CBSE Class 9 Geography Chapter 6 Extra Questions Population Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 9 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 6 Population.
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NCERT Class 9 Geography Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Population
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Why are people considered an important part of society?
Answer:
People are considered an important part of society as they develop the economy and the society, make and use resources. People are both producers and consumers of the resources.
Question 2.
‘Population is the pivotal element in social studies’. How?
Answer:
Population is the point of reference from which all other elements are observed and from which they derive meaning and significance.
Question 3.
After how many years is the census held?
Answer:
After 10 years.
Question 4.
What do you mean by size and distribution of population?
Answer:
Population size means number of people at a particular time and place. Population distribution means how are they located in various regions.
Question 5.
Mention the different components of population quality.
Answer:
Age, sex composition, literacy levels, occupational structure and health condition are the different components of population quality.
Question 6.
According to the 2011 census which was the most populous state of India?
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh.
Question 7.
Name the biggest Indian state in terms of area.
Answer:
Rajasthan.
Question 8.
How is the density of population calculated?
Answer:
The density of population is calculated by the number of persons per unit area.
Question 9.
What position does India hold in the world with regard to its population density?
Answer:
India hold the third position after Bangladesh and Japan.
Question 10.
What was the population density of India in the year 2011?
Answer:
382 persons per sq km.
Question 11.
Give two reasons why the population density is low in some areas.
Answer:
Rugged terrain and unfavourable climate are the two reasons.
Question 12.
Which Indian regions have moderate population density?
Answer:
The North eastern and peninsular regions have moderate population density
Question 13.
Give reasons for moderate population density in peninsular states.
Answer:
Shallow and less fertile soil, moderate to low rainfall, hilly, rocky and dissected nature of the terrain are some factors.
Question 14.
Which regions of India have high population density?
Answer:
The Northern Plain have high population density.
Question 15.
Identify the three states of the Northern Plains with high population densities.
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal
Question 16.
Mention two reasons responsible for the high density of population in the Northern Plains.
Answer:
Flat plain with fertile soils and abundant rainfall.
Question 17.
What was the annual growth rate of India’s population in 2011?
Answer:
1.64%
Question 18.
What are the process involved in population change?
Or
What are the three processes involved in the change of numbers, distribution and composition of the population?
Answer:
Births, deaths and migrations are the processes involved in population change.
Question 19.
Mention two ways through which population change could be expressed.
Answer:
The two ways to express population change include absolute number and percentage change per year.
Question 20.
Which is the major component of population growth in India? Why?
Answer:
Birth rate is the major component of growth in India because birth rates have always been higher than death rates.
Question 21.
Mention two types of migration.
Answer:
The two types of migration are internal and international migration.
Question 22.
What is international migration?
Answer:
International migration is the movement of people between countries.
Question 23.
Which movement of the people across regions and territories does not change the size of the population? [CBSE 2010]
Answer:
Internal migration.
Question 24.
Which population factor is influenced by internal migration size or distribution? [HOTS]
Answer:
The distribution of population within a country is influenced by internal migration.
Question 25.
What is the sex ratio in India according to 2011 census?
Answer:
943 females per 1000 males
Question 26.
What is the sex ratio of Kerala, Puducherry, Delhi and Haryana as per 2011 census?
Answer:
(a) Kerala – 1084 females per 1000 males.
(b) Puducherry – 1038 females per 1000 males.
(c) Delhi – 866 females per 1000 males.
(d) Haryana – 877 females per 1000 males.
Question 27.
What is the pattern of internal migration in India?
Answer:
From rural to urban area.
Question 28.
What do you understand by the term ‘age composition’?
Answer:
The age composition of a population refers to the number of people in different age groups in a country.
Question 29.
What benefits have to be provided to children below 15 years?
Answer:
Children below 15 years are economically unproductive and need to be provided with food, clothing, education and medical care.
Question 30.
Which age groups are considered ‘non-producers’?
Answer:
The children below 15 years and the aged above 59 years are considered non-producers.
Question 31.
In whose favour has the sex ratio been in the country?
Answer:
The sex ratio in the country has always remained favourable to males and unfavourable to females.
Question 32.
What do you understand by the term ‘literacy’?
Answer:
Literacy relates to quality of being able to read and write in any language.
Question 33.
What is the literacy rate of India as per the 2011 census?
Answer:
73% (80.9% for males and 64.6% for females).
Question 34.
Why do difference exsist in literary level of males and females in India?
Answer:
Because more preference is given to males as compared to females. Males are considered as earning members, so they are more literate.
Question 35.
Name one social indicator and one economic indicator of population composition. [HOTS]
Answer:
One important social indicator is sex ratio and economic indicator is occupational structure
Question 36.
What is occupational structure?
Answer:
The distribution of the population according to different types of occupations is referred to as the occupational structure.
Question 37.
Mention the classification of occupations.
Answer:
Occupations are classified in primary, secondary and tertiary activities.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 38.
What are the three major issues inculcate through the census?
Answer:
The three major issues inculcated through census are:
(a) Population size and distribution. It explains how many people are there in a specific region and where they are located.
(b) Population growth and processes of population change. It means how the population has grown and changed with the times.
(c) Characteristics or qualities of the population. The age, sex, composition, literacy levels, occupational structure and health conditions can be known.
Question 39.
Define census. What is the importance of the study of population?
Answer:
Census is the counting of population of a country. In India, it takes place after every ten years. In census, various kinds of information is collected about the members of the households. On the basis of this information, the government provides details about birth rate, death rate, sex ratio, literacy and other important features of population. The importance of studying population is mainly in estimating the total manpower available for production and total amount of goods and services required for their consumption.
Question 40.
Describe the distribution of population in India. [CBSE 2015, 2016]
Answer:
(a) The population of India, as on March 2011, stood at 1,210.6 million. These 1.21 billion people
are unevenly distributed over 3.28 million square km.
(b) The population is divided into:
Very densely population – Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh. Very sparsely population—Sikkim Lakshadweep, Rajasthan, Arunachal Pradesh.
Moderately population – States like Assam and Peninsular states.
(c) The dense population is due to fertile, flat land and favourable climate. On the other hand, hilly areas or regions with low rainfall do not allow people to settle there.
Question 41.
What were the causes of uneven population in India? [CBSE 2016]
Answer:
The population of India is unevenly distributed in India because of the following reasons:
(a) Relief of the land: Where there are mountains and rugged relief the population is sparse. Flat and fertile land favours the population density.
(b) Climate: Less people live in cold climate, in very hot climate and where it is dry. More people live in areas where the climate is favourable.
(c) In regions where the industrial development is more the population is dense as occupations are more. Moreover, the transport facilities also favour the growth of population.
Question 42.
How does migration play an important role in population growth? Explain the ‘pull’ and ‘push’ factors of migration.
Answer:
Migration leads to steady increase in the percentage of population especially in the cities and town. It not only changes the population size but also the population composition.
The ‘pull’ factor of the city is the movement or migration of people to the cities due to increased employment opportunities, education and better living conditions.
The ‘push’ factor is associated with the migration from rural to urban area due to unfavourable conditions like unemployment and poverty in the villages.
Question 43.
What has been the impact of urbanisation in India? Mention three features.
Answer:
The impact of urbanisation in India:
(a) Rapid urbanisation has led to lack of facilities like housing, sanitation, water, power and education, etc. Slums and other social tensions are created. Crime rate has increased.
(b) It has put heavy pressure on transport. Heavy rush on roads creates transport problems like traffic jams, accidents, etc. High urbanisation has created congestion and pollution.
(c) Rural areas are being neglected.
Question 44.
Why is ‘Age Composition’ considered as one of the most basic characteristics of population? Explain. [CBSE 2016]
Answer:
(a) Age composition is considered as the most basic characteristics of population as age influences what a person needs, buys and his capacity to perform.
(b) The number and percentage of a population found within the children, working age and aged groups are an important factor to determine the society’s social and economic structure.
(c) The age structure in India gives more weightage to adults-58.7%, aged 6.9% and children-34.4%.
Question 45.
How are the categories of people according to age composition advantageous to India?
Answer:
The categories of people according to age composition are advantageous to India in the following manner:
Children (generally below 15 years) are economically unproductive and have to be provided with food, clothing, education and medical care as the future of the country depends upon them. Adults (15-59 years) form the working population of the country, the progress and development of the country depends upon them.
Aged (above 59 years) They may have retired but they may work voluntarily.
Question 46.
Explain any three differences between dependent and productive population.
Answer:
| Dependent Population | Productive Population |
| (a) It comprises of population below 15 years and above 60. (b) They are not actively engaged in productive occupation. (c) They do not contribute to the national income. (d) They are supported by productive population. High dependency ratio has socio-economic implications. |
(a) It comprises of population between age group of 16-59 years. (b) The population is engaged in productive occupation. (c) They contribute to the national income.(d) The age group is economically independent and supports dependent population of non-workers and children. |
Question 47.
Give reasons for low sex ratio in India.
Answer:
India’s sex ratio according to 2011 census is 943 females per thousand males. It is unfavourable due to:
(a) early marriages and social evils like dowry deaths. Female children are neglected.
(b) illiteracy among females is high. They have no knowledge about pre-natal and post-natal care.
(c) low economic and political status of females.
Question 48.
“In India, literacy rate among women is still low.” Justify the statement. [HOTS]
Answer:
(a) In India, women generally look after domestic work and are left with no time to get educated
mostly in the villages. Therefore the literacy rate is low.
(b) Lack of awareness and economic backwardness is another reason for the low literacy rate,
(c) Neglect of the child, especially a girl child, is very common. They are not given proper education, nutrition and medical care.
Question 49.
Who is treated as literate according to the Census of 2001? Why is literacy an important quality of a population?
Answer:
According to the 2011 census, any person aged 7 years and above, who can read and write with understanding in any language, is treated as literate.
Literacy is an important quality of a population as only an informed and educated citizen can make intelligent choices and undertake research and development project. Not much economic development can take place with low literacy levels.
Question 50.
Explain the occupational structure of India.
Answer:
India has the following occupational structure:
(a) Primary-Agriculture: Majority of population in India is engaged in agriculture. This has given rise to disguised unemployment.
(b) Secondary-Industries: A little more than 10% of Indian population is engaged in secondary sector which is for less than countries of Europe. Production activities and not equally developed.
This leads to heavy dependence on primary sectors which itself is not so developed. This
leads to unbalanced economy.
(c) Tertiary: Population engaged in banking, communication and transport is only 29%.
Question 51.
What are the advantages of having a healthy population? In spite of the efforts of the government, the health situation in India is a matter of great concern. Why?
Answer:
- A healthy population only can provide welfare and well-being of a society.
- A healthy population only bear healthy mind to have responsible citizens and to contribute economic development of the country.
- Despite the achievements made a large percentage of the population still suffers from malnutrition. Safe drinking water and basic sanitation facilities are available to a very small percentage of the rural population.
Question 52.
Why is too much attention and care required for adolescent population?
Answer:
For the following reasons too much attention and care is required for adolescent population:
Adolescent population constitutes l/5th of the total population of India. Adolescents are generally grouped in the age group of 10-19 years. They are the most important resources of the future. Nutrition requirement of adolescents are higher than those of a normal child or adult.
Poor nutrition can lead to deficiency and stunted growth but in India, the diet available to adolescents is inadequate in all nutrients. A large number of adolescent girls suffer from anemia. Their problems have so far not received adequate attention in the process of development.
Question 53.
Explain how the quality of people is more important than quantity of people. [CBSE 2011]
Answer:
Quality of people refers to the education, knowledge, skills of the people. The people are healthy and lead an active life. They put in more working hours and contribute more to the national income of the country. Quantity of people refers to the total population of the country. Many do not get adequate health facilities, per capita calorie consumption is much below the recommended level Safe drinking water and sanitation may not be available to them. Many may not get education and mostly are manual workers. Therefore a small mentally-developed population with a healthy body is more important than a large population.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 54.
Why is population very important in a country? [HOTS]
Or
Why is population a pivotal element in social studies?
Answer:
(a) The people are important to develop the economy and society.
(b) The people make and use the resources and are themselves resources with varying quality.
(c) It is the point of reference from which all other elements observed and from which they derive significance and meaning. ‘Resources’, ‘calamities’ and ‘disasters’ are all meaningful only in relation to human beings.
(d) Their numbers, distributions, growth and characteristics or qualities provide the basic background for understanding and appreciating all aspect’s of the environment.
(e) Human beings are producers and consumers of earth’s resources. Therefore, it is very important to know how many people are there in a country, where do they live, how and why are their numbers increasing and what are their characteristics.
Question 55.
Define the following terms:
Answer:
(a) Population. The total number of people living in a country at a given point of time.
(b) Census. Process of collection, compilation and publication of information relating to different aspects of people living in a country at a specific point of time.
(c) Million plus cities/Mega Cities. Cities with a population of one million and above. There are 53 million plus cities in India, e.g. Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai, Bengaluru.
(d) Urban Agglomeration. Around the core of each town or city, cluster of urban settlements have developed which are linked to the economy of the country .They are known as urban agglomeration. They are extension of cities but are not covered by defined municipal limits.
(e) Sex Ratio. Number of females per thousand males in the population.
Question 56.
What is meant by annual growth rate of population? Why is even low annual growth rate of population considered not good for India? [HOTS]
Answer:
It is the percentage increase in the growth of population per year. The rate or pace of population increase is studied in per cent per year. Rate of increase of 2% per annum means that in a given year, there was an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population. This is referred as annual growth rate. India’s population has been steadily increasing from 361 million in 1951 to 1210 million in 2011.
It is essential to realise that India has a very large population. When a low annual rate is applied to a large population, it becomes a very high absolute number. When more than a billion people increase even at a lower rate, the total numbers being added becomes very large.
Question 57.
Describe the classification of occupational structure. How does occupational structure indicate economic development of a country?
Answer:
It is generally classified into primary, secondary and tertiary activities.
- Primary activities include agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing, mining, quarrying etc.
- Secondary activities include manufacturing industry, building and construction work etc.
- Tertiary activities include transport, communications, commerce, administration and other services.
- Developed nations have a high proportion of people in secondary and tertiary activities because it is more productive and profitable.
- Developing countries tend to have a higher proportion of their workforce engaged in primary activities because these are not as productive and profitable as the other sectors.
- In India, about 64% of the population is engaged only in agriculture. The proportion of population dependent on
- secondary and tertiary sectors is about 13 to 20% respectively.
Question 58.
What are the factors affecting health status of people of India? What are the improvements made in the health status of people of India?
Answer:
The factors affecting health status of people of India are as follows.
(a) The per capita calorie consumption is much below the recommended levels in India and malnutrition affects a large percentage of population.
(b) Safe drinking water and basic sanitation amenities are available to only l/3rd of the rural population.
The improvements made in the health status of people of India are.
(a) Death rates have declined from 25 per 1000 population in 1951 to 7.2 per 1000 in 2011.
(b) Life expectancy at birth has increased from 36.7 years in 1951 to 67.9 years in 2012.
(c) The substantial improvement is the result of many factors including improvement in public health, prevention of infectious diseases and application of modern medical practices in diagnosis and treatment of ailments.
Question 59.
What are the significant features of NPP 2000? What are the measures taken by the NPP 2000 to protect adolescent population?
Answer:
The NPP 2000 provides a policy framework for imparting free and compulsory education for school upto 14 years of age, reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births, achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine preventable diseases, promoting delayed marriage for girls, and making family welfare a people-centered programme.
- Besides nutritional requirements, the policy puts greater emphasis on other important needs of
adolescence including protection from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). - It called for programmes that aim towards encouraging delayed marriage and child bearing,
education of adolescence about the risks of unprotected sex, making contraceptive services accessible and affordable, providing food supplements, nutritional services, strengthening legal measures to prevent child marriage.
MAP SKILLS
Question 60.
Locate and label the following in an outline map of India.
(a) The state having highest and lowest density of population.
(b) The state having highest and lowest sex ratio.
(c) Largest and smallest state according to area.
Answer:
(a) The state having highest density of population – Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, West Bengal (any one)
The state having lowest density of population – Arunachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim (any one)
(b) The state having highest sex ratio – Kerala
The state having lowest sex ratio – Haryana
(c) Largest state according to area – Rajasthan
Smallest state according to area – Goa
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