Class 8 History Chapter 11 Extra Questions and Answers The Making of the National Movement 1870s – 1947

The Making of the National Movement 1870s – 1947 Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 11 CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 11 The Making of the National Movement 1870s – 1947.

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Class 8 History Chapter 11 Extra Questions and Answers The Making of the National Movement 1870s – 1947

The Making of the National Movement 1870s – 1947 Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 11 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What were the crucial questions asked by the people about India?
Answer:
The crucial questions were: What is this country of India and whom is it meant for?

Question 2.
What is the literal meaning of “Sarvajanik”?
Answer:
The literal meaning of Sarvajanik is “of or for all the people” i.e. Sarva = all + Janik = of the people.

Question 3.
Define the term Sovereign.
Answer:
The capacity to act independently without outside interference.

Question 4.
What was the role played by AO. Hume?
Answer:
A retired British official A.O. Hume played an important role by bringing Indians from the various regions together.

Question 5.
Which movement demanded for Indianisation of the movement?
Answer:
It was part of movement against racism.

Question 6.
What were the means of spreading awareness adopted by the Moderates?
Answer:
The Moderates published newspapers wrote articles for spreading awareness.

Question 7.
Mention the slogan raised by Tilak.
Answer:
Tilak raised the slogan “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!”

Question 8.
How was the first year spent by Mahatma Gandhi in India?
Answer:
His first year in India was spent travelling throughout the country, understanding the people, their needs and situations.

Question 9.
What was mainly discussed in the Naoroji’s book Poverty and un-British Rule in Indial
Answer:
In this book, he offered a scathing criticism of the economic impact of British rule.

Question 10.
In which year congress split took place?
Answer:
In 1907.

Question 11.
When did Gandhiji arrived from where?
Answer:
He arrived in 1915 from South Africa.

Question 12.
When was the Khilafat issue got introduced in front of the world?
Answer:
In 1920 Khilafat issue got in front of the world.

Question 13.
Which state of India witnessed Akali Agitation of Sikhs?
Answer:
Punjab.

Question 14.
How did Gandhiji spent his 1st year in India?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi spent 1st year in India by traveling throughout the country.

Question 15.
Which dates is observed as a day of non-violent opposition to the Rowlatt Act?
Answer:
6 April 1919.

Question 16.
How many delegates from all over India met at Bombay in 1885?
Answer:
72 delegates.

Question 17.
What is meant by the concept of Poorna Swaraj?
Answer:
It means complete independence.

Question 18.
What does RSS stands for?
Answer:
It stands for Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh.

Question 19.
What was the demand of ‘Assam tea garden labours?
Answer:
The demand was for the increase in the wages.

Question 20.
What does CPI stands for?
Answer:
CPI stands for Communist Party of India.

The Making of the National Movement 1870s – 1947 Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 11 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe the event of Gandhiji’s arrival to India from South Africa.
Answer:
Gandhiji, at the age of 46, arrived in India in 1915 from South Africa. He led Indians in South Africa in non-violent marches against racist restrictions. He was already a respected leader known internationally. His South African campaign brought him in contact with various types of Indians.

Question 2.
How did the First World War alter the economic and political situation in India?
Answer:
The First world War led to a huge rise in the defence expenditure of the Government of India. The Government in turn increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits. Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices that created difficulties for the common people. On other side business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war.

The war created demand for industrial goods and there was seen a decline of imports from other countries into India so Indian industries expanded during the war. These industries began demanding greater opportunities for development. All this shows the way economic and political situation altered in India with the event of the First World War.

Question 3.
Mention the events by which people linked Non-Cooperation movement to local grievances. Answer:
In Kheda, Gujarat, patidar peasants organized non-violent campaigns against the high land revenue demand of the British. In coastal Andhra and interior Tamil Nadu, liquor shops were picketed. In Guntur, tribals and some peasants staged a number of ‘forest satyagrahas’. In Sind, Muslims traders and peasants enthusiastically took part in khilafat call. In Bengal too, there was seen a great communal unity.

Question 4.
What had happened in Chauri Chaura that Gandhiji called off his Non-Cooperation movement?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi was against violence. He abruptly called off the Non-Cooperation movement in February. 1922 when a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura. 22 policemen were killed. The peasants were provoked because the police had fired on their peaceful demonstration.

Question 5.
Name the important political associations formed after 1850 especially those who came into being in the 1870’ 80’s and who led them?
Answer:
Most of the political associations were led by the English-educated professionals such as lawyers. The important associations were Poona Sarvajanik Sabha, the Bombay Presidency Association, the Indian National Congress.

Question 6.
Define the terms sovereign, Publicists and Repeal.
Answer:

1. Sovereign: The capacity to act independently without outside interference.
2. Publicist: Someone who publicizes an idea by circulating information, writing reports, speaking at meetings.
3. Repeal: to undo law to officially end the validity without outside interference.

The Making of the National Movement 1870s – 1947 Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 11 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
How did the Non-cooperation Movement gain momentum through 1921-22? Explain.
Answer:
The Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum through 1921 – 22. Thousands of students left the schools and colleges that were controlled by the government. Many lawyers such as Motilal Nehru, C.R. Das, C.Rajagopalachari and Asaf Ali gave up their practices. British titles that were awarded to several of the Indians were surrendered.

Legislatures were boycotted. People lit public bonfires of foreign cloth. The import of foreign cloth fell drastically between 1920 and 1922. But all this was seen as merely the tip of the iceberg. The large parts of the country were on the brink of a formidable revolt.

Question 2.
What was the process adopted by revolutionary nationalists such as Bhagat Singh and his comrades for fighting colonial rule and the rich exploiting classes?
Answer:
Revolutionary nationalists such as Bhagat Singh and his comrades wanted to fight colonial rule and the rich exploitating classes through a revolution of workers and peasants. This purpose was served with the foundation of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928 at Ferozeshah Kotla in Delhi. Members of the HSRA assassinated Saunders, a police officer who had led a lathi-charge that caused the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.

Along with his fellow B.K. Dutt, Bhagat Singh threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly on 8th April 1929. The aim was not to kill but “to make the deaf hear”, and to remind the foreign government of its callous exploitation. Bhagat Singh was tried and executed at the age of 23.

Question 3.
Explain the Rowlatt Satyagraha in brief.
Answer:
In 1919, Gandhiji gave call for a satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act that the British had just passed.

1. The Act curbed fundamental rights such as freedom of expression and strengthened police powers.
2. Mahatma Gandhi, Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others felt that the government had no right to restrict people’s basic freedoms. The Act was criticized as ‘Devilish’ and tyrannical.
3. Gandhiji asked the Indian people to observe 6th April 1919 as a day of “humiliation and prayer” and hartal (strike).
4. Satyagraha Sabhas were set up to launch the movement.
5. Rowlatt Satyagraha turned out to be the first all India struggle against the British. It was largely restricted to the cities.
6. In April 1919 there were a number of demonstrations and hartals in the country and the government used brutal measures to suppress them.
7. The Jallianwala Bagh atrocities, inflicted by General Dyer in Amritsar on Baisakhi Day (13th April) were a part of repression.
8. On learning about the massacre, R.N. Tagore expressed pain and anger of the country by renouncing his knighthood.
9. During Rowlatt Satyagraha, the participants tried to ensure that Hindus and Muslims were united to fight against British rule. This was also the call of Mahatma Gandhi who always saw India as a land of all the people who lived in the country.
10. Gandhiji was keen that Hindus and Muslims support each other in any just cause.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 History Chapter 11 The Making of the National Movement 1870s – 1947

Look at the pictures given below and answer the questions.

Picture-1

1. Name the Book written by Dada Bhai.
2. What was described in the Book?
Answer:
1. ‘Poverty and unbritish rule of India’.
2. The book offered a scathing criticism of the economic impact of British rule.

Picture-2

1. What does the picture shows.
2. What was the purpose behind the establishment of Natal Congress?
Answer:
1. It shows the founders of the Natal Congress, Durban, South Africa, 1895.
2. In 1895, along with other Indians, Mahatma Gandhi established the Natal Congress to fight against racial discrimination.

Picture – 3

1. Name the British officer who ordered open fire on gathering of people?
2. What does the above-mentioned figure shows?
Answer:
1. General Dyer.
2. The above figure shows the walled compound in which general Dyer opened fire on the gathering of people.

Map Skills Class 8 History Chapter 11 The Making of the National Movement 1870s – 1947

Look at the map given below and answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Show the following states:
(i) State in which Jallianwala Bagh incident took place?
(ii) Where did ‘forest Satyagrahas’ took place?
(iii) Name the state where Swadeshi Movement was strongest in action.
Answer:

(i) Punjab
(ii) Guntur district – Andhra Pradesh
(iii) Bengal