CBSE Class 9

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource.

NCERT QUESTIONS

Exercises

Question 1.
What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?
Answer:
People as a resource is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities.

Question 2.
How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Answer:
Human capital is in one-way superior to other resources like land and physical capital: human resource can make use of land and physical capital. Land and physical capital cannot become useful on its own.

Question 3.
What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Answer:
The role of education in human capital formation is as follows:

1. Educated people earn more than the uneducated people.
2. Literate population is an asset to an economy.
3. It leads to higher productivity.
4. It opens new avenues for a person.
5. It provides new aspirations and develops values of life.
6. It contributes to the growth of society.
7. It enhances the national income, cultural richness and the efficiency of the governance.

Question 4.
What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer:
The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation. Health is an indispensable basis for realising one’s well being. Henceforth, improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country. Our national policy, too, aimed at improving the accessibility of healthcare, family welfare, and nutritional service with a special focus on the underprivileged segment of the population.

Question 5.
What part does health play in the individual’s working life?
Answer:
Health plays a vital role in an individual’s working life since no firm would be induced to employ people who might not work efficiently as healthy workers because of ill health and not only that, people who are physically or mentally ill cannot work.

Question 6.
What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
Answer:
The various activities undertaken in these sectors are:

1. Primary sector: Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, and mining.
2. Secondary sector: Manufacturing and construction.
3. Tertiary sector: Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism services insurance, etc.

Question 7.
What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Answer:

Basis	Economic Activities	Non-economic Activities
(a) Meaning	It refers to a human activity related to production and consumption of goods and services for economic gain.	It is an activity performed gladly, with the aim of providing services to others without any regard to monetary gain.
(b) Objective	These activities add value to the national income.	These activities do not add any value to the national income, as these are only for self­consumption.
(c) Measurement	These are measured in monetary terms.	These are not measured in monetary terms.

Question 8.
Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer:
Education and skill are the two determinants of the earning of any individual in the market. The women work in places where there is no job security. The various activities relating to legal protection are meagre. The majority of women has less education and low skill formation. All these factors lead to their irregular and low income. So, they are paid less as compared to men.

Question 9.
How will you explain the term unemployment?
Answer:
The term unemployment means a situation where a section of the people, who are able and willing to work, do not find any gainful work to do.

Question 10.
What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer:
Disguised UnEmployment Seasonal UnEmployment In case of disguised unemployment people appear to be employed. Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. They have an agricultural plot where they find work. This usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity. People dependent upon agriculture usually face such kind of problem. The work requires the service of five people but engages eight people.

There are certain busy seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding, threshing is done. Three people are extra. These three people also work in the same plot as five people.The contribution made by the three extra people does not add to the contribution made by the five people.If three people are removed the productivity of the field will not decline.The field requires the service of five people and the three extra people are disguisedly employed. Certain months do not provide much work to the people dependant on agriculture.

Question 11.
Why is educated unemployed a peculiar problem in India?
Answer:
Educated unemployed is a peculiar problem of India because they are not able to find jobs for themselves. This is a situation where the unemployment of graduates and post-graduates has increased faster than among the matriculates. A paradoxical situation is witnessed as there is surplus manpower in certain categories with a shortage of manpower in others. There is unemployment among technically qualified persons on one hand, while there are categories of technical skills required for economic growth. Thus, it is a peculiar problem in India.

Question 12.
In which field, do you think, India can build maximum employment opportunities?
Answer:
There is no further scope in the primary sector because there is already disguised unemployment. In the secondary sector, small scale manufacturing is the most labour absorbing sector. In the case of the tertiary sector, various new services like biotechnology and information technology are coming up and there is scope for further employment opportunities.

Question 13.
Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of educated unemployed?
Answer:
Sriperambathur, Nanganneri, Koodangulam, etc. are some of the villages which did not have job opportunities earlier but later came up.

Question 14.
Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunities but later came up with many?
Answer:
Rampur was the village which initially depended on agriculture and on rainfall. Then, when electricity was provided, the people started using electricity to irrigate their fields and grow 2 to 3 crops in a year to get more work.

Some started small scale industries based on the use of electricity and provide employment to people. A school was established so that the people became educated and started getting employment in and outside the village. The village became prosperous and soon had better health, education, transport, and job facilities.

Question 15.
Which capital would you consider the best—land, labour, physical capital, and human capital? Why?
Answer:
Human capital is the best capital because it can make use of land, labour, and physical capital. The other factors cannot become useful on their own. The knowledge expertise in a human enables him to develop the land, labour, and physical capital to produce an output for his own use or to sell in the market.

Hope given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 are helpful to complete your homework.

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These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India

Question 1.
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:

(i) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as
(a) Coast
(b) Island
(c) Peninsula
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c) Peninsula

(ii) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectivity called
(a) Himachal
(b) Uttarakhand
(c) Purvachal
(d) None of the above
Ans. (c) Purvachal

(iii) The western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as
(a) Coromandel
(b) Konkan
(c) Kannad
(d) Northern Circar
Ans. (c) Kannad

(iv) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is
(a) Anai Mudi
(b) Kanchenjunga
(c) Mahendragiri
(d) Khasi
Ans. (c) Mahendragiri

Get free NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Physical Features of India solved by experts.

Question 2.
Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) What are tectonic plates?
Ans. Large fragments of the earth’s crust torn due to the rising convectional currents are called tectonic plates.

(ii) Which continents of today were part of the Gondwana land?
Ans. The continents are South America, South Africa, Australia and Antarctica.

(iii) What is the bhabar?
Ans. Bhabar is a narrow belt of the Ganga plain covered with pebbles lies along the foothills of the Shiwaliks.

(iv) Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.
Ans. (a) The Greater Himalayas or Himadri (Inner Himalayas)
(b) Himachal or Lesser Himalayas (Middle Himalayas)
(c) The Shiwaliks (Outer Himalayas)

(v) Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan ranges?
Ans. Malwa plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhyan range.

(vi) Name the island group of India having coral origin.
Ans. Lakshadweep islands is the island group having coral origin.

Question 3.
Distinguish between:

(i) Converging and diverging tectonic plates
Ans:

Converging Plates	Diverging Plates
(a) When tectonic plates come towards each other,they are called converging plates.	(a) When tectonic plates move away from each other, they are called diverging plates.
(b) When they come towards each other, they either collide and crumble or one of them slides under the other.	(b) When they move away from each other, they do not collide or crumble.
(c) Converging plates cause folding.	(c) The diverging plates cause cracks or fractures on the earth’s curst.

(ii) Bhangar and Khadar
Ans:

Bhangar	Khadar
(a) This is a highland composed of old alluvium.	(a) This is a lowland composed of new alluvium.
(b) It is always above the level of flood plain.	(b) It is flooded almost every year and new alluvium is deposited.
(c) It is often saturated with calcareous nodules known as kankar.	(c) It is often characterised by clay soil, which is very fertile.
(d) This is not much suited for cultivation.	(d) It is ideal for intensive agriculture.

(iii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
Ans:

Western Ghats	Eastern Ghats
(a) Western Ghats mark the western edge of the Deccan Plateau.	(a) Eastern Ghats mark the eastern edge of the Deccan Plateau.
(b) They are continuous and can only be crossed through passes only, e.g., Pal Ghat, Bhor Ghat etc.	(b) They are discontinuous and irregular and have been dissected by the rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal.
(c) They lie parallel to the Western coast along the Arabian Sea.	(c) They lie along the eastern coast along the Bay of Bengal.
(d) They are higher in south and the height increases towards the south.	(d) They are higher in the north and the height increases towards the north.
(e) Average height is between 900 m to 1600 m.	(e) Average height is 600 m.
(f) The highest peak is Anai Mudi with height of 2,695 m above sea level.	(f) The highest peak is Mahendragiri with height of 1,501 m above the sea level.

Question 4.
Describe how the Himalayas were formed.
Answer:
(a) The oldest landmass of India (i.e. Peninsular part) was a part of Gondwana land, which included India, Australia, South Africa and South America as one single landmass.
(b) Convectional currents split the earth’s crust into’a number of fragments, thereby leading to the drifting of the Indo – Australian plate towards the north after being separated from Gondwana land.
(c) The northward drift resulted in the collision of this plate with much larger Eurasian plate.
(d) Due to this collision, the sedimentary rocks which were accumulated in the geosyncline called the Tethys, were folded to form the mountain systems of west Asia and Himalayas.
(e) The Himalayas represent a youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast-flowing rivers.

Question 5.
Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau.
Answer:
The major physiographic divisions of India are:

• The Himalayan Mountains
• The Northern Plains of India
• The Peninsular Plateau
• The Indian Desert
• The Coastal Plains
• The Islands

Relief of Himalayan Region	Relief of Peninsular Plateau
(a) Himalayas are young fold and loftiest mountains of the world comprising of several parallel ranges.	(a) It is a high tableland made up of old crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks.
(b) They were formed due to folding of sedimentary rock strata in the bed of the Tethys Sea.	(b) The Peninsular Plateau was born by breaking up of the Gondwana land.
(c) This region consists of the highest peaks of the world. Many of these peaks are above 6000 metres and snow covered throughout the year, e.g., Mt. Everest, Mt. K2 etc.	(c) The hills of the Peninsular Plateau are rounded due to large scale erosion over a long period of time e.g., Aravalis and the Nilgiris etc.
(d) The Himalayas represent a youthful topography with high peaks, gorges, deep valleys and waterfalls.	(d)The Peninsular Plateau represents a relief of rounded hills, broad and shallow valleys.

Question 6.
Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.
Answer:

1. (a) The Northern Plains of India are alluvial plains of India. They are formed by the sediments brought from the mountains and deposited by the rivers in the depression formed after the uplift of the Himalayas namely the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
2. (b) The plains spreads over an area of 7 lakh sq. km. The length of this plain is 2,400 km long and 240 km broad.
3. (c) It is densely populated and intensely cultivated area.
4. (d) With adequate water supply and favourable climate, it is agriculturally a very productive part of India.
5. (e) The Northern Plains of India are divided into three divisions.
   • Punjab Plains covers the western part of the Northern plains. They are formed by Indus river and its tributaries.
   • Ganga Plains extends between Ghaggar and the Teesta river, spread over the states of Haryana, Delhi, UP, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.
   • The Brahmaputra Plain lies to the east of the Ganga plains. It covers the area of Assam.

Question 7.
Write short notes on the following:

(a) The Indian Desert
Ans. (a) The Indian desert lies to the west of the Aravali hills. It is an uneven sandy plain covered with sand dunes.
(b) Barchans (crescent-shaped sand dunes) cover a larger part of the desert. Near the Indo-Pakistan border, longitudinal sand dunes are more common.
(c) It has arid climate with scarce vegetation and rainfall below 150 mm per year.
(d) Rivers/streams appear only during the rainy season and soon afterward disappear in the sand. They do not have enough water to reach the sea. JRiver Luni is the only large river in this area.

(b) The Central Highlands
Ans. (a) The Part of the Peninsular plateau lying north of the Narmada river is called Central Highlands. These highlands are made up of hard igneous and metamorphic rocks.
(b) It is bordered by Aravali range to the north-west. The Central Highlands include the Malwa plateau to the west and Chotanagpur plateau to the east.
(c) The Central Highlands are wider in the west and become narrow eastwards. The eastward extension of the Malwa plateau is locally called Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. Chotanagpur plateau in the east is drained by Damodar river, a southern tributary of Ganga river.

(c) The Island Groups of India
Ans. India has two groups of islands namely:
(a) Lakshadweep Islands
(b) Andaman and Nicobar islands group

Lakshadweep Islands:
(a) These island groups are located in the Arabian Sea i.e., west of Malabar coast of Kerala.
(b) These islands are of coral origin formed by deposition of the dead remains,
(c) The total area of islands are 32 sq km. In Lakshadweep, administrative headquarters is in Kavaratti islands.
(d) They have a wide diversity of flora and fauna. The Pitti island, an uninhabited island has a bird sanctuaiy.

Andaman and Nicobar Island:
(a) These islands are located in the Bay of Bengal are the raised portion of the submerged mountain ranges projecting out of the sea water.
(b) Large in size and are more numerous. Some of them are of volcanic origin e.g. Barren island the only active volcano,
(c) These islands are of strategic importance as it lies very close to south-east Asia,
(d) The capital city is Port Blair,
(e) Experience equatorial climate and has thick forest cover.

Question 8.
On an outline map of India show the following.
(i) Mountain and hill ranges – the Karakoram, the Zaskar, the Patkai Bum, the Jaintia, the Vindhya range, the Aravali and the Cardamom hills.
(ii) Peaks – K₂, Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat and Anai Mudi.
(iii) Plateaus – Chotanagpur and Malwa
(iv) The Indian Desert, Western Ghats, Lakshadweep Islands.
Answer:

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur.

NCERT QUESTIONS

Exercises

Question 1.
Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.
(a) Location:
(b) Total area of the village:
(c) Land use (in hectares):

Cultivated Land		Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground)
Irrigated	Unirrigated
		26 hectares

(d) Facilities:

Education
Medical
Market
Electricity Supply
Communication
Nearest Town

Answer:
(a) Location: 3 kms away from Raiganj (a big village) and further on to the nearest small town of Shahpur.
(b) Total area of the village: 226 hectares
(c)

Cultivated Land		Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground)
Irrigated	Unirrigated
200 hectares	NIL	26 hectares

(d) Facilities:

Education	Two primary schools and one high school
Medical	One government primary health centre and one private dispensary
Market	Some general stores and shops selling eatables
Electricity Supply	Most of the houses have electricity
Communication	Posts, telephone and television
Nearest Town	Shahpur

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Economics will help you to score more marks in your CBSE board Examination.

Question 2.
Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?
Answer:
Yes, I agree that modern farming methods require more inputs than traditional farming. It requires inputs like chemical fertilizers, pesticides, pump sets, farm machinery, electricity, high yielding varieties of seeds, and water supply. Most of these outputs are manufactured in industries. Similarly, water supply is provided by canals and tanks.

Question 3.
How did the spread of electricity help farmers of Palampur?
Answer:
Electricity came early to Palampur. Its major impact was to transform the system of irrigation. In Palampur, electricity powers all the tube wells in the fields and is used in various types of small businesses. People say that the electric-run tubewells could irrigate much more than the ordinary ones.

Question 4.
Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation because if a country has to increase its production it has to increase the irrigational area.

Question 5.
Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.
Answer:
Distribution of land among 450 families of Palampur is as follows:

Land (in hectares)	No. of families
0	150
Less than 2	240
More than 2	60
Total	450

Question 6.
Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?
Answer:
The wages for farm labourers in Palampur are less than the minimum wages because:

1. There is heavy competition for work among the farmers.
2. Employment is less and farmers are more and, therefore, farmers have to be content with what they are earning.
3. Land is owned by landlords who desire to earn more and more profit by giving minimum wages.
4. The farmers are illiterate and unaware of the amount of minimum wages set by the government.

Question 7.
In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?
Answer:
To be attempted by the students themselves.

Question 8.
What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.
Answer:
The land area under cultivation is practically fixed so in order to increase the production from a same piece of land, we can use the following methods:

Multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land. It means when two or more crops are grown on the same piece of land during a year, i.e., Indian farmers should grow at least two main crops in a year. In India, some farmers are growing third crop also over the past 20 years such as in Palampur jowar and bajra are grown and potato is the third crop.

Modern farming methods. Production on the same piece of land can also be increased by adopting modern farming methods. The Green Revolution in India is a remarkable example of it. Under modern farming, more cultivable area should be brought under high yielding varieties of seeds and irrigation. The use of simple wooden plough must be replaced by tractors and with increased use of farm machinery such as tractors, threshers and harvesters, make cultivation faster and also help in increasing yield per hectare.

Question 9.
Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.
Answer:
A farmer who works on 1 hectare of land is called a small farmer. He carries out the following activities:

1. Ploughs the field by bullocks or tractors
2. Sows the seeds by simply sprinkling by hands
3. Waters the field with the help of a Persian wheel
4. Sprays the insecticides by manual pumps
5. Cuts the crops by hand-operated tools

Question 10.
How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
Answer:
All farmers require capital during production. They require fixed as well as working capital. The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are able to arrange for their own capital. They sell their surplus in the market. A part of this is saved and the rest is used to buy machinery and other raw materials or lend it to the small farmers to make more profit.

Whereas small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for capital. They borrow from large farmers, moneylenders and traders who supply them various inputs for cultivation. They are charged very high rate of interest by these moneylenders and traders or even the large farmers.

Question 11.
On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?
Answer:
The terms of loan of Savita taken from Tejpal Singh are:

1.  She took loan of ₹ 3.000 at an interest rate of 24 percent.
2. She would have to repay the loan in four months.
3. She also has to work on Tejpal’s field as a farm labourer during the harvesting season at ₹ 35 per day.

The bank could have provided her loan at a low rate of interest. In addition, she would have devoted more time to her own field of 1 hectare, instead of working as a farm labourer for Tejpal Singh.

Question 12.
Talk to some old residents of your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years.
Answer:
To be attempted by the students themselves.

Question 13.
What are the non-farm production activities taking place in your region? Make a shortlist.
Answer:
To be attempted by the students themselves.

Question 14.
What can be done so that more non-farm activities can be started in villages?
Answer:
At present, there are not so many farm activities in the villages. Out of every 100 workers in rural areas of India, only 24 workers are engaged in non-farm activities.
The steps that can be taken are:

1. Supply of electricity in villages needs to be improved. This will encourage the establishment of small-scale industries.
2. More villages should be connected to the towns and cities, through all-weather road transport
   and telephonic systems.
3. The villages should have markets where goods and services produced can be sold such as in Palampur, neighbouring towns and cities provide markets for milk, jaggery, and wheat.

Hope given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 are helpful to complete your homework.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 2 The Sound of Music

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 2 The Sound of Music are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 2 The Sound of Music.

Board	CBSE
Textbook	NCERT
Class	Class 9
Subject	English Beehive
Chapter	Chapter 2
Chapter Name	The Sound of Music
Category	NCERT Solutions

The Sound of Music Class 9 Textual Exercises (Page 20 & 25)

THINKING ABOUT THE TEXT
I. Answer these questions in a few words or a couple of sentences each.

1. How old was Evelyn when she went to the Royal Academy of Music ?
2. When was her deafness first noticed ? When was it confirmed ?

Answers

1. Evelyn was not even seventeen when she went to the Royal Academy of Music in London.
2. Her deafness was first noticed by her mother. It was when Evelyn was eight-year- old. By the time she was eleven it was confirmed.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 2 will help you to score more marks in your CBSE Examination.

II. Answer each of these questions in a short paragraph. (30-40 words).
1. Who helped her to continue with music ? What did he do and say ?
Or
Who helped Evelyn to continue with music ? What was his/her advice to Evelyn ? (CBSE)
2. Name the various places and causes for which Evelyn performs.

Answers

1. Ron Forbes, the percussionist, spotted her potential. He tuned two large drums to different notes. He said to Evelyn not to listen through her ears. She should listen through some other way instead.
2. She plays for the regular concerts. She also gives free concerts in prisons and hospitals.

III. Answer the question in two or three paragraphs. (100-150 words).

1. How does Evelyn hear music ?

Answers
1. Evelyn hears music not through her ears. But she hears it some other ways. She feels the higher drum from the waist up and the lower one from the waist down. She senses certain notes in different parts of her body. She has learnt to open her mind and body to various sounds and vibrations.

She says that the music pours in through every part of her body. It tingles in the skin, her cheekbones and even in her hair. Sometimes, she plays the xylophone. She can sense the sound passing up the stick into her fingertips. She can feel the resonance flowing into her body. She bares her feet on a wooden platform. She does so to let the vibrations pass through her bare feet and up her legs.

THINKING ABOUT THE TEXT
I. Tick the right answer :

1. The (shehnai, pungi) was a ‘reeded noisemaker’.
2. (Bismillah Khan, A barber, Ali Bux) transformed the pungi into a shehnai.
3. Bismillah Khan’s paternal ancestors were (barbers, professional musicians).
4. Bismillah Khan learnt to play the shehnai from (Ali Bux, Paigambar Bux. Ustad Faiyaaz Khan).
5. Bismillah Khan’s first trip abroad was to (Afghanistan, U.S.A., Canada).

Answers

1. pungi.
2. Ali Bux
3. professional musicians
4. Ali Bux
5. Afghanistan.

II. Find the words in the text which show Ustad Bismillah Khan’s feelings about the items listed below. Then mark a tick (✓) in the correct column. Discuss your answers in class.

Bismillah Khan’s feelings about	Positive	Negative	Neutral
1. teaching children music
2. the film world
3. migrating to the U.S.A.
4. playing at temples
5. getting the Bharat Ratna
6. the banks of the Ganga
7. leaving Benaras and Dumraon

Answers
Answers to be ticked as such are :

1. Positive
2. Negative
3. Negative
4. Neutral
5. Positive
6. Positive
7. Negative

Notes : Students can discuss these in the class, as desired with reference to what is given in the chapter.

III. Answer these questions in 30-40 words.

1. Why did Aurangzeb ban the playing of the pungi ?
2. How is a shehnai different from a pungi ? (CBSE)
3. Where was the shehnai played traditionally ? How did Bismillah Khan change this ?
4. When and how did Bismillah Khan get his big break ?
5. Where did Bismillah Khan play the shehnai on 15 August 1947 ? Why was the event historic ? (CBSE)
6. Why did Bismillah Khan refuse to start a shehnai school in the U.S.A. ?
7. Find at least two instances in the text which tell you that Bismillah Khan loves India and Benaras.

Answers
1. Aurangzeb banned the playing of the pungi for its sound. It had a shrill and unpleasant sound. It created noise only.

2. A shehnai is made of a natural hollow stem. It is longer and broader than the pungi. It has holes on the body of the pipe. It is played on with opening and closing these holes like a flute.

3. The shehnai was played traditionally in the Vishnu temple of Varanasi. His maternal uncle Ali Bux used to play the shehnai there. Bismillah Khan practised it in the temples of Balaji and Mangala Maiya. He changed it by creating Raagas in its playing.

4. Bismillah Khan got a big break. It was when he became a shehnai player on All India Radio. All India Radio was opened in Lucknow in 1938.

5. BismilHah Khan played the shehnai at the Red Fort in Old Delhi. He became the first Indian to greet the nation with his shehnai on August 15,1947. He played Raag Kafi to an audience there. It included Mahatma Gandhi and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

6. He refused to start a shehnai school in the USA. It was because there was no Ganga there. The Ganga couldn’t also be taken up there. Whenever he was in the USA, he always missed seeing Hindustan.

7. Bismillah Khan loves India and Benaras much. He says that when he is in Mumbai, he thinks of Varanasi and the holy Ganga. When he is in a foreign land he keeps desiring to see Hindustan.

THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE
I. Look at these sentences.

• Evelyn was determined to live a normal life.
• Evelyn managed to conceal her growing deafness from friends and teachers.

The italicised parts answer the questions : “What was Evelyn determined to do ?” and “What did Evelyn manage to do ?” They begin with a to-verb (to live, to conceal).

Complete the following sentences. Beginning with a to-verb, try to answer the questions in brackets.

1. The school sports team hopes …….. (What does it hope to do ?)
2. We all want ……… (What do we all want to do ?)
3. They advised the hearing-impaired child’s mother ……. (What did they advise her to do ?)
4. The authorities permitted us to ……. (What did the authorities permit us to do ?)
5. A musician decided to ……. (What did the musician decide to do ?)

Answers

1. to win
2. to succeed
3. to take her to a specialist
4. play
5. play a new Raaga

II. From the text on Bismillah Khan, find the words and phrases that match these definitions and write them down. The number of the paragraph where you will find the words/phrases has been given for you in brackets.

1. the home of royal people (1) ……….. .
2. the state of being alone (5) ……….. .
3. a part which is absolutely necessary (2) ……… .
4. to do something not done before (5) ……… .
5. without much effort (13) …….. .
6. quickly and in large quantities (9) …….. and …….. .

Answers

1. royal residence
2. solitude
3. an indispensable component
4. improvise
5. effortlessly
6. thick ; fast.

III. Tick the right answer.

1. When something is revived, it (remains dead/lives again).
2. When government bans something it wants it (stopped/started).
3. When something is considered auspicious, (welcome itlavoid it).
4. When we take to something, we find it (boring/interesting).
5. When you appreciate something, you (find it good and useful/find it of no use).
6. When you replicate something, you do it (for the first time/for the second time).
7. When we come to terms with something it is (still upsetting/no longer upsetting).

Answers

1. lives again
2. stopped
3. welcome it
4. interesting
5. find it good and useful
6. for the second time
7. no longer upsetting

WRITING
“If you work hard and know where you’re going, you’ll get there,” says Evelyn Glennie. You have now read about two musicians, Evelyn Glennie and Ustad Bismillah Khan. Do you think that they both worked hard? Where did they want to ‘go’?
Answer these questions in two paragraphs, one on each of the two musicians.

Answers
Yes, I think they worked really very hard in their lives. Evelyn became deaf in her early age. This could be a great physical handicap. But she didn’t feel disheartened. She worked like a workaholic. She achieved worldwide recognition. She herself admitted that she had to work often harder than a classical musician. While as a young girl, Evelyn noticed a girl playing a xylophone. She decided there and then that she wanted to play it too. Soon she realized her wish. Through hard work she captured most of the top awards.

Bismillah Khan too worked very hard. He used to sit practising throughout the day. He would sit at the banks of the Ganga and practise in solitude. He felt inspired from the Ganga to invent new ragas. Bismillah Khan’s hard work brought him the country’s highest civilian award the ‘Bharat Ratna’. This is the maximum that an artist can go to.

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