CBSE Class 8

Human Resource Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Human Resource

Human Resource Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 6 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What does the population pyramid tells about dependents of a country?
Answer:
Population pyramid tells us how many dependents are there in a country. There are two dependents – young and elderly dependents.

Question 2.
What could be an interesting way of studying the population composition of a country? Answer:
An interesting way of studying the population composition of a country is by looking at the population pyramid, also called an age-sex pyramid.

Question 3.
How crowded a country is, has little to do with its level of economic development. Give example to show its validity?
Answer:
For example, both Bangladesh and Japan are very densely populated but Japan is far more economically developed than Bangladesh. This is the perfect example for the above’s validity.

Question 4.
Define immigration.
Answer:
When a person enters a new country it is termed as immigration.

Question 5.
What does Emigrations mean?
Answer:
Emigration means when a person leaves a country.

Question 6.
What is the general trend of international migration?
Answer:
The general trend of international migration is from the less developed nations to the more developed nations in search of better employment opportunities.

Question 7.
Who are the Emigrants?
Answer:
The emigrants are the people who leave a country.

Question 8.
What is the meaning of population Density?
Answer:
Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the earth’s surface.

Question 9.
Which is the ultimate resource?
Answer:
Human Resource.

Question 10.
Which of the two continents are there in which almost 3 quarters of world’s people live?
Answer:
Asia and Africa.

Question 11.
What does industrial area provide?
Answer:
It provides employment opportunities.

Question 12.
What is the most preferrable topography for humans?
Answer:
Plains

Question 13.
Which area of the world has sparse population when it comes to water availability?
Answer:
Deserts.

Question 14.
What led the people to settle in South Africa.
Answer:
Diamond mines of South Africa.

Question 15.
In which year the world’s population reached 3 billion?
Answer:
In 1959.

Question 16.
What was the world’s population in 1804?
Answer:
The world’s population reached one billion.

Question 17.
Why is the population growth slow in the countries like United Kingdom?
Answer:
Because of both low death and low birth rates.

Human Resource Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 6 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is meant by the term population density and what is the average density of population in whole world and in India?
Answer:
Population density is the number of people living in a unit area of the earth’s surface. It is normally expressed as per sq km. The average density of population in the whole world is 51 persons per sq km. and the average density of population in India is 382 persons sq km. South Central Asia has the highest density of population.

Question 2.
How can we say that people’s are the nation’s greatest resources and human resource is the ultimate resource?
Answer:
People are the nation’s greatest resources as nature’s bounty becomes significant only when people find it useful. It is people with their demands and abilities that turn, them into resources. Hence, human resource is the ultimate resource. Healthy, educated and motivated people develop resources as per their requirements.

Question 3.
What do you know about Human Resource Development (HRD) ministry under the government of India?
Answer:
The Government of India has a ministry of Human Resource Development. The Ministry was created in 1985 with an aim to develop people’s skills. This just shows how important people are as a resource for the country.

Question 4.
What do you mean by the pattern of population distribution? How is world population distributed?
Answer:
The way in which people are spread across the earth’s surface is known as the pattern of population distribution. More than 90% of the world’s population lives in about 30 per cent of the land’s surface. The distribution of world population is extremely uneven.

Question 5.
Define the following:

1. Birthrate
2. Death rate
3. Migrations
4. Life expectancy

Answer:

1. Birth Rate: Births are usually measured using the birth rate, i.e. the number of live births per 1,000 people.
2. Death Rate: Deaths are usually measured using the death rate, i.e. the number of deaths per 1,000 people.
3. Migrations: It is the movement of people in and out of an area.
4. Life expectancy: It is the number of years that an average person can expect to live.

Human Resource Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 6 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Define population change. How do the following factors affect the distribution of population?
(i) Topography
(ii) Climate
(iii) Soil
(iv) Water
(v) Minerals.
Answer:
The population change refers to change in the number of people during a specific time. The world population has not been stable.
This is how the following factors affect the distribution of population.

1. Topography: People always prefer to live on plains rather than mountains and plateaus because these areas are suitable for farming, manufacturing and service activities.
2. Climate: People usually avoid extreme climates that are very hot or very cold.
3. Soil: Fertile soils provide suitable land for agriculture. Fertile plains are densely populated around different parts of the world.
4. Water: People prefer to live in the areas where freshwater is easily available. The river valleys of the world are densely populated while deserts have spare population.
5. Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits are more populated.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

Question 1.

(i) When does the population increase?
(ii) When does the condition of steady population arise?
(iii) When does the population decrease?
Answer:
(i) When birth rate is more than death rate.
(ii) When birth rate and death rate both stay the same.
(iii) When death rate is more than birth date.

Map Skills Class 8 Geography Chapter 6 Human Resource

Question 1.
Mark the Annual rates if natural increase in the following colours.
(i) High (2 – 2.9%) – with red colour.
(ii) 0 or decreases – with green colour.
Answer:

When People Rebel Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 5 CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 5 When People Rebel.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 5 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

When People Rebel Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 5

When People Rebel Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Who were the leaders from Bihar who joined the rebellion?
Answer:
Kunwar Singh, an old zamindar joined the rebellion from Bihar.

Question 2.
When did Bahadur Shah Zafar die?
Answer:
Bahadur Shah Zafar died in November 1862.

Question 3.
What did the new act in 1858 mention?
Answer:
The new act of 1858 transferred the power of the East India Company to the British Crown.

Question 4.
What was the proportion decided for the new recruitment process for soldiers adopted after 1857 revolt by the British.
Answer:
It was decided that the proportion of Indian soldiers in the army would be reduced and number of Europeans would be increased.

Question 5.
Who was highlighted from Faizabad during the Revolt of 1857?
Answer:
Ahmadullah Shah, a maulvi from Faizabad was highlighted during 1857 revolt.

Question 6.
What was decided about customary religious and social practices of the people in India by the British?
Answer:
The British decided to respect the customary religious and social practices of people in India.

Question 7.
What is the term Mutiny means?
Answer:
When soldiers as a group disobey their officer in the army, that situation is known as mutiny.

Question 8.
Who was the governor-general who decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king?
Answer:
Governor-general Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would the last Mughal king.

Question 9.
What was the decision of the British after they regained control over India after 1857 revolt?
Answer:
The British had decided that they could not carry on ruling the land with the same policies any more.
So they decided to introduce several changes in their policies.

Question 10.
What was there for the ruling chief in the new policies adopted by the British after the Revolt in 1857 ended?
Answer:
The ruling chiefs of the country were assured about their territory that it would never be annexed in future, and were allowed to pass on their kingdoms to their heirs, including the adopted sons.

Question 11.
What did the British thought earlier about the rebel?
Answer:
They thought that the disturbance caused by the issue of the cartridges would die down. But nothing happened in the way British thought.

Question 12.
During period of time the erosion of powers of Nawabs and Rajas was noticed?
Answer:
During the mid 18th century noticed the erosion of powers of Nawabs and Rajas.

Question 13.
Why did the ruling families tried negotiations with the company?
Answer:
In manner to protect their interest the ruling families tried negotiations with the Company.

Question 14.
What action did Company took for ‘pleas urged by the ruling families?
Answer:
Company rejected their negotiation pleas.

Question 15.
What was another reason behind the angry of sepoys?
Sepoys reacted in angry to the conditions of countryside also.

When People Rebel Class 8 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What was the condition after recapturing of Delhi by the British?
Answer:
The recapturing of Delhi did not mean that the rebellion died down, people still continued with the resistance and battle with the British. The British had to fight for two years in this manner to suppress the massive forces of popular rebellion.

Question 2.
What was the situation of the peasants and zamindars in the countryside?
Answer:
In the countryside, the peasants and the zamindars resented the high taxes and rigid methods of revenue collection. Many failed to pay back their loans to the moneylenders and gradually lost their lands they had tilled for generations.

Question 3.
Mention the reasons behind the discontent of the Indian sepoys employed in the Company?
Answer:
The reasons behind the discontent of Indian sepoy employed in the Company were:

1. They were unhappy about the pay and allowances.
2. The conditions of the services was not good for them.
3. The religious belief were hurted.

Question 4.
What made the Indian rebelled against Britisher and how they all decided that British is the only enemy to them?
Answer:
Indians rebelled against the policies of British. They believed in common manner that they all have only an enemy and that is British. People started organism themselves, communication and taking initiatives and displaying confidences to them the situation around.

Question 5.
What was the reason behind the capture of Awadh by the Company?
Answer:
In 1856 the Awadh was taken over after the event of 1801 when subsidiary alliance was imposed on Awadh. And the territory was declared being misgoverned and British rule was imposed in order to ensure a proper administration.

When People Rebel Class 8 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
How did the Company plan to end the Mughal Dynasty?
Answer:
The Company began planning on how to end the Mughal dynasty in the following ways:

1. The name of the Mughal kings was removed from the coins minted by the Company.
2. In 1849, Governor-General Dalhousie announced that after the death of Bahadur Shah II, his family would be shifted out of Red Fort and given another place in Delhi to reside in.
3. In 1856, Governor-General Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king and after his death none of his descendants would be recognized as the king.

Question 2.
What was the reason behind the discontent of Indian sepoys of the Company?
Answer:
The reason behind discontent of Indian sepoys were as follows:

1. The Indian sepoys in the employment of the Company were unhappy about the pay, allowances and conditions of their services.
2. New rules violated their religious sentiments and beliefs.
3. It was believed during that time that by crossing the sea one looses his religion and caste.
4. The sepoys were told to go Burma in 1824 by the sea route to fight for the Company and the sepoys refused to follow the order though they agreed to go through land route.
5. The refusal resulted in punishment.
6. The Company passed a law that stated that every new person who took up employment in the Company army had to agree to serve overseas if required.

Question 3.
What made the British believe that Indian society had to be reformed? What steps were taken to stop these?
Answer:
The British believed that the Indian society had to be reformed as there were still practices of sati in Indian society which made the British to pass laws to stop practice of sati and encourage remarriage of widows.

1. For this, the British promoted English language education and allowed Christian missionaries to propagate and function freely in India.
2. In 1850, new law was passed making conversion to Christianity easier.
3. This is how they decided to stop all this.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 History Chapter 5 When People Rebel

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions//:

Question 1.
What does the picture express.
Answer:
In picture the artist wants to show the might of the British soldiers who violently suppressed the rebels forces. Therefore, the picture expresses the British capturing the rebels.

Map Skills Class 8 History Chapter 5 When People Rebel

Question 1.
On an outline map of India represent the following centers of Revolts?
(i) Meerut
(ii) Delhi
(iii) Bihar
(iv) Kanpur
(v) Jhansi
Answer:

Ruling the Countryside Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 3 CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST History Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 3 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Ruling the Countryside Class 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science History Chapter 3

Ruling the Countryside Class 8 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
When did the Mughal emperor appoint the East India Company as the Diwan of Bengal?
Answer:
On 12th August 1765, the Mughal emperor appointed the East India Company as the Diwan of Bengal.

Question 2.
Which settlement was introduced during 1793?
Answer:
Permanent Settlement was introduced during 1793.

Question 3.
Who were appointed to collect rent and pay revenue to the Company during Permanent Settlement?
Answer:
Zamindars were appointed to collect rent and pay revenue to the Company during Permanent Settlement.

Question 4.
Who devised the system of Mahalwari?
Answer:
Holt Mackenzie devised the Mahalwari system.

Question 5.
What was the conclusion of Permanent Settlement at end?
Answer:
Permanent Settlement got failed.

Question 6.
Who initiated and developed the Ryotwari system?
Answer:
Captain Alexander Read initiated and Thomas Munro developed the Ryotwari system.

Question 7.
Name the two systems adopted for growing indigo by the cultivators.
Answer:
Nij and Ryoti were two systems adopted by the cultivators.

Question 8.
What is meant by Mahal?
Answer:
Mahal means village or groups of villages.

Question 9.
What was the aim of the Company after getting Diwani?
Answer:
After Diwani the Company aimed at administering the land and organising its revenue resources and this was done in way that could help the Company attaining enough revenue.

Question 10.
What was the difficult task for the Company to be done?
Answer:
The Company needed to pacify those who ruled the countryside in past. So it was difficult task to eliminate entirely the past rulers of the countryside of the Company.

Question 11.
What led to minimise the bringing of gold and silver by the Company for trade purpose in India?
Answer:
Revenue which was collected from Bengal was sufficient for the Company to purchase goods for exports so the Company started reducing getting gold and silvers for trade purpose.

Question 12.
What was the biggest drawback for zamindars in Permanent Settlement?
Answer:
Failure of payment of revenue resulting in loss of the zamindari was the biggest drawback which zamindars faced in Permanent Settlement.

Question 13.
At the time of introduction of permanent settlement who was the governor general of India.
Answer:
Charles Cornwallis.

Question 14.
Who was William Morris in the 19th century under British rule?
Answer:
William Morris was a famous poet and artist.

Question 15.
By whom was the Morris cotton print designed?
Answer:
By William Morris.

Question 16.
By whom was the ‘Kalamkari print’ was created?
Answer:
By the weavers of Andhra Pradesh Kalamkari print was created.

Question 17.
Define ‘Famine’.
Answer:
Extreme Scarcity of food is termed as Famine.

Question 18.
What was common in Kalamkari and Morris cotton print?
Answer:
In both a rich blue colour common by known as ‘Indigo’ was used.

Question 19.
Define the term ‘Indigo’.
Answer:
Indigo is a plant that produces the blue colour that is rich and is used as dye.

Question 20.
What is meant by ‘Vat’?
Answer:
A large tank or tube used to hold liquid, especially in industry.

Question 21.
Who were ‘Gomasthas’?
Answer:
The agents of Planters.

Question 22.
Who were the ‘Lathiyats’?
Answer:
Lath – weilding strong men maintained by the planters.

Question 23.
What the role played by women in the cultivation of Indigo?
Answer:
The role was to carry the Indigo plant to vats.

Ruling the Countryside Class 8 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Define Mahalwari system in short.
Answer:

1. Estimated revenue of each plot within village was added up to calculate revenue which each Mahal (village) had to pay.
2. Revenue demand to be revised periodically.
3. Headmen of Mahal given charge to collect revenue.
4. This is what Mahalwari system was.

Question 2.
Where was the Indigo cultivated by the English and the French?
Answer:
The Indigo was cultivated by the English in Jamaica and French use to cultivate it in St. Dominque in the Caribbean Islands.

Question 3.
Define the following terms
(i) Plantation
(ii) Bigha
Answer:
Plantation is an Estate on which crops such as coffee, sugar and tobacco were grown.
Bigha: A measuring unit of land area varying locally.

Question 4.
Briefly describe the system of permanent settlement.
Answer:
Under this system Rajas and Taluqdars were recognized as Zamindars and they were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company. The amount that was to be paid was fixed permanently and was not to be increased or decreased in future.

Question 5.
What were the drawbacks of Nij cultivation?
Answer:
The drawbacks of Nij cultivation are:

1. The planters found it difficult to expand the area under Nij cultivation.
2. Labour force was not easily available.
3. Nij cultivation on a large scale also required many ploughs and bullocks investing on purchase and maintenance of ploughs was a big problem.

Ruling the Countryside Class 8 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Briefly explain two following questions.
(i) Explain the two system adopted for the cultivation of Indigo in India.
(ii) What did the British realise about the countryside?
Answer:
(i) The two systems adopted for the cultivation of indigo by cultivators were:

1. Nij: In this process cultivators produced indigo on the lands which were under their control.
2. Ryoti: The planters forced Ryots to sign contract, an agreement (i.e. Satta). They also pressurised village headmen to sign contract on behalf of Ryots. This is how the two processes of cultivation of Indigo took place.

(ii) The British realised that the countryside not only yielded revenue, it could also grow crops that Europe required.

1. By the late 18th century the Company was trying expanding the cultivation of opium and indigo.
2. Therefore the British persuaded and forced cultivators in various parts of India to produce other crops.

Question 2.
What was Munro system and what happened in conclusion after Munro system took over a wide area?
Answer:
In British territories of south, the new system that was devised came to be known as Ryotwar (or Ryotwari).

1. Tried on small scale by Captain Alexander Read in some areas that were taken over by the Company after the wars with Tipu Sultan.
2. Subsequently developed by Thomas Munro, this system was gradually extended all over south India.
3. There was absence of zamindars in south.
4. Therefore it was argued that it had to be made directly with the cultivators (Ryots) who had tilled the land for generations.
5. Munro thought that the British should act as Paternal father figures to protect the ryots under the in charge.
6. The conclusion was not well as driven by the desire to increase the income from land revenue, officials fixed too high revenue demand.
7. Peasants failed to pay, ryots fled the countryside, the villages became deserted in many regions.
8. Therefore, a complete failure of the Munro system also known as Ryotwari system happened during that time.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 History Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

Question:
1. What is observed in the picture above.
2. Who use to attend the weekly market.
Answer:
1. The picture describes a weekly market in Murshidabad, Bengal.
2. The weekly market was attended by peasants and artisans.

Resources Class 8 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 1 Resources.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 1 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Resources

Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 1 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Define localized resources.
Answer:
The resources which are found only at certain places are localized resources.

Question 2.
What is meant by natural resources?
Answer:
Resources that are drawn from nature and used without much modifications are called natural resources.

Question 3.
Give some examples of abiotic resources.
Answer:
Soil, rocks, minerals, etc. are few examples of abiotic resources.

Question 4.
How are the resources generally classified?
Answer:
Resources are generally classified into different groups depending upon their level of development and use; origin; stock and distribution.

Question 5.
What do you understand by the term sustainable development?
Answer:
It means balancing the need to use resources and also conserve them for the future purpose.

Question 6.
Define Patent.
Answer:
Patent means the exclusive right over any idea or invention.

Question 7.
What is the shortest meaning of ‘value’?
Answer:
Value means worth

Question 8.
Give an example of localized resources.
Answer:
An example is iron ore.

Question 9.
What acts as an important factor changing a substance into resources?
Answer:
Technology acts as an important factor.

Question 10.
Define resource conservation.
Answer:
It is defined as using resources carefully and giving them time to get renewed.

Question 11.
Define Technology.
Answer:
It is the application of latest knowledge and skill in doing or making things.

Question 12.
Which of the resources category has a limited stock?
Answer:
Non-renewable resource of energy has a limited stock.

Question 13.
Define the term utility.
Answer:
The state of being useful, profitable or beneficial is termed as utility.

Question 14.
What is meant by Stock of Resources?
Answer:
It is the amount of resources available for us.

Question 15.
Name the two groups of resource whose classification is done based on development and its use.
Answer:

1. Actual resources
2. Potential resources

Question 16.
Give examples of some human-made resources.
Answer:
Building, roads, bridges, machinery and vehicles, etc….,

Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 1 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe the term Patent and Technology.
Answer:
The term patent and technology is described as:

1. Patent is meant by the exclusive right over any idea or invention.
2. Technology is the application of latest knowledge and skill in doing or making things.

Question 2.
What are the renewable resources and how can their stock of certain resource get affected?
Answer:
Renewable resources are those which get renewed Or replenished quickly. Some of these are unlimited and are not affected by human activities, such as solar and wind energy. Yet careless use of certain renewable resources like water, soil and forest can affect their stock.

Question 3.
What are the Human Made Resources?
Answer:
Natural substances become resources only when their original form has been changed. Iron ore was not a resource until people learnt to extract iron from it. People use natural resources to make buildings, bridges, roads, machinery and vehicles, that are known as human made resources, even the technology is defined as a human made resource.

Question 4.
What do you know about Human Resource?
Answer:
Human resource refers to the number (quantity) and abilities (mental and physical) of the people. Though, there are differing views regarding treatment of humans as a resource, one cannot deny the fact that it is the skill of human that helps in transferring the physical material into a valuable resource.

Question 5.
Define what is meant by the Actual Resources?
Answer:
Actual resources are the resources whose quantity and quality are known and these resources are being used in the present. The rich deposits of coal in Ruhr region of Germany and petroleum in West Asia, the dark soils of the Deccan plateau in Maharashtra are all actual resources.

Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 1 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe the following terms in short.
(i) Actual resources
(ii) Non-renewable resources
(iii) Ubiquitous resources
(iv) Natural resources
Answer:

• Actual resources: These are those resources whose quantity is known. These resources are being used in the present.
• Non-renewable resources: These are those resources which have a limited stock. Ohce the stock are exhausted it may take thousands of years to be renewed and replenished.
• Ubiquitous resources: Resources that are found everywhere are Ubiquitous resources.
• Natural resources: Resources that are drawn from nature and used without much modification are called Natural resources.

Question 2.
Define the following.
(i) Human-made resources
(ii) Human resources
(iii) Sustainable development
Answer:
(i) Human-made resources: Natural substances converted into resources by changing their original form. For example, iron ore was not a resource until people learnt to extract iron from it. People use natural resources to make buildings, bridges, roads, machinery and vehicles, which are known as human-made resources. Technology is also a human-made resource.

(ii) Human resources: People can make the best use of nature to create more resources when they have the knowledge, skill and technology to do so. That is why human beings are a special resource. People are human resources.

(iii) Sustainable development: It means careful utilisation of resources so that besides meeting the requirements of the present, it also takes care of future generations.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 Geography Chapter 1 Resources

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

1. Under which resource category the above pic has been categorized?
2. How do wind fans generate energy?
Answer:
1. Under the category of Potential Resources.
2. Wind fans generate energy using wind cycles.

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Mineral and Power Resources

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is a mineral?
Answer:
A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is a mineral.

Question 2.
What is meant by a rock?
Answer:
A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals but without definite composition of constituent of mineral.

Question 3.
Define open-cast mining.
Answer:
Minerals that lie at shallow depths are taken out by removing the surface layer; this is known as open- caste mining.

Question 4.
What does the term quarrying mean?
Answer:
Minerals that lie near the surface are simply dug out by the process known as quarrying.

Question 5.
Which country has no known mineral deposit in it?
Answer:
Switzerland has no known mineral deposit in it.

Question 6.
Name the two countries of Asia that have large iron ore deposits.
Answer:
China and India have large iron ore deposits.

Question 7.
How is salt obtained?
Answer:
Salt is obtained from seas, lakes and rocks.

Question 8.
Where are the oldest-rocks in world located in?
Answer:
The oldest rocks in the world are in western Australia.

Question 9.
Define Geothermal energy.
Answer:
Heat energy obtained from the earth is called geothermal energy.

Question 10.
What is Biogas?
Answer:
Organic waste such as dead plant and animal material and dung and kitchen waste can be converted into gaseous fuel called Biogas.

Question 11.
Name the greatest producer of Nuclear power.
Answer:
USA and Europe

Question 12.
Which type of energy is wind energy?
Answer:
Wind is an inexhaustible source of energy.

Question 13.
How are windmills used since times immemorial?
Answer:
Windmills have been used for grinding grain and lifting water since times immemorial.

Question 14.
Define Geothermal Energy.
Answer:
Heat energy obtained from Earth.

Question 15.
In which part of India there is a huge tidal mill farms?
Answer:
In the Gulf of Kachchh.

Question 16.
Where in India are the geothermal plants located?
Answer:
Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh and Puga Valley in Ladakh.

Question 17.
How is firewood widely used?
Answer:
It is widely used for cooking and heating.

Question 18.
What are the 2 main conventional sources of energy?
Answer:
Firewoods and fossil fuels.

Question 19.
Which is the most abundantly found fossil fuel?
Answer:
Coal is the most abundantly found fossil fuel.

Question 20.
What is thermal power?
Answer:
Electricity from coal is called thermal power.

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What are the uses of minerals?
Answer:
Minerals are used in many industries. Minerals which are used for gems are usually hard. These are then set in various styles of jewellery. Copper is another metal used in everything from coins to pipes, silicon used in computer industry is obtained from quartz. Aluminium obtained from its ore bauxite is used in automobiles and aeroplanes, bottling industry, buildings and even in kitchen cookware.

Question 2.
How is the distribution of iron placed in India?
Answer:
India has deposits of high-grade iron ore. The mineral is found mainly in Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra and Karnataka.

Question 3.
Name the major limestone producing states in India.
Answer:
Major limestone producing states in India are Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.

Question 4.
What is coal and why is coal referred to as Buried Sunshine?
Answer:
Coal is the most abundantly found fossil fuel. It is used as a domestic fuel, in industries such as iron and steel, steam engines and to generate electricity. Electricity from coal is called Thermal Power.

The coal which we are using today was formed millions of years ago when giant ferns and swamps got buried under the layer of earth. Coal is therefore referred to as Buried Sunshine.

Question 5.
Define Tidal Energy and where was the first tidal energy station built?
Answer:
Energy generated from tides is called tidal energy. Tidal energy can be harnessed by building dams at narrow openings of the sea. During high tide the energy of the tides is used to turn the turbine installed in the dam to produce electricity. Russia, France and Gulf of Kachchh in India have huge tidal mill farms. The Ist tidal energy station was built in France.

Question 6.
How is petroleum found and what is petroleum and its derivatives known as and why?
Answer:
Petroleum is found between the layers of rocks and is derived from oil fields located in off shore and coastal areas. Then this is sent to refinery which processes the crude oil and produces a variety of products. Petroleum and its derivatives are called Black gold because they are valuable.

Mineral and Power Resources Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 3 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Define mineral in brief and explain how they are formed without any human interference.
Answer:
A naturally occurring substance that has a definite chemical composition is a mineral. Minerals are not evenly distributed over space. They are concentrated in a particular area or rock formations. Some minerals are found in areas which are not easily accessible such as the Arctic ocean bed and Antarctica.

Minerals are formed in different types of geological environments, under varying conditions. They are created by natural processes without any human interference. They can be identified on the basis of their physical properties such as colour, density, hardness and chemical property such as solubility.

Question 2.
What is meant by Nuclear power? Explain the process how it is obtained. Also name the places of India where the nuclear power stations are located.
Answer:
Nuclear power is obtained from energy stored in the nuclei of atoms of naturally occurring radio active elements like uranium and thorium. These fuels undergo nuclear fission in nuclear reactors and emit power. The greatest producers of nuclear power are U.S.A and Europe. In India Rajasthan and Jharkhand have large deposits of Uranium.

Thorium is found in large quantities in the Monozite sands of Kerala. The nuclear power stations in India are located in Kalapakkam in Tamil Nadu, Tarapur in Maharashtra, Ranapratap Sagar near Kota in Rajasthan, Narora in U.P, and Kaiga in Karnataka.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

Question:
1. What is shown in the figure?
2. Define drilling.
Answer:
1. This picture shows shore drilling of oil.
2. Deep wells bored to take petroleum and natural gas out is called drilling.

Map Skills Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Mineral and Power Resources

Question 1.
On an outline Map of the World mark the following:
(i) Countries of Asia with large iron deposits.
(ii) The countries in Europe that are leading producer of iron-ore in the world.
Answer:
(i) China and India
(ii) Russia, Swedan, Ukraine, France.

Question 2.
On an outline Map of India mark the following.
(i) Iron distribution in the states of India
(ii) Major Bauxite producing states.
Answer:
(i) Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra and Karnataka.
(ii) Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhatisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra.