CBSE Class 7

The Delhi Sultans Class 7 History Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 History Chapter 3 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 History Chapter 3 Extra Questions and Answers The Delhi Sultans

The Delhi Sultans Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 3 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
When did Delhi became an important city?
Answer:
Delhi became an important city only in the 12th century.

Question 2.
Under whose regime, Delhi first became the Capital?
Answer:
Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under the Tomara Rajputs.

Question 3.
When did Delhi became an important commercial centre?
Answer:
Under Tomaras and Chauhans Delhi became an important commercial centre.

Question 4.
What do you understand by the word ‘dehliwal’?
Answer:
Making coins by melting was called dehliwal which were in the wide circulation.

Question 5.
When was the Delhi Sultanate founded?
Answer:
In the beginning of the 13th century Delhi Sultanate was founded.

Question 6.
Which language was the administrative language of the Delhi Sultanates?
Answer:
The administrative language of the Delhi Sultanates was Persian.

Question 7.
Who was Raziyya and when did Raziyya become Sultan?
Answer:
Raziyya was daughter of Iltutmish, who was Sultan of Delhi. Raziyya became Sultan of Delhi in 1236.

Question 8.
When was Raziyya removed from the throne?
Answer:
She was removed from the throne in 1240.

Question 9.
Who was Rudramadevi?
Answer:
Rudramadevi was queen of Kakatiya dynasty of Warangal.

Question 10.
Who was Queen Didda?
Answer:
Queen Didda was ruler in Kashmir between 980-1003.

Question 11.
From where did the word Didda derived?
Answer:
The word ‘Didda’ came from “didi” or “elder sister”.

Question 12.
What was captured by army of Sultans?
Answer:
Sultanate army captured elephants, horses and slaves and carried away precious metals.

Question 13.
Name the first mosque built in Delhi and when?
Answer:
Quwwat al-Islam was the first mosque built in Delhi during the last decade of the 12th century.

Question 14.
When was Begumpuri mosque built?
Answer:
Begumpuri mosque was built in the regime of Muhammad Tughluq.

Question 15.
In whose regime, Moth ki Masjid was built?
Answer:
Moth ki Masjid was built in the reign of Sikandar Lodi by his minister.

Question 16.
When was mosque of Jamali Kamali built?
Answer:
Mosque of Jamali Kamali was built in the late 1520.

Question 17.
Who was Ziauddin Bami?
Answer:
Ziauddin Barani (1285-1357) was a Muslim political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate during Muhammad bin Tughluq and Firuz Shah’s reign.

Question 18.
What did Sultan’s administrators do?
Answer:
The Sultan’s administrators measured the land and kept careful accounts.

Question 19.
Who was Ibn Battuta?
Answer:
Ibn Battuta was a traveller from Morocco, Africa who visited India in 14th century.

The Delhi Sultans Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 3 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What was written by Minhaj-i-Siraj about Raziyya Sultan?
Answer:
Minhaj-i-Siraj recognized that she was more able and qualified than all her brothers. But he was not comfortable at having a queen as ruler. Nor were the nobles happy at her attempts to rule independently.

Question 2.
What was the first expansion during the period?
Answer:
In the first expansion, forests were cleared (internal frontier) in the Ganga-Yamuna doab and hunter-gatherers and pastoralists expelled from their habitat. These lands were given to peasants and agriculture was encouraged. New fortresses, garrison towns and towns were established to protect trade routes and to promote regional trade.

Question 3.
What occurred in second expansion of the Sultanate?
Answer:
The second expansion occurred along the “external frontier” of the Sultanate. Military expeditions into southern India were started during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and culminated with Muhammad Tughluq.

Question 4.
What do you understand about ‘bandagan’?
Answer:
The early Delhi Sultans especially Iltutmish favoured their special slaves purchased for military service, called ‘bandagan’ in Persian. They were carefully trained to become most important political offices in the kingdom. They were totally dependent upon their master, the Sultan could trust and rely upon them. The Khaljis and Tughluqs continued to use “bandagan’.

Question 5.
What do you understand about ‘Clients’?
Answer:
Someone who is under the protection of another is called ‘Client’. They were often raised to high political positions. They were appointed as generals and governors.

Question 6.
What was the special recruitment process during the reign of Sultan Muhammad Tughluq?
Answer:
He appointed a wine distiller, a barber, a cook and two gardeners to high administrative posts which was criticized by Barani, who was a Muslim political thinker of the Delhi Sultanate, as a sign of the Sultan’s loss of political judgment and his incapacity to rule.

Question 7.
Why were the accountants appointed by the Sultans?
Answer:
Accountants were appointed by the Sultans to check the amount of revenue collected by the muqtis. Care was taken that the muqti collected only the taxes prescribed by the state and that he kept the required number of soldiers.

Question 8.
Write the types of taxes imposed during Sultanate period.
Answer:
There were three types of taxes:

1. on cultivation called ‘kharaj’ and amounting to about 50% of the peasant’s produce
2. on cattle and
3. on houses.

Question 9.
Who was Genghis Khan?
Answer:
Genghis Khan was a Mongol who attacked on the Delhi Sultanate during the reign of Alauddin Khalji and in the early years of Muhammad Tughluq’s rule.

The Delhi Sultans Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 3 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe about the mosque and its worth in Muslims.
Answer:
A mosque is called a masjid in Arabic. Mosque is a place where Muslims prostrate in reverence to Allah. In a “congregational mosque” (masjid-i-jami or jama masjid) Muslims read their prayers together.

Members of the congregation choose the most respected, learned male as their leader (imam) for the rituals of prayer. He also delivers the sermon (lecture) which is called khutba during the Friday prayer. During prayer, Muslims stand facing Mecca. In India this to the west and is called the ‘qibla’.

Question 2.
What claims were made by the Delhi Sultans regarding building of mosques?
Answer:
The Delhi Sultans built several mosques in cities all over the subcontinent. These demonstrated their claims to be protectors of Islam and Muslims. Mosques also helped to create the sense of a community of believers who shared a belief system and a code of conduct. It was necessary to reinforce this idea of a community because Muslims came from a variety of backgrounds.

Question 3.
Describe words – iqta, iqtadar, muqti.
Answer:
The Khalji and Tughluq monarchs appointed military commanders as governors of territories. Lands were called iqta and their holder was called ‘iqtadar’ or ‘muqti’. The duty of the muqtis was to lead military campaigns and maintain law and order in their iqtas. The muqtis collected the revenues of their assignments as salary. They paid their soldiers from these revenues.

Question 4.
Write a short note on Sher Shah Suri.
Answer:
Sher Shah Suri (1540-1545) started his career as the manager of small territory for his uncle in Bihar and eventually challenged and defeated the Mughal emperor Humayun. Sher Shah captured Delhi and established his own dynasty. Although the Suri dynasty ruled only for 15 years (1540-1555), it introduced an administration that borrowed elements from Alauddin Khalji and made them more efficient. Sher Shah’s administration became the model followed by the great emperor Akbar when he consolidated the Mughal Empire.

Map-Based Questions Class 7 History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans

Question 1.
Show the campaign of Alauddin Khalji’s into south India.
Answer:

Water Class 7 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 5 Water.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography Chapter 5 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 5 Extra Questions and Answers Water

Water Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How are the clouds formed?
Answer:
The sun’s heat causes evaporation of water vapour. When the water vapour cools down, it condenses and forms clouds.

Question 2.
What do you understand about water cycle?
Answer:
The process by which water continually changes its form and circulates between oceans, atmosphere and land is known as the water cycle.

Question 3.
What are the msgor sources of fresh water?
Answer:
The major sources of fresh water are the rivers, ponds, springs and glaciers.

Question 4.
Why are the oceans salty or saline?
Answer:
The water of the ocean is salty or saline because it contains large amount of dissolved salts.

Question 5.
What amount of ocean water is found on the earth?
Answer:
Ocean water is 97.3% of total water available on the earth.

Question 6.
What are the waves?
Answer:
When the water on the surface of the ocean rises and falls alternately, they are called waves.

Question 7.
How are waves formed?
Answer:
Waves are formed when gentle winds scrape across the ocean surface. The stronger the wind blows, the bigger the waves becomes.

Question 8.
What is terrarium?
Answer:
Terrarium is an artificial enclosure for keeping small house plants.

Question 9.
Where is salty water found?
Answer:
Salty water is found in oceans.

Question 10.
What is the reason of ocean water being salty?
Answer:
The ocean water contains large amount of dissolved salt. Thus, the ocean water is salty.

Question 11.
What is salinity?
Answer:
Salinity is the amount of salt in grams present in 1000 grams of water.

Question 12.
What is tide?
Answer:
The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called a tide.

Question 13.
What causes tides?
Answer:
The strong gravitational pull exerted by the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface causes the tides.

Question 14.
How are the high tides formed?
Answer:
The water of the earth closer to the moon gets pulled under the influence of the moon’s gravitational force and causes high tide.

Question 15.
How are high tides useful?
Answer:
High tides are useful because these help in navigation, fishing and also to generate the electricity.

Water Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is tide? Describe high and low tides.
Answer:
The rhythmic rise and fall of ocean water twice in a day is called a tide. When water covers much of the shore by rising to its highest level it is called high tide. It is low tide when water falls to its lowest level and recedes from the shore.

Question 2.
How do the ocean currents influence us?
Answer:
The ocean currents influence us because of influencing the temperature conditions of the area. The areas where the warm and cold currents meet provide the best fishing grounds of the world. Apart from this, where warm and cold currents meet provide foggy weather making navigation difficult.

Question 3.
What is Tsunami? Describe.
Answer:
Tsunami is tidal waves. In the sea storm when the winds blowing at very high speed form huge waves, tsunami is created. An earthquake, a volcanic eruption or underwater landslides can shift large amounts of ocean water. As a result huge tidal waves are formed that may be as high as 15 m.

Question 4.
State the broad categorization of ocean movements.
Answer:
The movements that occur in ocean can be broadly categorized as:

1. waves
2. tides and
3. currents.

Water Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 5 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
How do tides originate?
Answer:
The strong gravitational pull exerted by the sun and the moon on the earth’s surface causes the tides. During the full moon and new moon days, the sun, the moon and the earth are in the same line and the tides are the highest. These tides are called spring tides.

When the moon is in its first and last quarter, the ocean waters get drawn in diagonally opposite direction by the gravitational pull of sun and earth resulting in low tides. These tides are called neap tides.

Question 2.
What are ocean currents? Describe warm and cold currents.
Answer:
Ocean currents are streams of water flowing constantly on the ocean surface in definite directions. The ocean currents may be warm or cold. Generally the warm ocean currents originate near the equator and move towards the poles. The cold currents carry water from polar or higher latitudes to tropical or lower latitudes. The ocean current influences the temperature conditions of the area.

Warm currents bring about warm temperatures over land surface. The areas where the warm and cold currents meet provide the best fishing grounds of world. The areas where a warm and cold current meet also experience foggy weather making it difficult for navigation.

Question 3.
What are Spring and Neap tides? Describe briefly withdrawing.
Answer:
During the full moon and new moon days, the sun, the moon and the earth are in the same line and the tides are the highest. These tides are called spring tides.

When the moon is in its first and last quarter, the ocean waters get drawn in diagonally opposite direction by the gravitational pull of sun and earth resulting in low tides. These tides are called neap tides.

Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Extra Questions and Answers Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 6 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What changes occur when we go to the higher places?
Answer:
As we go higher and higher places, we can see the changes in the landform and natural vegetation.

Question 2.
Which types of plants are found on higher places?
Answer:
On the higher places we find tall trees with thin pointed leaves and cone-shaped canopies which are called coniferous trees on the mountain slopes.

Question 3.
Where are shrubs found?
Answer:
Shrubs are found in the dry regions.

Question 4.
Name the trees found in the Tropical deciduous forests.
Answer:
Sal, teak, neem and shisham.

Question 5.
Where are Savannah grasslands found?
Answer:
Savannah grasslands are found in East Africa.

Question 6.
Name some animals found in polar regions.
Answer:
Polar bear, snow foxes, seal, walruses etc., are animals found in polar regions.

Question 7.
On what does growth of Vegetation depend?
Answer:
The growth of vegetation depends on temperature and moisture. It also depends on factors like slope and thickness of soil.

Question 8.
What is another name of Tropical Evergreen Forest ?
Answer:
Tropical Evergreen Forest is also called tropical rainforests.

Question 9.
Mention the special feature of Tropical Evergreen Forest.
Answer:
These are thick forests occurring in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics.

Question 10.
Where are Tropical Evergreen Forests found?
Answer:
Tropical Evergreen Forests are found in the regions which are hot and receive heavy rainfall throughout the year.

Question 11.
Why are Tropical Evergreen Forests called Evergreen Forest?
Answer:
As there is no particular dry season, the trees do not shed their leaves. This is the reason they are called evergreen.

Question 12.
What is the special feature of Tropical Evergreen Forests?
Answer:
These are dense and do not allow the sunlight even in the day time.

Question 13.
Name some trees of the Tropical Evergreen Forests?
Answer:
In the Tropical Evergreen Forests, are found hardwood trees like rosewood, ebony, mahogany etc.

Question 14.
Which forests are called the monsoon forests?
Answer:
Tropical Deciduous Forests are called the monsoon forests.

Question 15.
Where are Tropical Deciduous Forests found?
Answer:
These are found in the large part of India, northern Australia and in Central America.

Question 16.
Give the special features of Tropical Deciduous Forests?
Answer:
These regions experience seasonal changes. Trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water.

Question 17.
Give the name of trees found in the Tropical Deciduous Forests region?
Answer:
Sal, teak, neem and shisham are trees found in these regions.

Question 18.
Where are Temperate Evergreen Forests located?
Answer:
Temperate Evergreen Forests are located in the mid-latitudinal coastal region. These are found in south-east USA, South China and in south-east Brazil.

Question 19.
Give the name of trees found in Temperate Evergreen Forests region?
Answer:
They comprise both hard and soft wood trees like oak, pine, eucalyptus etc .

Question 20.
Where are Temperate Deciduous Forests situated?
Answer:
Temperate Deciduous Forests are found in the north-eastern part of USA, China, New Zealand, Chile and also found in the coastal regions of Western Europe. These are found towards higher latitudes.

Question 21.
Name the trees, animals and birds found in Temperate Deciduous Forests region.
Answer:
The common trees are oak, ash, beech, etc. Deer, foxes, wolves are the animals commonly found. Birds like pheasants, monals are also found here.

Question 22.
Where are Mediterranean vegetation found?
Answer:
The west and south-west margins of the continents have Mediterranean vegetation. It is mostly found in the areas around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. These regions are marked for hot dry summers and mild rainy winters.

Question 23.
Name the fruits found in Mediterranean vegetation.
Answer:
Citrus fruits such as oranges, figs, olives and grapes are commonly cultivated.

Question 24.
Where are Coniferous Forests found?
Answer:
Coniferous Forests are found in the higher latitudes of Northern hemisphere. These are also called as Taiga.

Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 6 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Name types of natural vegetation classified into broader categories.
Answer:
Natural vegetation is generally classified into three broad categories:

1. Forests
2. Grasslands
3. Shurbs.

Question 2.
What are Tropical Deciduous Forests?
Answer:
Tropical Deciduous Forests are the monsoon forests that are found in the large part of India, northern Australia and in Central America. These regions experience seasonal changes. Trees shed their leaves in the dry season to conserve water. Sal, teak, neem and shisham are trees found in these regions.

Question 3.
Briefly describe about the Temperate Evergreen Forests?
Answer:
Temperate Evergreen Forests are located in the mid-latitudinal coastal region. These are found in south-east USA, South China and in South-east Brazil. They comprise both hard and soft wood trees like oak, pine, eucalyptus etc.

Question 4.
Where are Temperate Deciduous Forests found? Briefly describe.
Answer:
Temperate Deciduous Forests are found in the north-eastern part of USA, China, New Zealand, Chile and also found in the coastal regions of Western Europe. These are found towards higher latitudes.

The trees shed their leaves in the dry season. The common trees are oak, ash, beech, etc. Deer, foxes, wolves are the animals commonly found. Birds like pheasants, monals are also found here.

Question 5.
Where is Mediterranean vegetation found? Name the fruits found in this region.
Answer:
The west and south west margins of the continent have Mediterranean vegetation. It is mostly found in the areas around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. These regions are marked for hot dry summers and mild rainy winters. Citrus fruits such as oranges, figs, olives and grapes are com¬monly cultivated here.

Question 6.
Mention the major features of Coniferous Forests.
Answer:
Coniferous Forests are found in the higher latitudes of northern hemisphere. These are also called as Taiga. The trees found here are tall, softwood evergreen trees. Silver fox, mink, polar bear are the common animals found here.

Question 7.
Name different types of forests.
Answer:
Different types of forests are:

1. Tropical evergreen
2. Tropic deciduous
3. Temperate evergreen
4. Temperate deciduous
5. Mediterranean vegetation
6. Coniferous forests

Question 8.
Name different types of Grasslands.
Answer:
Different types of grasslands are:
(i) Tropical grasslands
(ii) Temperate grasslands
(iii) Throny bushes

Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 6 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Write a short note on Tropical Evergreen Forests.
Answer:
Tropical Evergreen Forest is also called tropical rainforests. These are thick forests which occur in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics.

Tropical Evergreen Forests are found in the regions which are hot and receive heavy rainfall throughout the year. As there is no particular dry season, the trees do not shed its leaves. This is the reason they are called evergreen. These are dense and do not allow the sunlight even in the day time. Hardwood trees like rosewood, ebony, mahogany are common here.

Question 2.
Describe different types of grasslands.
Answer:
(i) Tropical grasslands: These occur on either side of the equator and extend till the tropics. This vegetation grows in the areas of moderate to low amount of rainfall. The grass can grow very tall, about 3 to 4 metres in height. Savannah grasslands of Africa are of this type. Elephants, zebras, giraffes, deers, leopards are common in tropical grasslands.

(ii) Temperate grasslands: These are found in the mid-latitudinal zones and in the interior part of the continents. Wild buffaloes, bisons, antelopes are common in the temperate region.

(iii) Thorny bushes: These are found in the dry desert-like regions. These are located on the western margins of the continents.

Question 3.
Distinguish between Tropical Evergreen Forests and Tropical Deciduous Forests.
Answer:
table

Picture Based Questions Class 7 Geography Chapter 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life

1. Identify the pictures given below:

Answer:

1. Thorny shrubs
2. Tropical Evergreen Forest
3. Tropical Deciduous Forest
4. A Temperate Evergreen Forest
5. Temperate Deciduous
6. Mediterranean Vegetation
7. Coniferous Forests.

Life in the Deserts Class 7 Geography Chapter 10 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 10 Life in the Deserts.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography Chapter 10 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 10 Extra Questions and Answers Life in the Deserts

Life in the Deserts Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 10 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Which is the essential component for habitation?
Answer:
Water is an essential component of life. It is very difficult to live on the places where there is no water.

Question 2.
Name the world’s largest desert.
Answer:
Sahara is the world’s largest desert.

Question 3.
Where is Sahara desert located?
Answer:
Sahara desert covers a large part of North Africa.

Question 4.
What area is covered by the Sahara desert?
Answer:
It has an area of around 8.54 million s km.

Question 5.
How many countries are touched by the Sahara desert? Mention there names.
Answer:
The Sahara desert touches 11 countries. These are Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia and Western Sahara.

Question 6.
Name the vegetation found in the Sahara desert.
Answer:
Cactus, date palms and acacia etc., are vegetation found in the Sahara desert. In some places there are oasis-green islands with date palms surrounding them.

Question 7.
Name the animals found in the Sahara desert.
Answer:
Camels, hyenas, jackals, foxes, scorpions, many varieties of snakes and lizards are the prominent animal species living there.

Question 8.
Name the nomadic tribes living in the Sahara desert.
Answer:
The Bedounis and Tuaregs are nomadic tribes live in the Sahara desert.

Question 9.
Name the places where settled population is found.
Answer:
The oasis in the Sahara and the Nile Valley in Egypt supports settled population.

Question 10.
What is grown by the people of Sahara desert?
Answer:
The people grow date palms, rice, wheat, barley and beans and Egyptian cotton which is famous worldwide.

Question 11.
Name the minerals found in the Sahara desert.
Answer:
In the Sahara desert oil, iron, phosphorus, manganese and uranium are found.

Question 12.
Name the capital of Ladakh.
Answer:
Leh is the capital of Ladakh.

Life in the Deserts Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 10 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Which areas are called desert?
Answer:
Some places are very hot as fire while some are very cold as ice. These are the desert areas of the world. Depending on the temperatures, these may be hot desert or cold deserts.

Question 2.
What is found besides the vast stretches of sands in the Sahara desert?
Answer:
Besides the vast stretches of sands, there are also gravel plains and elevated plateaus with bare rocky surface. These rocky surfaces may be more than 2500m high at some places.

Question 3.
Describe the climate of the Sahara desert.
Answer:
The climate of the Sahara desert is scorching hot and parch dry. It has a short rainy season. Days are unbelievable hot, it may be as high as 50°C while nights may be freezing cold with temperatures nearing 0°C.

Life in the Deserts Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 10 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Write a short note on Sahara desert.
Answer:
Sahara is the world’s largest desert. Sahara desert covers a large part of North Africa. It has an area of around 8.54 million s km. The Sahara desert touches 11 countries. These are Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia and Western Sahara. Besides the vast stretches of sands, there are also gravel plains and elevated plateaus with bare rocky surface. These rocky surfaces may be more than 2500 m high at some places.

The climate of the Sahara desert is scorching hot and parch dry. It has a short rainy season. Days are unbelievable hot, it may be as high as 50°C while nights may be freezing cold with temperatures nearing 0°C. Cactus, date palms and acacia etc., are vegetation found in the Sahara desert.

In some places there are oasis-green islands with date palms surrounding them. Camels, hyenas, jackals, foxes, scorpions, many varieties of snakes and lizards are the prominent animal species living there.

Question 2.
Write a short note on cold desert of Ladakh.
Answer:
Ladakh is a cold desert lying in the Great Himalayas, on the eastern side of Jammu and Kashmir. The Karakoram Range in the north and the Zanskar mountains in the south enclose it. River Indus and Gangri glacier are found in Ladakh.

The altitude (height) in Ladakh varies from about 3000 m in Kargil to more than 8,000 m in the Karakoram. Due to its high altitude, the climate is extremely cold and dry. The day temperatures in summer are just above 0°C and the night temperatures well below -30°C. There is little rainfall, as low as 10 cm every year.

Question 3.
Describe about the vegetation and animals found in Ladakh.
Answer:
Due to high aridity in Ladakh, the vegetation is sparse. There are scanty patches of grasses and shrubs for animals to graze. Groves of willows and poplars are seen in the valleys. Fruit trees such as apples, apricots and walnuts are found during the summers. Robins, redstarts, Tibetan snow-cock, raven and hoopoe are found commonly.

The animals of Ladakh are wild goats, wild sheep, yak and special kinds of dogs. Yak’s milk is used to make cheese and butter. The hair of the sheep and goat is used to make woolens. In the summer season the people are busy cultivating barley, potatoes, peas, beans and turnip.

Picture Based Questions Class 7 Geography Chapter 10 Life in the Deserts

Question 1.
On an outline map of India, show Ladakh desert.
Answer:

A Shirt in the Market Class 7 Civics Chapter 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 8 A Shirt in the Market.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Civics Chapter 8 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 Civics Chapter 8 Extra Questions and Answers A Shirt in the Market

A Shirt in the Market Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 8 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Who was Swapna?
Answer:
Swapna was a small farmer in Kumool, Andhra Pradesh who grows cotton on her small piece of land. She supplied cotton to the trader.

Question 2.
Why did Swapna take loan from the local trader?
Answer:
Swapna took loan from the local trader for seeds, fertilizers and pesticides.

Question 3.
How much time is consumed in growing cotton?
Answer:
It takes four months to grow the cotton.

Question 4.
What inputs are required in cultivation of cotton?
Answer:
Cultivation of cotton requires high levels of inputs as fertilizers and pesticides and the farmers have to incur heavy expenses on account of these.

Question 5.
Why do traders pay cotton growers a low price?
Answer:
Cotton growers take loans from traders for growing the cotton. They have to sell the finished material to such traders. Therefore, traders pay cotton growers a low price.

Question 6.
Describe about Erode’s bi-weekly cloth market.
Answer:
Erode’s bi-weekly cloth market in Tamil Nadu is one of the largest cloth markets in the world. A large variety of cloth is sold in this market. Clothes are made by weavers in the villages around and also brought here for sale.

Question 7.
In what respects is the cotton trader a powerful man in the village?
Answer:
Traders supply loan to peasants and take all the cotton for further sale.

Question 8.
What does a merchant do with the prepared cloth?
Answer:
At the cloth market, the merchants sell the cloth to the garment factories. In this way, the market works more in favour of the merchants.

Question 9.
What are the items produced in the looms?
Answer:
A variety of sarees, towels, shirts, ladies dress material and bed-sheets are produced in these looms.

Question 10.
What is a ginning mill?
Answer:
It is a factory where seeds are removed from cotton bolls. The cotton is pressed into bales to be sent for spinning into thread.

Question 11.
Who is an exporter?
Answer:
A person who sells goods abroad is an exporter.

A Shirt in the Market Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 8 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How do the merchants prepare clothes?
Answer:
Weavers bring cloth that has been made on order from the merchant. These merchants supply cloth on order to garment manufacturers and exporters around country. They purchase the yam and give instructions to the weavers about the kind of cloth that is to be made. Weavers get the yam from the merchants and supply them the cloth.

Question 2.
What are the advantages to the weavers when they work with merchants?
Answer:
This arrangement has two advantages. The weavers do not have to spend their money on purchase of yam. Secondly, the weavers know from the outset what cloth they should make and how much of it is to be woven.

Question 3.
How are the weavers in the grip of the local trader?
Answer:
Weavers are required to invest a lot of money to buy looms. The weavers invest their savings or borrow money at high-interest rates. One loom cost is around 20,000/- and they require atleast two looms. These looms cannot be operated alone and hence their family members work together. They earn about 3,500/¬per month. Thus the weavers are always in the grip of the local trader.

Question 4.
What do you understand about putting-out system?
Answer:
In the putting-out system the merchant supplies the raw material and receives the finished product. It is prevalent in the weaving industry in most regions of India. Weavers are paid very little by the merchant under the putting-out system.

Question 5.
Describe in brief the status of workers working in factory?
Answer:
In the garment factory many workers work. Most of these workers are employed on a temporary basis. Whenever, the employer feels that a worker is not needed, the worker can be asked to leave. Workers’ wages are fixed according to their skills. In most of the cases women are employed as helpers for thread cutting, buttoning, ironing and packaging. These jobs have the lowest wages.

A Shirt in the Market Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 8 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe the role of weaver’s cooperatives to reduce the dependence on the merchant.
Answer:
Weaver’s cooperatives are one way to reduce the dependence on the merchant and to earn a higher income for the weavers. In a cooperative, people with common interests come together and work for their mutual benefit.

In a weaver’s cooperative, the weavers form a group and take up certain activities collectively. They produce yarn from the yam dealer and distribute it among the weavers. The cooperative also does the marketing. So, the role of the merchant is reduced, and weavers get a fair price on the cloth.