CBSE Class 6

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS (Page 40)

Question 1.
How would Maya’s life be different in South Africa today?
Answer:
If Maya lived in South Africa today she will enjoy equal rights to participate in the affairs of the government, she will have equal access to all social benefits and she will be protected by law. No injustice will be done to her.

Question 2.
What are the various ways in which people participate in the process of government?
Answer:
There are various ways in which people participate in the process of government:

• Through voting in elections, people elect leaders of their choice to represent them. These representatives take decisions on behalf of the people.
• People participate in the process of government by taking an interest in the working of the government and by criticizing it when required.
• People express their views in several ways and make governments understand what actions they should take. They stage dhamas, hold rallies, strikes, signature campaigns, etc.
• Another way for people to participate is by organising themselves into social movements that seek to challenge the government and its functioning. Members of the minority community can participate in this manner.

Question 3.
Why do you think we need the government to find solutions to any disputes or conflicts?
Answer:
Conflicts appear when people of different cultures, religions, regions, or economic backgrounds, do not get along with each other or when they feel that they are being discriminated against. People may use violent means to settle their differences. This leads to fear and tension among them. The government is responsible for helping to resolve conflicts in a peaceful manner.

Question 4.
What actions does the government take to ensure that all people are treated equally?
Answer:

• The discriminatory actions are banned through laws.
• Laws are strictly enforced.
• Equality and justice are enforced.
• Pecuniary actions are taken like fines and jail if miscreants cause impediments in the path of progress and in the path of enforcing or implementing welfare schemes.

Question 5.
Read through the chapter and discuss some of the key ideas of a democratic government. Make a list. For example, all people are equal.
Answer:
The key ideas of a democratic government are the following:

1. Right of the people to vote in the elections.
2. Re-election of the government, after a fixed period.
3. The people carry out campaigns and rallies.
4. Responsible government.
5. Government resolves disputes and conflicts.
6. Justice and equality to all.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
What were Hector and his classmates protesting about? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer:
Hector and his classmates were protesting against the learning of the Afrikaan language which was being forced on them by the whites, in place of their own language, Zulu.

Question 2.
List five ways in which non-whites were discriminated against: (NCERT Page 36)
Answer:
Five ways in which non-whites were discriminated against were:

1. Hospitals and ambulances were separate for whites and non-whites.
2. There were separate trains and buses.
3. Bus stops were also different.
4. No voting right to non-whites.
5. Best lands were reserved for whites while non-whites had ownership of the worst available land.

Question 3.
Do you think it is important for all persons to be treated equally? Why? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer:
Yes, we think it is important for all persons to be treated equally because all persons have been born equal.

• They have the same blood running in their veins.
• They have some heart, the same bones, the same skin, and their same body system.

Question 4.
What does a democratic government mean to all of us? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer:
By a democratic government, we mean a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.

Question 5.
Why do we have regular elections? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer:
In a democracy, people take decisions and make laws through their elected representatives.

• Through elections, they choose their new representatives to represent them in legislatures and parliament.
• These representatives take decisions and make laws.
• In this way, they keep the voices and interests of the people in their minds. Regular elections keep the representatives abreast of the needs and aspirations of the people and act according to these.
• They know that if they do not prove equal to the needs and aspirations of the people they may be thrown out and new representatives could be elected.

Question 6.
Discuss: (NCERT Page 37)
Look at some newspapers and discuss some elections that you may have read about. Why do you think elections are required after a fixed period?
Answer:
We have read about recent elections held in the country (General Elections), Rajasthan, M.P., Chhattisgarh, J & K, Arunachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Kerala (2008-2009).

• UPA led by Congress formed the government at the center for the second time in a row.
• National Conference-led government took over in J & K.
• LDF took over in Kerala.
• Congress formed the government in Rajasthan retained in Haryana.
• BJP retained government in M.P. and Chhattisgarh.

Question 7.
Discuss: (NCERT Page 40)
In Maya’s story did the government support the idea that people are equal? In Dr. Ambedkar’s story did the practice of untouchability support the idea that people are equal?
Answer:

• In Maya’s story, the government did not support the idea that people are equal.
• In Dr. Ambedkar’s story, the practice of untouchability did not support the idea that people are equal.
• It supported the idea of discrimination and unjust or unequal situations.

Question 8.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 38)
Bead the story (of Hector) again; Do you think the police Shooting of Hector could have been avoided? How?
Answer:
Yes, we think the police shooting of Hector could be avoided by using restraint and by keeping cool on the protesters.

Question 9.

1. How do you think lowering the school fees would help girls attend school?
2. Can you think of any experience from your life in which you have helped someone out of a situation which you thought was unfair?
3. Did everyone else see it the same way?
4. What did you have to say to convince others that what you did was fair? (NCERT Page 40)

Answer:

1. We think that lowering the school fees would help girls to attend school because parents think that their girls would get an education by a very low payment of fees. They would send them to school and would not assume them as burdens.
2. I helped a faqir who was ill-clad in winter by providing him woolen clothes. No, it was not an unfair situation, it was a genuine situation.
3. No, no one saw it the other way.
4. As my intention was just, all the people around me were convinced by my action. They termed my action as fair.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 12 संसार पुस्तक है are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 12 संसार पुस्तक है.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 12 संसार पुस्तक है

प्रश्न-अभ्यास
(पाठ्यपुस्तक से)

पत्र से

प्रश्न 1.
लेखक ने ‘प्रकृति के अक्षर’ किन्हें कहा है?
उत्तर
लेखक ने पत्थरों के टुकड़े, पहाड़, समुद्र, नदियों, जंगलों और जानवरों की हड्डियों को ‘प्रकृति के अक्षर’ कहा है।

प्रश्न 2.
लाखों-करोड़ों वर्ष पहले हमारी धरती कैसी थी?
उत्तर
लाखों-करोड़ों वर्ष पहले हमारी धरती बहुत गर्म थी। उस समय यहाँ किसी भी जानदार चीज का कोई अस्तित्व नहीं था क्योंकि इतनी गर्मी में कोई भी प्राणी जीवित नहीं रह सकता था।

प्रश्न 3.
दुनिया का पुराना हाल किन चीज़ों से जाना जाता है? कुछ चीज़ों के नाम लिखो।
उत्तर
दुनिया का पुराना हाल समुद्र, नदियों, चट्टानों, पत्थर के टुकड़ों और जानवरों की हइड़ियों से जाना जाता है।

प्रश्न 4.
गोल, चमकीला रोड़ा अपनी क्या कहानी बताता है?
उत्तर
गोल, चमकीला रोड़ा बताता है कि कुछ समय पहले वह चट्टान से टूटा हुआ एक खुरदरा और नुकीला टुकड़ा था। बारिश के पानी में बह कर वह छोटी घाटी तक आया। पहाड़ी नाले ने उसे ढकेलकर छोटे से दरिया में पहुँचा दिया। वहाँ से बहते-बहते वह बड़े दरिया में पहुँचा। इस पूरी प्रक्रिया में लुढ़कता और घिसता हुआ गोल और चमकदार बन गया।

प्रश्न 5.
गोल, चमकीले रोड़े को यदि दरिया और आगे ले जाता तो क्या होता? विस्तार से उत्तर लिखो।
उत्तर
गोल, चमकीले रोड़े को यदि दरिया और आगे ले जाता तो वह छोटा होते-होते अंत में बालू का एक कण बन जाता और समुद्र के किनारे पहुँचकर अपने जैसे ही रेत के अन्य कणों से मिल जाता। इस प्रकार ही समुद्र के किनारे सुंदर बालू का किनारा बनता है, जहाँ छोटे-छोटे बच्चे खेलते और बालू के घरौंदे बनाते हैं।

प्रश्न 6.
नेहरू जी ने इस बात को हलका-सा संकेत दिया है कि दुनिया कैसे शुरू हुई होगी। उन्होंने क्या बताया है? पाठ के आधार पर लिखो।
उत्तर
नेहरू जी ने बताया है कि लाखों-करोड़ों वर्ष पहले जब इस धरती का जन्म हुआ था, तब यह इतनी गर्म थी कि इस पर कोई जानदार चीज़ नहीं रह सकती थी। धीरे-धीरे बहुत बाद में इस पर पेड़-पौधे और जानवरों का अस्तित्व शुरू हुआ और उसके कई हजार साल बाद आदमी की उत्पत्ति हुई।

पत्र से आगे

प्रश्न 1.
लगभग हर जगह दुनिया की शुरुआत को समझाती हुई कहानियाँ प्रचलित हैं। तुम्हारे यहाँ कौन सी कहानी प्रचलित है?
उत्तर
दुनिया की शुरुआत को समझाती हुई हमारे यहाँ यह कहानी प्रचलित है कि एक बार पृथ्वी पर भयंकर प्रलय हुई। सागर, नदियाँ, झील सभी अपनी हद (दायरा) भूल गए। हर जगह पानी ही पानी हो गया। सब कुछ नष्ट हो गया। पृथ्वी पर कोई जीव-जंतु न बचा। बस पानी ही पानी था। ऐसे में केवल ऋषि मनु ही बचे थे जो हिमालय के पास यज्ञ-कर्म में लीन थे। उधर पृथ्वी पर आई तबाही के बाद की स्थिति देखने के लिए गंधर्व कन्या सतरूपा घर से बाहर आई। उसे चारों ओर जल ही जल नज़र आया। उसने जान लिया कि पृथ्वी पर अब जीवन शेष नहीं रहा।

उसी समय उन्हें हिमालय की ओर से धुआँ उठता नजर आया। सतरूपा को लगा कि शायद उधर कोई जीवित बचा दिखता है। पास जाकर देखा तो ऋषि मनु यज्ञ कर रहे थे। ऋषि ने सतरूपा के आने का प्रयोजन एवं परिचय पूछा। प्रलय के बाद अकेले बचे दुखी ऋषि को छोड़कर सतरूपा वापस नहीं गईं। मनु और सतरूपा से उत्पन्न बच्चों को मनुज कहा जाने लगा। इस तरह दुनिया की एक नई शुरुआत हुई।

प्रश्न 2.
तुम्हारी पसंदीदा किताब कौन सी है और क्यों?
उत्तर
मेरी पसंदीदा किताब पं. विष्णुशर्मा द्वारा रचित पंचतंत्र है क्योंकि इस पुस्तक में रोचक कथाओं के माध्यम से कई महत्त्वपूर्ण उपदेश दिए गए हैं जो जीवन के हर पग पर हमारी मार्गदर्शन करते हैं।

प्रश्न 3.
मसूरी और इलाहाबाद भारत के किन प्रांतों के शहर हैं?
उत्तर
मसूरी उत्तराखंड प्रांत का और इलाहाबाद उत्तरप्रदेश प्रांत का शहर है।

प्रश्न 4.
तुम जानते हो कि दो पत्थरों को रगड़कर आदि मानव ने आग की खोज की थी। उस युग में पत्थरों का और क्या-क्या उपयोग होता था?
उत्तर
उस युग में पत्थरों का हथियार और औजार के रूप में प्रयोग होता था। पत्थर जानवरों का शिकार करने, माँस काटने और चमड़ा या वृक्ष की छाल छीलने वाले औजार के रूप में प्रयुक्त होते थे।

अनुमान और कल्पना

• हर चीज़ के निर्माण की एक कहानी होती है, जैसे मकान के निर्माण की कहानी-कुर्सी, गद्दे, रज़ाई के निर्माण की कहानी हो सकती है। इसी तरह वायुमान साइकिल अथवा अन्य किसी यंत्र के निर्माण की कहानी भी होती है। कल्पना करो यदि रसगुल्ला अपने निर्माण की कहानी सुनाने लगे कि वह पहले दूध था, उसे दूध से छेना बनाया गया, उसे गोल आकार दिया गया। चीनी की चाशनी में डालकर पकाया गया। फिर उसका नाम पड़ा रसगुल्ला।
• तुम भी किसी चीज के निर्माण की कहानी लिख सकते हो, इसके लिए तुम्हें अनुमान और कल्पना के साथ उस चीज़ के बारे में कुछ जानकारी भी एकत्र करनी होगी।
उत्तर
मैं रोटी हूँ। हलकी और फूली हुई गोल रोटी। पहले मैं गेहूँ थी और फसल के रूप | में खेतों में खड़ी थी। किसान ने मुझे काटकर खलिहान पहुँचाया और फिर मशीन द्वारा मुझे गेहूं की बालियों से निकाला गया। इस गेहूँ को धोकर चक्की में पीसकर आटा तैयार किया गया। अब आटे को सान कर छोटी-छोटी लोई बनाई गई और बेल कर गोल किया गया। फिर उसे आग पर रखे गर्म तवे पर उलट-पलट कर पकाया गया और पक कर रोटी बनकर मैं फूल उठी।

भाषा की बात

प्रश्न 1.
इस बीच वह दरिया में लुढ़कता रहा। नीचे लिखी क्रियाएँ पढ़ो। क्या इनमें और ‘लुढ़कना” में तुम्हें कोई समानता नज़र आती है?

• इन चारों क्रियाओं का अंतर समझाने के लिए इनसे वाक्य बनाओ।
उत्तर

• ढकेलना – आयुष ने नेहा को ढकेल दिया।
• लुढ़कना – पत्थर चट्टान से लुढ़कता-लुढ़कता नीचे गिर पड़ा।
• गिरता – वह पहाड़ से गिरता चला गया।
• गिरना – पहाड़ से वह गिरने लगा।
• खिसकना – धरती के अंदर चट्टानों के खिसकने से भूकंप आता है।
• खिसकता – वह आगे खिसकता चला गया।

प्रश्न 2.
चमकीला रोड़ा-यहाँ रेखांकित विशेषण ‘चमक संज्ञा में ईला’ प्रत्यय जोड़ने पर बना
है। निम्नलिखित शब्दों में यही प्रत्यय जोड़कर विशेषण बनाओ और इनके साथ उपयुक्त संज्ञाएँ लिखो
पत्थर ………
काँटा ………..
रस ……………
जहरे …………
उत्तर

प्रश्न 3.
‘जब तुम मेरे साथ रहती हो, तो अकसर मुझसे बहुत-सी बातें पूछा करती हो।’
• यह वाक्य दो वाक्यों को मिलाकर बना है। इन दोनों वाक्यों को जोड़ने का काम जब-तो (तब) कर रहे हैं, इसलिए इन्हें योजक कहते हैं। योजक के रूप में कभी कोई बदलाव नहीं आता, इसलिए ये अव्यय का एक प्रकार होते हैं। नीचे वाक्यों को जोड़ने वाले कुछ और अव्यय दिए गए हैं। उन्हें रिक्त स्थानों में लिखो। इन शब्दों से तुम भी एक-एक वाक्य बनाओ संसार पुस्तक है।
(क) कृष्णन फिल्म देखना चाहता है ………….. मैं मेले में जाना चाहती हूँ।
(ख) मुनिया ने सपना देखा …………. वह चन्द्रमा पर बैठी है।
(ग) छुट्टियों में हम सब ……… दुर्गापुर जाएँगे ……….. जालंधर।।
(घ) सब्जी कटवाकर रखना ………….. घर आते ही मैं खाना बना हूँ।
(ङ) ………… मुझे पता होता कि शमीना बुरा मान जाएगी .………………. मैं यह बात न कहती।
(च) इस वर्ष फसल अच्छी नहीं हुई है …………..अनाज महँगा है।
(छ) विमल जर्मन सीख रहा है …………… फ्रेंच।

उत्तर
(क) कृष्णन फिल्म देखना चाहता है परन्तु मैं मेले में जाना चाहती हूँ।
(ख) मुनिया ने सपना देखा कि वह चन्द्रमा पर बैठी है।
(ग) छुट्टियों में हम सब या तो दुर्गापुर जाएँगे या जालंधर।
(घ) सब्जी कटवाकर रखना ताकि घर आते ही मैं खाना बना लूं।
(ङ) यदि मुझे पता होता कि शमीना बुरा मान जाएगी तो मैं यह बात न कहती।
(च) इस वर्ष फसल अच्छी नहीं हुई है इसलिए अनाज महँगा है।
(छ) विमल जर्मन सीख रहा है न कि फ्रेंच।
वाक्य में प्रयोग
बल्कि  –  मोहन ने इनकार नहीं किया, बल्कि वह तो घूमने जाना चाहता था।
इसलिए  –  मेरे सिर में दर्द था इसलिए मैं स्कूल नहीं आ सकी।
परंतु  –  मोहन घूमने जाना चाहता था परंतु उसके पिता ने मना कर दिया।
कि  –  मैं जानती थी कि वह नहीं आ सकेगा।
यदि  –  यदि उसके पिता ने अनुमति दी होती
तो  –  वह जरूर आता। तो-वह होता तो और भी आनंद आता।
न कि  –  मैंने उसे काम पूरा करने को कहा न कि पार्क में जाकर बैठने को कहा।
या  –  नेहा या नूपुर इस गीत को गा सकती हैं।
ताकि  –  मैंने उसे रोका ताकि वह काम पूरा कर सके।

कुछ करने को

• पास के शहर में कोई संग्रहालय हो तो वहाँ जाकर पुरानी चीजें देखो। अपनी कक्षा में उस पर चर्चा करो।
उत्तर
छात्र संग्रहालय जाकर देखने समझने का प्रयास करें।

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 12 संसार पुस्तक है help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 12 संसार पुस्तक है, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Diversity and Discrimination are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Diversity and Discrimination.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Diversity and Discrimination

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS (Pages 22-23)

Question 1.
Match the following statements in a way that challenges stereotypes:

Answer:
a → 3
b → 4
c → 1
d → 2

Question 2.
How can the stereotype that girls are a burden on their parents affect the life of a daughter? Imagine this situation and list at least five different effects that this stereotype can have on the way daughters get treated in the house.
Answer:
When the stereotype people think that daughter is a burden on the parents, it affects the life of the girl child in the following ways:

1. She feels guilty that she is a burden on the family.
2. The daughters are not sent to school.
3. They are not given nutritional food from the parents. Milk, butter, fruits are kept for the boys.
4. They are deprived of love, care, and attention.
5. When daughters fall sick-they do not get proper medical care and attention.

Question 3.
What does the Constitution say with regard to equality? Why do you think it is important for all people to be equal?
Answer:
With regards ta. equality the Constitution says:

1. Everyone has equal rights and opportunities.
2. Untouchability is seen as a crime and legally abolished by law.
3. People are free to choose the kind of work they wish to do.
4. Government jobs are open to all people.

The equality of all persons is seen as a key that unites us all as Indians. The Constitution also placed responsibility on the government to take specific steps to realize that this right to equality to poor and other deprived communities.

Question 4.
Sometimes people make prejudiced comments in our presence. We are often not in a position to do anything about this because it is difficult to say something right then and there. Divide the class into groups and each group discuss what they could do in one of the following situations:

1. A friend begins to tease a classmate because he is poor.
2. You are watching TV with your family and one of them makes a prejudicial comment about a particular religious community.
3. Children in your class refuse to share their food with a particular person because they think she is dirty.
4. Someone tells you a joke that makes fun of a community because of their accent.
5. Some boys make remarks about girls not being able to play games as well as them.

Discuss in class what the different groups have suggested for the above situations, and also talk about the problems that can come up when raising the issue.
Answer:

1. I would try to convince my friend that being poor is not a crime nor a matter of laughter. Hence, he should not tease his classmate. Instead, he should take care of his dignity and self-respect.
2. I would stop him/her to do that.
3. I would advise my classmates to be friendly with one and all.
4. I would not get involved in the joke and would proceed from their immediately
5. I would try to convince those boys that girls are in no way less efficient than their male counterparts. I would give examples of Kalpana Chawla and Sunita Williams who did what many men could not think of.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 14)
Below are some statements on people living in rural and urban areas. Tick mark those that you agree with:
On Rural People

1. More than 50% of all Indians live in villages.
2. Villagers do not care about their health. They are full of superstition.
3. People in the villages are backward and lazy. They do not like to work.
4. In peak harvesting and plantation season, families spend 12 to 14 hours working in the fields.
5. Villagers are dirty and not hygienic.

On Urban People:

1. Life in the city is easy. People here are spoilt and lazy.
2. In cities, families spend very little time with each other.
3. People in towns only care about money, not about people.
4. Living in a city is expensive. A large part of people’s earnings is spent on rent and transport.
5. City people cannot be trusted, they are cunning and corrupt.

Answer:
On Rural People

1. ✓
2. ✓
3. ✗
4. ✓
5. ✗

On Urban People

1. ✗
2. ✓
3. ✓
4. ✓
5. ✗

Question 2.
What are prejudices? What does prejudice mean?
Answer:
Prejudices are our opinions which we make about certain people. Some examples are.

• Village people are dirty, lazy, and ignorant.
• City people are cunning and corrupt.

By prejudice we mean, “to judge others negatively and with inferiority.”

Question 3.
Look again at the statements that you believed to be true about rural and urban life in India. Do you have a prejudice against rural or urban people? Find out if this is shared by others and discuss the reasons why people have these prejudices.
Can you list some of the prejudices that you have noticed around you? How do they affect the ways in which people treat each other? (NCERT Page 14)
Answer:

1. No, we do not have a prejudice against the rural or urban people.
2. This view is also shared by others around us.
3. Some people have prejudices against others because of the following reasons.
   • Negative attitude towards others.
   • Superiority complex.
   • Treating oneself above all others.
   • Overconfidence in oneself.
   • Wrong attitude formation.
   • Pessimism,
4. Prejudices noticed around us:
   • Caste
   • Colour
   • Eating habits.
5. They affect the ways in which people treat each other.
   • They laugh at
   • They tease
   • They speak the fifty languages
   • Sometimes they begin to abuse others.

Question 4.
Arrange the statements given below in these two sections, according to what you think is appropriate for the section.

1. They are well behaved.
2. They are soft-spoken and gentle.
3. They are physically strong.
4. They are naughty.
5. They are good at dance and painting.
6. They don’t cry
7. They are rowdy
8. They are good at sport
9. They are good at cooking
10. They are emotional

Answer:
Girls
1, 2, 5, 9, 10
Boys
3, 4, 6, 7, 8

Question 5.
Now check, with your teacher’s help, who has put which statement where. Find out and discuss people’s reasons for doing this. Are the qualities you put in for boys something that boys are born with? (NCERT Page 15)
Answer:
Girls

1. They are well behaved.
2. They are soft-spoken and gentle.
3. They are good at dance and painting.
4. They are good at cooking.
5. They are emotional.

Boys

1. They are physically strong.
2. They are naughty.
3. They do not cry.
4. They are rowdy.
5. They are good at sport.

Yes, the qualities of boys which we have put in for boys are something that boys are born with.

Question 6.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 16)
The children you see in the illustrations here were seen as ‘disabled’. This term has been changed and now the term used is ‘children with special needs. Common stereotypes about them are given in large letters. Their own feelings and thoughts to are given.

• Discuss what these children are saying about stereotypes regarding them and why.
• Do you think children with special needs should be a part of regular schools or study in a separate school? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer:

• Picture I:
  Stereotypes. People say all sorts of things
  The child says:
  • I limp.
  • I lisp, all this and more.
  • Sometimes I feel so sad and sore.
  • If you were I, what would you do?
• Picture II:
  Stereotypes. You look so so different!
  The child says:
  • I am a person.
  • I feel shy.
  • From staring eyes, I want to hide.
• Picture III:
  Stereotypes. Is her mind okay?
  The child says:
  • Just because my legs are wobbly.
  • People think my mind is wobbly too.
• These children are saying about stereotypes because they understand the attitudes of the people around them. They mock them and they tease them.
• We think children with special needs should be a part of regular school and should not study in a separate school because they would learn many things more in regular school and will not feel degraded.

Question 7.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 17)
You can take other statements such as They are soft and gentle or They are well behaved and discuss how these are applied to girls. Do girls possess these qualities at birth or do they learn such behaviour from others? What do you think about girls who are not soft and gentle and those who are naughty?
Answer:
These characteristics are applied to girls because they are born soft, gentle. They are well behaved.

• The girls possess these qualities at birth most of them. They also leam such behavior afterward, remaining in the house or school.
• The girls who are not soft and gentle and who are naughty, acquire these qualities from society.

Question 8.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 18)
A common stereotype about Muslims is that they are not interested in educating girls and therefore do not send girls to school. However, studies have now shown that poverty amongst Muslims is an important reason why Muslim girls do not attend school or leave school after a few years.

Wherever effort has been made to reach education to the poor, there the Muslim community has shown an interest in sending their girls to school. For example in the state of Kerala, the distance between the school and the home is not much. There is a good government bus service that helps teachers reach schools in rural areas and over sixty percent of the teachers are women. These factors have helped children from poorer families, including Muslim girls, attend school in much larger numbers.

In other states, where such efforts have not been made children from poorer families whether Muslim, tribal, or so-called lower castes find it difficult to attend school. Therefore, poverty not religion is the cause for the non-attendance of Muslim girls in school.
Study the above extract and answer the questions given below:

1. What is a common stereotype about Muslims?
2. What reason has been given in recent studies for not sending Muslim girls to schools?
3. Why do Muslim girls study in schools in Kerala along with other girls?
4. What is the real cause of Muslim girls not going to school?

Answer:

1. The common stereotype about Muslims is that Muslims are not interested in educating their girls and that they do not send their girls to schools.
2. The studies have suggested poverty as the reason for not sending Muslim girls to school.
3. In Kerala Muslim girls go to schools along with other girls in large numbers:
   • The distance between the school and home is very less.
   • Women teachers are in large numbers in schools.
   • The bus service in Kerala is very efficient.
4. It is poverty, not religion.

Question 9.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 19)
What is the difference between discrimination and stereotype?
Answer:
Difference:

How do you think a person who is discriminated against might feel?
Answer:
He might feel hurt and might revolt against society.

Question 10.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 21)
Despite the children offering money, the cartmen refused them. Why?
How did people at the station discriminate against Dr. Ambedkar and his brothers?
How do you think Dr. Ambedkar felt as a child when he saw the stationmaster’s reaction to his statement that they were Mahars?
Have you ever experienced prejudice or witnessed an incident of discrimination? How did this make you feel?
Read the story of Bhimrao Ambedkar and answer the following questions:

1. Despite the children offering money, the cartmen refused them. Why?
2. How did people at the station discriminate against Dr. Ambedkar and his brothers?
3. How do you think Dr. Ambedkar felt as a child when he saw the stationmaster’s reaction to his statement that they were Mahars?
4. Have you ever experienced prejudice or witnessed an incident of discrimination?
5. How did this make you feel?

Answer:

1. Despite the children offering money, the cartman refused them because they were Mahars, the untouchable caste of the Bombay Presidency.
2. People at the station discriminated against Dr. Ambedkar and his brothers by refusing them to sit or studying near the upper caste people.
3. Dr. Ambedkar felt very disgusted when he saw the station master’s reaction to his statement that they were Mahars.
4. Yes, we have seen prejudice in our childhood.
5. This made us feel disappointed and sad.

Question 11.
Question Box:
Discuss:

1. In addition to the lower castes being discriminated against, there are also various other communities that are subject to discrimination.
2. Can you think of a few other examples of discrimination?
3. Discuss the ways in which persons with special needs might be subject to discrimination. (NCERT Page 21)

Answer:

1. Muslims, Christians, tribals, handicapped, disabled persons, etc.
2. Yes.
3. Special training to teachers.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Diversity and Discrimination help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Diversity and Discrimination, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 6 पार नज़र के are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 6 पार नज़र के.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 6 पार नज़र के

प्रश्न-अभ्यास
(पाठ्यपुस्तक से)

कहानी से

प्रश्न 1.
छोटू का परिवार कहाँ रहता था?
उत्तर
छोटू का परिवार मंगल ग्रह की धरती के नीचे बसी कालोनी में रहता था।

प्रश्न 2.
छोटू को सुरंग में जाने की इजाज़त क्यों नहीं थी? पाठ के आधार पर लिखो।
उत्तर
सुरंग का रास्ता जमीन के ऊपर जाता था। वहाँ के वातावरण में आम आदमी बिना सुरक्षा उपकरणों के जीवित नहीं रह सकता था। इसके अतिरिक्त सुरंग में भी कई तरह के यंत्र लगे हुए थे। वहाँ केवल उन यंत्रों की देखभाल का काम करने वाले लोग जाते थे। यही कारण था कि छोटू को सुरंग में जाने की इजाजत नहीं थी।

प्रश्न 3.
कंट्रोल रूम में जाकर छोटू ने क्या देखा और वहाँ उसने क्या हरकत की?
उत्तर
कंट्रोल रूम से छोटू को अंतरिक्ष यान क्रमांक एक साफ नजर आ रहा था। मगर उसका ध्यान उस कॉन्सोल पैनल पर था, जिस पर कई बटन लगे हुए थे। वहाँ लगे लाल बटन को छोटू दबाना चाहता था। अंततः वह अपनी इच्छा को नहीं रोक पाया ओर उसने लाल बटन दबा दिया। उसकी इस हरकत के कारण अंतरिक्ष यान क्रमांक एक का यांत्रिक हाथ बेकार हो गया। इस पर उसे पापा से मार भी खानी पड़ी।

प्रश्न 4.
इस कहानी के अनुसार मंगल ग्रह पर कभी आम जन-जीवन था। वह सब नष्ट कैसे हो गया? इसे लिखो।
उत्तर
इस कहानी के अनुसार मंगल ग्रह के लोग भी कभी धरती के ऊपर सामान्य जीवन बिताया करते थे। परंतु धीरे-धीरे वातावरण में परिवर्तन आने लगा। इस परिवर्तन की जड़ में था सूरज में हुआ परिवर्तन। सूरज, जिसकी रोशनी और गर्मी से जीवों को पोषण मिला करता था। उसमें परिवर्तन आने से प्रकृति का संतुलन बिगड़ गया। प्रकृति के इस बिगड़े हुए रूप का सामना करने में वहाँ के पशु-पक्षी और पेड़-पौधे असमर्थ थे, इसलिए सभी एक-एक कर नष्ट होने लगे।

प्रश्न 5.
कहानी में अंतरिक्ष यान को किसने भेजा था और क्यों?
उत्तर
कहानी में अंतरिक्ष यान को पृथ्वी ग्रह पर स्थित नेशनल ऐरोनॉटिक्स एंड स्पेस एडमिनिस्ट्रेशन ने मंगल ग्रह की मिट्टी के नमूने लाने के लिए भेजा था। पृथ्वी के वैज्ञानिक मंगल ग्रह की मिट्टी के अध्ययन के लिए बहुत उत्सुक थे। उन्हें इस अध्ययन से यह पता लगने की उम्मीद थी कि पृथ्वी की तरह मंगल ग्रह पर भी जीवों का अस्तित्व है या नहीं।

प्रश्न 6.
नंबर एक, नंबर दो और नंबर तीन अजनबी से निबटने के कौन से तरीके सुझाते हैं। और क्यों?
उत्तर
नंबर एक पर सुरक्षा की जिम्मेदारी थी। वह बताते हैं कि वे उन अंतरिक्ष यानों को जला
कर खाक कर देने की क्षमता रखते हैं, पर इससे कोई जानकारी नहीं मिल पाएगी। वह यह सूचना भी देते हैं कि उन यानों में केवल यंत्र लगे हैं, कोई यात्री सवार नहीं है। नंबर दो एक वैज्ञानिक हैं। वह आगाह करते हैं कि यान को नष्ट कर देने में एक खतरा यह भी है कि दूसरे ग्रह के लोगों को हमारा पता चल जाएगा, इसलिए हमें बस छुपकर उस पर नजर रखनी चाहिए। नंबर तीन, जो सामाजिक व्यवस्था का काम देखते हैं, वे भी यही सलाह देते हैं कि अपने अस्तित्व को छिपाकर रखना ही बेहतर है। वह यह भी सुझाव देते हैं कि उन्हें अपनी धरती पर ऐसी व्यवस्था कर देनी चाहिए जिससे उन यंत्रों को यहाँ की कोई चीज अपने काम की न लगे। ऐसा होने से उन अनजान ग्रह के वासी अगली बार अधिक क्षमता वाले यान भेजने पर विचार नहीं करेंगे।

कहानी से आगे

प्रश्न 1.
(क) दिलीप एम. साल्वी।
(ख) जयंत विष्णु नार्लीकर
(ग) आइज़क ऐसीमोव
(घ) आर्थर क्लार्क
• ऊपर दिए गए लेखकों की अंतरिक्ष संबंधी कहानियाँ इकट्ठी करके पढ़ो और एक-दूसरे को सुनाओ। इन कहानियों में कल्पना क्या है और सच क्या है, इसे समझाने की कोशिश करो। कुछ ऐसी कहानियाँ छाँटकर निकालो, जो आगे चलकर सच साबित हुई हैं।”
उत्तर
छात्र ऐसी कहानियाँ खोज कर पढ़ने का प्रयास करें और यह जानने की कोशिश करें कि उनमें कितनी सच्चाई है।

प्रश्न 2.
इस पाठ में अंतरिक्ष यान अजनबी बन कर आता है। ‘अजनबी’ शब्द पर सोचो। इंसान भी कई बार अजनबी माना जाता है और कोई जगह या शहर भी। क्या तुम्हारी मुलाकात ऐसे किसी अजनबी से हुई है? नए स्कूल का पहला अनुभव कैसा था ? क्या उसे भी अजनबी कहोगे? अगर हाँ तो ‘अजनबीपन दूर कैसे हुआ? इस पर सोचकर कुछ लिखो।
उत्तर
अजनबी उस इंसान या स्थान को कहते हैं, जिसे हम न जानते हों और जिसके बारे में हमें कुछ पता न हो। नया स्कूल भी अजनबी ही होता है, क्योंकि हमें वहाँ के अपने सहपाठियों और शिक्षकों के संबंध में कोई जानकारी नहीं होती है। धीरे-धीरे जब हम रोज उनसे मिलने लगते हैं उनके करीब जाते हैं तो उनसे हमारी पहचान होने लगती
है। हमारा परिचय बढ़ता है और फिर कुछ भी अनजाना नहीं लगता है।

अनुमान और कल्पना

प्रश्न 1.
यह कहानी ज़मीन के अंदर की जिंदगी का पता देती है। ज़मीन के ऊपर मंगल ग्रह पर सब कुछ कैसा होगा, इसकी कल्पना करो और लिखो।
उत्तर
जैसा कि छोटू के पिता ने उसे बताया था, पहले उनके पूर्वज जमीन के ऊपर ही रहा करते थे। उनका जीवन वहाँ सामान्य था। बिना किसी प्रकार के यंत्र की सहायता के वे वहाँ रहा करते थे। इतना ही नहीं वहाँ पेड़-पौधे, पशु-पक्षी और अन्य जीव भी रहा करते थे। छोटू के पिता की इन बातों से लगता है कि मंगल ग्रह पर धरती के ऊपर का जीवन सामान्य रही होगा। ठीक वैसे ही, जैसे हम पृथ्वी पर रहते हैं। परंतु वातावरण में परिवर्तन आने के बाद से सब कुछ बदल गया। पेड़ पौधे और पशु पक्षी नष्ट हो गए। ठंड इतनी ज्यादा बढ़ गई कि आम लोगों का वहाँ रहना मुश्किल हो गया। लोगों ने यंत्रों की सहायता से जमीन के नीचे घर बना लिए। अब तो बिना स्पेस सूट और खास जूतों के मंगल की धरती पर चलना-फिरना और साँस लेना भी। मुश्किल है। एक सामान्य व्यक्ति के लिए वहाँ के परिवेश में रह पाना असंभव है।

प्रश्न 2.
मान लो कि तुम छोटू हो और यह कहानी किसी को सुना रहे हो तो कैसे सुनाओगे? सोचो और ‘मैं’ शैली (आत्मकथात्मक शैली) में यह कहानी सुनाओ।
उत्तर
मैं उस सुरंगनुमा रास्ते में जाना चाहता था, जिसमें रोज पापा जाते थे, पर मुझे कोई जाने न देता। इसलिए एक दिन पापा का सिक्यूरिटी-पास हथियाकर मैं उस रास्ते में घुस गया। मैं आगे बढ़ा जा रहा था कि तभी न जाने कहाँ से कुछ सुरक्षा प्रहरी आ गए। उन्होंने मुझे पकड़ कर जबरदस्ती घर पहुँचा दिया। माँ तो मेरी धुनाई करने वाली थी, पर पापा ने मुझे बचा लिया। उन्होंने ही बताया कि वह सुरंगनुमा रास्ता मंगल की। धरती के ऊपर जाता है। वहाँ एक आम आदमी बिना किसी सुरक्षा उपकरण के जीवित नहीं रह सकता। पहले हमारे पूर्वज वहीं रहा करते थे, लेकिन बाद में वातावरण में परिवर्तन आने से सब कुछ खतम हो गया और हमें धरती के नीचे घर बनाना पड़ा। यहाँ हमारा जीवन कुछ विशेष यंत्रों की सहायता पर टिका हुआ है। इन्हीं यंत्रों की देख-रेख का काम करने पापा उस सुरंगनुमा रास्ते से जाया करते हैं। एक दिन पापा मुझे अपना कंट्रोल रूम दिखाने ले गए। मैं बहुत खुश था। उन्होंने वहाँ कंप्यूटर स्क्रीन पर मुझे एक अंतरिक्ष यान दिखाया। वह किसी अनजान जगह से आया था और हमारे मंगल पर उतर गया था। किसी को उसके बारे में सही जानकारी नहीं थी। बस सब उसे देखे जा रहे थे। उस यान से एक मशीनी हाथ जैसा कुछ निकला। वह शायद मंगल की मिट्टी निकालना चाहता था, पर मेरा ध्यान वहाँ नहीं था। मैं तो कॉन्सोल पैनल पर लगे रंग-बिरंगे बटन देख रहा था। वहाँ लगा लाल बटन कितना सुन्दर था। मैं खुद को रोक नहीं पाया और मैंने उसे दबा दिया। तभी कहीं से घंटी की आवाज आई और पापा ने मुझे जोर से एक थप्पड़ मारा। मैं रो पड़ा। मेरी समझ में कुछ नहीं आया। थोड़ी देर में मैंने उन्हें बात करते सुना। उस अंतरिक्ष यान का मशीनी हाथ खराब हो गया था। सब साँस रोक कर उसे देख रहे थे। थोड़ी देर में वह अपने आप ही ठीक हो गया। उसने मंगल की मिट्टी उठाई और वापस उड़ कर चला गया। किसी को पता नहीं चला कि वह कहाँ से आया था और उसने हमारी मिट्टी ले जाकर उसका क्या किया।

भाषा की बात

प्रश्न 1.
‘वार्तालाप’ शब्द वार्ता + आलाप के योग से बना है। यहाँ वार्ता के अंत का ‘आ और ‘आलाप’ के आरंभ का ‘आ’ मिलने से जो परिवर्तन हुआ है, उसे संधि कहते हैं। नीचे लिखे कुछ शब्दों में किन शब्दों की संधि है

उत्तर

1. शिष्टाचार – शिष्ट + आचार
2. उत्तरांचल – उत्तर + अंचल
3. श्रद्धांजलि – श्रद्धा + अंजलि
4. सूर्यास्त – सूर्य + अस्त
5. दिनांक – दिन + अंक
6. अल्पाहार – अल्प् + आहार

प्रश्न 2.
कार्ड उठाते ही दरवाजा बंद हुआ।
• यह बात हम इस तरीके से भी कह सकते हैं जैसे ही कार्ड उठाया, दरवाज़ा बंद हो गया।
• ध्यान दो कि दोनों वाक्यों में क्या अंतर है। ऐसे वाक्यों के तीन जोड़े तुम स्वयं सोचकर लिखो।
उत्तर
(क) मेरे ऑफिस से निकलते ही बारिश शुरू हो गई।
(ख) मेरे स्टेशन पर पहुँचते ही गाड़ी चल दी।
(ग) घंटी बजते ही बच्चे स्कूल से निकल पड़े।
इसको इस प्रकार भी लिखा जा सकता है-
(क) जैसे ही ऑफिस से निकला, बारिश शुरू हो गई।
(ख) जैसे ही मैं स्टेशन पर पहुँचा, गाड़ी चल दी।
(ग) जैसे ही घंटी बजी, बच्चे स्कूल से निकल पड़े।

प्रश्न 3.
छोटू ने चारों तरफ़ नज़र दौड़ाई।
छोटू ने चारों तरफ़ देखा।
• उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में समानता होते हुए भी अंतर है। मुहावरे वाक्यों को विशिष्ट अर्थ देते हैं। ऐसा ही मुहावरा पहली पंक्ति में दिखाई देता है। नीचे दिए गए वाक्यांशों में नज़र के साथ अलग-अलग क्रियाओं का प्रयोग हुआ है, जिनसे मुहावरे बने हैं। इनके प्रयोग से वाक्य बनाओ
नज़र पड़ना                              नज़र रखना
नज़र आना                             नज़रें नीची होना
उत्तर

1. नज़र पड़ना- मैं बहुत दिनों से अपने पुराने मित्र की तालाश में था, आज अचानक ही मेरी उस पर नज़र पड़ गई।
2. नज़र रखना- थानेदार ने सिपाहियों को चोर की गतिविधियों पर नज़र रखने को कहा।
3. नजर आना- नेहा की आँखों से आजकल कम नजर आता है।
4. नज़रें नीची होना- पुत्र की काली करतूत से मेरी नज़रें नीची हो गई हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
नीचे एक ही शब्द के दो रूप दिए गए हैं। एक संज्ञा है और दूसरा विशेषण है। वाक्य बनाकर समझो और बताओ कि इनमें से कौन से शब्द संज्ञा हैं और कौन से विशेषण

उत्तर
संज्ञा – विशेषण
आकर्षण – आकर्षक
प्रभाव – प्रभावशाली
प्रेरणा – प्रेरक
प्रतिभा – प्रतिभाशाली

• आकर्षण- ताजमहल का आकर्षण मंत्रमुग्ध कर देता है। (यहाँ आकर्षण भाववाचक संज्ञा है।)
• आकर्षक- ताजमहल बहुत आकर्षक है। (यहाँ आकर्षक विशेषण है।)
• प्रभाव- आयुष का अपने क्षेत्र में प्रभाव है। (यहाँ प्रभाव संज्ञा है।)
• प्रभावशाली- नेहा काफ़ी प्रभावशाली लड़की है। (यहाँ प्रभावशाली विशेषण है।)
• प्रेरक- स्वामी विवेकानंद का व्यक्तित्व प्रेरक है। (यहाँ प्रेरक विशेषण है।)
• प्रेरणा- हमें सुभाष चंद्र के जीवन से देशभक्ति की प्रेरणा लेनी चाहिए। (यहाँ प्रेरणा संज्ञा है।)
• प्रतिभाशाली- डॉ० जगदीश चंद्र बोस एक प्रतिभाशाली व्यक्ति थे। (यहाँ प्रतिभाशाली विशेषण है)
• प्रतिभा- प्रत्येक बच्चे में कोई-न-कोई प्रतिभा छिपी रहती है।

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 6 पार नज़र के help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Hindi Vasant Chapter 6 पार नज़र के, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS (Pages 63-64)

Question 1.
Why did the children go to Yasmin Khala’s house?
Answer:
The four children had broken the street light while playing a game of cricket. They wanted to know to whom should they give them money for the replacement of the light. Yasmin Khala has just retired from the Municipal Corporation and she may be knowing the answer.

Question 2.
List four ways in which the work of the Municipal Corporation affects the life of a city-dweller.
Answer:
The Municipal Corporation affects the life of a city-dweller in several ways:

• It takes care of street lights.
• It ensures that diseases do not break out in the city.
• It runs schools, hospitals, and dispensaries.
• It takes care of garbage collection, water supply, keeping the streets and the market clean.

Question 3.
Who is the Municipal Councillor?
Answer:
Municipal Councillors are the elected members of the Municipal Corporation. They are elected by the registered voters of the city for five years.

Question 4.
What did Gangabai do and why?
Answer:
Gangabai and other women of her locality were very much unhappy to find garbage lying all over the street and spreading foul smell. One day she said that it is the Ward Councillor who they should go to and protest since they are the ones who elected him. She gathered a small group of women and went to his house to get their problems solved.

Question 5.
How does the Municipal Corporation earn the money to do its work?
Answer:
Municipal Corporation earns money to do its work by collecting several types of taxes. They include:

• Property tax.
• Taxes for education and other amenities.
• Entertainment tax.
• Other taxes.

Photo 1:

Photo 2:

Question 6.
Discuss:
In the above two photographs (Fig. 7.1 and 7.2) you see different ways of collecting and disposing of garbage.
(i) Which way do you think provides safety to the person disposing of garbage?
(ii) What are the dangers of collecting garbage in the manner shown in the first photograph?
(iii) Why do you think that proper ways of disposing of garbage are not available to those who work in municipalities?
Answer:
(i) The second photograph shows people pushing a trolley full of garbage is segregated is a Safefui way of disposing of garbage.
(ii) The dangers of collecting garbage in the manner shown in the first photograph are:

1. People are standing on the garbage heap and work with bare hands, they are exposed to all kinds of infections.
2. The stay cows and other animals are trying to find food and they also pollute the land.
3. The garbage is not segregated into degradable and non-degradable.
4. Pieces of broken glass can pierce the hands of the workers and there is a possibility HIV germs may enter the bodies.
5. The whole area is a filthy and polluted area which is a breeding ground for germs of all kinds of diseases.

(iii) The proper way of disposing of garbage are not available to those who work in the municipalities because:

1. Municipal Corporation does not provide gumboots and gloves to the workers.
2. The Corporation does not have garbage trucks that can automatically lift the garbage.
3. The Corporation does not provide enough landfills where the garbage can/be dumped.
4. The people are expected to segregate the degradable and non-degradable garbage, which is not done by them.

Question 7.
Several poor people in the city work as domestic servants as well as work for the Corporation, keeping the city clean. Yet the slums in which they live are quite filthy. This is because these slums seldom have any water and sanitation facilities. The reason often given by the Municipal Corporation is that the land in which the poor have set up their homes does not belong to them and that slum-dwellers do not pay taxes. However, people living in middle-class neighborhoods pay very little in taxes compared to the amount of money the corporation spends on them in setting up parks, street lighting facilities, regular garbage collection etc. Also as you read in this chapter, the property taxes collected by the Municipality makes up only 25-30 percent of its money.

Why do you think it is important that the Corporation should spend more money on slum localities? Why is it important that the Municipal Corporation provide the poor in the city with the same facilities that the rich get?
Answer:

• It is important that the corporation should spend more money on slum localities because the major workforce lives in these colonies. They work so hard that the economic activities of the city-run smoothly. Hence, adequate money should be spent on slum locations.
• It is also important that municipal corporation provides the poor in the city with the same facilities that the rich get because of the following reasons:
  • God has sent both poor and rich as one and the same.
  • Poor constitutes the major workforce. Health needs to be cared for.
  • They must be hale and hearty.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Have you ever wondered who is responsible for running all this (civic amenities)? (NCERT Page 57)
Answer:
Yes, we have ever wondered that these services are run by the urban administration.

Question 2.
Do you know how decisions are made? (NCERT Page 57)
Answer:
Yes, decisions are made by the urban administrative machinery.

Question 3.
How is the planning done? (NCERT Page 57)
Answer:
Planning is done by a set procedure.

Question 4.
Who are the people who do all these works? (NCERT Page 57)
Answer:
The people who do all these works are the officers, officials and the elected representatives of the civic body.

Question 5.
Read the following story and answer the questions that follow it:
One lazy Sunday afternoon Mala and her friends Shankar, Jehangir and Rehana were playing a game of cricket in the street.
Shankar had bowled a good over and although he nearly managed to get Rehana out, she was still batting. Frustrated, he bowled a short ball and hoped she would hit it for an easy catch. Instead, Rehana hit the ball so hard and so high that the street light broke.

Rehana screamed, “Oh no, look what I’ve done!” Shankar said, “Yes! we forgot to make a rule that if you break the street light you are automatically out.” But Mala, Jehangir and Rehana were more worried about what had happened and they told Shankar he’d better stop thinking about the wicket. Last week they had broken Nirmala Mausi’s window and had spent their pocket money to have it replaced.

1. Would they have to dish out money again from their pockets?
2. But who would they pay this to?
3. To whom did the lights on the streets belong?
4. Who changed them? (NCERT Page 57)

Answer:

1. Yes, they would have to dish out money again from their pockets.
2. But they would not pay this to any person, as there is no rule for the damage caused to light on the streets.
3. The lights on the streets belong to the civic body (Municipal Corporation).
4. The electricity department of the civic body changed them. In Pune it is the Municipal Corporation.

Question 6.
Rehana’s house was the closest and they ran and told her mother what had happened. Rehana’s mother said, “I don’t really know these things in great detail but I do know that it is the Municipal Corporation of the city that takes care of replacing lights. The best person to ask would be Yasmin Khala. She just retired from the Municipal Corporation. Go and ask her, and Rehana come back home soon.”

Yasmin Khala lived in the same lane and she and Rehana’s mother were good friends. The children ran to Khala’s house and when she opened the door they began to tell her what had happened all at once! When they asked about the street light, Yasmin Khala laughed and said, “There is no one person that you can pay the money to. There is a big organisation called the Municipal Corporation that takes care of street lights, garbage collection, water supply, keeping the streets and the market clean.”

“I’ve heard about the Municipal Corporation. They’ve put up signs around the city to inform people about Malaria,” said Mala.
“Yes, you are quite right. The Municipal Corporation is also responsible for ensuring that diseases do not break out in the city. It also runs schools, hospitals, and dispensaries. And makes gardens and maintains them,” said Yasmin Khala. Then she added, “Our city Pune is a big city and so here it is called a Municipal Corporation. In smaller towns, it is called a Municipal Council.”
List at least four different tasks that the Municipality does: (NCERT Pages 57-58)
Answer:
List of four different tasks that the Municipality does:

1. Care of street lights, garbage collection, water supply, keeping the streets and markets clean.
2. Eradication of malaria and taking care not to break out diseases.
3. Running of schools, hospitals, and dispensaries.
4. Making and maintenance of gardens and parks.

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below:

1. In a panchayat, the elected members are called ………..
2. The city is divided into several …….
3. In a municipal corporation, the elected members are called …………
4. Groups of councilors deal with issues that affect the ……….
5. Elections are held once every ……….. year for the panchayat as well as for the municipality.
6. While the councilors make decisions the administrative staff led by the Commissioner ……….. these. (NCERT Page 59)

Answer:

1. Panch
2. wards
3. ward councilors
4. entire city
5. five
6. Municipal Corporation, execute/implement.

Question 8.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 59)
How does the Municipal Corporation get its money?
Answer:

• Providing and running so many services requires a lot of money.
• The Municipal Corporation collects this in different ways:
  • A tax is a sum of money that people pay to the government for the services the government provides.
    • People who own homes have to pay a property tax as well as taxes for water/ sewerage and other services.
    • The larger the house the more is the tax.
    • Property taxes however form only 25-30 percent of the money that a Municipal Corporation earns.
  • There are also taxes for education and other amenities.
  • If you own a hotel or shop then you have to pay a tax for this as well.
  • Also, you have to pay entertainment tax for seeing movies etc.
  • A much wider population pays more general taxes.
    Thus, money comes to the Municipal Corporation through various taxes.

Question 9.
Does a municipal corporation have a lot of workers?
Answer:
Yes, Municipal Corporation has several departments. Every department has numerous workers. These departments are:

• Water Department in the case of Delhi, Delhi Jal Board, though a separate autonomous body.
• Garbage Collection Department.
• Garden (Horticulture) Department.
• Roads Department (PWD).
• Sanitation Department.

Question 10.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 61)
What has changed since Khala retired?
Answer:

• In recent times, in order to save money, the Commissioners of several municipalities across the country had hired private contractors to collect and process garbage. This is called Sub-Contracting. This means that the work that was earlier being done by government workers is now being done by a private company.
• These contract workers get paid less and their jobs are temporary and casual.
• Collecting garbage is also quite a dangerous job and often these contract workers do not have any access to safety measures.
• They are not taken care of if they are injured while working.

Question 11.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 61)

1. What was Gangabai protesting about?
2. Why do you think Gangabai decided to approach the Ward Councillor?
3. What did Gangabai say when the Commissioner said that there were not enough trucks in the city?

Answer:

1. Gangabai was protesting against the lying of garbage all over the streets.
2. Gangabai decided to approach the ward councillor to get his support for protesting against the unsanitary conditions in the locality.
3. Gangabai said that the corporation had enough trucks to remove garbage from the colonies of the rich and not for the colonies of the poor and middle class. Hearing this, the commissioner became speechless.

Question 12.
An Event Box: (NCERT Page 61)
The city of Surat had a plague scare in 1994. Surat was one of the dirtiest cities in India. Houses, hotels and restaurants would dump their garbage into the nearest drain or street which made it very difficult for sweepers to collect and transfer the garbage into selected dumps. In addition to this, the Municipal Council did not collect the garbage as often as it should have and this led to the situation getting worse. The plague spreads through the air and people who have the disease have to he isolated. In Surat, several people lost their lives, and over 300,000 deserted the town. The scare of the plague ensured that the municipal council completely cleaned up the city. To this date, Surat continues to remain the second cleanest city in India after Chandigarh.

1. Do you know when and how often garbage gets collected in your neighbourhood?
2. Do you think it is the same for all neighbourhoods in the city? Why not? Discuss.

Answer:

1. We know that
   • Garbage gets collected early in the morning.
   • It is collected through a mobile truck which goes on from house to house giving whistle.
2. I think it is the same for all neighbourhoods in the city. It must be the same for r all localities.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration helps you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.