CBSE Class 7

Air Class 7 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 4 Air.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography Chapter 4 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 4 Extra Questions and Answers Air

Air Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How is good atmosphere essential for the living being?
Answer:
All living beings depend on the atmosphere, use the air for breathing and it also protects us from the harmful effects of the sun’s rays.

Question 2.
How is ail’ useful?
Answer:
Air makes the temperature on the earth livable. Without this, during the day time we feel heat and get frozen during night.

Question 3.
Name the constituents found in air?
Answer:
The constituents of air are nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide etc. Apart from these gases, tiny dust particles are also present in the air.

Question 4.
What is the percentage of nitrogen found in the air?
Answer:
Nitrogen is the most plentiful gas found in the air. It is about 78%.

Question 5.
What is the percentage of Oxygen, Argon and Carbon dioxide in air?
Answer:
In the air oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide are 21%, 0.93% and 0.03% respectively.

Question 6.
How is nitrogen taken by the plants?
Answer:
Plants need nitrogen for their survival. They cannot take nitrogen directly from the air. Bacteria that live in the soil and roots of some plant take nitrogen from the air and change its form so that plants can use it.

Question 7.
How is Oxygen produced which is taken by human and animals to breathe?
Answer:
Oxygen that is taken by human and animals to breathe is produced by plants during photosynthesis.

Question 8.
Which atmospheric layer has very thin air and light gases?
Answer:
Exosphere layer has very thin air and light gases like helium and hydrogen float into the space from here.

Question 9.
What is global warming?
Answer:
When greenhouse gas level increases due to factory and industry’s smoke or vehicles fumes, the heat retained increases the temperature of the earth. This is called global warming.

Question 10.
What is temperature?
Answer:
The degree of hotness and coldness of the air is called temperature.

Question 11.
What is humidity?
Answer:
Moisture in the air at any place or time is called humidity.

Question 12.
What is wind?
Answer:
The movement of air from high pressure area to low pressure area is called wind.

Question 13.
What part of solar energy received by the earth?
Answer:
Only 1 part of 210 or 1 part in 2,000,000,000

Question 14.
What is the use of Thermometer?
Answer:
Thermometer is used for measuring the temperature.

Question 15.
What is the use of Barometer?
Answer:
Atmospheric pressure is measured by Barometer.

Question 16.
Name the instrument which is used for measuring rainfall.
Answer:
Rain Gauge.

Question 17.
How are the winds named?
Answer:
A wind is named after the direction from which it blows, e.g., the wind blowing from the west is called westerly.

Question 18.
Who invented measuring unit of temperature as degree Celsius?
Answer:
It was invented by Anders Celsius.

Air Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How can the level of oxygen remain constant in the atmosphere?
Answer:
Oxygen which is available in the atmosphere is generated by the plants through its photosynthesis process. Green plants use carbon dioxide to make their food and release oxygen.

The amount of carbon dioxide released by humans or animals seems to be equal to the amount used by the plants which make a perfect balance. Hence, only plants play an important role to make the balance of oxygen in the atmosphere. If we cut trees, then this balance gets disturbed.

Question 2.
How is balance of gases disrupted in the atmosphere?
Answer:
There are many reasons which affect our atmosphere negatively. The balance of atmosphere needs to be balance of gases which are released by human beings. Due to the industrialization use of coal, fuel etc., is raising day by day.

Apart from this, burning of the fields, forests, wood, leaves etc., heat and smoke affect the atmosphere. All these releases gases on our atmosphere is disrupted and as a result imbalance of atmospheric gases is increasing day by day and living beings are facing man-made diseases.

Question 3.
Name the five layers of atmosphere.
Answer:
Starting from the earth’s surface, five layers of atmosphere are:

1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere
5. Exosphere

Question 4.
What is insolation? What are its effect?
Answer:
An important factor that influences the distribution of temperature is insolation. The amount of insolation decreases from the equator towards the poles. Therefore, the temperature decreases in the same manner.

Question 5.
Why do the astronauts wear special protective space suits?
Answer:
On the moon, there is no air and hence no air pressure. Astronauts have to wear special protective space suits filled with air when they go to the moon. If they do not wear these space suits, the counter-pressure exerted by the body of the astronauts would make the blood vessels burst. The astronauts would bleed.

Air Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 4 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe the composition of the atmosphere.
Answer:
The composition of gases in the atmosphere can be classified as Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (0.93%), Carbon dioxide (0.03%) and water vapor (0.1%). In the atmosphere, nitrogen and oxygen are found in plentiful ratio. Carbon dioxide, helium, ozone, argon and hydrogen are found in lesser quantities.

Apart from these gases, tiny dust particles are also present in the air. Nitrogen is the most plentiful gas in the air. When we inhale, we take some amount of nitrogen into our lungs and exhale it. Composition of the atmosphere can be understood from the following pie chart.

Question 2.
Describe the structure of the atmosphere.
Answer:
The whole atmosphere is divided into five layers. These include:
(i) Troposphere: This layer is most important layer of the atmosphere. Its average height is 13 km. The air we breathe exists here. Almost all the weather phenomena like rainfall, food and hailstorm occur in this layer.

(ii) Stratosphere: Above the troposphere lies the stratosphere. It extends up to a height of 50km. This layer is almost free from clouds and weather phenomena. This is most ideal for flying aeroplanes. It contains a layer of ozone gas.

(iii) Mesosphere: This is the third layer of the atmosphere. It extends upto the height of 80 km.

(iv) Thermosphere: Temperature rises very rapidly with increasing height. Ionosphere is a part of this layer. It extends between 80-400 km. This layer helps in radio transmission.

(v) Exosphere: It is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere. This layer has very thin air, light gases like helium and hydrogen float into the space from here.

Question 3.
What are the effects of global warming?
Answer:
The effects of global warming can be summarized as under:

(i) Due to the global warming, snow and ice begin to melt and thus sea level rises. Therefore, floods occur in the coastal areas. With the increase in the global warming, the water in the ocean warms up and it heats up the surrounding air, creating hurricanes and sea storms.

(ii) Due to the global warming, changes occurred in weather patterns and this affected as a serious public health. With the increase in the rainfall, waterborne diseases are likely to spread.

(iii) Due to the global warming, many places may face conditions of droughts. As a result food shortage may occur.

(iv) Due to the global warming, as more carbon dioxide is trapped in the atmosphere, breathable air becomes harder to come by. Thus, global warming may cause respiratory diseases.

(v) Due to the global warming, wild animals’ life may be in danger.

(vi) Due to the global warming, supply of freshwater may be disrupted.

Picture Based Questions Class 7 Geography Chapter 4 Air

Question 1.
Draw the structure of atmosphere.
Answer:

Question 2.
Draw major pressure belts and wind system
Answer:

Role of the Government in Health Class 7 Civics Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Civics Chapter 2 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 Civics Chapter 2 Extra Questions and Answers Role of the Government in Health

Role of the Government in Health Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 2 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What do the people expect from the government?
Answer:
In a democracy people expect the government to work for their welfare.

Question 2.
What are the factors that affect the health?
Answer:
Factors that affect our health are-clean drinking water, pollution-free environment, and cleanliness around us.

Question 3.
Name the categories of healthcare.
Answer:
Various health care facilities can be divided into two categories-

• Public health services and
• Private health facilities.

Question 4.
Where are RMPs found?
Answer:
Registered Medical Practitioners (RMPs) are found mainly in the rural areas.

Question 5.
What are communicable diseases?
Answer:
These are diseases that are spread from one person to another in many ways such as through water, food, air etc.

Question 6.
What do you understand about ‘medical tourists’?
Answer:
Patients who visit the other country for the purpose of medical treatment are called medical tourists.

Question 7.
What does OPD mean?
Answer:
OPD stands for ‘Out Patient Department’. At this place, the people are first brought in and treated in a hospital without being admitted to any special ward.

Question 8.
Name some of the water-borne diseases.
Answer:
Waterborne diseases are-diarrhea, worms, hepatitis etc.

Question 9.
What do we need to prevent and treat illnesses?
Answer:
To prevent and treat illnesses we need appropriate healthcare facilities such as hospitals at nearby and approachable place, ambulances, doctors, medicines and laboratories etc.

Question 10.
Why was Hakim Sheik admitted?
Answer:
He had fallen off a running train and suffered serious head injuries.

Question 11.
Who all can approach for private healthcare services?
Answer:
Private healthcare services are very expensive and hence only rich person can utilize private healthcare services.

Question 12.
Name the facilities in short provided by the private healthcare services.
Answer:
No doubt private healthcare services are very expensive, however, they provided very fast and prompt services such as doctors, emergency services, medicines, good nursing facilities, good food facilities for patients etc.

Question 13.
Why are services of public healthcare not considered well?
Answer:
The services of public healthcare are not considered well because of various reasons such as availability of doctors only at a specific time, non-availability of emergency services, inadequacy of medicines etc.

Role of the Government in Health Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 2 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What do you understand about Public Health Service? Describe in brief.
Answer:
Public health services are run by governments both in urban and rural areas. The government has established these hospitals and health centres in order to provide health care to all citizens. These hospitals provide health care services either free or at a low cost, so that even the poor can seek treatment.

Question 2.
Write a short note on the medical facilities in India.
Answer:
India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world and among one of the largest producer of doctors. In the year 1950 India has only 2,217 hospitals while in the year 2000 there were 18,218 hospitals in India. India gets a large number of medical tourists from many countries.

It means in India we have the best hospitals in the world. India is the fourth largest producer of medicines in the world and is also a large exporter of medicines.

Question 3.
Briefly describe about overall healthcare services in India.
Answer:
Adequate healthcare is not available to all in the country. About 80% of the population cannot afford all the medicines, it means only 20% people are capable to afford the cost of medical facilities. The poor people are totally dependent on the public or government health care services.

The health care situation of most people in our country is not good for the poor and the disadvantaged citizens.

Question 4.
Which State government had made efforts very first time for vast public services?
Answer:
First of all in 1996, the Kerala Govt, provisioned 40% of the entire budget for panchayats to provide various facilities for the rural people. In the field of drinking water, food, women development, education and health etc., the State Govt, of Kerala made many efforts.

Question 5.
Examine the Costa Rican approach to healthcare.
Answer:
The Costa Rican is considered to be one of the healthiest countries in South America. The government reduced the expenses on the army and this amount was spent on health, education and other basic needs of the people.

The Costa Rican government provides safe drinking water, sanitation, nutrition and housing. Health education is also considered very important and knowledge about health is an essential part of education at all level.

Question 6.
Name the facilities provided by the private healthcare services.
Answer:
No doubt private healthcare services are very expensive however, they provide very fast and prompt services. They provide every time availability of doctors; immediate emergency services; operation facilities at a time; ventilator, oxygen, medicines available at each time; Good nursing facilities; neat and clean hospitals; good food facilities for patients etc.

Role of the Government in Health Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 2 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
What are the challenges faced in the field of health care? Describe briefly.
Answer:
Even though India has the largest number of medical colleges, doctors, hospitals and as a high producer of medicines there are many adverse situations in the country in this regard. The number of doctors with respect to population is much less in rural areas. About five lakh people die from tuberculosis every year, almost two million cases of malaria are reported every year.

Unavailability of drinking water to all and water borne diseases such as diarrhoea, worms, hepatitis etc., are found. About half of all children in India are undernourished.

Question 2.
Briefly describe about private health facilities.
Answer:
The health care services provided by the doctors from their own resources are called private health facilities. In other words, private health facilities are not owned or controlled by the government. There are many hospitals, nursing homes; laboratories etc., are being run by the private health provider.

There are large companies that run hospitals and some are engaged in manufacturing and selling medicines. A wide range of private health facilities exists in our country. A large number of doctors run their own private clinics.

Question 3.
How is public health service provided?
Answer:
Our Central and State governments both provided public health service to its people by establishing a chain of hospitals. Governments made plan, policy and allocated budget for this purposes. Doctors are made through many medical colleges. Primary health center at block level and District hospitals at district level have been established.

In many villages, dispensaries have also been established for the rural public. Aanganwadi and village health workers are appointed at village level. Thus, our government is providing health services to the public.

Question 4.
What is public healthcare service?
Answer:
Public healthcare service is the responsibility of every government. ‘Right to life’ is a fundamental right and is directly associated with the healthcare services. Each and every person irrespective of their social or economic background have right to get healthcare services.

Government also take necessary action to prevent the diseases like TB, diarrhea, malaria, jaundice, cholera, chikungunya, dengue etc. For this purpose, government established infrastructure and manpower, so that every person could get medical facility.

Question 5.
Why are the taxes paid to the governments?
Answer:
Government uses tax money for providing many public services for the benefit of all citizens. Some services such as defense, police, judicial system, highway, roads, drinking water, electricity, education, training programs, healthcare, etc., benefit all citizens. Tax money is also utilized for relief and rehabilitation in case of natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes, tsunami etc.

Apart from this, Space, nuclear, and missile programmes are also funded from the revenues collected as taxes. From the taxes, government runs many programmes for upliftment of poor and marginalized people.

Markets Around Us Class 7 Civics Chapter 7 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 7 Markets Around Us.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Civics Chapter 7 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Markets Around Us Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 7 Very Short Answers Type

Markets Around Us Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 7 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is product?
Answer:
It refers to goods or service that has been made for being sold in the market.

Question 2.
What is advertising?
Answer:
Advertising is means of publicity of product through various means.

Question 3.
What do advertisements do?
Answer:
Advertisements draw our attention to various products and describe them positively so that we become interested in buying them.

Question 4.
What impressions does advertising create on us?
Answer:
It creates the impression that the advertised item is better than others.

Question 5.
What is branding ?
Answer:
Branding means stamping a product with a particular name or sign.

Question 6.
What is brand?
Answer:
This refer to a special identification of name that is associated with a product.

Question 7.
What is brand value?
Answer:
Brand value of a product is made from its quality. Values like treating our guests well and making sure our children get nutritious food are used by brands to create brand values.

Question 8.
How is branding useful?
Answer:
The branding is useful because it differentiates one product from another product in the market. Gradually, a brand becomes identity of product.

Question 9.
Name the food items which are sold in loose.
Answer:
Pulses, wheat, rice etc., are also sold loose in the market.

Question 10.
What is lifestyle?
Answer:
Lifestyle is associated with whole living of a person particularly his food habits, clothes, living place etc.

Question 11.
How are the brand values of ‘Top Taste Daal’ and ‘Best Taste Daal’ conveyed?
Answer:
The brand values of‘Top Taste Daal’ and ‘Best Taste Daal’ are conveyed through the use of visuals and words to give us an overall image that appeals to us.

Question 12.
What do advertisements convince us?
Answer:
Advertisements convince us that their products are better than the others.

Question 13.
What are used by the company to create a brand value?
Answer:
The company uses visuals and images to create a brand value for their products.

Question 14.
Who makes the advertisements?
Answer:
Advertisements are made by the advertising agencies. With the help of target group of buyers and means of advertisement, agency designs and finalizes it.

Question 15.
Why do advertisements make the product costly?
Answer:
In the advertisement, a lot of money is spent by the company. Producing and showing advertisements repeatedly in the media and packaging of a brand product make it costly.

Markets Around Us Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 7 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What do you understand about social advertisements?
Answer:
Social advertisements are made by the governments or NGOs or by the other non-profitable organizations. Social advertisements are not for the purposes of selling their products or services but for the information of general public so that they could get the profit of government schemes or may be prevented them from any miss-happening.

Question 2.
What brand values are used by the two daal companies-‘Top Taste Daal’ and ‘Best Taste Daar?
Answer:
Both ‘Top Taste Daal’ and ‘Best Taste Daal’ companies are focussing on different aspects. ‘Top Taste Daal’ is appealing to our social tradition of treating guests extremely well. ‘Best Taste Daal’ is appealing to our children’s health and that they eat things that are good for them. Values such as treating our guests well and making sure our children get nutritious food are used by brands to create brand values.

Question 3.
How did the word ‘branding’ emerge?
Answer:
Branding actually came from cattle grazing. Cattle of different owners grazed together in ranches and they often got mixed up. The owners thought of a solution. They started marking their cattle with the owner’s sign by using a heated iron. This was called ‘branding’.

Question 4.
How do the advertisements affect the society?
Answer:
Advertisements can affect the society in the following ways:

1. It helps making a reputed brand name;
2. It provides a range of products;
3. We get to know about the products.
4. It helps to select good and cheap items comparatively.

Question 5.
Why are social values used by the companies?
Answer:
Social values are used amply by the advertising companies because social values reflect that a person or his family’s social nature. Social values include a great respect of guests, much more affection for children; great care of family members etc. The product manufacturing companies take it as a positive factor for selling the product and thus, use such quotes or slogans which affect the motions and appeal to purchase the product.

Question 6.
Name the various means of advertising.
Answer:
Advertising plays a crucial role in trying to convince us to buy the product that are advertised through various means such as radio, television, newspapers, magazines, periodicals, hoarding, banners etc. Now-a-days website also display various advertisements.

Question 7.
Describe the role of packaging in the products selling.
Answer:
Companies link their products with the beautiful packaging. A good and attractive packaging plays a great role in selling the product. It makes a good image of product and buyers estimate it as a product of good quality. A good packaging increases the sale and company becomes able to earn more.

Question 8.
Why do the companies repeatedly show advertisement of product?
Answer:
Companies repeatedly show the advertisement to have it stick in people’s mind. In this way, good image and awareness about the product are made in the mind of prospective buyers and they may prefer to purchase it. Secondly, advertisement also makes us believe that things that are packaged and have a brand name are far better than things that do not come in packets.

Markets Around Us Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 7 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Why do you think the manufacturers of the soap and the daal gave their products a specific name?
Answer:
Pulses are usually sold loose in the market. There are different types of pulses such as masoor ki daal, urad ki daal etc. These names are not brand names. When a company takes pulses and puts it into a packet, it will need to give them a special name.

These names are brands. Similarly, in the case of the soap, there are many soaps in the market today. These are sold with their brand names such as Lifebuoy, Rin, Santoor, Nirma bar and so on. Ultimate aim is to get profit through selling their products and services.

Question 2.
How can you differentiate between commercial and social advertisement?
Answer:
Differentiate between commercial and social advertisement can be done as under:

Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region.

You can also practice NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 Questions and Answers on LearnInsta.com.

Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 Extra Questions and Answers Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region

Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 8 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How does the people look different in different parts of the world?
Answer:
All the people living in different parts of the world also look different. Their food habits, clothes and habitation pattern are also different.

Question 2.
From where does the Amazon Flow?
Answer:
The river Amazon flows through tropical region which lies very close to the equator; between 10°N and 10°S. So, it is referred to as the equatorial region.

Question 3.
Why is the river Amazon referred to as the equatorial region?
Answer:
The river Amazon flows very close to the equator. So, it is referred to as the equatorial region.

Question 4.
How is the Amazon basin formed?
Answer:
Numerous tributaries join the Amazon River to form the Amazon basin.

Question 5.
Name the cities which are closely associated with Amazon basin.
Answer:
The river basin drains portions of Brazil, parts of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Columbia and a small part of Venezuela.

Question 6.
Why are the forests thick and dense in the region?
Answer:
In the Amazon basin due to the heavy rainfall, forests are thick and dense.

Question 7.
Why does sunlight not reach to the earth in these forests?
Answer:
These forests are very thick and dense. The leaves of trees make a ‘roof on the upper side of the forests which do not allow the sunlight to reach the ground.

Question 8.
Name the plants which grow as plant parasites in the region of Amazon basin.
Answer:
Orchids, bromeliads grow as plant parasites.

Question 9.
Name the fruits grown in Amazon basin.
Answer:
They mainly grow tapioca, pineapple and sweet potato.

Question 10.
What do you understand about ‘cassava’:
Answer:
Around the Amazon basin the staple food is manioc which is also known as cassava that grows under the ground like the potato.

Question 11.
What do you understand about’ Maloca’?
Answer:
In the Amazon basin large houses made of wood is called ‘Maloca’ with a steeply slanting roof.

Question 12.
What is called ‘Maloca’?
Answer:
Large houses made of wood are called ‘Maloca’ with a steeply slanting roof.

Question 13.
What has become an excessive threat for fish ‘Susu’?
Answer:
The untreated industrial and urban wastes with high amount of chemicals are killing this species of fish.

Question 14.
Why are the rivers polluted?
Answer:
Many cities are located along the various rivers. The rivers are being polluted by the untreated wastage of cities and industries.

Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 8 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
Briefly describe about the climate of the Amazon basin.
Answer:
The Amazon basin stretches directly on the equator and is characterized by hot and wet climate through-out the year. Both day and nights are almost equally hot and humid. It rains almost every day. The day temperature is high and in night the temperature goes down. In the day and night humidity remains high.

Question 2.
Describe about the livelihood of the people living around the Amazon basin.
Answer:
People of the rainforests are mostly depending on the hunting and fishing. They also clear some forest area and grow the crops. They mainly grow tapioca, pineapple and sweet potato. Cash crops like coffee, maize and coca are also grown. The staple food is manioc, also known as cassava that grows under the ground like the potato. They also eat queen ants and egg sacs.

Question 3.
What are the main features of Ganga and Brahmaputra basin?
Answer:
The plains of the Ganga and the Brahmaputra, the mountains and the foothills of the Himalayas and the Sundarbans delta are the main features of Ganga and Brahmaputra basin. The area is dominated by monsoon climate. The monsoon brings rains from mid-June to mid-September. The summers are hot and the winters cool.

Question 4.
Describe about the wildlife in the Ganga and the Brahmaputra basin.
Answer:
In the Ganga and the Brahmaputra basin, there is a variety of wildlife. Elephants, tigers, deers and monkeys are common. The one-horned rhinoceros is found in the Brahmaputra plain. In the delta area, Bengal tigers, crocodiles and alligators are found. The most popular varieties of the fish are the rohu, catla and hilsa. Fish and rice is the staple diet of the people living in the area.

Question 5.
What do you understand about ‘Susu’? Describe in brief.
Answer:
In the fresh waters of River Ganga and River Brahmaputra, a variety of dolphin locally called Susu (also called blind dolphin) is found. The presence of Susu is an indication of the health of the river. The untreated industrial and urban wastes with high amount of chemicals are killing this species.

Question 6.
What are the means of transportation developed in the Ganga and the Brahmaputra basin?
Answer:
In the Ganga and the Brahmaputra basin all the four ways of transportation are well-developed. The roadways, railways, waterways and airways are used for transportation by the people.

Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Geography Chapter 8 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Describe the fauna found in the Amazon basin.
Answer:
The rainforest is rich in fauna. Birds such as toucans, hummingbirds etc., are found in the region. Animals like monkeys, sloth and ant-eating tapirs are found here.

Various species of reptiles and snakes also thrive in these forests. Crocodiles, snakes, pythons abound, Anaconda and boa constrictor are some of the species. Apart from this, the basin is home to thousands of species of insects, several species of fishes including the flesh-eating Piranha fish is also found in the river.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Ganga and Brahmaputra basin.
Answer:
The tributaries of rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra together form the Ganga-Brahmaputra basin in the Indian subcontinent. The basin lies in the sub-tropical region that is situated between 10°N to 30°N latitudes. The tributaries of the River Ganga like the Ghaghra, the Son, the Chambal, the Gandak, the Kosi and the tributaries of Brahmaputra drain it.

The plains of the Ganga and the Brahmaputra, the mountains and the foothills of the Himalayas and the Sundarbans delta are the main features of Ganga and Brahmaputra basin. The area is dominated by monsoon climate. The monsoon brings rains from mid-June to mid-September. The summers are hot and the winters cool.

Question 3.
Describe different types of climates and crops around Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
Answer:
In the mountain area of Ganga-Brahmaputra basin lives less number of people; whereas, in the plain areas, density of population is very high. In the plain areas of Ganga and the Brahmaputra basin, the main crop is paddy. Since cultivation of paddy requires sufficient water, it is grown in the areas where the amount of rainfall is high.

Apart from paddy, wheat, maize, sorghum, gram and millets are the other crops that are grown. Cash crops like sugar cane and jute are also grown. Banana plantations are seen in the some areas of the plain. In parts of Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh, coniferous trees like pine, deodar and fir can be seen because the climate is cool and the slopes are steep.

Question 4.
Write a short note on tourism in the Ganga and the Brahmaputra basin.
Answer:
Tourism is another important activity of the basin. Taj Mahal on the banks of River Yamuna in Agra, Allahabad on the confluence of the Rivers Ganga and Yamuna, Buddhists stupas in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, Lucknow with its Imambara, Assam with Kaziranga and Manas with wildlife sanctuaries and Arunachal Pradesh with a distinct tribal culture are some of the places worth a visit.

Question 5.
What do you understand about Slash and Burn?
Answer:
Slash and Bum is a way of cultivating land where farmers clear a piece of land by slashing or cutting down trees and bushes. These are then burnt, which releases the nutrients into the soil. Now crops are grown in this cleared field for a few years. After repeatedly using the patch of land, the soil loses its nutrients. So it is abandoned. Then they clear another plot of land to plant. In the meantime young trees grow in the old field. In this way soil fertility is restored. People can then return to it and start cultivating it again.

Picture Based Questions Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region

1. Identify the following pictures:

Answer:
1. Toucans
2. Tapir
3. Paddy Cultivation
4. Tea Garden in Assam

Map-Based Questions Class 7 Geography Chapter 8 Human Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region

Question 1.
On an outline map of India, mark the cities located at Ganga-Brahmaputra basin.
Answer:

Struggles for Equality Class 7 Civics Chapter 9 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science CBSE Pdf free download are part of Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Social Science SST Civics Chapter 9 Struggles for Equality.

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Class 7 Civics Chapter 9 Extra Questions and Answers Struggles for Equality

Struggles for Equality Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 9 Very Short Answers Type

Question 1.
What is the provision in our Constitution for equality?
Answer:
The Indian constitution recognizes all Indians as equal before the law and states. No person can be discriminated on any ground.

Question 2.
What do you understand about equal right to vote?
Answer:
All adults in India have the equal right to vote during elections and this power has been used by people to elect or replace their representatives. The vote of one person is as good as that of another.

Question 3.
What are the key reasons for inequality?
Answer:
Poverty, lack of resources and discrimination are the key reasons that many people’s lives in India are highly unequal.

Question 4.
Why do Dalit, Adivasi and Muslim girls drop out from school in large number?
Answer:
Dalit, Adivasi and Muslim girls drop out of school in large numbers. This is a combined outcome of poverty, social discrimination and the lack of their artists’ good quality school facilities for these communities.

Question 5.
Who fights against inequality?
Answer:
In each community and in society there are some respectable people who fight of equality. They may be well-respected because they treat all persons with dignity and are, therefore, trusted and play an important role to resolve issues in the community.

Question 6.
What do you understand about creative expression?
Answer:
When the voice of inequality, discrimination etc., are raised through creative means such as pen, or artists’ voice, or thejr ability to dance it is called ‘creative expression’.

Question 7.
Which communities face discrimination in India?
Answer:
Minorities, women, dalits and adivasis face discrimination.

Question 8.
Where is Tehri dam situated?
Answer:
It is situated in Uttarakhand.

Question 9.
When was Tawa Dam built?
Answer:
It was built between 1958 and 1978.

Question 10.
How many villages were affected from Tehri dam?
Answer:
About 100 villages.

Question 11.
How do poor face inequality?
Answer:
Poverty and lack of resources continue to be the key reason for so many people’s lives to be unequal.

Struggles for Equality Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 9 Short Answers Type

Question 1.
How do the people form cooperatives?
Answer:
In India, there are several struggles in which people have come together to fight for issues that they believe are important. There are many such struggles such as those among beedi workers, fisher-folk, agricultural labourers, slum dwellers and each group is struggling for justice in its own way. Many times they form cooperatives or other collective ways by which people can have more control over resources.

Question 2.
How are the people forced to displace?
Answer:
In the villages adjoining the forest areas, when sanctuaries for animals are constructed many poor:
people are displaced and people are forced to go and build new homes and new lives. In urban areas, bastis in which poor people live are often displaced to the areas located outside of the city. Displaced poor people are severely disrupted.

Question 3.
Where is dam built? How does a dam affect the dwellers?
Answer:
A dam is built across a river at sites where one can collect a lot of water. Dam submerges vast areas of land and life of many persons is badly affected. They have to leave their living places. As an example- the Tehri dam, Uttarakhand submerged old Tehri town and 100 villages. Nearly one lakh people were displaced from the construction of Tehri dam.

Question 4.
What are the issues that affect the poor’s and marginalized communities?
Answer:
The issues affecting poor’s and marginalized communities are:

1. the privatization of health and other services in the country;
2. the increasing control of business houses on the media;
3. the low value given to women and their work;
4. the low earning made by small farmers etc.

Struggles for Equality Class 7 Extra Questions and Answer Civics Chapter 9 Long Answers Type

Question 1.
Write a short note on Tawa Matsya Sangh.
There are several organizations across the country fighting for the rights of the displaced. Tawa Matsya Sangh-a federation of Fisherworker’s cooperative-an organization fighting for the rights of the displaced forest dwellers of the Satpura forest in Madhya Pradesh. The Tawa, originating in the Mahadeo hills of Chindwara district, flows through Betul, before joining the Narmada in Hoshangabad.

The Tawa dam began to be built in 1958 and was completed in 1978. It submerged large areas of forest and agricultural land. People of 33 villages were displaced. Some of the displaced people settled around the reservoir and apart from their meagre farms found a livelihood in fishing.

Question 2.
Describe important works done by Tawa Matsya Sangh.
Answer:
In 1994, the government gave the rights for fishing in the Tawa reservoir to private contractors. These contractors got cheap labour from outside. The villagers stood united and decided to set up an organization to protect their livelihood rights. Thus, they formed Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS). And after long struggles they were granted right to fishing for their livelihood by the Madhya Pradesh government in 1996.

For the upliftment of the needs of fishermen, Tawa Matsya Sangh played a great role to make them able to increase their earning substantially. The Sangh arranges for fair price, transport, selling in a market where they get a good price, loans to fishermen for repair and the buying of new nets etc. Thus, the fishermen have started to earn three times more than they earned earlier.

Question 3.
How do writers, singers, dancers and artists fight against inequality?
Answer:
There are two ways to fight against inequality. The first way is to participate in protest movements and the others might use their pen, or their voice, or their ability to dance to draw attention to issues of inequality.

Writers, singers, dancers and artists have also been very active in the fight against inequality. The second ways is called ‘creative expression’. By writing, the issue can be published in the newspapers and periodicals and may draw attention of the authorities as well as masses.