CBSE Class 6

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 4 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 4 SST Key Elements of a Democratic Government will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Key Elements of a Democratic Government Class 6 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 4

CBSE Class 6 Civics Chapter 4 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. People of several races live in South Africa.

2. Black people who belonged to South Africa, whites came there to settle, and Indians came as labourers and traders.

3. South Africa was earlier governed by apartheid laws, which means separation on the basis of race.

4. South African people were divided into white, black, Indian and coloured races.

5. There were separate rules in South Africa for white and black people.

6. The African National Congress led the struggle against apartheid and their most well-known leader was Nelson Mandela and in 1994 country became a democratic country. Now all the people are considered equal.

7. Participation in democracy is a means to elect the representatives. These representatives are elected for a fixed period, as 5 years in India, and majority of assembly is made the government For the further tenure to run the government, they need to face election. If public elect them, they again get the opportunity to serve the people.

8. In between, if government takes any decision which is not in public interest or not taking any consideration on a specific issue general public can initiate signature campaign, can protest through Dhama, Pradershan, rallies, strikes, social movements etc. In present time, media is also important to attract the government towards public issues.

9. The government plays a major role in resolving the conflicts arise amongst the people.

10. Conflicts may arise between the States such as on the ground of rivers.

11. Equality and justice are the key elements of democracy.

12. To bring the equality and justice in the society, the untouchability is banned by the laws.

Key Elements of a Democratic Government Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Apartheid: Discrimination on grounds of race.

Democracy: A system of government elected by general people without any discrimination.

Representative: A person who is given power to talk on the public’s part.

Conflicts: Disputes arising between the different religions, castes, cultures or between people of different economic backgrounds.

Afrikaan: A language spoken by white people of South Africa.

Zulu: This is a language spoken by black people of South Africa.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 3 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 3 SST What is Government will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

What is Government Class 7 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 3

CBSE Class 6 Civics Chapter 3 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. Every country needs a government to make decisions and execute them.

2. Government has a wide range of work such as:

3. Social welfare, service and developmental works;

4. Establish the social security;

5. Protecting the boundaries of the country and

6. Maintaining peaceful relations with other countries.

7. Government needs some amount of organization so that decisions can be made and implemented.

8. The government works at different levels-at local level, state level and at the national level.

9. There are two types of government-first democratic and second monarchy.

10. In a democratic government, people give the power to the government for making the decisions. The members are elected through the elections at different levels.

11. In monarchy, King or Queen has the power to make decisions and run the government. The monarch may have a small group of people to discuss matters with but the final decision-making power remains with the monarch. Unlike in a democracy, kings and queens do not have to explain their actions or defend the decisions they take.

12. The government makes laws and everyone who lives in the country has to follow these. This is the only way government can function. Government has power to make decisions and to enforce its decisions.

13. All over Europe and USA women and the poor have had to fight for participation in government. Women’s struggle to vote got strengthened during the First World War.

14. The term ‘suffrage’ usually means right to vote.

15. American women got the right to vote in 1920 while women in the UK got in 1928.

16. In India, before its independence, only a small minority was allowed to vote. Gandhiji demanded that all adults have the right to vote. This is known as universal adult franchise.

17. A journal, “Young India’ was published by the Gandhiji and the issues related to the marginalized, poor, women, labour etc., were strongly raised by him, time to time.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 2 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 2 SST Diversity and Discrimination will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Diversity and Discrimination Class 7 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 2

CBSE Class 6 Civics Chapter 2 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. The language, food, clothes etc., all of these are influenced both by the geography and history of the place where we live.

2. There are 8 major religions and 16000 languages and more than 100 dance forms in India.

3. We feel safe and secure with people who look, talk, dress and think like us.

4. People also form certain attitudes and opinions about others who are not like them.

5. To judge other people negatively or see them as inferior is prejudice.

6. We can be prejudiced about many things: people’s religious beliefs, the colour of their skin, the region they come from, the accent they speak in, the clothes they wear etc.

7. Sometimes our prejudice about others is so strong that we don’t want to associate with them, even act in ways that hurt them.

8. When we fix people into one image we create a stereotype. When people say that those who belong to a particular country, religion, sex, race or economic background are stingy, lazy, criminal or brave, they are using stereotypes.

9. A common stereotype about Muslims is that they are not interested in educating girls and therefore do not send girls to school. However, studies have now shown that poverty amongst Muslims is an important reason for dropping out of school.

10. Discrimination happens when people act on their prejudices or stereotypes.

11. Discrimination can take place because of several reasons such as religion, caste, work, language, region, status, culture, country etc.

12. More than 50% of all Indians live in villages. They care a little bit about their health. Most of the people of villages are backward and depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Rural families spend 12 to 14 hours in the fields in peak harvesting and plantation season.

13. Life in the city is easy. Most of them are very busy. They spend more time out of home and thus, spend very little time with family members.

14. Dalit is a term that people belonging to so called lower castes use to address themselves. They prefer this word to ‘untouchable’. Dalit means those who have been broken. The government refers to this group of people as Scheduled Castes (SC).

15. Dr Bhim Rao Ambedkar is considered the father of the Indian Constitution and is also the best known leader of the Dalits. Dr Ambedkar fought for the rights of the Dalit community.

16. Dalits, women, tribal and peasants fought against the inequalities along with from British rule

17. Many Dalits organized themselves to gain entry into temples, women demanded for right to education, peasants and tribals fought to release themselves from the grasp of the moneylenders.

18. Our leaders set out a vision and goals in the Constitution to ensure that all the people of India were con­sidered equal. This is seen as key-value that unites us all as Indians

Diversity and Discrimination Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Prejudice: Judge others as inferior or think about them negatively.

Stereotypes: When we fix people into one image, we create a stereotype.

Inequality: Not to be equal on the basis of social, economic conditions and less opportunities available to people.

Discrimination: It is an act of separating the person on the basis of religion, caste, work, language, region, creed etc.

Dalit: Those who are considered low and discriminated.

Untouchability: An act to be separated.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 1 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 1 SST Understanding Diversity will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Understanding Diversity Class 7 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 1

CBSE Class 6 Civics Chapter 1 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Each and everyone is different from the others.

2. Difference may be on the basis of language, colour, height, food habits, clothes, living styles, customs, religions, regions, interest, culture, practices etc.

3. Some people may like to read the storybooks or history books, or science books or political science books, animal’s books or other subjects’ books etc., depending on their interest.

4. Likewise, India is a country of much diversity. We speak different languages, have various types of food, celebrate different festivals, and practice different religions. Except it, we do many things that are similar.

5. For a long time, people travelled from one place to another place for various reasons such as-trade, employment, droughts, wars, natural calamities etc.

6. Due to the migration of people from one place to other places, their languages, food, music, customs, traditions become a mix of the new and old culture and with it came something new and different.

7. Different cultural influences have helped to shape life and culture there. These regions became very diverse because of their unique histories.

8. Geographical areas also play a role in creating the diversity.

9. History and geography are often tied in the cultural life of a region.

10. India’s diversity has always been recognized as a source of its strength.

11. During the British rule, all men and women belonging from different regions, languages, religions, culture fought together.

12. British thought they could divide Indians because they were so different. But Indians showed how they could be different and yet be united in their battle against the British.

13. Songs and symbols that emerged during the freedom struggle serve as a constant reminder of our country’s rich tradition of respect for diversity.

14. India’s first Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru wrote a book “Discovery of India” which depicts the power of unity in diversities in India’s context.

Understanding Diversity Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Diversity: Different differences constitute diversity.

Unity: A strong bond with the people.

Culture: The customs, belief, art, way of life which shifted from one generation to the next.

Inequality: Differences between people.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 12 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes History Chapter 12 SST Buildings, Paintings, and Books will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Buildings, Paintings, and Books Class 7 Notes Social Science History Chapter 12

CBSE Class 6 History Chapter 12 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. At many places, evidence of skill, art, architecture and literature are available in India.

2. In the Mehrauli area of Delhi, a famous Iron Pillar is a remarkable example of such skill and crafts. A ruler named Chandra is mentioned on the pillar. Probably, he belonged to the Gupta Dynasty. An amaz­ing fact is that the pillar has not rusted in all these years.

3. Stupas also show the skills of our craftspersons. Stupa means a mound. There are several kinds of stupas – round and tall, big and small.

4. But stupa has certain common features, generally there is a small box which is known as ‘relic casket’ and placed at the centre or heart of the stupa.

5. Stupa may contain bodily remains such as teeth, bone or ashes of the Buddha or his followers or things they used, as well as precious stones and coins.

6. Around the stupa, the path is known as the ‘pradakshina patha’. Devotees walked around the stupa in a clockwise direction, as a mark of devotion. Amaravati was a place where a magnificent stupa once existed.

7. Some of the earliest Hindu temples were also built at this time. Deities such as Vishnu, Shiva and Durga were worshipped in shrines.

8. Garbhagriha was the most important part of the temple where the image of the chief deity was placed. Mandapa was a part of temple where people could assemble.

9. At Bhitargaon, a tower known as the ‘shikhara’ was built on top of the garbhagriha to mark this as a sa­cred place.

10. Some of the finest stone temples were built in Mahabalipuram and Aihole.

11. Probably Kings and queens spent money to build the temples or stupas.

12. Ajanta is a place where several caves were hollowed out of the hills over centuries. Most of these were monasteries for Buddhist monks. Some of them were decorated with paintings.

13. During this period some best-known epics were written. One of them was Silappadikaram which was composed by a poet named Ilango. Another one Tamil epic is Manimekalai which was composed by Sattanar.

14. Meghaduta was written in Sanskrit by Kalidasa.

15. ‘Puranas’ were also composed during the period which contained religious stories. These were written in Sanskrit which is different from Vedic Sanskrit. These can be heard by everybody including women and shudras.

16. The Mahabharata and the Ramayana are two Sanskrit epics.

Buildings, Paintings, and Books Class 7 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Stupa: Stupa means a mound.

Temple: Hindus’ religious place, where worship is performed.

Painting: This is an art in which colours are used to make a picture.

Epic: A long, detailed and comprehensive composition in which events of one or more heroes are narrated.

Story: The account of an incident is called story.

Purana: These are religious old books of Hindus.

Science: Science is systematic knowledge.

Mathematics: By learning mathematics, we learn calculations.

Notes of History Class 6 Chapter 12 Time Period

2300 years ago: Beginning of stupa building.

2000 years ago: Stupas were made in Amaravati.

1600 years ago: Period of Kalidasa as well as Chandragupta-II.

1500 years ago: Formed painting in Ajanta caves. Iron Pillar, Temple at Bhitargaon.

1400 years ago: Durga temple.