Prasanna

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 7 Civics Chapter 5 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 7 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 5 SST Women Change The World will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Growing Up as Boys and Girls Class 7 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 5

CBSE Class 7 Civics Chapter 5 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. Many people believe that women make better nurses because they are more patient and gentle.

2. It is believed that science requires a technical mind and girls and women are not capable of dealing with technical things.

3. Many people believe in stereotypes and many girls do not get the same support that boys do to study and train to become doctors and engineers. In most families, once girls finish school, they are encouraged by their families to see marriage as their main aim in life.

4. In the story of Laxmi Lakra who belonged from a poor tribal family of Jharkhand became first engine driver in Northern Railways. She was girl and also poor but she got diploma in electronics and then passed the railway board exam in first attempt.

5. All children of our society face pressures from the world around them.

6. It is difficult for us to imagine that school and learning could be seen as “out of bounds” or not appropriate for some children.

7. In the past, the skill of reading and writing were known to only a few. Most children learnt the work their families or elders did.

8. In communities that taught sons to read and write, daughters were not allowed to learn the alphabet. Even in the families where skills like pottery, weaving and craft were taught, the contribution of daughters and women was only seen as supportive.

9. Earlier, there was lots of opposition to educating girls. But in the nineteenth century, many new ideas about education and learning emerged, school became more common and those whose ancestors never learnt reading and writing have started sending their children to school.

10. Rashundari Devi was a housewife from a rich landlord’s family. At that time, it was believed that if a woman learnt to read and write, she would bring bad luck to her husband and become a widow. About 200 years ago, at the age of 60, she wrote her autobiography in Bangla. Her book titled Amar Jiban is the first known autobiography written by an Indian woman.

11. On the basis of data received from census, the literacy rate is determined once every in 10 years. In the most recent census of 2001, these figures have grown to 76 per cent for boys and men, and 54 per cent for girls and women.

12. It has been noticed that SC, ST and Adivasi backgrounds girls leave school at a rate that is higher than , the category ‘All Girls’. However, this gap is reducing but has not gone away.

13. The 2001 census also found that Muslim girls are less likely, than Dalit and Adivasi girls, to complete primary school. There are several reasons why children from Dalit, Adivasi and Muslim communities leave school.

14. Especially in rural and poor areas there may not even be proper schools and or teachers who teach on a regular basis. Due to the transport unavailability, unable to bear the cost of educating all their children, boys may get preference in this situation.

15. Many children also leave school because they are discriminated against by their teacher and classmates.

16. There are other spheres such as – legal, violence and health, where the situation of women and girls has improved. These changes have not happened automatically. Women individually and collectively have struggled to bring about these changes. This struggle is known as the Women’s Movement. Many men support the women’s movement.

17. Different strategies have been used to spread awareness, fight Campaigning, raising awareness, protesting, showing solidarity etc., are some of the important struggles under women movements activities. An important part of the women’s movement is fight against discrimination and violence including domestic and mental violence.

18. Efforts made by the women’s movement led the Supreme Court to formulate guidelines in 1997 to protect women against sexual harassment at the workplace and within educational institutions.

Growing Up as Boys and Girls Class 7 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Stereotype: When we believe that people belonging to particular groups are bound to have certain fixed characteristics or can only do a certain type of work.

Discrimination: When we do not treat people equally or with respect it is called discrimination.

Violation: When someone forcefully breaks the law or rule or openly shows disrespect he has committed a violation.

Sexual harassment: This refers to physical or verbal behaviour that is of a sexual nature and against the wishes of a woman.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 7 Civics Chapter 4 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 7 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 4 SST Growing Up as Boys and Girls will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Growing Up as Boys and Girls Class 7 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 4

CBSE Class 7 Civics Chapter 4 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. The societies in which we grow up teach us about kind of behaviour which is acceptable for girls and boys.

2. Societies also teach us what boys and girls can or cannot do.

3. Samoan Islands is a southern part of the Pacific Ocean. The children of Samoan society did not go to school in the 1920s. Being the young people, therefore, they learnt many things at different points in their childhood. They learnt to take care of children or do household work, fishing, coconut plantation.

4. Girls had to continue looking after small children or do errands for adults till they were teenagers. Once they became teenagers they had much more freedom. After the age of 14 or so, girls also went on fishing trips, worked in the plantations, and learnt how to weave baskets. In the cooking boys were supposed to do most of the work while girls helped with the preparations.

5. In Madhya Pradesh boys and girls went to separate schools. The schools of girls and boys were designed very differently from each other. The girls always went in groups, perhaps because they also carried fears of being teased or attacked.

6. A clear distinction between boys and girls can be seen from a very young age. Boys are usually given cars, gun while girls are given dolls, utensils etc., to play with. It is because of telling children that they will have different futures and they have specific roles to play when they grow up to be men and women.

7. Most of the people do not feel that housework is a real work. In our societies housework is undertaken by the women. Housework involves various works such as cooking, cleaning, wash-up, care-giving to the children, elderly and sick members and these lie with women. The work that women do within the home is not recognized as work.

8. A lot of work is done by domestic workers in many homes, particularly in towns and cities. They do sweeping and cleaning, washing clothes and dishes, cooking, looking after young children or the elderly.

9. Most domestic workers are women and sometimes these may be young boys or girls. Even these domestic workers are not treated with little respect. They are working hard from early morning to late night. In many cases they are not permitted to eat completely.

10. Housework actually involves different tasks. Many of these require heavy physical works such as to fetch water, carry heavy head-loads, lifting and carrying articles etc., and in most of the cases these tasks are undertaken by the domestic workers.

Growing Up as Boys and Girls Class 7 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Identity: Identity is a sense of self-awareness of who one is. Typically, a person can have several identi­ties. For example, person can be a girl, a sister and a musician.

Double-burden: Literally, it means a double load. This term is commonly used to describe the women’s work situation; their outside and inside the homework.

Care-giving: Caregiving refers to a range of tasks related to looking after and nurturing.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 7 Civics Chapter 3 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 7 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 3 SST How the State Government Works will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

How the State Government Works Class 7 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 3

CBSE Class 7 Civics Chapter 3 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. Government works at three levels-local, state and national.

2. Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) are elected by the people. MLA of the area represents people.

3. Every state in India has a Legislative Assembly. Each state is divided into different areas or constituencies of MLAs and MPs.

4. Different political parties stand their candidates in the elections. The independent candidates can also fight as an independent candidate.

5. A political party whose MLAs win more than half the number of constituencies in a state can be said to be in a majority.

6. A political party whose MLAs have won more than half the number of constituencies in a state can said to be in a majority. The majority of a single party or groups of parties together can form government. This party is called ruling party and all other members who do not support or participate in the government are called opposition.

7. The MLAs belonging to the ruling party will elect their leader who will become the chief minister. The chief minister then selects other people as ministers. It is the Governor of the state who appoints the chief minister and other ministers.

8. The chief minister and other ministers have the responsibility of running various government departments or ministries.

9. A Legislative Assembly is a place where all the MLAs meet to discuss various issues. All the members of Legislative Assembly meet in the Assembly and can express their opinions and ask questions related to the issue or give suggestions. The concern minister then replies to the questions and tries to assure the Assembly that adequate steps are being taken.

10. The decisions taken in the Legislative Assembly have to be approved by the members of the legislative assembly.

11. The government take action through various departments like the Public Works Department (PWD), the Agriculture Department, the Health Department, the Education Department and so on. Ministers are head of these departments, who are also member of Legislative Assembly and elected by the people.

12. In a democracy, there are various ways through which people express their views and also take action. Not only in the Legislative Assembly but also through the TV channels, newspapers, periodicals and other organizations, the government functioning, policies etc, are regularly discussed.

13. Organization of ‘press conference’ is also a medium to express about the policies and functioning of a department or ministry of government. In a ‘press conference’ a press note is issued to the print and electronic media for the wide circulation to the mass.

14. On any matter, which affects a government it may form a committee. After looking at various aspects of the problem or issue, the committee submit its report to the government and then government may adopt it as a whole or partially. Accordingly, the action is taken on report of the committee.

15. The main work of the government is to implement its laws, rules, regulation and policies made in various fields. The government may amend, modify in the laws, rules, regulation and policies or can make new one, so that an effective system may run and most of the people can get the benefit of government policies.

How the State Government Works Class 7 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Constituency: A particular area of voters from which they chose their representative.

Majority: Majority represents to more than half members of the Assembly.

Ruling party: Party which makes government. Press conference To call a gathering of journalists from the media for reporting purpose

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 7 Civics Chapter 2 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 7 Social Science Notes Civics Chapter 2 SST Role of the Government in Health will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Role of the Government in Health Class 7 Notes Social Science Civics Chapter 2

CBSE Class 7 Civics Chapter 2 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. In a democracy people expect the government to work for their welfare. This could be through the provision of various aspects including health.

2. The health has many dimensions. One dimension is our ability to remain free of illness and injuries. Apart from the disease, we need to think of other factors that affect our health such as clean drinking water, pollution free environment, cleanliness around us.

3. t is also not considered healthy to be dull, inactive, anxious or scared for long stretches of time. We all need to be without mental strain.

4. India has the largest number of medical colleges in the world and is among the largest producer of doctors.

5. In the year 1950 India has only 2,217 hospitals while in the year 2000 there were 18,218 hospitals in India.

6. India gets a large number of medical tourists from many countries. It means in India we have best hospitals in the world.

7. India is the fourth largest producer of medicines in the world and is also a large exporter of medicines.

8. Apart from the largest number of medical colleges, doctors, hospitals and as a high producer of medicines there are many adverse situations in the country in this regard. The number of doctors with respect to population is much less in rural areas. About five lakh people die from tuberculosis every year, almost two million cases of malaria are reported every year. Unavailability of drinking water to all and water-borne diseases such as diarrhoea, worms, hepatitis etc., are found. About half of all children in India are undernourished.

9. Various health care facilities can be divided into two categories-

• Public health services and
• Private health facilities.

10. Public health services are run by governments both in urban and rural areas. The government has established these hospitals and health centres in order to provide health care to all citizens. These hospitals provide health care services either free or at a low cost, so that even the poor can seek treatment.

11. The health care services provided by the doctors from their own resources are called Private health facilities. In other words, private health facilities are not owned or controlled by the government. There are many hospitals, nursing homes; laboratories etc., that are being run by the private health provider. There are large companies that run hospitals and some are engaged in manufacturing and selling medicines.

12. A wide range of private health facilities exist in our country. A large number of doctors run their own private clinics.

13. Registered Medical Practitioners (RMPs) are found in the rural areas. In the cities we can see a large number of reputed and specialist doctors of many fields.

14. Adequate healthcare is not available to all in the country. About 80% of the population cannot afford all the medicines, it means only 20% people are capable to afford the cost of medical facilities. The poor people are totally dependent on the public or government health care services.

15. The health care situation of most people in our country is not good for the poor and the disadvantaged citizens.

16. In the field of drinking water, food, women development, education and health etc. the State Govt, of Kerala made efforts. In 1996, the Kerala Govt, provisioned 40% of the entire budget for panchayats to provide various facilities for the rural people.

17. The Costa Rica is considered to be one of the healthiest countries in South America. The government re­duced the expenses on the army and this amount was spent on health, education and other basic needs of the people.

18. The Costa Rica government provides safe drinking water, sanitation, nutrition and housing. Health edu­cation is also considered very important and knowledge about health is an essential part of education at all level.

Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Public healthcare services: Healthcare services provided by government.

Private healthcare services: Healthcare services provided without government support.

Medical tourists: Patients who come for treatment from other countries.

Communicable diseases: These are diseases that are spread from one person to another in many ways such as through water, food, air etc.

OPD: OPD stands ‘Out-Patient Department’, where people are first brought in and treated in a hospital without being admitted to any special ward.

Living standard: Overall living status.