?
Answer:
By Rober Kerr Porter.

Question 16.
Who was Samuel Bourne.
Answer:
He was a photographer.

Question 17.
When was Tipu Sultan defeated?
Answer:
He was defeated in 1799.

Question 18.
What is meant by life study?
Answer:
It is the study of human figure from living models where pose for the artists.

The Changing World of Visual Arts Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 10 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What did the British want from images made by the local painters?
Answer:
The British wanted the images through which they could understand India, remember their life in India, and depict India to the western world.

Question 2.
Define the term perspective and how it was used by the local miniature artists at Murshidabad. Answer:
Perspective: The way that objects appear smaller when they are further away and the way parallel lines appear to meet each other at a point in the distance. Local miniature artists use perspective by using light and shades to make the figures look life like and real.

Question 3.
How were the cultural traditions resisted by Tipu Sultan?
Answer:
Tipu not only fought British on the battlefield but also resisted the cultural tradition by continuing to encourage the local traditions, he had his walls of the palace at Seringapatam covered with mural paintings done by local artists.

Question 4.
Briefly explain about the incidence after the Battle of Plassey.
Answer:
The British defeated Sirajuddaulah in the famous battle of Plassey and after his defeat Mir Jafar was installed as the nawab of Murshidabad. It was the victory won through the conspiracy and traitor Mir Jafar was awarded the title of Nawab.

Question 5.
Differentiate between colonial portraits and existing Indian style of painting.
Answer:
The existing Indian culture has the style and tradition of painting portraits in miniature.
But colonial portraits were life-size images that looked lifelike and real.

The Changing World of Visual Arts Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 10 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What happened during the Battle of Plassey? How was the defeat of Sirajuddaulah shown in history painting produced hy Francis Hayman?
Answer:
The Battle of Plassey saw the defeat of Sirajuddaulah by the British. After the defeat of Sirajuddaulah in the Battle of Plassey the British installed Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Murshidabad. It was a victory won through conspiracy, and the traitor Mir Jafar was awarded the title of Nawab.

In the painting oy Francis Hayman in 1762 which was placed on public display in the Vauxhall Gardens in London, this act of aggression and conquest is not depicted. The picture shows Lord Clive being welcomed by Mir Jafar and his troops after the Battle of Plassey.

Question 2.
Who was Raja Ravi Varma? How did Ravi Varma’s mythological painting become the rage among Indian princes and art collectors?
Answer:
Raja Ravi Varma was one of the 1st artists who tried to create a style that was both modern and national. Ravi Varma belonged to the family of the Maharajas of Travancore in Kerala, and he was addressed as Raja. He mastered the western art of oil painting and realistic life study, but painted themes from Indian mythology.

He dramatised on canvas, scene after scene from the Ramayana and the Mahabharta, drawing on the theatrical performance of mythological stories that he witnessed during his tour of the Bombay Presidency.

From 1880’s Ravi Varma’s mythological paintings became the rage among Indian princes and art collectors, who filled their palace galleries with his works.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 History Chapter 10 The Changing World of Visual Arts

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

1. Who was the painter of the following painting?

2. What does the pictures describes?

3. whom does the portrait belongs to.

Answer:

1. Raja Ravi Varma.
2. It describes about the Clive street in Calcutta draw by Thomas and William Daniell, 1786.
3. Muhammad Ali Khan of Arcot.

Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 8 CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 8 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 8 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 History Chapter 8 Extra Questions and Answers Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation

Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 8 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Define the term linguist.
Answer:
Linguist is someone who knows and studies several languages.

Question 2.
What was main aim behind establishing Hindu College in Benaras in 1791?
Answer:
Hindu College was established to encourage the study of ancient Sanskrit texts that would be useful for the administration of the country.

Question 3.
What is meant by an Orientalist?
Answer:
Orientalists were those who were having scholarly knowledge of the language and culture of Asia.

Question 4.
How did Thomas Babington Macaulay see India?
Answer:
He saw India as an uncivilized country that needed to be civilized.

Question 5.
Why was the English Education Act introduced and in which year?
Answer:
Following Macaulay’s minute, the English Education Act of 1835 was introduced.

Question 6.
Who toured the districts of Bengal and Bihar in 1830’s?
Answer:
In 1830’s William Adam, a Scottish missionary toured the districts of Bengal and Bihar.

Question 7.
When did the Company decide about improving the system of vernacular education?
Answer:
After 1854, the Company decided to improve the system of vernacular education.

Question 8.
Name the institution established by Rabindranath Tagore.
Answer:
‘Santiniketan’ was established by Rabindranath Tagore in 1901.

Question 9.
Who was William John.
Answer:
William Jones was appointed as Junior Judge at the supreme court of company.

Question 10.
Which languages were learnt by William Jones?
Answer:
Greek, Latin, French and English.

Question 11.
By whom was the Asiatic society of Bengal was setup?
Answer:
By William Jones.

Question 12.
From whom did William Johns learnt Sanskrit language?
Answer:
The Pandits.

Question 13.
In which year was Madarsa setup in Calcutta?
Answer:
In 1781.

Question 14.
When was the Hindu college Benaras was established?
Answer:
In 1791.

Question 15.
Who emphasized on teaching of English language in manner of civilizing, changing the taste values and cultures of the Indians?
Answer:
Lord Macaulay.

Question 16.
When was the English Education act introduced?
Answer:
In 1835.

Question 17.
Who was William Carey.
Answer:
William Carey was a Scottish missionary.

Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 8 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
In what sense does Gandhiji and Tagore’s thoughts were similar and different about western education?
Answer:
In many senses Tagore’s and Gandhiji’s thoughts about western education were similar. There were several differences too. Gandhiji was highly critical of western education, civilisation and its worship of machines and technology.

But Tagore wanted to combine elements of modern western civilisation with the best within Indian tradition. Tagore emphasized on the needs to teach science and technology along with art, music and dance.

Question 2.
Why did Tagore hate going to school in his school days?
Answer:
He found school suffocating and oppressive. The school appeared like a prison to him as he could never do what he felt like doing. And the experience of Tagore’s school days in Calcutta shook his ideas of education. These were reasons why he hated going to school in his school days.

Question 3.
What did Mahatma Gandhi say about western education?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi said that western education focused on reading and writing rather than oral knowledge. It valued textbooks rather than practical knowledge. He argued that education ought to develop a person’s mind and soul. Literacy or simple learning to read and write by itself did not count as education.

Question 4.
What consequences were there of the new rules and routine over the earlier pathshala students who accepted the British rules?
Answer:
In the earlier system of Pathshala, students from poor peasant families had been able to go to pathshalas as the timetable was flexible before adoption of rules of the British government.

The discipline of the new system demanded regular attendance, even during harvest time when children of poor families had to work in the fields. Inability to attend school came to be seen as indiscipline, as evidence of the lack of desire to learn.

Question 5.
What did James Mill declare while attacking the orientalists?
Answer:
James Mill attacked the orientalists and declared that the British should not make efforts to teach what the natives wanted or respected, in order to please them. The aim of education ought to be to teach what was useful and practical. So Indians should be made familiar with the scientific and technical advancements that the west had made, rather than with the poetry and sacred literature of the orientals.

Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 8 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
In view of Mahatma Gandhi, why was practical knowledge very much essential for development of person’s mind and soul?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi believed that western education focused on reading and writing rather than lived experiences and practical knowledge. He argued that education ought to develop a person’s mind and soul. Literacy – or simply learning to read and write by itself did not count as education.

People had to work with their hands, learn a craft, and know-how different things operated. This would develop their mind and their capacity to understand. This is why Mahatma Gandhi believed that practical knowledge was very much essential for development of person’s mind and soul.

Question 2.
Explain the William Adam’s report produced on the progress of education in vernacular schools.
Answer:
William Adam had been asked by the Company to report on the progress of education in vernacular schools. The report Adam produced was interesting.

Adam found that there were over 1 lakh pathshalas in Bengal and Bihar. These were small institutions with no more than 20 students each. But the total number of children being taught in these pathshalas was considerable over 20 lakh. These institutions were set up by wealthy people, or the local community. At times they were started by a teacher (guru).

The system of education was flexible. Adam discovered that this flexible system was suited to local needs. For instance, classes were not held during harvest time when rural children often worked in the fields. The pathshala started once again when the crops had been cut and stored. This meant that even children of peasant families could study.

Question 3.
Explain Wood’s Despatch. What was mentioned in its provision?
Answer:
In 1854, the Court of Directors of the East India Company in London sent an educational despatch to the Governor-General in India, issued by Charles Wood, the president of the Board of Control of the Company. It has come to be known as Wood’s Despatch.

1. It emphasized once again on the practical benefits of system of European learning.
2. One of the practical uses the Despatch pointed to was economic European learning.
3. It said, it would enable Indians to recognize the advantages that flow from the expansion of trade and commerce.
4. Wood’s Despatch argued that European learning would improve the moral character of Indians.
5. It would make them truthful and honest and would supply the Company with civil servants who could be trusted and depended upon.
6. The literature of East was believed to be full of errors and also couldn’t instill in the people a sense of duty and a commitment to work nor could it develop the skill required for administration.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 History Chapter 8 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

Question:
1. Who was Henry Thomas Cookbrooke?

2. Whom does the monument belong to?

3. Along with whom is Mahatma Gandhi sitting with civilizing the “NATIVE” Educating the Nation.

4. What does the picture shows?

Answer:

1. He was a scholar of Sanskrit and ancient sacred writings of Hinduism.
2. Monument belongs to Warren Hastings.
3. He is sitting with Kasturba Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore.
4. The picture shows a class in progress in Santiniketan in the 1930’s.