MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers

Question 1.

…………….. adopted ‘One Child Policy’ as a measure to control population.

(A) India
(B) Pakistan
(C) China
(D) Russia
Answer:
(C) China

Explanation:
The one-child policy was a national program based in China, introduced by the Chinese government in 1980 with the aim of placing most Chinese families to one child each. The policy was enacted to address the growing population growth rate in the country, which the government sees as rapid.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 2.

Which of the following countries initiated its process of Economic Reforms in the year 1991?

(A) Pakistan
(B) India
(C) Russia
(D) China

Answer:
(B) India

Explanation:
Economic liberalisation in India was initiated in 1991 by Prime Minister E V. Narasimha Rao and his then-Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.

Question 3.

GLF with respect to the People’s Republic of China referred to as ………….

(A) Giant Leap Forward
(B) Great Lead Forum
(C) Great Leap Forward
(D) Giant Lead Forum
Answer:
(C) Great Leap Forward

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Explanation:
The Great Leap Forward (GLF) Campaign initiated by Mao in 1958 in China, aimed at boosting China’s economy.

Question 4.

India is not a member of which of the following regional/global economic grouping:

(A) SAARC
(B) BRICS
(C) G – 7
(D) G – 20
Answer:
(C) G – 7

Explanation:
The seven G7 countries are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UKĀ  and the US.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 5.

The main aim of ‘Great Leap Forward’ (GLF) in China was to ensure rapid increase of ……………….

(A) agriculture
(B) industries
(C) services
(D) exports
Answer:
(B) industries

Explanation:
The campaign is modeled on the development of major industries in the country. People were motivated about establishing industries in their backyards.

Question 6.

Introduction of Economic Reforms in China took place in the year ………

(A) 1978
(B) 1980
(C) 1988
(D) 1991
Answer:
(A) 1978

Explanation:
It was in 1978 that China beganĀ  to gradually abandon the planning system and return to a market-oriented economy.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 7.

Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was introduced under the leadership of ………….

(A) Mao Zedong
(B) J.L. Nehru
(C) M.K. Gandhi
(D) M.A. Jinnah
Answer:
(A) Mao Zedong

Question 8.

The nature of Pakistan’s economy is:

(A) Capitalist
(B) Socialist
(C) Mixed
(D) Communist
Answer:
(C) Mixed

Explanation:
After repeated attempts at economic restructuring, Pakistan is currently operating in a mixed economy where state- owned enterprises account for the bulk of gross domestic product (GDP). The country has tried many economic structure during its existence.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 9.

The country having maximum population of the world is:

(A) India
(B) China
(C) Pakistan
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) China

Explanation:
China’s Current Population: 139.77 crores India’s Current Population: 136.64 crores Pakistan’s Current Population: 21.66 crores

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 10.

In China, the Great Leap Forward (GLF) Campaign was launched in:

(A) 1940s
(B) 1950s
(C) 1960s
(D) 1970s
Answer:
(B) 1950s

Explanation:
Forward was an economic campaign in the late 1950’s that transformed China from an agricultural to an industrial one that ended in disaster.

Question 11.

In terms of the sectoral contribution to GDP economies of India and Pakistan are now relying more on:

(A) primary sector
(B) secondary sector
(C) tertiary sector
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(C) tertiary sector

Explanation:
The economies of India and Pakistan are now heavily dependent on the tertiary sector and the Chinese economy is more reliant on the second sector.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 12.

In terms of the sectoral contribution to GDP the economy of China is relying more on:

(A) primary sector
(B) secondary sector
(C) tertiary sector
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(B) secondary sector

Explanation:

Sector Ftercent Share in GDP
India Pakistan China
Primary 23 23 15
Secondary 26 23 53
Tertiary 51 54 32

Question 13.

Growth rate of population is highest in which of the following countries?

(A) India
(B) China
(C) Pakistan
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) Pakistan

Explanation:
Annual Growth Rate of
Population:
China: 1%
India: 1.7%
Pakistan: 2.5%

Question 14.

Which of the following countries has the lowest density of population?

(A) India
(B) China
(C) Pakistan
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) China

Explanation:
Population density: China: 153 per Km2 Pakistan: 287 per Km2 India: 324 per Km2

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 15.

Which of the following countries has the least urbanised population?

(A) India
(B) China
(C) Pakistan
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) India

Explanation:
In 2020, urban population for China was 61.4%, India was 34.93%, and Pakistan was 36.91%.

Question 16.

When did India and Pakistan become independent?

(A) In 1948
(B) In 1950
(C) In 1947
(D) In 1951 0
Answer:
(C) In 1947

Question 17.

Human development index measures ……………… of economy.

(A) quality of life
(B) birth rate
(C) death rate
(D) quality of education
Answer:
(A) quality of life

Explanation:
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank the levels of countries’ social and economic development.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 18.

The largest democratic economy of the world is:

(A) China
(B) Pakistan
(C) India
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) India

Explanation:
With a population of more than 1.2 billion, India is the world’s largest democracy.

Question 19.

When was, ‘one child norm’ introduced in China?

(A) Late 1970s
(B) Late 1960s
(C) Late 1980s
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Late 1970s

Explanation:
The one-child policy was a Chinese government policy to control population growth. It was introduced in 1979 and terminated in 2015, and was strengthened by a combination of incentives and sanctions.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 20.

What was the alternative name of First Five Year Plan of Pakistan in 1956?

(A) Long-term plan
(B) Medium-term plan
(C) Short-term plan
(D) None of the above 0
Answer:
(B) Medium-term plan

Question 21.

From the set of events/systerns given in column A and corresponding relevant fact given in column B, about China, choose the correct pair of statement:

Column A Column B
(1) Great Leap Forward (a) Cultivating land Collectively
(2) Commune System (b) Opening of the Industries in their homes
(3) Proletarian Cultural revolution (c) Students were sent to work and learn from the countryside
(4) Economic Reforms in China (d) 1988

(A) 1 – (a)
(B) 2 – (b)
(C) 3 – (c)
(D) 4 – (b)
Answer:
(C) 3 – (c)

Question 22.

Identify the correctly matched pair in Column A and Column B from the following:

Column A Column B
(1) India (a) Economic reforms in 1997
(2) Pakistan (b) Economic reforms in 1991
(3) China (c) Economic Reforms in 1978
(4) India (d) GST rolled out in 1999

(A) 1 – (a)
(B) 2 – (b)
(C) 3 – (c)
(D) 4 – (b)
Answer:
(C) 3 – (c)

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 23.

Identify the correctly matched pair in Column A and Column B from the following:

Column A Column B
(1) Population growth rate of India (a) 3.9%
(2) Population growth rate of Pakistan (b) 2.5%
(3) Economic Reforms in India (c) 1995
(4) Economic Reforms in China (d) 1974

(A) 1 – (a)
(B) 2 – (b)
(C) 3 – (c)
(D) 4 – (b)
Answer:
(B) 2 – (b)

Explanation:
Population growth rate of India: 1. 7%
Population growth rate of Pakistan: 2.5% Economic Reforms in India: 1991 Economic Reforms in China: 1978

Assertion and Reason Based MCQs

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Question 1.

Assertion (A): In initial phase in China, reforms were initiated in agriculture, foreign trade and investment sectors.
Reason (R): India and Pakistan were busy fighting wars with each other.

Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

Explanation:
Reforms were introduced in phases in China. In the first phase, reforms were initiated in agriculture, foreign trade and investment sector.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 2.

Assertion (A): India and Pakistan adopted the mixed economy model.
Reason (R): All the countries in the world were adopting mixed economy model.

Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

Question 3.

Assertion (A): In order to attract foreign investors, special social zones were set up in China.
Reason (R): The government gives a lot of incentives for the industries set up in the special social zones.

Answer:
(D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Explanation:
In order to attract foreign investors, special social zones were set up in India.

Case-Based MCQs

I. Read the report given below and answer the questions that follow:
China and India are the two emerging economies of the world. As of 2019, China and India are the 2nd and 5th largest countries of the world, respectively in a nominal basis. On a PPP basis, China is at 1st and India is at 3rd place. Both countries together share 19.46% and 27.18% of total global wealth in nominal and PPP terms, respectively. Among Asian countries, China and India together contribute more than half of Asia’s GDP In 1987, the GDP (Nominal) of both countries was almost equal.

But in 2019, China’s GDP is 4.78 times greater than India’s. On a PPP basis, the GDP of China is 2.38x of India’s. China crossed $1 trillion mark in 1998 while India crossed 9 years later in 2007 at an exchange rate basis. Both countries have been neck-to-neck in GDP per capita terms. As per both methods, India was richer than China in 1990.

Now in 2019, China is almost 4.61 times richer than India in the nominal method and 2.30 times richer in the PPP method. The per capita rank of China and India is 72nd and 145th, resp, in nominal. Per capita rank of China and India is 75th and 126th, resp, in PPP China attains a maximum GDP growth rate of 19.30% in the year 1970 and a minimum of -27.27% in 1961. India reached an all-time high of 9.63% in 1988 and a record low of -5.24% in 1979.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

During the period 1961 to 2018, China grew by more than 10% in 22 years while India never. GDP growth rate was negative in five and four years for China and India, respectively. According to the CIA Factbook sector-wise GDP composition of India in 2017 are as follows : Agriculture (15.4%), Industry (23%), and Services (61.5%). Sector-wise GDP composition of China in 2017 are : Agriculture (8.3%), Industry (39.5%), and Services (52.2%). – Comparing China and India by Economy – The Statistic Times – 28th August, 2019

Question 1.

………….. and …………. are the two emerging economies of the world:

(A) India, China
(B) India, Pakistan
(C) China, Pakistan
(D) India, Bangladesh
Answer:
(A) India, China

Question 2.

More than ……………. of Asia’s GDP is shared by India.

(A) Half
(B) Quarter
(C) One-third
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) Half

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 3.

India is dependent ……………. on the sector for its GDP contribution.

(A) Agriculture
(B) Industrial
(C) Service
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) Service

Explanation:
The services sector accounts for 53.89% of total India’s GDP composition.

Question 4.

China is …………….. economy.

(A) Agricultural
(B) Industrial
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) Neither (A) nor (B)
Answer:
(B) Industrial

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Explanation:
Industry was 39.5% of China’s gross domestic product (GDP).

II. Read the report given below and answer the questions that follow:
While many like to focus on the similarities between India and China, what’s more important are the differences. Most central to this article is that the two nations rely on entirely different systems of political economy. India is the world’s largest parliamentary democracy, while China is a one-party dictatorship. India’s reforms have scaled back state-run industries, while China’s reforms have created a pseudo-free-market command economy.

India has courted the capitalist West while China has tried to counter it. Looking at how China and India have been simultaneously so successful yet maintained their differences can shed light on the “why.” We’ll start with China. Once the Communist Party seized control in 1949 and declared the nation a People’s Republic, China embarked on a campaign of state-led industrialization that failed miserably.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Mao Zedong’s most ambitious project was the “Great Leap Forward,” which attempted to develop China even faster than Stalin developed the USSR. The state collectivized agriculture and forced peasants to begin making steel in backyard furnaces. Lasting from 1958 to 1960, the Great Leap Forward led to the deaths of 45 million Chinese, mostly as a result of famine and disease. The “Cultural Revolution” from 1966 to 1976 resulted in huge political purges and a mass exodus of people from cities to the countryside.

While countries like Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan all began to approach Western living standards from the 1950’s to the 1970’s, China’s GDP per capita in 1978 was a meager $307 (measured in 2010 dollars). However, 1978 was also the year that Deng Xiaoping took control of the Communist Party and began creating modern China. – India and China: Two Very Different Paths to Development – Berkeley Economic Review – 30th
April, 2018

Question 1.

The difference between India and China’s politics is:

(A) India is a democracy; China is a monarchy.
(B) India is a monarchy; China is a democracy.
(C) India is a dictatorship; China is a democracy.
(D) India is a democracy; China is a dictatorship.
Answer:
(D) India is a democracy; China is a dictatorship.

Question 2.

The communist party of China seized control in …………….

(A) 1947
(B) 1948
(C) 1949
(D) 1950
Answer:
(C) 1949

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 3.

The Great Leap Forward was the ambitious project of …………..

(A) Mao Zedong
(B) Xi Xingping
(C) Deng Xiaoping
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(A) Mao Zedong

Question 4.

India has tried to the capitalist.

(A) Court
(B) Counter
(C) Destroy
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(A) Court

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

III. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
India had to choose to open its borders for the outside world in 1991, due to its debt crisis and the conditions put forward by the IMF. It came ages after the communist China introduced its economic reforms in 1978. India through its LPG reforms liberalised its economy and privatised her non performing PSUs.

With free trade in mind India also started an economic and regional grouping like ASEAN, with its neighbouring countries called SAARC. Though currently for India BIMSTEC holds more importance, still SAARC would have played an important role, had it not been for Pakistan and its hostility towards India.

Question 1.

…………….. In 1978, China introduced.

(A) Great Purification Policy
(B) Economic Reforms
(C) Great Leap Forward
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) Economic Reforms

Explanation:
It was in 1978 that China began to gradually abandon the planning system and return to a market-oriented economy.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 2.

India is a part of which of the following grouping:

(A) G – 20
(B) BIMSTEC
(C) SAARC
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Question 3.

Through LPG, India it’s economy.

(A) liberalized
(B) privatized
(C) globalized
(D) all of the above
Answer:
(D) all of the above

Explanation:
India’s New Economic Policy was announced on July 24, 1991 known as the LPG or Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation model.

Question 4.

In ……………. India introduced its economic reforms.

(A) 1978
(B) 1986
(C) 1991
(D) 1997
Answer:
(C) 1991

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics Unit 8 Development Experience of India: A Comparison with Neighbours

Explanation:
Economic liberalization in India was initiated in 1991 by Prime Minister P V Narasimha Rao and his then-Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics with Answers