CBSE Class 8

Understanding Our Criminal Justice System Class 8 Civics Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Our Criminal Justice System.

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Class 8 Civics Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Understanding Our Criminal Justice System

Understanding Our Criminal Justice System Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 6 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Who has the legal right to get a free copy of the FIR from the police?
Answer:
The complainant also has a legal right to get a free copy of the FIR from the police.

Question 2.
When does the role of the prosecutor begin?
Answer:
The role of the prosecutor begins once the police has conducted the investigation and filed the charge sheet in the court.

Question 3.
When does the police begin their investigations into a crime?
Answer:
It is with the registration of an FIR that the police can begin their investigation into a crime.

Question 4.
What has been mentioned in the D.K. Basu guidelines about the friend and relative of the person arrested, detained or being interrogated?
Answer:
The person arrested, detained or being interrogated has a right to inform a relative, friend or well-wisher.

Question 5.
Mention the four key players in the criminal justice system?
Answer:
The four key players in the criminal justice system are the police, the Public Prosecutor, the defence lawyer and the judge.

Question 6.
Mention any one of the Fundamental Rights that Article 22 of the Constitution guarantees to every arrested person.
Answer:
The Right not to be ill treated or tortured during arrest or in custody.

Question 7.
What does the rule of law say?
Answer:
The rule of law says that every one is equal before the law. The words will not make much sense if every citizen were not guaranteed a fair trial by the Constitution.

Question 8.
What was the final verdict in Shanti’s case?
Answer:
In Shanti’s case, justice was finally done to her because she was given a fair trial.

Question 9.
By which part of justice system it is decided whether the accused person is guilty or not? Answer:
It is court of law that decides whether the accused person is guilty or not.

Question 10.
How many key players are in the criminal justice system?
Answer:
There are 4 key players.

Question 11.
What are 4 key players in the criminal justice system?
Answer:
The 4 key players are:

1. The police
2. The public prosecutor
3. The defence lawyer
4. The judge

Question 12.
What is one of the important function of police?
Answer:
One important function of the police is to investigate any complaint about the commission of a crime.

Question 13.
Mention any one Fundamental Right guaranteed in Article 22 and criminal law to every arrested person.
Answer:
The Right to be presented before a magistrate within 24 hrs of custody.

Question 14.
Name the guidelines laid down by the Supreme Court of India which had to be followed while the process of arrest, detention interrogation of any person?
Answer:
D.K. Basu guidelines.

Question 15.
On whose behalf does the prosecution must conduct the prosecution?
Answer:
On behalf of the state.

Question 16.
Where does the judge conducts the trial?
Answer:
The judge conduct the trial impartially and in an open court.

Question 17.
What does Accused means?
Answer:
This refers to the person who is tried by a court for a crime.

Question 18.
Define the term ‘offence’.
Answer:
It means that any act which is defined as crime by the law.

Understanding Our Criminal Justice System Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 6 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What was the final judgment of the judge in Shanti’s case?
Answer:
In Shanti’s case, the judge hears the testimony of all the witnesses and acquitted Shanti of the charges of theft.

The judge also ordered the police to hand over the ? 10000 that the police had sealed. In her written judgment, the judge had made it a point to highlight S.I. Rao’s role in conducting a shoddy investigation that made Shanti spend time in jail.

Question 2.
What is there in the Fundamental Rights guaranteed in Article 22 of the Constitution.
Answer:
Article 22 of the Constitution and criminal law guarantee to every arrested person the following Fundamental Rights:

1. The Right to be informed at the time of arrest of the offence for which the person is being arrested.
2. The Right to be presented before a magistrate within 24 hrs of arrest.
3. The Right not to be ill-treated or tortured during arrest or in custody.
4. Confessions made in police custody cannot be used as evidence against the accused.
5. A boy under 15 yrs of age and women cannot be called to the police station only for questioning.

Question 3.
What is the role of the judge in judiciary system?
Answer:
The judge is like an umpire in a game and conducts the trial impartially and in an open count. The judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the prosecution and the defence. The judge decides whether the accused person is guilty or innocent on the basis of the evidence presented and in accordance with the law.

If the accused is convicted, then the judge pronounces the sentence. The judge may send the person to jail or impose a fine or both, depending on what the law prescribes.

Question 4.
Who is the Public Prosecutor and what is the role of the public prosecutor?
Answer:
In the court, it is the Public Prosecutor who represents the interests of the State. The role of the Prosecutor begins once the police has conducted the investigation and filed the chargesheet in the court. He/she has no role to play in the investigation.

The Prosecutor must conduct the prosecution on behalf of the State. As an officer of the court, it is his/her duty to act impartially and present the full and material facts, witnesses and evidence before the court to enable the court to decide the case.

Question 5.
What is FIR? Describe the process of an FIR?
Answer:
FIR is First Information Report. It is with the registration of an FIR that the police can begin their investigation into a crime. The law states that it is compulsory for an officer in charge of a police station to register an FIR whenever a person gives information about an cognizable offence. This information can be given to the police either orally or in writing.

The FIR usually mentions the date, time and place of the offence, details the basic facts of the offence, including a description of the events. If known, the identity of the accused person and witnesses is also mentioned. The FIR also states the name and address of the complainant.

Understanding Our Criminal Justice System Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 6 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What is the D.K. Basu Guidelines and what it includes?
Answer:
The Supreme court of India has laid down specific requirements and procedures that the police and other agencies have to follow for the arrest, detention and interrogation of any person. These are known as the D.K. Basu Guidelines. These include:

1. The police officials who carry out the arrest or interrogation should wear clear, accurate and visible identification and name tags with their designations.
2. A memo of arrest should be prepared at the time of arrest and should include the time and date of arrest. It should also be attested by atleast one witness who could include a family member of the person arrested.
3. The arrest memo should be counter-signed by the person arrests.
4. The person arrested, detained or being interrogated has a right to inform a relative, friend or well-wisher.
5. When a friend or relative lives outsides the district, the time, place of arrest and venue of custody must be notified by police within 8 to 12 hours after arrest.

Question 2.
What is the role of the police in investigating a crime? Explain briefly.
Answer:
One important function of the police is to investigate any complaint about the commission of a crime. An investigation includes recording statements of witnesses and collecting different kinds of evidence. On the basis of the investigation, the police are required to form an opinion.

If the police think that the evidence points to the guilt the accused person, then they file a charge sheet in the court. It is not the job of the police to decide whether a person is guilty on innocent, that is for the judge to decide.

The police investigations should always be conducted in accordance with law and with full respect for human rights. The Supreme Court has laid down guidelines that the police must follow at the time of arrest, detention and interrogation.

The police are not allowed to torture or beat or shoot anyone dining investigation. The police cannot inflict any form of punishment on a person even for petty offences.

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is a Constitution?
Answer:
A written document in which we find rules that are formulated through consensus is called a Constitution.

Question 2.
Is it necessary that all countries having a Constitution are democratic?
Answer:
No, it is not necessary that all countries having Constitution are democratic.

Question 3.
During which time period did the Constituent Assembly draft a Constitution for independent India?
Answer:
Between December 1946 and November 1949.

Question 4.
Define Right to Freedom of Religion.
Answer:
Religions to Freedom of Religion is provided to all citizens. Every person has the right to practise, profess and propagate the religion of his choice.

Question 5.
What is meant by the major change in the Constitution?
Answer:
The major change in the Constitution means a change in fundamental nature of the country.

Question 6.
Define the term Ideal.
Answer:
A goal or a principle in its most excellent or perfect form.

Question 7.
When did the Interim Constitution come into effect in Nepal?
Answer:
In Nepal, The Interim Constitution came in effect from 2007.

Question 8.
Name the 3 organs of state as per the separation of power done in Indian constitution.
Answer:
(i) The legislative
(ii) The Executive
(iii) The Judiciary

Question 9.
From what does the Fundamental Rights protects the citizens?
Answer:
The Fundamental Rights protect the citizens against any arbitrary exercise of power by the state.

Question 10.
What does a good constitution never allows any whims?
Answer:
A good constitution never allows any whims to change it basic structure.

Question 11.
Define Sovereign.
Answer:
Sovereign means possessing supreme or ultimate power.

Question 12.
What does legislative refers to?
Answer:
Legislative refers to the elected representatives.

Question 13.
Define Tyranny.
Answer:
The cruel and unjust use of power or authority.

Question 14.
What do you understand by the term Federation?
Answer:
Federation refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country.

Question 15.
Which is known as the 3rd tier of the Government?
Answer:
Panchayati Raj is the 3rd tier of the government.

Question 16.
What does a secular state never officially promotes?
Answer:
A secular state is a state which never officially promotes any type of Religion as the state Religion.

Question 17.
When was constituent assembly was founded?
Answer:
Constituent assembly was founded in 1946.

Question 18.
In what sense Indian constitution defines the power of each government?
Answer:
The Indian constitution defines the power of each government at each level and at every tier.

Question 19.
In which Right does the Right to Equality is being guranted by the Indian constitution? Answer:
Right to equality is one of the Fundamental Right.

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How does the Constitution define the nature of a country’s political system?
Answer:
Question The Constitution defines the nature of a country’s political system. As in countries that have adopted a democratic form of government or polity, the Constitution plays a crucial role in laying out certain important guidelines that govern decision making within societies. Nepal’s earliest Constitution stated that the country was to be ruled by the king and his Council of Minister. This shows how the Constitution defines the political nature of a country.

Question 2.
How can we say that the Constitution saves us from ourselves?
Answer:
This can sound strange but this is true to say as this means that we might feel strongly about an issue that might go against larger interest and the Constitution helps us to guard against this.

Constitution also helps to protect us against certain decisions that we might take that could adversely effect on larger principle that the country relies in. Therefore a good Constitution does not allow these whims to change its basis structure.

Question 3.
What is meant by the concept of separation of power.
Answer:
According to the Constitution there are 3 organs of the state. There are the legislature, the Executive and the judiciary. In order prevent the misuse of power by any one branch of the state the Constitution says that each of these organs should exercise different powers. Through this, each organ acts as a check on the other organs of the state and this ensures the balance of power between all three.

Question 4.
Name the Fundamental Rights mentioned in the Indian Constitution.
Answer:
The Fundamental right in the Indian Constitution includes:

1. Right of Equality
2. Right to Freedom
3. Right against Exploitation
4. Right to Freedom of Religion
5. Cultural and Educational Rights
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies

Question 5.
What was the Indian National Movement?
Answer:
The Indian National Movement emerged the 19th Century India and saw 1000’s of men and women coming together to fight the British. The Indian National Movement has a series of activities whose ultimate aim was to end the British Rule from India.

Since its beginning Indian National Congress was an organization which played an important role in Indian National Movement. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose, Rabindranath Taroge, Bal Gangadhar Tilak etc. are some examples of the leaders who lead the movement time to time.

The Indian Constitution Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 1 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Define Secularism and Separation of Power as the key feature of the Indian Constitution?
Answer:
Secularism: A secular state is one which does not officially promote any one religion as the state
religion. The Constitution plays crucial role in laying out the ideals that we would like all citizens of the country to adhere to.

Separation of Power:
According to the Constitution, there are 3 organs of the state. These are the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. The legislature refers to our elected representatives. The executive is a smaller group of people who are responsible for the implementation of the laws and running the government, the judiciary refers to the system of courts in this country.

In order to prevent the misuse of power by any one branch of the state, the Constitution says that each of these organs should exercise different powers. Each organ acts as a check on the other organs of the state through the separation of powers and this feature also ensures the balance of power between all three.

Question 2.
Describe how the Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can agree upon through the example of Nepal’.
Answer:
A Constitution helps serve as a set of rules and principles that all persons in a country can agree upon as the basis of the way in which they want the country to be governed. This includes not only the type of government but also an agreement on certain ideals that they all believe the country should uphold.

Examples of Nepal shows the meaning of the above concept.
Nepal is a country that borders India on the North. Until quite recently, Nepal was a monarchy. The previous Constitution of Nepal, adopted in 1990 reflected the fact that the final authority rested with the king.

A people’s movement in Nepal fought for several decades to establish democracy and in 2006 they finally succeeded in putting an end to the powers of the king. Now the people have to write a new Constitution to establish Nepal as a democracy.

The reasons that they do not want to continue with the previous Constitution is because it does not reflect the ideals of the country that they want Nepal to be and that the citizens have fought for.

Nepal by moving from monarchy to democratic government needs to change all its constitutive rules in order to usher in a new society. This is why the people of Nepal are in the process of writing a new Constitution for the country.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

Question:
1. What type of relation is in the figure signified amongst the member of the constituent assembly?
2. About whom does the above picture shows?
Answer:
1. There is shown an extraordinary sense of unity amongst the members of the constituent assembly.
2. It shows Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, a prominent member of constituent assembly

Question:
1. Whom does the picture refers to?
2. What was the believe of Dr. Ambedkar about the scheduled castes?
Answer:
1. Baba Sahab Dr. Ambedkar is shown as the Father of Indian Constitution.
2. Dr. Ambedkar believed that his participation in the constituent assembly helped the scheduled castes get some safeguards in the draft constitution.

Question 1.
What does the picture shows?
Answer:
1. This shows about people standing in line to cast their votes.

Map Skills Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution

Look at the map given below and answer the following Questions

Question 1.
Mark the following in such a way by colouring them with your desired colour so that we all could easily differentiate their boundaries.
(i) India
(ii) Nepal
(iii) Bangladesh
Answer:

Understanding Marginalisation Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Extra Questions and Answers Understanding Marginalisation

Understanding Marginalisation Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 7 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Where is Niyamgiri Hill located?
Answer:
The Niyamgiri Hill is located in Kalahandi district of Orissa.

Question 2.
How many national parks are there in India?
Answer:
There are 54 national parks in India.

Question 3.
How much area are the 54 national parks and 372 wildlife sanctuaries covering?
Answer:
They are covering around 1,09,652 S km.

Question 4.
Why did many Adivasis have migrated to cities?
Answer:
Many Adivasis have migrated to cities in search of work.

Question 5.
Where were the Adivasis employed in the cities?
Answer:
They were employed for very low wages in local industries or at building or construction sites.

Question 6.
Whom does the Constitution provide safeguards as part of our Fundamental Rights?
Answer:
The Constitution provides safeguard to religious and linguistic minorities as part of our Fundamental Right.

Question 7.
What does the term ‘Militarised’ mean?
Answer:
Militarised means an area where the presence of the armed forces is considerable.

Question 8.
Whom would you call ‘Malnourished’?
Answer:
A person who does not get adequate nutrition or food is malnourished.

Question 9.
What % of India’s population is adivasi.
Answer:
About 8%.

Question 10.
For what purposes the forest land that once belonged to adivasi got cleared.
Answer:
The purposes such as agriculture and industry the forest land got cleared.

Question 11.
What % of tribal groups in rural areas belongs to below poverty line (BPL)?
Answer:
45% of tribal groups in rural areas.

Question 12.
What % of tribal groups in urban areas belongs to BPL?
Answer:
35% of tribal groups in urban areas.

Question 13.
About how many tribal groups does exists in India?
Answer:
There are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India.

Question 14.
How are adivasi’s been portrayed?
Answer:
Adivasis are invariably portrayed in very stereotypical way.

Question 15.
What are considered as the absolute crucial to the development of all empires and settled civilisation in India?
Answer:
Forests were absolutely crucial to the development of all empires and settled civilisation in India.

Question 16.
How many National parks are there in India?
Answer:
In India there are 54 national parks.

Question 17.
How many wildlife sanctuaries are in India?
Answer:
There are 372 wildlife sanctuaries in India.

Question 18.
According to 2001 census what percent of Muslims of India’s population considered to be marginalised?
Answer:
13.4% Muslims.

Understanding Marginalisation Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 7 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Define the term Ghettoisation. Who are Ghettos?
Answer:
A Ghetto is an area or locality that is populated largely by members, of a particular community. Ghettoisation refers to the process that leads to such a situation. This may occur due to various social, cultural and economic reasons.

Question 2.
What does 2001 census tells about Muslims?
Answer:
According to 2001 census, Muslims are 13.4% of India’s population and are considered to be a marginalised community in India today because in comparison to other communities they have over the years been deprived of the benefits of social and economic development. This
census also shows that literacy of Muslims is the lowest i.e., 59% among all religious groups.

Question 3.
What will happen if the culture of majority influences the way in which society and government might express themselves.
Answer:
In such cases size can be a disadvantage and lead to the marginalisation of the relatively smaller communities. Thus, safeguards are needed to protect minority communities against the possibility of being culturally dominated by the majority. They also protect them against any discrimination and disadvantages that they may face.

Question 4.
What will be the result if the Adivasis lose their rights over forest lands?
Answer:
Adivasis use around 10,000 plant species-approximately 8,000 species are used for medicinal purposes; 325 are used as pesticides; 425 as gums, resins and dyes; 550 as fibres; 3500 are edible. This entire knowledge system gets wiped out when Adivasis lose their rights over forest lands.

Question 5.
What is all happening in Niyamgiri hills of Orissa?
Answer:
Niyamgiri hill of Orissa is located in Kalahandi district. This area is in inhabitated by Dongarria Konds, an Adivasi community. A major aluminium company is planning to set up a mine and a refinery here which will displace this Adivasis community. They have strongly resisted this proposed development and have been joined by environmentalists as well. A case against the company is also pending in the Supreme Court.

Understanding Marginalisation Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 7 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What does Sachar Committee report tell about the Muslims and how is economic and social marginalization experienced by Muslims has other dimensions as well?
Answer:
Recognizing that Muslims in India were lagging behind in terms of various development indicators, the government set up a high-level committee in 2005. The Committee was chaired by Justice Rajindar Sachar, The committee examined the social, economical and educational status of the Muslim community in India. The report discusses in detail the marginalization of this community.

It suggests that on a range of social, economic and educational indicators the situation of the Muslim community is comparable to that of other marginalized communities like Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. For example, according to the Report the average years of schooling for Muslim children between the age of 7-16 is much lower than that of other socio-religious communities.

Economic and social marginalization experienced by Muslims has other dimensions as well. Like other minorities, Muslim customs and practices are sometimes quite distinct from what is seen as the mainstream. Some not all – Muslims may wear a burqa, keeping a long beard wear a fez and these become ways to identify the Muslims.

Because of this, they tend to be identified differently and some people think that they are not like the ‘rest of us’. Often this becomes an excused to treat them unfairly, and discriminate against them.

Why Do We Need a Parliament Class 8 Civics Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 3 Why Do We Need a Parliament.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 3 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Why Do We Need a Parliament

Why Do We Need a Parliament Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 3 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
When did India become independent?
Answer:
On 15th August 1947.

Question 2.
Which is the most important symbol of Indian democracy and a key feature of the Constitution?
Answer:
The Parliament is an important symbol and key feature of Indian democracy.

Question 3.
What is Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
It means that all Adult Citizens of the country have the right to vote.

Question 4.
In how many years is the Lok Sabha elected?
Answer:
Once in every 5 years.

Question 5.
How many elected members are there in Lok Sabha?
Answer:
543 elected members.

Question 6.
Who selects ministers to work with him/her to implement decisions?
Answer:
The Prime Minister selects ministers.

Question 7.
Which is the very important way through which the Parliament controls the executive? Answer:
During Question Hour MPs can elicit information about the working of the government.

Question 8.
How are the marginalized given adequate representation?
Answer:
By reserving the seats in the Parliament, the marginalized are given adequate representation.

Question 9.
What does the term coalition means in general?
Answer:
Coalition is a temporary alliance of groups of parties.

Question 10.
How many elected and nominated members are there in Rajya Sabha?
Answer:
There are 233 elected and 12 nominated members in Rajya Sabha.

Question 11.
What does the Parliament enables the citizen of India to?
Answer:
Parliament enables citizens of India to participate in decision making and control the govt.

Question 12.
What is considered as the most important symbol of the Indian democracy?
Answer:
Parliament is the most important symbol of Indian democracy.

Question 13.
Which act was seen as the graye danger during British rule in India?
Answer:
Criticising the British government was a grave danger at that time.

Question 14.
Which act allowed some elected representation?
Answer:
Govt of India Act 1909, allowed for some elected representation.

Question 15.
How can we say that Parliament in our system has immense powers?
Answer:
Parliament in our system has immense powers because it is the representative of the people.

Question 16.
Who together make’s up the Parliament?
Answer:
The MP’s together makes up the Parliament.

Question 17.
What all does the Parliament consists of in India?
Answer:
Parliament consists of the President, Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha in India.

Question 18.
What is the main eligibility for the political party to form the govt.?
Answer:
They must have majority of elected MP’s.

Question 19.
What is one of the most important functions of the Lok Sabha?
Answer:
One of the most important functions of the Lok Sabha is to select the executive.

Question 20.
Define the term Approval.
Answer:
It meant to give one’s consent to and be favorable towards something.

Why Do We Need a Parliament Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 3 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Define the term ‘Approval’ in the context of this chapter and in general.
Answer:
Approval means to give one’s consent to and be favorable towards something. In the context of this chapter, it refers to the formal consent (through elected representatives) that Parliament has as well as the fact that it needs to continue to enjoy the people’s trust.

Question 2.
How are the marginalized group of people get an adequate representation in Parliament and how does Parliament now have more and more people from different backgrounds?
Answer:
The Parliament now has more and more people from different backgrounds. For eg. there are more rural members and also members from many regional parties. Groups and people that were non-unrepresented are beginning to get elected to the Parliament. There has also been an increase in political participation from the Dalit and backward castes and the minorities. It has been observed that representative democracy cannot produce a perfect reflection of society.

There is a realization that when interests and experiences separate us it is important to ensure that communities that have been historically marginalized are given adequate representation. With this mindset, some seats are reserved in the Parliament for SCs and STs. This has been done so that MPs elected from these constituencies will be familiar with and can represent Dalit and Adivasi interests in the Parliament.

Question 3.
Briefly describe the function Rajya Sabha in the working of the Parliament?
Answer:
The Rajya Sabha functions primarily as the representative of the States of India in the Parliament. The Rajya Sabha can also civiliate legislation and a bill is required to pass through the Rajya Sabha in order to become a law. It, therefore has an important role to reviewing and altering (if needed) the laws initiated by the Lok Sabha.

The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assembles of various States. There are 233 elected plus 12 nominated members in Rajya Sabha among them 12 are nominated by the President.

Question 4.
Which is one of the most important functions of the Lok Sabha? Who are the executives?
Answer:
One of the most important functions of the Lok Sabha is to select the executive. The executive is a group of persons who work together to implement the laws made by Parliament. This executive is often what we have in mind when use the term Government.

Question 5.
Who is the Prime Minister in India and what is the prime function of ministers selected by him from his party?
Answer:
The Prime Minister of India is the leader of the ruling party in the Lok Sabha. From the MPs, who belong to his party, the Prime Minister selects ministers to work with him to implement decisions. These ministers take charge of different areas of government functioning like health, education, finance, etc.

Why Do We Need a Parliament Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 3 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
How does the Parliament control, guide and inform the government?
Answer:
The Parliament while in session, begins with a question hour. The question hour is an important mechanism through which MPs can elicit information about the working of the government. This is a very important way through which the Parliament controls the executive.

By asking questions the government is alerted to its shortcomings, and also comes to know the opinion of the people through their representatives in the Parliament i.e. the MPs. Asking questions is a crucial task for every MP.

Opposition parties play a critical role in the healthy functioning of a democracy. They highlight drawbacks in various policies and programmes of the government and mobilise popular support for their own policies. The government gets valuable feedback and is kept on its toes by the questions asked by the MPs.

In addition, in all matters dealing with finances, Parliaments’ approval is crucial for the government. This is one of the several ways in which the Parliament controls, guides, and informs the government.

The MPs are representatives of the people and have a central role in controlling guiding and informing the Parliament and this is a key aspect of the functioning of Indian democracy.

Question 2.
How is the National government selected and how does the Parliament perform this function of selecting the National government?
Answer:
The Parliament in India consists of the President, the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. After the Lok Sabha elections, a list is prepared showing how many MPs belong to each political party. For a political party to form the government, they must have a majority of the elected MPs.

Since there are 543 elected and nominated members in the Lok Sabha, to have a majority a party should have at least half the number, i.e., 272 members or more. The Opposition in Parliament is formed by all the political parties that oppose the majority party/coalition formed. The largest among these parties is called the Opposition party.

One of the most important functions of the Lok Sabha is to select the executive. They are the groups of persons who work together to implement the laws made by the Parliament. The Prime Minister is the leader of the ruling party in the Lok Sabha. From the MPs belonging to his party, the Prime Minister selects ministers to work with and to implement decisions.

The ministers then take up the charge of different areas of government functioning. Often when the single party does not get majority the different parties which are interested in similar concerns join and form a coalition government.

The Rajya Sabha functions primarily as the representative of the states of India in the Parliament. The Rajya Sabha can also initiate legislation and a bill is required to pass through the Rajya Sabha in order to become a law. It, therefore, has an important role of reviewing and altering the laws initiated by the Lok Sabha.

The members of the R.S. are elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of various States. There are 233 elected members plus 12 members nominated by the President.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 Civics Chapter 3 Why Do We Need a Parliament

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:

Question:
1. What does the picture show?
2. Around how much trees were saved after the use of EVM’s in 2004?
Answer:
1. It shows voter reading instructions on how to use an EVM (i.e. Electronic Voting Machine).
2. The use of EVM in 2004 saved around 1,50,000 trees.

1. What does the picture show?
2. Is it that much necessary to carry polling material in such conditions?
Answer:
1. It shows the election staff using an elephant to carry polling material and EVM’s to polling stations located in difficult terrain.
2. Yes.

1. What does the picture show?
2. Which is known as the supreme law-making institution?
3. How many houses are there in the Parliament? Name them.
Answer:
1. The picture shows the Parliament of India (Sansal).
2. The Parliament of India (Sansad) is the supreme law-making institution.
3. It has 2 houses

• The Rajya Sabha
• The Lok Sabha.

Map-Based Questions Class 8 Civics Chapter 3 Why Do We Need a Parliament

Look at the map given below and answer the following Questions

Question 1.
On an outline Map of India shows the following:

1. The state where your currently live and from where your known to had elected there Parliamentary representatives.
2. Represent the state where the prime minister office (PMO) is situated.

Answer:
Delhi

Understanding Secularism Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 8 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Understanding Secularism

Understanding Secularism Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 2 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Which country passed a law banning students from wearing any conspicuous religious or political sign or symbols?
Answer:
France passed this law.

Question 2.
When did the France face a shortage of workers?
Answer:
In the 1960’s France had faced a shortage of worker.

Question 3.
What has been granted by the Indian Constitution for the religious communities regarding institution?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution grants the right to religious communities to set up their own schools and college.

Question 4.
What can be the seen as the government policy of treating all religions equal in regard to government schools?
Answer:
The celebration of religious festival within the school is prohibited.

Question 5.
State any one of the objectives that ensures that Indian Constitution mandates Indian State to be secular.
Answer:
One religious community does not dominate another.

Question 6.
What is secularism in Indian context?
Answer:
India adopted a strategy separating the power of religion and the power of State, which is called secularism.

Question 7.
What does Indian constitutions bans completely?
Answer:
Indian constitution bans untouchability.

Question 8.
What type of strict separation exists in USA?
Answer:
There is a strict separation between religion and state in the USA.

Question 9.
Define Coercion.
Answer:
It means to force someone to do something. It also refers to the force used by a legal authority like state.

Question 10.
What does secularism refers to in this chapter?
Answer:
Secularism refers to the separation of religion from the state.

Question 11.
What is mandatory for Indian state in respect to Indian secularism and its mentioning in the Indian constitution.
Answer:
It is mandatory for the Indian state to be secular.

Question 12.
What restriction are put on the government schools in way to make India a proper secular state?
Answer:
They are restricted to promote any religions either in morning prayer or through religions celebration.

Question 13.
On what type of other strategy does the Indian secularism works.
Answer:
Indian secularism also works on the strategy of non-interference.

Question 14.
Give the best example of exception made by the state for particular religious communities in order to respect the sentiments of all religious and not interfere with religious practices.
Answer:
Example is A Sikh while riding bike can wear Pugri (turban) instead of helmet.

Question 15.
By whom were the Jews persecuted?
Answer:
They were persecuted by Hitler in Germany.

Question 16.
In which year does the France passed the law banning wearing of any conspicious religious or political signs?
Answer:
In 2004

Question 17.
How does the children in government school of USA have to begin their school day?
Answer:
In USA the most children in the government schools have to begin their school day reciting 6 pledge of Allegiance.

Question 18.
Which community is taken or granted exception from wearing helmets in India?
Answer:
Sikh community.

Understanding Secularism Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 2 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How is the Indian State a secular State and what has it actually adopted to prevent religious domination?
Answer:
India is a secular State and it works in various ways to prevent religious domination. The Indian Constitution guarantees Fundamental Rights that are based on the secular principles. Indian Constitution intervened in Hindu religious practices in order to abolish untouchability.

In Indian secularism though the State is not strictly separate from religion and it does maintain a principled distance vis-a-ui religion. This is how religious domination is prevented.

Question 2.
According to Ist amendment of the US Constitution what does it prohibit?
Answer:
The first amendment of the US Constitution prohibits the legislature from making laws “respecting an establishment of religion” or that “prohibit the free exercise of religion”. The meaning of word establishment is that the legislature cannot declare any religion as the official religion nor can they give preference to one religion as the official religion.

Question 3.
How does Indian State prevent the religious dominations by using the strategy of distancing itself from religion?
Answer:
The Indian State works in various ways to prevent domination and one of the way is by using a strategy of distancing itself from religion. The Indian State is not ruled by a religious group and nor does it support any one religion.

In India government spaces like law courts, police stations, government, schools and offices are not suppressed to display or promote any one religion.

Question 4.
What does the examples from the history provides us or shows us?
Answer:
Examples from the history provide us or shows us how there was discrimination, exclusion and persecution on the ground of religion.

Question 5.
What will be the consequences of the time if majority religious groups will have access to state power?
Answer:
If majority religious groups have the access to state power, they misuse their power against other religions. The majority could quite easily prevent minorities from practising their religions, can create tyranny and violate the Fundamental Rights.

Understanding Secularism Class 8 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 2 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
How does the Indian Constitution mandate the Indian State to be secular?
Answer:
The Indian Constitution mandates that the Indian State should be secular. According to the Constitution, only a secular State can realize its objectives to ensure the following:

1. That one religious community does not dominate another.
2. The some members do not dominate other members of the same religious community.
3. That the State does not enforce any particular religion not does it take away the religious freedom of individuals.

Following the Indian Constitution.

1. The Indian State works in various way to prevent the above domination.
2. First it was strategy of distancing itself from religion.
3. Second the Indian secularism works to prevent the domination through a strategy of non-interference.
4. Third way in which Indian secularism works to prevent domination is through a strategy of intervention.

Question 2.
Explain what all had happened in France starting from February 2004 till the expulsion of girls from their school for wearing headscarves?
Answer:
In February 2004, France passed a law banning students from wearing any conspicuous religious or political signs or symbols such as the Islamic headscarf, the Jewish skullcap, or large Christian crosses. This law has encountered a lot of resistance from immigrants who are mainly from the former French colonies of Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco.

In the 1960’s, France had faced a shortage of workers and, therefore, had provided visas for these immigrants to come and work in the country. The daughters of these immigrants often wear headscarves while attending school. However, with the passing of this new law, they have been expelled from their school for wearing headscarves.

Picture Based Questions Class 8 Civics Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:
1. What was the question asked by Rekha from her teacher of the government school?
2. In which area is the above government school is situated?
3. What was the explanation given by sir when he said no for the celebration of festival in government school?
Answer:
1. She asked that “there is a big religious festival next month. We’ve never celebrated it in school can we do it this year”.
2. Seemapur.
3. According to him, government schools cannot give importance to anyone religion private school may do that but govt, schools don’t celebrate any religious festivals in the school premises.

1. Which words does the ‘Pledge of Allegiance’ includes.
2. What does the above picture shows.
Answer:
1. This pledge includes the words “under God”.
2. The picture shows about the students taking the “Pledge of Allegiance’ in a govt, school in the USA