CBSE Class 7

The Mughal Empire Class 7 History Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Chapter 4 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 History Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers The Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 4 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Mention the year in which Mughal Empire was established in India.
Answer:
In 1526.

Question 2.
Who defeated Humayun at Chausa and Kanauj battles?
Answer:
SherKhan.

Question 3.
When was Delhi recaptured by Humayun?
Answer:
In 1555, Humayun recaptured Delhi.

Question 4.
What was the age of Akbar when he became emperor? *
Answer:
He was only 13 years old.

Question 5.
Who was Akbar’s father?
Answer:
Akbar’s father’s name was Humayun.

Question 6.
When did Jahangir become Emperor of Mughal?
Answer:
Jahangir became Emperor of Mughal after death of his father Akbar in 1605.

Question 7.
What is recognized as a great success of Jahangir? r
Answer:
The Sisodiya ruler of Mewar, Amar Singh accepted Mughal service which was a great success of Jahangir.

Question 8.
Who was Dara Shukoh?
Answer:
Dara Shukoh was son of Shah Jahan.

Question 9.
Who killed his three brothers including Dara shukoh?
Answer:
It is stated that Aurangzeb killed his three brothers including Dara Shukoh.

Question 10.
Name of the Emperor who spent his last days in the jail.
Answer:
He was Shah Jahan who spent his last days in the jail.

Question 11.
Name the Mughal descendants.
Answer:
The Mughals were descendants (offspring) of two great lineages of rulers; from the mother side Genghis Khan and from father’s side Timur.

Question 12.
Who was the first emperor of Mughal in India?
Answer:
Babur was the first Mughal emperor in India.

Question 13.
To whom Babur defeated and captured Delhi and Agra?
Answer:
Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi at Panipat in 1526 and captured Delhi and Agra.

Question 14.
When was the first war of Panipat fought?
Answer:
In 1526.

Question 15.
When Babur defeated to Rana Sanga?
Answer:
In 1527 Babur defeated to Rana Sanga, Rajput rulers and allies.

Question 16.
Give the names of all Mughal emperors.
Answer:
Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, Aurangzeb were the Mughal emperors.

Question 17.
Who was mother of Jahangir?
Answer:
The mother of Jahangir was a Kachhwaha princess, daughter of the Rajput ruler of Amber (Jaipur).

Question 18.
Who was mother of Shah Jahan?
Answer:
The mother of Shah Jahan was a Rathor princess, daughter of the Rajput ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur).

Question 19.
Who refused to accept Mughal authority upto a long time?
Answer:
The Sisodiya Rajputs refused to accept Mughal authority for a long time.

Question 20.
What was the main source of income for the Mughals?
Answer:
The main source of income was tax on the produce of the peasantry.

Question 21.
Who was Todar Mai?
Answer:
Todar Mai was Akbar’s revenue minister.

Question 22.
Give the name of provinces where zabt was not possible to implement.
Answer:
This was not possible in provinces such as Gujarat and Bengal.

Question 23.
What do you mean by ‘suba’ and ‘subadar’?
Answer:
Akbar’s empire was divided into provinces called subas, governed by subadar. Subadar carried out both political and military functions.

Question 24.
Who was called diwan under Mughal administrative system?
Answer:
Each province had a financial officer who was called ‘diwan’.

Question 25.
What was the main ethics of ‘sulh-i-kul’ established by Akbar?
Answer:
‘Sulh-i-kul’ was focused on a system of ethics—honesty, justice and peace.

The Mughal Empire Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 4 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What were the historically happenings during 16th to 17th century in the entire subcontinent?
Answer:
From the latter half of the 16th century the Mughals expanded their kingdom from Agra and Delhi, until in the 17th century they controlled nearly the entire subcontinent.

Question 2.
Why was it difficult to rule in a large territory as the Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
Ruling as large a territory as the Indian subcontinent with such a diversity of people and cultures was an extremely difficult task for any ruler.

Question 3.
What do you know about term ‘zamindar’?
Answer:
To describe the intermediaries, whether they were local headmen of villages or powerful chieftains the term used was ‘zamindar’. Peasants paid taxes through this zamindar.

Question 4.
Who provided support to subadar?
Answer:
The subadar was supported by other officers such as military paymaster (bakhshi), the minister in charge of religious and charitable patronage (sadr), military commanders (faujdars) and the town police commander (kotwal).

Question 5.
Write about ‘sulh-i-kul’?
Answer:
‘Sulh-i-kul’ is a Persian ward which means ‘universal peace’. As a strong administrative function, Akbar established ‘sulh-i kul’. It did not allowed discrimination between people of different religions in his realm. While, it was focused on a system of ethics-honesty, justice and peace that was universally applicable.

The Mughal Empire Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 4 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What efforts were undertaken by Mughal to make them stronger?
Answer:
The Mughal rulers campaigned constantly against rulers who refused to accept their authority. Many rulers also joined them voluntarily. The Rajputs are a good example of this. Many of them married their daughters into Mughal families and received high positions.

Question 2.
Who were ‘mansabdars’ and how was ‘Zat’ important for them?
Answer:
The Mughals recruited diverse bodies of people. Those who joined Mughal service were enrolled as mansabdars. These mansabdars held a mansab. Rank, salary and military responsibilities of the mansabdars were determined by grading system.

Rank and salary were determined by a numerical value called zat. The higher the zat, the more prestigious was the noble’s position in court and the larger his salary.

Question 3.
What were the responsibilities of mansabdars?
Answer:
The main responsibilities of a mansabdar were: to maintain the military and collect the taxes.
(i) The military responsibilities: It required him to maintain a specified number of sawar or cavalrymen. The mansabdar brought his cavalrymen for review, got them registered, and their horses branded and then received money to pay them as salary.

(ii) Mansabdars received their salaries from the revenue collected under their mansab.

• In Akbar’s reign these jagirs were carefully assessed so that the revenues were roughly equal to the salary of the mansabdar.
• By Aurangzeb’s reign this was no longer the case and the actual revenue collected was often less than the granted sum.

Question 4.
Describe the work of Todar Mai undertaken for lands and taxes.
Answer:
Todar Mai carried out a careful survey of crop yields, price and areas cultivated for a 10-years period, 1570-1580. On the basis of this data, tax was fixed on each crop in cash. Each province was divided into revenue circles with its own schedule of revenue rates for individual crops. This revenue system was called ‘zabt’. It was prevalent in those areas where Mughal administrators could survey the land and keep very careful accounts.

Question 5.
Describe about “Akbar Nama” and its volume?
Answer:
Abul Fazl wrote a three-volume history of Akbar’s reign, titled “Akbar Nama”. The first volume dealt with Akbar’s ancestors and the second volume recorded the events of Akbar’s reign. The third volume is the Ain-i-Akbari, it deals with Akbar’s administration, household, army, the revenues and the geography of his empire.

It also provides rich details about the traditions and culture of the people living in India. The most interesting aspect about the Ain-i-Akbari is its rich statistical details about things as diverse as crops, yields, prices, wages and revenues.

Map-Based Questions Class 7 History Chapter 4 The Mughal Empire

Question 1.
Find out military campaigns under Akbar and Aurangzeb:

1. Kashmir
2. Punjab
3. Malwa
4. Berar
5. Ahmadnagar
6. Bijapur
7. Golconda
8. Gondwana
9. Orissa
10. Bengal

Answer:

Our Changing Earth Class 7 Geography Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography Chapter 3 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Our Changing Earth

Our Changing Earth Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What are Lithospheric plates?
Answer:
The lithosphere is broken into a number of plates known as the Lithospheric plates.

Question 2.
How do the Lithospheric plates move?
Answer:
Lithospheric plates move because the molten magma moves inside the earth thereby the Lithospheric plates are moved very slowly just a few millimetres each year.

Question 3.
What is the result of movement of the Lithospheric plates?
Answer:
The movement of these plates causes changes on the surface of the earth.

Question 4.
What is volcano?
Answer:
A volcano is a vent (opening) in the earth’s crust through which molten material erupts suddenly.

Question 5.
What is earthquake?
Answer:
Vibration in the surface of earth is called earthquake.

Question 8.
What are distributaries?
Answer:
As the river approaches the sea, the speed of the flowing water decreases and the river begins to break up into a number of streams called distributaries.

Question 7.
How do the deltas form?
Answer:
Each distributary forms its own mouth. The collection of sediments from all the mouths forms a delta.

Question 8.
What are Glaciers?
Answer:
Glaciers are rivers of ice.

Question 9.
How are the glacial moraines formed?
Answer:
The material carried by the glaciers, such as rocks, sand and silt gets deposited. These deposits form glacial moraines.

Question 10.
Name the active agent of erosion and deposition in the deserts.
Answer:
The wind.

Question 11.
What do you understand about mushrooms rocks?
Answer:
In the desert areas, wind makes rocks in shape of a mushroom called mushroom rocks.

Our Changing Earth Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What do you understand about endogenic and exogenic forces?
Answer:
The forces that act in the interior of the earth are called endogenic forces, while the forces that work on the surface of the earth are called exogenic forces. Endogenic forces sometimes produce sudden movements and at the other times produce slow move-ments. Sudden movements like earthquakes and volcanoes cause mass destruction over the surface of the earth.

Question 2.
How can the impact of earthquake be minimized?
Answer:
Although earthquake cannot be predicted but impact can be minimized. Selecting safe spot, staying away from fire places, chimneys etc., and be preparation are the measures which may be helpful as safeguards.

Question 3.
How are sea caves and sea arches formed?
Answer:
The erosion and deposition of the sea waves gives rise to coastal landforms. From the striking of sea waves to the rocks, hollow like caves are formed in the rocks which are called sea caves. When these cavities become bigger and bigger only the roof of the caves remains, thus forming sea arches.

Question 4.
What is focus and epicentre?
Answer:
The place in the crust where the movement starts is called the ‘focus’ and the place on the surface above the focus is called the ‘epicentre’. Greatest damage is usually closest to the epicentre and the strength of the earthquake decreases away from the centre.

Question 5.
How do the rivers erode the landscape?
Answer:The running water in the river erodes the landscape. Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of the meander, the ends of the meander loop come closer and closer.

Question 6.
What is called sand dunes loess?
Answer:
In the desert areas, when the wind stops blowing, the sand falls and gets deposited in low hill like structures. These are called sand dunes. When the grains of sand are very fine and light, the wind can carry it over long distances, when such sand is deposited in large areas, it is called loess.

Our Changing Earth Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What do you understand about seismograph? Describe in brief.
Answer:
An earthquake is measured with a machine called a seismograph. The magnitude of the earthquake is measured on the Richter scale. An earthquake of 2.0 or less can be felt only a little. When earthquake is measured over 5.0 on Richter scale, it can cause damage from falling things. A 6.0 or higher magnitude is considered very strong and 7.0 is classified as a major earthquake.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Waterfall.
Answer:
The running water in the river erodes the landscape. When the river tumbles at steep angle over very hard rocks or down a steep valley side it forms a waterfall.

There are thousands of small waterfalls in the world. The highest waterfall is Angel Falls of Venezuela in South America. The other waterfalls are Niagara falls located on the border between Canada and USA in North America and Victoria Falls on the borders of Zambia and Zimbabwe in Africa.

Picture Based Questions Class 7 Geography Chapter 3 Our Changing Earth

In the following picture, identify Sea Cave, Sea Arch and Stack.

New Kings and Kingdoms Class 7 History Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Chapter 2 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 History Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers New Kings and Kingdoms

New Kings and Kingdoms Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 2 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Why is the time span important between 7th to 12th centuries?
Answer:
The time span between 7th to 12th centuries is important because many new dynasties
emerged in different parts of the subcontinent.

Question 2.
Who were acknowledged as the ‘samantas’?
Answer:
In 7th century there were big landlords or warrior chiefs in different regions, they were acknowledged as subordinates or samantas of kings.

Question 3.
What was expected by the kings from samantas?
Answer:
Samantas were expected to bring gifts and provide them military support.

Question 4.
How did samantas become ‘maha-mandaleshvara’?
Answer:
As samantas gained power and wealth, they declared themselves to be maha-mandaleshvara.

Question 5.
Who were mah-samantas?
Answer:
The samantas who got power and wealth were also called ‘maha-samantas’.

Question 6.
What do you understand about ‘hiranya-garbha’?
Answer:
The Rashtrakutas in the Deccan were initially subordinate to the Chalukyas of Karnataka but later overthrew them and performed a ritual called ‘hiranya-garbha’. This ritual leads to the “rebirth” of the sacrificer as a Kshatria, even if he not one by birth.

Question 7.
Who was Kadamba Mayurasharman?
Answer:
The Kadamba Mayurasharman was Brahmana who gave up traditional profession and took to arm, successfully establishing kingdom in Karnataka.

Question 8.
Who was Pratihara Harichandra?
Answer:
The Gurjara Pratihara Harichandra was a Brahmana who gave up traditional professions and took to arms, successfully establishing kingdoms in Rajasthan.

Question 9.
How were resources obtained by the states?
Answer:
In each of these states resources were obtained from the producers, peasants, cattle keepers, artisans.

Question 10.
Where did the Cholas ruled?
Answer:
The Cholas were in Tamil Nadu.

Question 11.
How many taxes were imposed in the Cholas regime?
Answer:
There were more than 400 kinds of taxes in the Cholas regime.

Question 12.
What do you understand about ‘vetti’?
Answer:
In the Cholas regime, the most frequently mentioned tax is ‘vetti’ taken not in cash but in the form of forced labour.

Question 13.
What do you understand by word ‘kadamai?
Answer:
‘Kadamai’ was tax of the Cholas regime imposed for land revenue.

Question 14.
What was the use of collected taxes?
Answer:
The collected taxes were used for the construction of temples and forts, to fight wars, and access to land as well as trade routes.

Question 15.
What was referred in prashasti found in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh?
Answer:
One prashasti written in Sanskrit and found in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh describes the exploits of Nagabhata, a Pratihara King.

Question 16.
Mention the use of copper plates during the period.
Answer:
Kings often rewarded Brahmanas by grants of land. These were recorded on copper plates, which were given to those who received the land.

Question 17.
Where did the Chauhans ruled?
Answer:
The Chauhans ruled over the region around Delhi and Ajmer.

Question 18.
What was the target of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni?
Answer:
He raided the subcontinent almost every year. His targets were wealthy temples, including that of Somnath, Gujarat.

Question 19.
Who wrote ‘Kitab-al-Hind’?
Answer:
Al-Biruni wrote it.

Question 20.
Who captured delta from the Muttaraiyar?
Answer:
Vijayalaya, who belonged to the ancient chiefly family of the Cholas from Uraiyur captured the delta from the Muttaraiyar in the middle of the ninth century.

Question 21.
Who built Thanjavur and a temple for goddess Nishumbhasudini?
Answer:
Vijayalaya Chola built the town named Thanjavur.

Question 22.
Who conquered the Pandyan and the Pallava territories?
Answer:
Vijayalaya conquered the Pandyan and the Pallava territories.

Question 23.
Who built temples of Thanjavur and Gangaikonda Cholapuram?
Answer:
The temples of Thanjavur and Gangaikonda Cholapuram were built by Rajaraja and Rajendra.

Question 24.
How many sabhas were formed by the Cholas for the regulation of various works?
Answer:
Inscription received from Tamil Nadu, provide the details of various sabha such as irrigation
works, gardens, temples etc., with a certain criteria of eligibility.

New Kings and Kingdoms Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 2 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What do you meant by maharaja-adhiraja, tribhuvana-chakravartin?
Answer:
The meaning of maharaja-adhiraja and tribhuvana-chakravartin are ‘great king’ and ‘Lord of the three worlds’ respectively. Many of the new kings adopted high sounding titles such as maharaja-adhiraja and tribhuvana-chakravartin. They often shared power with their samantas as well as with associations of peasants, traders and Brahmanas.

Question 2.
Who collected the taxes?
Answer:
For collecting the taxes or revenue functionaries were generally recruited from influential families and positions were often hereditary. In many cases, close relatives of the king held
these positions.

Question 3.
What do you understand by ‘tripartite struggle’?
Answer:
In the Ganga valley, city of Kanauj was the area where three dynasties fought for control. These dynasties were

1. Guijara-Pratihara
2. Rashtrakuta and
3. Pala dynasties.

Historians often describe it as the ‘tripartite struggle’.

Question 4.
What attempts were made to expand the regime by the Chauhans?
Answer:
The Chauhans attempted to expand their control to the west and the east, where they were opposed by the Chalukyas of Gujarat and the Gahadavalas of western Uttar Pradesh. The best known Chauhans ruler was Prithviraja III (1168-1192), who defeated an Afghan ruler name Sultan Muhammad Ghori in 1191, but next year in 1192 he was defeated by Ghori.

Question 5.
How did the rulers demonstrate their power and resources?
Answer:
Rulers tried to demonstrate their power and resources by building large temples. So, when they attacked, they often chose to target temples, which were sometimes extremely rich.

Question 6.
When and where did Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni ruled?
Answer:
Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni, Afghanistan ruled from 997 to 1030 and extended control over parts of Central Asia, Iran and the north-western part of the subcontinent.

Question 7.
How were the temples hubs for economic, social and cultural life?
Answer:
Temples and its area were maintained by those who worked at the temple and very often lived near it, priests, garland makers, cooks, sweepers, musicians, dancers, etc. In other words, temples were not only places of worship; they were the hub of economic, social and
cultural life as well.

Question 8.
Describe the development of agriculture in Cholas regime.
Answer:
Many of the achievements of the Cholas were made possible through new developments in agriculture. The Kaveri branches off into several channels before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. Water from the channels also provides the necessary moisture for agriculture particularly the cultivation of rice.

New Kings and Kingdoms Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 2 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
How did the new dynasties emerge?
Answer:
By the 7th century there were big landlords or warrior chiefs in different regions of the subcontinent. The kings often acknowledged them as their subordinates or samantas. These samantas provided gifts and military support to the king. As samantas gained power and wealth, they declared themselves to be maha- samanta or maha-mandaleshvara and so on. Sometimes they asserted their independence from their overlords.

As an example, Rashtrakutas were subordinate to the Chalukyas of Karnataka overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed a ritual called hiranya-garbha. Likewise, Kadamba Mayurasharman and the Gurjara Pratihara Harichandra were Brahmanas who gave up their traditional professions and took to arms, successfully establishing kingdoms in Karnataka and Rajasthan respectively. Thus, a new dynasty emerged.

Question 2.
How did the kingdoms obtained resources?
Answer:
During the period, the kings often shared their power with their samantas as well as associations of peasants, traders and BrahmAnswer:Resources were obtained from producers such as peasants, cattle keepers, artisans etc. In the Cholas regime there were more than 400 taxes.

Vetti was taken not in cash but in the form of forced labour and kadamai or land revenue. There were also tax on house, the use of a ladder to climb palm trees, a cess on succession to family property etc. These resources were used to finance the king’s establishment, construction of temples and forts also used to fight wars.

Picture Based Questions Class 7 History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms

Question 1.
Look the temple given and give the answer:

1. Who built this temple and when?
2. Who and when built this temple?
3. Where is this situated?
4. To whom is temple dedicated?

Answer:

1. Gangaikonda temple.
2. The temple was built by Rajendra in 1035 AD. Rajendra was a king of Chola dynasty.
3. Situated in Cholapuram, Distt.: Ariyalur Tamil Nadu.
4. Mainly dedicated to Bhagwan Shiva.

Map-Based Questions Class 7 History Chapter 2 New Kings and Kingdoms

Question 1.
In the given map locate the followings Regimes:
(i) Cholas Regime
(ii) Palas Regime
(iii) Rashtrakutas Regime
(iv) Chauhans Regime
Answer:

Devotional Paths to the Divine Class 7 History Chapter 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Chapter 8 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 History Chapter 8 Extra Questions and Answers Devotional Paths to the Divine

Devotional Paths to the Divine Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 8 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How did the people worship their deity?
Answer:
People performed various kinds of bhakti and rituals of worship or singing bhajans, kirtans or qawwalis or even repeating the name of God in silence.

Question 2.
Why did the people turn towards teaching of Buddha and Jainas? ‘
Answer:
Many people turned to the teachings of the Buddha or the Jainas according to which it was possible to overcome social differences and break the cycle of rebirth through personal effort.

Question 3.
Which ideas were advocated in the Bhagavadgita?
Answer:
There was an idea of a Supreme God who could deliver humans from such bondage if approached with devotion (or bhakti). This idea, advocated in the Bhagavadgita, grew in popularity.

Question 4.
What is hagiography?
Answer:
Hagiography is the writing of saints’ lives.

Question 5.
What was the contribution of the Cholas and the Pandyas king in making links between the bhakti tradition and temple worship?
Answer:
The Chola and the Pandya kings built huge temples around many of the shrines visited by the saint – poets, strengthening the links between the bhakti tradition and temple worship.

Question 6.
What did Nathpanthis, Siddacharas and Yogis advocate for getting salvation?
Answer:
To achieve the salvation they advocated intense training of the mind and body through practices like yogasanas, breathing exercises and meditation.

Question 7.
What do you understand about dargah?
Answer:
Dargah is a place where the body of a Sufi saint is cremated. This became a place of pilgrimage where thousands of people of all faiths thronged.

Question 8.
Where did bhakti movement rise?
Answer:
Bhakti movement rose in North India.

Question 9.
What was the unique feature of most of the saints?
Answer:
The unique feature of most of the saints is that their works were composed in regional languages and could be sung. These transmitted orally by most deprived communities and women.

Question 10.
What did Tulsidas conceive?
Answer:
Tulsidas conceived of God in the form of Rama. He composed Ramcharitmanas which is a world-famous epic and is important both as an expression of his devotion and as a literary work.

Question 11.
Who was Surdas?
Answer:
Surdas was an ardent devotee of Krishna. He wrote many Chhanda and Dohas which have been compiled in the form of Sursagara, Sahitya Lahari and Surasaravali etc.

Devotional Paths to the Divine Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 8 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Which was the widely accepted idea?
Answer:
The idea that all living things pass through countless cycles of birth and rebirth performing good deeds and bad came to be widely accepted. The belief that social privileges came from birth in a ‘noble’ family or a “high’ caste was the subject of many learned texts.

Question 2.
Who was Shankara and what was his thought?
Answer:
One of the most influential philosophers of India Shankara was bom in Kerala in the 8th century. He was an advocate of Advaita or the doctrine of the oneness of the individual soul and the Supreme God which is the Ultimate Reality. He taught that Brahman, the only or Ultimate Reality, was formless and without any attributes.

Question 3.
Who was Ramanuja? Describe.
Answer:
Ramanuja, bom in Tamil Nadu in the 11th century, was deeply influenced by the Alvars. Intense devotion to Vishnu was means of attaining salvation. He followed doctrine of Vishishtadvaita. His doctrine greatly inspired the new strand of bhakti which developed in north India subsequently.

Question 4.
What do you understand about Virashaiva movement?
Answer:
Virashaiva movement was initiated by Basavanna and his companions Allama Prabhu and Akkamahadevi in Karnataka in mid-12th century. They argued strongly for equality of all human beings, opposed Brahmanical ideas on caste and treatment of women. They were also against all forms of ritual and idol worship.

Question 5.
Who were Sufis? What did Sufis believe in?
Answer:
Sufis were Muslim mystics. They rejected outward religiosity and emphasized love and devotion to God and compassion towards all fellow human beings. Islam emphasizes monotheism (one God). It rejected idol worship and highlights into collective prayers. Sufis composed poems expressing their feelings and a rich literature in prose, including anecdotes and fables, developed around them.

Question 6.
Give the name of some Sufis.
Answer:
Ghazzali, Rumi and Sadi were the great Sufis in central Asia and in India there were Khwaja Muinuddin Chisti of Ajmer, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki of Delhi, Baba Farid of Punjab, Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi and Bandanawaz Gisudaraz of Gulbarga.

Question 7.
Describe, the main pillars of Islam.
Answer:
Main pillars of Islam are as under:

1. Belief in one God and Muhammad as his prophet;
2. Essential to perform five times Namaz;
3. Give charity (Zakat) to the poor people (2.5% of the savings);
4. Those who have wealth, should go to Haj atleast once in the life;
5. Fasting in the month of Ramadan (Arabic month) for those who are healthy.

Devotional Paths to the Divine Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 8 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Who wore Nayanars and Alvars?
Answer:
New religious movements, led by the Nayanars (saints devoted to Shiva) and Alvars (devoted to Vishnu) emerged between 7th to 9th centuries. Saints and followers of these religious movements had all castes including untouchable like the Pulaiyar and the Panars.

The Nayanars and Alvars went from place to place composing exquisite poems in praise of the deities enshrined in the villages they visited, and set them to music. There were 63 Nayanars, who belonged to different caste backgrounds such as potters, untouchable workers, peasants, hunters, soldiers, Brahmanas and chiefs. The best known among them were Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar and Manikkavasagar. There are two sets of compilations of their songs-Tevaram and Tiruvacakam.

There were 12 Alvars, who came from equally divergent backgrounds, the best known being Periyalvar, his daughter Andal. Tondaradippodi Alvar and Nammalvar. Their songs were compiled in the Divya Prabandham.

Question 2.
Give the names of saints of Maharashtra. What were their thoughts?
Answer:
Jnaneshwar, Namdev, Eknath, Tukaram, Sakhubai and the family of Chokhamela focused on the bhakti of Vitthala (a form of Vishnu). All these were saints of Maharashtra. They rejected all forms of ritualism, outward display of piety and social differences based on birth. Some saints belonged to lower:castes. The idea of renunciation was rejected and they preferred to live with their families.

Question 3.
Give names of some important saints of the bhakti movement. Describe any two of saints.
Answer:
Important saints of the bhakti movement are Kabir, Surdas, Tulsidas, Dadu Dayal, Ravidas, Mirabai, Baba Guru Nanak etc.
Kabir: Kabir was brought up in a family of Muslim julahas or weavers near the city of Benares. His ideas are found in the form of sakhis and pads. Kabir’s verses are also in the Guru Granth Sahib, Panch Vani and Bijak which is collection of Kabir’s verses.

Kabir’s teachings openly ridiculed all forms of ; external worship of both Brahmanical Hinduism and Islam, the pre-eminence of the priestly classes and the caste system. The language of his poetry was a form of spoken Hindi widely understood by ordinary people.

Baba Guru Nanak: Baba Guru Nanak bom at Talwandi (presently in Pakistan). He established a centre at Kartarpur (Dera Baba Nanak) on the bank of river Ravi. The sacred space thus created by Baba Gum Nanak was known as dharmsal. It is now known as Gurdwara.

Gum Angad compiled the compositions of Baba Gum Nanak, to which he added his own in a new script known as Gurmukhi. The three successors of Gum Angad also wrote under the name of “Nanak” and all of their compositions were compiled by Gum Aijan in 1604. Later, this holy scripture of the Sikhs called as Gum Granth Sahib. This was authenticated by Gum Gobind Singh.

Map-Based Questions Class 7 History Chapter 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine

Question 1.
In the map of India represent places related to the following saints:

1. Guru Nanak
2. Dadu and Mirabai
3. Shankaradeva
4. Eknath, Tukaram
5. Ramanuja, Nammalvar
6. Basavanna, Ramdas, Purandaradasa
7. Surdas, Tulsidas, Kabir, Raidas
8. Narsi Mehta

Answer:

1. Presently Pakistan
2. Rajasthan
3. Assam
4. Maharashtra
5. Tamil Nadu
6. Andhra Pradesh
7. Uttar Pradesh
8. Gujarat

Life in the Temperate Grasslands Class 7 Geography Chapter 9 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography Chapter 9 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 9 Extra Questions and Answers Life in the Temperate Grasslands

Life in the Temperate Grasslands Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 9 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Define the forest.
Answer:
Forest can be defined as the place where trees Eire the main type of vegetation.

Question 2.
What do you understand about grassland?
Answer:
Where grasses form the dominant type of plant life is called grassland.

Question 3.
How much part of the land is grassland?
Answer:
Grasslands make up almost a quarter of the total land surface.

Question 4.
What are the factors which affect the plants or grasses and determine its types?
Answer:
The types of plants or grasses are dependent on the climate and soil.

Question 5.
Name the two categories of world’s grasslands.
Answer:
The world’s grasslands can be divided into two broad categories—temperate and tropical regions grasslands.

Question 6.
In which part are the Prairies Mountains found?
Answer:
The prairies are bound by the Rocky Mountains in the West.

Question 7.
What is found in the eastern part of prairies?
Answer:
In the eastern part of prairies great lakes are found.

Question 8.
Where is river Mississippi?
Answer:
Mississippi river is in USA.

Question 9.
How is the annual rainfall in the Prairies?
Answer:
The annual rainfall is moderate and is ideal for the growth of grass.

Question 10.
Which trees are grown in the Prairies?
Answer:
Trees such as willows, alders and poplars are grown in the region.

Question 11.
What is‘ranches’?
Answer:
Large cattle farms are called ‘ranches’.

Question 12.
Name the animal which is most important in America.
Answer:
Bison or the American buffalo is the most important protected animal of this region.

Question 13.
Which animal of America is protected?
Answer:
Bison or the American buffalo is protected animal of this region

Question 14.
Why are the prairies known as “Granaries of the world” ?
Answer:
The Prairies are known as the “Granaries of the world,” because of the huge surplus of wheat
production.

Question 15.
Name the mineral deposits found in the prairies region.
Answer:
Large mineral deposits particularly coal and iron are found in this region.

Question 16.
Mention name of rivers which drain the region.
Answer:
The tributaries of rivers Orange and Limpopo drain the region.

Question 17.
Which types of vegetation is found in the velds?
Answer:
The vegetation cover is sparse. Grasses dominate the landscape. Red grass grows in bush velds. In the high velds acacia and maroola are seen to be growing.

Question 18.
Name the animals found in the velds region.
Answer:
The animals of the velds are primarily lions, leopards, cheetah and kudu.

Question 19.
Which crops are grown in the region of velds?
Answer:
In the velds region the main crops are maize, wheat, barley, oats and potato. Cash crops like tobacco, sugar cane and cotton are also grown.

Question 20.
Why is merino sheep popular?
Answer:
Merino sheep is a popular species because its wool is very warm and has a great demand in the world.

Question 21.
Name the city which is famous for diamond mines.
Answer:
Kimberley is famous for its diamond mines.

Question 22.
Which city is called Gold Capital of the world?
Answer:
Johannesburg is known as the golden capital of the world.

Question 23.
What are velds?
Answer:
The temperate grasslands of South Africa are called the velds.

Question 24.
Where does red grass grow?
Answer:
Red grass grows in bush velds.

Question 25.
What is Chinook?
Answer:
A hot wind that blows in winter is called Chinook.

Question 26.
What are prairies?
Answer:
The temperate grasslands of North America are known as the prairies.

Question 27.
What are the two categories of the world’s grasslands?
Answer:
The world’s grasslands are divided into two broad categories:
(i) Temperate region
(ii) Tropical region

Question 28.
Name the crops which are grown in the areas where rainfall is over 50 cm.
Answer:
Maize, potatoes, soyabean, cotton and alfa-alfa

Question 29.
What are Bison?
Answer:
Bison are the American buffalo.

Question 30.
What are the main crops grown in the velds?
Answer:
Maize, wheat, barley, oats and potato.

Question 31.
Name the cash crops grown in temperate grasslands of South Africa (velds).
Answer:
Tobacco, sugar cane and cotton.

Question 32.
Name the countries covered by prairies.
Answer:
The prairies cover parts of United States of America and parts of Canada.

Question 33.
Why does local wind ‘Chinook’ blow in the prairies?
Answer:
Due to the absence of the north-south barrier, a local wind ‘Chinook’ blows in the regions of prairies.

Question 34.
Name the tribes which live in the prairies.
Answer:
The Prairies were home of tribes like the Apache, the Crow, the Cree and the Pawnee.

Question 35.
Name the trees grown in the prairies.
Answer:
Wilders, Alders and Poplars

Question 36.
What is combine machine?
Answer:
Combine is a machine which can sow, plough and work as thresher all by itself.

Question 37.
Name some important cities in the American prairies.
Answer:
Chicago, Minneapolis, Indianapolis, Kansas and Denver.

Question 38.
Why are the soils not fertile in the velds?
Answer:
The soils are not fertile in the velds due to the presence of discontinuous grasses exposing barren surface.

Question 39.
Which tributaries drain the areas in the prairies?
Answer:
In the USA, the area is drained by the tributaries of Mississippi and the Canadian prairies are drained by the tributaries of Saskatchewan Rivers.

Life in the Temperate Grasslands Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 9 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe climate of the prairies.
Answer:
The climate is of continental type with extreme temperatures. The summers are warm with temperatures of around 20°C, while in winter -20°C has been recorded in Winnipeg, Canada. In winters a thick blanket of snow covers this region.

Question 2.
Which are the suitable places for farming and name the major crops which are grown in that region.
Answer:
Places that receive rainfall of over 50 cm, are suitable for farming as the soil is fertile. The major crop of this area is maize, other crops including potatoes, soybean, cotton and alfa-alfa are also grown.

Question 3.
Which cattle are reared in the prairies?
Answer:
Prairies are suitable for cattle rearing. Bison or the American buffalo is the most important and protected animal of this region. The other animals found in this region are rabbits, coyotes, gophers and Prairie dog.

Question 4.
What do you understand about the velds? Describe briefly.
Answer:
The temperate grasslands of South Africa are called the velds. Velds are rolling plateaus with varying heights ranging from 600 m to 1100 m. It is bound by the Drakensburg Mountains on the east. To its west lies the Kalahari Desert. On the northeastern part, ‘high velds’ are located that attain a height of more than 1600 m, in some places.

Question 5.
What is the most important occupation of the people in the velds region?
Answer:
In the velds regions, sheep rearing is the most important occupation of the people. Sheep has given rise to the wool industry in the velds. Merino sheep is a popular species and its wool is very warm.

Question 6.
Which dairy products are famous in the velds region?
Answer:
Dairy farming is the next important occupation. Cattle are reared in the warmer and wetter regions and the dairy products like butter, cheese are produced for both domestic supply and also for export.

Question 7.
Why do the velds have rich reserve of minerals? Describe.
Answer:
The velds have rich reserve of minerals. Iron and steel industry has developed where coal and iron are present. Gold and diamond mining are major occupations of people of this region. Johannesburg is known for being the gold capital of the world. Kimberley is famous for its diamond mines. The mineral rich area has a well-developed network of transport.

Question 8.
Describe Chinook.
Answer:
Chinook is a hot wind that blows in winter and therefore raises the temperature in a short time. This increase in temperature results in the melting of snow and making pasture land available for grazing of animals.

Life in the Temperate Grasslands Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 9 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe the major features of the prairies.
Answer:
The major features of the prairies are:

1. These are the grasslands (temperate) of North America.
2. These regions having flat, gently sloping or hilly land.
3. These regions are almost treeless, but woodlands can be found near the low lying plains, flanking river valleys.
4. Areas with 50cm rainfall with fertile soil grow maize, potatoes, soybeans, cotton and alfa-alfa.
5. American buffalo is the most important animal of this region.

Question 2.
What do understand about Prairies? Describe briefly.
Answer:
The temperate grasslands of North America are known as the Prairies. It is a region of flat, gently sloping or hilly land. Tall grass, up to two metres high dominates the landscape. Most part of prairies is treeless. The prairies are bound by the Rocky Mountains in the West and the great lakes in the East.

Prairies cover parts of the United States of America and parts of Canada. In the USA, the area is drained by the tributaries of Mississippi and the Canadian prairies are drained by the tributaries of Saskatchewan Rivers.

The climate is of continental type with extreme temperatures. The summers are warm with temperatures of around 20°C, while in winter -20°C has been recorded in Winnipeg, Canada. In winters a thick blanket of snow covers this region. The annual rainfall is moderate and is ideal for the growth of grass. A local wind “Chinook” blows here. Prairies are practically tree-less.

Where water is available, trees such as willows, alders and poplars grow. Places that receive rainfall of over 50 cm, are suitable for farming as the soil is fertile. The major crop of this area is maize, other crops including potatoes, soybean, cotton and alfa-alfa are also grown.

Question 3.
Write a brief note on the climate of velds.
Answer:
The velds have a mild climate due to the influence of the Indian Ocean. Winters are cold and dry. Temperatures vary between 5°C and 10°C and July is the coldest month. Summers are short and warm. The velds receive rainfall mainly in the summer months from November to February. In the velds region the main crops are maize, wheat, barley, oats and potato. Cash crops like tobacco, sugar cane and cotton are also grown.

Map-Based Questions Class 7 Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands

Question 1.
On an outline map of Africa, show the location of Velds.
Answer: