Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers
Planning and Sustainable Development MCQs Pdf Class 12 Question 1.
The formulation and implementation of the sets of schemes or programmes aimed at development of various sectors of the economy such as agriculture, irrigation, manufacturing, power, construction, transport, communication, social infrastructure and services is termed as :
(A) sectoral planning
(B) regional planning
(C) linear planning
(D) implementation planning
Answer:
(A) sectoral planning
Explanation:
Sectoral planning is deeply based on various sectors of economic activities such as Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary and their development.
Question 2.
The uneven pattern of development over space necessitates that the planners have a spatial perspective and draw the plans to reduce regional imbalance in development. This type of planning is known as :
(A) sectoral planning
(B) linear planning
(C) regional planning
(D) none of the Above
Answer:
(C) regional planning
Explanation:
Regional planning is related to urban planning as it relates land use practices on a broader scale.
Question 3.
Hill Area Development Programmes were initiated during the :
(A) Third Five Year Plan
(B) Fourth Five Year Plan
(C) Fifth Five Year Plan
(D) Sixth Five Year Plan
Answer:
(C) Fifth Five Year Plan
Explanation:
Hill Area Development Pro-grammes were initiated during Fifth Five Year Plan covering 15 districts comprising all the hilly districts of Uttar Pradesh (present Uttarakhand), Mikir Hill and North Cachar hills of Assam, Darjiling district of West Bengal and Nilgiri district of Tamil Nadu.
Question 4.
Drought Prone Area Programme was initiated during the :
(A) Second Five Year Plan
(B) Third Five Year Plan
(C) Fourth Five Year Plan
(D) Fifth Five Year Plan
Answer:
(C) Fourth Five Year Plan
Explanation:
This programme was initiated during the Fourth Five Year Plan with the objectives of providing employment to the people in drought-prone areas and creating productive assets to mitigate the effects of droughts.
Question 5.
The irrigation in the Command Area was started in:
(A) early 1940s
(B) early 1950s
(C) early 1960s
(D) early 1970s
Answer:
(C) early 1960s
Explanation:
The Government of India launched the Command Area Development programme to bridge narrow the gap between irrigation potential created and actually utilized in major and medium irrigation schemes.
Question 6.
The the irrigation in the Command Area was started in:
(A) Mid- 1960s.
(B) Mid-1970s
(C) Mid-1980s
(D) Mid- 1990s
Answer:
(C) Mid-1980s
Question 7.
The negative impact of the canal irrigation taken up in the areas surrounding the Indira Gandhi Canal is:
(A) increase in fertility level
(B) water -logging
(C) soil salinity
(D) both (B) and (C)
Answer:
(D) both (B) and (C)
Explanation:
The canal irrigation led to adverse impact in the form of water logging, soil salinity, raising of ground water level, siltation of canal by sand.
Question 8.
The concept of development is:
(A) dynamic
(B) stagnant
(C) consistent
(D) static
Answer:
(A) dynamic
Explanation:
The developmental process is viewed as change within a complex dynamic system.
Question 9.
‘The Population Bomb’ was written by :
(A) Meadows and others
(B) Ehrlich
(C) Darwin
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(B) Ehrlich
Explanation:
The Population Bomb is a best- selling book written by Stanford University Professor Paul R. Ehrlich and his wife, Anne Ehrlich, in 1968.
Question 10.
What were the reasons due to which the 8th Five Year Plan got delayed?
(A) Political instability
(B) Liberalisation
(C) Democratisation
(D) Both (A) and (B)
Answer:
(D) Both (A) and (B)
Explanation:
Due to political turmoil at the centre as well as the global economic changes and fiscal imbalances of the country in late 80’s the Eighth plan could not take off.
Question 11.
The Eight Five Year Plan got delayed for how many years?
(A) One year
(B) Two Years
(C) Three Years
(D) Four Years
Answer:
(B) Two Years
Explanation:
The plan was postponed by two years because of the political upheavals at the centre.
Question 12.
Arrange the correct sequence of column II against the column I.
| Column I | Column II |
| Five Year Plan | Year of Launch |
| (i) 1st Five year Plan | 1. Evolution of good irrigation system |
| (ii) 2ndFive year Plan | 2. Rapid industrialisation |
| (iii) 3rd Five year l’ian | 3. Improvement in the production of wheat |
| (iv) 4th Five year Plan | 4. Annual growth rate of 5 per cent in aghculhire |
Options:
(A) i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4
(B) i-2, ii-3, iii-2, iv-4
(C) i-4, ii-1, iii-3, iv-2
(D) i-3, u-2, iii-1, iv-4
Answer:
(A) i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4
Explanation:
Top priority was given to the development of agricultural sector. The idea was agricultural development would lead to higher rate of economic growth.
Question 13.
Arrange the correct sequence of column II against the column I.
| Column I | Column II |
| Five Year Plan | Objectives |
| (i) 1st Five year Plan | 1. 1969-74 |
| (ii) 2ndFive year Plan | 2. 1961-66 |
| (iii) 3rd Five year l’ian | 3. 1956-61 |
| (iv) 4th Five year Plan | 4. 1951-56 |
Options:
(A) i-4, ii-3, iii-2, iv-1
(B) i-2. ii-4. iii-1, v-3
(C) i-3, ii-1, iii-2, iv-4
(D) i-1, ii-4, iii-2, iv-3
Answer:
(A) i-4, ii-3, iii-2, iv-1
Question 14.
What is the extent of the Indira Gandhi Canal?
(A) 200 km
(B) 300 km
(C) 500 km
(D) 600 km
Answer:
(D) 600 km
Explanation:
It covers an area 600 Km long and 45 Km wide of the Thar Desert in North West of Rajasthan.
Question 15.
When was the Indira Gandhi Canal Project launched?
(A) 1948
(B) 1958
(C) 1968
(D) 1978
Answer:
(B) 1958
Explanation:
Conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1948, the canal project was launched on 31st March, 1958.
Question 16.
Which is the most backward area of Himachal Pradesh?
(A) Sangla
(B) Kalpa
(C) Barot
(D) Bharmaur
AnsweR:
(D) Bharmaur
Explanation:
A number of development programmes, policies and projects have been introduced to improve the well-being of tribal people.
Question 17.
The action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer is known as :
(A) transhumance
(B) transition
(C) transportation
(D) none of the above
Answer:
(A) transhumance
Explanation:
Transhumance is a type of pastoralism or nomadism, a seasonal movement of livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.
Question 18.
The Planning Commission of India (1967)identified ………….. districts (entire or partly) of the country prone to drought.
(A) 59
(B) 47
(C) 67
(D) 97
Answer:
(C) 67
Explanation:
The Irrigation Commission (1972) introduced the criterion of 30 per cent irrigated area and demarcated the drought-prone areas,
Question 19.
What predictions did Ehrlich make in his book ‘The Population Bomb’?
(A) Predicted worldwide famine in the 1970s and 1980s due to overpopulation.
(B) Predicted worldwide floods in the 1970s and 1980s due to overpopulation.
(C) Predicted worldwide food overproduction in the 1970s and 1980s due to overpopulation.
(D) None of the Above.
Answer:
(A) Predicted worldwide famine in the 1970s and 1980s due to overpopulation.
Explanation:
The book predicted that there J will be a disaster for humanity due to overpopulation. 10 million people will be starving during each of the years in the 1970s.
Question 20.
What factor determines the human environment interaction?
(A) Level of technology nurtured by the society.
(B) Level of stagnation faced by the society.
(C) Level of love nurtured by the society.
(D) All of the Above.
Answer:
(A) Level of technology nurtured by the society.
Explanation:
Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. The processes of human environment interaction depend upon the level of technology and institutions nurtured by a society.
Question 21.
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is known as:
(A) Advanced development
(B) Sustainable development
(C) Respectable development
(D) Recognised development
Answer:
(B) Sustainable development
Explanation:
Sustainable development is defined as an approach to developing or growing by using resources in a way that allows for them to renew or continue to exist for others.
Question 22.
system means equal distribution of canal water in the command area of outlet.
(A) Waranbandi
(B) Naranballi
(C) Hisssabandi
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(A) Waranbandi
Explanation:
Warabandi is a system of equitable water distribution by turns according to a predetermined schedule specifying the day, time and duration of supply to each irrigation in proportion to holdings in the outlet command.
Question 23.
What was the main argument of Dennis Meadows in Limits to Growth?
(A) Limits to Growth has had a significant impact on the conception of environmental issues.
(B) Limits to Growth has had a limited impact on the conception of environmental issues.
(C) Limits to Growth has had a no impact on the conception of environmental issues.
(D) Limits to Growth has had a marginal impact on the conception of environmental issues.
Answer:
(A) Limits to Growth has had a significant impact on the conception of environmental issues.
Explanation:
The Limits to Growth is a 1972 report on the exponential economic and population growth with a finite supply of resources. Meadows states that Limits to Growth has had a significant impact on the conception of environmental issues and notes I that the models in the book were meant to be taken as predictions “Only in the most limited I sense of the World”.
Assertion and Reason Based MCQs
Directions: In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false and R is true.
Question 1.
Assertion (A): The word ‘planning’ is not new to you.
Reason (R): You must have used it with reference to preparation for your examination or visit to a hill station.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Planning involves the process of thinking, formulation of a scheme or programme and implementation of a set of actions to achieve some goal.
Question 2.
Assertion (A): On 1 January 2015, the NITI Aayog was formed.
Reason (R): But on 1 January 2015, the Planning Commission was replaced by the NITI Aayog.
Answer:
(C) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
NITI Aayog has been set up with the objective of involving the states in economic policy making for India for providing strategic and technical advice to the Central and State governments.
Question 3.
Assertion (A): There is no uniform economic development over space in any country.
Reason (R): Some areas are more developed and some lag behind.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
There are many reasons which explain differences in levels of development between countries. Factors such as climate, availability of resources, terrain and government type are important various regions of a country to development.
Question 4.
Assertion (A): Bharmaur tribal area comprises Bharmaur and Holi tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh.
Reason (R): It is one of the most (economically and socially) backward areas of Himachal Pradesh.
Answer;
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Bharmaur is inhabited by ‘Gaddi’, a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practised transhumance and conversed through Gaddiali dialect. The economy of this area is largely based on agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing.
Question 5.
Assertion (A): Under the Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan was introduced in 1974 and Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) in Himachal Pradesh.
Reason (R): The social benefits derived from ITDP include tremendous increase in literacy rate, improvement in sex ratio and decline in child marriage.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
This plan laid the highest priority on development of transport and f communications, agriculture and allied f activities, and social and community services. The most significant contribution of tribal sub-plan in Bharmaur region is the development of infrastructure in terms of schools, healthcare facilities, potable water, roads, communications and electricity.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): The term development is generally used to describe the state of every societies and the process of revolt experienced by them.
Reason (R): Development is a multi- dimensional concept and signifies the positive, irreversible transformation of the economy, society and environment. R
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The term development is generally used to describe the state of 1 particular societies and the process of changes experienced by them. During a fairly large period of human history, the state of the societies has largely been determined by the interaction processes between human societies and their bio- physical environment.
Question 7.
Assertion (A): In 1970s, the phrases such as redistribution with growth and growth and equity were incorporated in the definition of development.
Reason (R): In the post World War II era, the concept of development was synonymous to economic growth which is measured in terms of temporal increase in gross national product (GNP) and per capita income/per capita consumption. But,even the countries having high economic growth, experienced speedy rise in poverty because ofits unequal distribution.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
By 1980s, development emerge as a concept encapsulating wide-spread improvement in social as well as material well-being of all in a society.
Question 8.
Assertion (A): Indira Gandhi Canal, previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, is one of the largest canal systems in India.
Reason (R): The canal originates at Harikebarrage in Punjab and runs parallel toPakistan border at an average distance of 40 km in Thar Desert (Marusthali) of Rajasthan.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Conceived by Kanwar Sainin 1948, the canal project was launched on 31 March, 1958.
Question 9.
Assertion (A): The concept of development is dynamic and has evolved during the second half of twentieth century.
Reason (R): The notion of sustainable development emerged in the wake of general rise in the awareness of environmental issues in the late 1960s in Western World.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
Question 10.
Assertion (A): The ecological sustainability of Indira Gandhi Canal Project has been questioned by various scholars.
Reason (R): It is a hard fact that attaining sustainable development in the command area requires major thrust upon the measures to achieve ecological sustainability.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Their point of view has also largely been validated by the course of development this region has taken during the last four decades, which has resulted in degradation of physical environment.
Case-Based MCQs
I. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Drought Prone Area Programme was initiated during the Fourth Five Year Plan with the objectives of providing employment to the people in drought-prone areas and creating productive assets. Initially, this programme laid emphasis on the construction of labour-intensive civil works. But later on, it emphasised on irrigation projects, land development programmes, afforestation, grassland development and creation of basic rural infrastructure, such as electricity, roads, market, credit and services.
The National Committee on Development of Backward Areas reviewed the performance of this programme. It has been observed that this programme is largely confined to the development of agriculture and allied sectors with major focus on restoration of ecological balance. Since growing population pressure is forcing the society to utilise the marginal lands for agriculture, and, thereby causing ecological degradation, there is a need to create alternative employment opportunities in the drought-prone areas.
The other strategies of development of these areas include adoption of integrated watershed development approach at the micro-level. The restoration of ecological balance between water, soil, plants, and human and animal population should be a basic consideration in the strategy of development of drought-prone areas.
Question 1.
When was the Drought Prone Area Programme initiated?
(A) Fourth Five Year Plan
(B) Fifth Five Year Plan
(C) Sixth Five Year Plan
(D) Seventh Five Year Plan
Answer:
(A) Fourth Five Year Plan
Explanation:
DPAP was the earliest area devel-opment programme launched by the Central Government to tackle the special problems faced by those fragile areas, which are con-stantly affected by severe drought conditions.
Question 2.
What was its objective?
(A) Providing employment to the people in drought-prone areas
(B) Creation of basic rural infrastructure
(C) Afforestation
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above
Explanation:
The basic objective of the programme was to minimise the adverse effects of drought on production of crops and livestock and productivity of land, water and human resources ultimately leading to drought proofing of the affected areas. In other words, the main objective was to create productive assets to mitigate the effects of droughts.
Question 3.
Who reviewed the performance of the DPAP?
(A) National Committee on Development Backward Areas
(B) National Commission on Development Backward Areas
(C) National Compartment on Development Backward Areas
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(A) National Committee on Development Backward Areas
Explanation:
Which is the other strategy of development that has been inculcated in these areas?
Question 4.
Which state has a low literacy rate?
(A) Integrated watershed development approach
(B) Integrated waterfall development approach
(C) Intelligent watershed development approach
(D) Integrated watershed department approach
Answer:
(A) Integrated watershed development approach
Explanation:
The main objective of IWMP is to restore ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing degraded natural resources such as soil, vegetative cover and water.
II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Bharmaur tribal area comprises Bharmaur and Holi tehsils of Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh. It is a notified tribal area since 21 November 1975. Bharmaur is inhabited by ‘Gaddi’, a tribal community who have maintained a distinct identity in the Himalayan region as they practised transhumance and conversed through Gaddiali dialect.
Bharmaur tribal region has harsh climate conditions, low resource base and fragile environment. These factors have influenced the society and economy of the region. According to the 2011 census, the total population of Bharmaur sub-division was 39,113 i.e., 21 persons per sq km.
It is one of the most(economically and socially) backward areas of Himachal Pradesh. Historically, the Gaddis have experienced geographical and political isolation and socio- economic deprivation. The economy is largely based on agriculture and allied activities such as sheep and goat rearing. The process of development of tribal area of Bharmaur started in 1970s when Gaddis were included among ‘scheduled tribes’.
Question 1.
In which year was Bharmaur notified as a tribal area?
(A) 1965
(B) 1975
(C) 1985
(D) 1995
Answer:
(B) 1975
Explanation:
In 1975 the region of Bharmaur was notified as a tribal region.
Question 2.
What was the population of Bharmaur according to the 2011 Census?
(A) 39,113
(B) 29,113
(C) 49,113
(D) 59,113
Answer:
(A) 39,113
Question 3.
Bharmaur is the most economically backward area of …………….
(A) Uttarakhand
(B) Himachal Pradesh
(C) Jammu & Kashmir
(D) Ladakh
Answer:
(B) Himachal Pradesh
Explanation:
Bharmour is a medium size village located in Brahmaur Tehsil of Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh.
Question 4.
The process of development of tribal area of Bharmaur started in when Gaddis were included among’scheduled tribes’.
(A) 1950s
(B) 1960s
(C) 1970s
(D) 1980s
Answer:
(C) 1970s
Explanation:
The process of development of tribal area of Bharmaur started in 1970s when Gaddis were included among ‘scheduled tribes’. Under die Fifth Five Year Plan, the tribal sub-plan was introduced in 1974 and Bharmaur was designated as one of the five Integrated Tribal Development Projects (ITDP) in Himachal Pradesh.
II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Indira Gandhi Canal, previously known as the Rajasthan Canal, is one of the largest canal systems in India. Conceived by Kanwar Sain in 1948, the canal project was launched on 31 March, 1958. The canal originates at Harikebar rage in Punjab and runs parallel to Pakistan border at an average distance of 40 km in Thar Desert (Marusthali) of Rajasthan.
The total planned length of the system is 9,060 km catering to the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of 19.63 lakh hectares. Out of the total command area, about 70 per cent was envisaged to be irrigated by flow system and the rest by lift system. The construction work of the canal system has been carried out through two stages.
The command area of Stage-I lies in Ganganagar, Hanumangarh and northern part of Bikaner districts. It has a gently undulating topography and its culturable command area is 5.53 lakh hectares. The command area of Stage-II is spread over Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur and Churn districts covering culturable command area of 14.10 lakh ha.
It comprises desert land dotted with shifting sand dunes and temperature soaring to 50°C in summers. In the lift canal, the water is lifted up to make it to flow against the slope of the land. All the lift canals of Indira Gandhi Canal system originate at the left bank of main canal while all the canals on the right bank of main canal are flow channels.
Question 1.
When was the Indira Gandhi Canal Project launched?
(A) 1948
(B) 1958
(C) 1968
(D) 1978
Answer:
(B) 1958
Explanation:
Stage of construction began in 1958and was completed in 1983. This stage is described as consisting of a 204 km feeder canal and 189 km main canal.
Question 2.
The canal caters to the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of lakh hectares.
(A) 19.63
(B) 19.83
(C) 19.73
(D) 19.93
Answer:
(A) 19.63
Explanation:
The total planned length of the system is 9,060 km catering to the irrigation needs of a total culturable command area of 19.63 lakh hectares.
Question 3.
The command area of is spread over Bikaner, Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur and Churu districts.
(A) Stage I
(B) Stage II
(C) Stage III
(D) Stage IV
Answer:
(B) Stage II
Explanation:
The canal traverses seven districts of Rajasthan: Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Hanuman garh, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, and Sriganganagar.
Question 4.
In water is not transported by natural flow, but is lifted with pumps or surge pools.
(A) Lift canal
(B) Shift canal
(C) Substitute canal
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(A) Lift canal
Explanation:
Lift canal isa method of irrigation in which water instead of being transported by natural flow requires external energy through animal, fuel based or electric power using 1 pumps or other mechanical means.