Murali

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 6 भगवान के डाकिए are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 6 भगवान के डाकिए.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 6 भगवान के डाकिए

प्रश्न-अभ्यास
(पाठ्यपुस्तक से)

कविता से

प्रश्न 1. कवि ने पक्षी और बादल को भगवान के डाकिए क्यों बताया है? स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर :
पक्षी और बादल को भगवान के डाकिए इसलिए बताया गया है क्योंकि
(क) पक्षी और बादल वह चिट्ठियाँ लाते हैं, जिसमें भगवान द्वारा भेजा गया संदेश होता है।
(ख) ये इंसानी डाकियों के विपरीत मनुष्य द्वारा बनाई सीमा में बँधकर काम नहीं करते हैं।
(ग) इनकी लाई चिट्ठियों को मनुष्य नहीं पढ़ पाता है। इन चिट्ठियाँ को पेड़, पर्वत, पौधे, पानी तथा पहाड़ पढ़ते हैं।
(घ) इनमें निहित संदेश किसी व्यक्ति विशेष के लिए न होकर सारे संसार के लिए होता है। दूसरे शब्दों में ये विश्वबंधुत्व को संदेश फैलाते हैं।

प्रश्न 2. पक्षी और बादल द्वारा लाई गई चिट्ठियों को कौन-कौन पढ़ पाते हैं? सोचकर लिखिए।
उत्तर :
पक्षी और बादल द्वारा लाई गई चिट्ठियों को मनुष्य नहीं पढ़ पाते हैं। इन चिट्ठियों को प्रकृति के विभिन्न अंग पेड़, पौधे, पहाड़, पानी आदि पढ़ पाते हैं।

प्रश्न 3. किन पंक्तियों का भाव है
(क) पक्षी और बादल प्रेम, सद्भाव और एकता का संदेश एक देश से दूसरे देश को भेजते हैं।
(ख) प्रकृति देश-देश में भेदभाव नहीं करती। एक देश से उठा बादल दूसरे देश में बरस जाता है।
उत्तर :

(क)
पक्षी और बादल,
ये भगवान के डाकिए हैं,
जो एक महादेश से
दूसरे महादेश को जाते हैं।
हम तो समझ नहीं पाते हैं।
मगर उनकी लाई चिट्ठियाँ
पेड़, पौधे, पानी और पहाड़
बाँचते हैं।

(ख)
एक देश की धरती दूसरे
देश को सुंगध भेजती है।
और वह सौरभ हवा में तैरते हुए
पक्षियों की पाँखों पर तिरता है।
और एक देश का भाप
दूसरे देश में पानी
बनकर गिरता है।

प्रश्न 4. पक्षी और बादल की चिट्ठियों में पेड़-पौधे, पानी और पहाड़ क्या पढ़ पाते हैं?
उत्तर :
पक्षी और बादल की लाई चिट्ठियों में पौधे, पेड़, पानी और पहाड़ यह पढ़ पाते हैं कि प्रकृति में उनके आस-पास जो सौरभ उड़ रहा है तथा जल जो वाष्प रूप में चारों ओर विद्यमान है, उसे दूर-दूर तक पहुँचाना है। इस काम का प्रसार दूर-दूर तक अन्य देशों में भी चाहिए। इस कार्य को बिना किसी भेदभाव के स्वच्छंदतापूर्वक संपन्न करना है।

प्रश्न 5. “एक देश की धरती दूसरे देश को सुगंध भेजती है”-कथन का भाव स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर :
‘एक देश की धरती दूसरे देश को सुगंध भेजती है’ पंक्ति का भाव यह है कि धरती के लिए इसे पृथ्वी के सभी मनुष्य एक समान हैं। वे कहीं के भी वासी क्यों न हो। प्रकृति (धरती) स्थान का भेदभाव किए बिना अपने-पराए की भावना से ऊपर उठकर सुगंध भेजती है। इस सुगंध में प्रेम, एकता, सद्भाव तथा समानता का संदेश छिपा होता है।

पाठ से आगे

प्रश्न 1. पक्षी और बादल की चिट्ठियों के आदान-प्रदान को आप किस दृष्टि से देख सकते हैं?
उत्तर :
पक्षी और बादल की चिट्ठियों के आदान-प्रदान को हम प्रेम, एकता, समानता और सद्भाव के आदान-प्रदान के रूप में देखते हैं। इन चिट्ठियों में भगवान द्वारा भेजा गया संदेश छिपा होता है, जिसे हम समझ पाने में असमर्थ होते हैं। भगवान का यह संदेश किसी जाति, धर्म, संप्रदाय, स्थान विशेष पर रहने वालों के लिए नहीं बल्कि संपूर्ण विश्व के लोगों के लिए होता है।

प्रश्न 2. आज विश्व में कहीं भी संवाद भेजने और पाने का एक बड़ा साधन इंटरनेट है। पक्षी और बादल की चिट्ठियों की तुलना इंटरनेट से करते हुए दस पंक्तियाँ लिखिए।
उत्तर :
पक्षी और बादल द्वारा लाई गई चिट्ठियों में भगवान द्वारा भेजा गया संदेश होता है, क्योंकि ये चिट्ठियाँ भगवान की होती हैं। इन चिट्ठियों को मनुष्य नहीं पढ़ पाता है। इनको प्रकृति के विभिन्न अंग पेड़, पौधे, पानी और पहाड़ पढ़ पाते हैं। इन चिट्ठियों में निहित संदेश किसी व्यक्ति या स्थान विशेष पर रहने वालों के लिए नहीं होता है। सामान्यतया इनमें विश्वबंधुत्व, प्रेम, सद्भाव तथा एकता का संदेश निहित होता है। इसके विपरीत इंटरनेट वर्तमान में प्रचलित संचार के साधनों में प्रमुख है। यह विज्ञान की अद्भुत खोज है। जिसकी मदद से संदेश भेजा तथा प्राप्त किया जा सकता है। इससे व्यक्ति अपने जान-पहचान वालों को जब चाहे, जहाँ चाहे संदेशों का आदान-प्रदान कर सकता है। ये संदेश नितांत निजी होते हैं, जिन्हें आसानी से पढ़ा जा सकता है। इससे संदेशों का आदान-प्रदान तुरंत हो जाता है।

प्रश्न 3. हमारे जीवन में डाकिए की भूमिका’ क्या है? इस विषय पर दस वाक्य लिखिए।
उत्तर :
डाकिया वह सरकारी कर्मचारी होता है जिसका हमारे जीवन से घनिष्ठ संबंध होता है। वह पत्र, मनीऑर्डर आदि हम तक पहुँचाता है, जिसका इंतजार हम सभी को होता है। डाकिए का महत्त्व आज के दौर में और भी बढ़ जाता है। जब संयुक्त परिवार टूट रहे हैं, और लोग अपनी रोटी-रोजी के लिए दूरदराज शहरों में बस रहे हैं। वह हमारे प्रियजनों, निकट संबंधियों की सभी खबरें लाता है जो कभी तो मनुष्य को खुशी से भर देती हैं तो कभी गम के सागर में डुबो देती हैं हमारी अर्थव्यवस्था में मनीऑर्डर के महत्त्व को ग्रामीण लोगों से बेहतर भला कौन समझ सकता है। दूरदराज तथा ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में मनीऑर्डर हेतु डाकिए की राह देखी जाती है कि कब वह ‘देवदूत’ आए और घरों का चूल्हा जले। इसके अलावा वे अपनी अनेक आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिए भी डाकिए का इंतजार करते हैं। इस प्रकार हम कह सकते हैं कि डाकिए का हमारे जीवन में महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका है।

अनुमान और कल्पना

प्रश्न 1. डाकिया इंटरनेट के वर्ल्ड वाइड वेब (डब्ल्यू.डब्ल्यू.डब्ल्यू: www) तथा पक्षी और बादल-इस तीनों संदेश वाहकों के विषय में अपनी कल्पना से एक लेख तैयार कीजिए। ‘चिट्ठियों की अनूठी दुनिया’ पाठ का सहयोग ले सकते
उत्तर :
छात्र स्वयं करें।

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 10 Kathmandu are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 10 Kathmandu.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 10 Kathmandu

TEXTBOOK EXERCISES
(Page 131)

THINKING ABOUT THE TEXT
Activity
1. On the following map mark out the route, which the author thought of but did not take, to Delhi.

Answer
Route is shown by dotted line

1. Kathmandu to Patna by bus & train
2. Patna to Allahabad by boat/Ganges
3. Allahabad to Delhi by boat/Yamuna

2. Find out the possible routes (by rail, road or air) from Kathmandu to New Delhi! Mumbai / Kolkata / Chennai.

Answer
For self-attempt. Students may take the Atlas of the country and see or find themselves the air, road routes from Kathmandu to New Delhi/Mumbai/Kolkata/Chennai.
Some possible routes are :
By Road

1.  Kathmandu – Viratnagar – Patna
2.  Kathmandu – Nepalganj – Gorakhpur

By Rail

1. Patna – Delhi
2. Gorakhpur – Delhi
3. Patna – Kolkata
4. Gorakhpur – Varanasi – Kolkata
5. Patna – Allahabad – Mumbai
6. Gorakhpur – Allahabad – Mumbai
7. Patna – Khadagpur – Chennai
8. Gorakhpur – Allahabad – Nagpur – Chennai

I. Answer these questions in one or two words or in short phrases.

1. Name the two temples the author visited in Kathmandu.
2. The writer says, “All this I wash down with Coca Cola.” What does ‘all this’ refer to ?
3. What does Vikram Seth compare to the quills of a porcupine ?
4. Name five kinds of flutes.

Answers

1. These two temples are : Pashupatinath and Baudhnath stupa.
2. It is : com-on-the-cob and marzipan.
3. He compares flutes tied on the top of the flute seller’s pole to the quills of a porcupine.
4. These are : the reed neh, the recorder, the Japanese shakuhachi, the deep bansuri, the breathy flutes of South America, the high-pitched Chinese flutes.

II. Answer each question in a short paragraph.
1. What difference does the author note between the flute seller and the other hawkers ?
Or
What is the difference between the behaviour of the flute seller and that of the other hawkers ? (CBSE)
2. What is the belief at Pashupatinath about the end ofKaliyug ?
3. The author has drawn powerful images and pictures. Pick out three examples each of
(i) the atmosphere of‘febrile confusion’ outside the temple of Pashupatinath (for example: some people trying to get the priest’s attention are elbowed aside…)
(ii) the things he sees
(iii) the sounds he hears.

Answers
1. The author sees the difference in how they are sold. Other sellers cry out their wares to sell. But the flute seller sells his wares in an off – handed way.

2. It is that when the small shrine on Bagmati river comes out fully, the goddess inside will escape. Then the Kaliyug will end on the earth.

3. (i) Monkeys fight among themselves. They jump on to a shivalinga. They run round the temples. They make a noise and show their teeth. Priests, hawkers, devotees, cows, pigeons, dogs roam here and there.
(ii) The author sees people, animals and birds roaming here and there. A princess of the Nepalese royal house appears. All bow and make way. He also sees a party of saffron-clad Westerners. They struggle to enter the temple.
(iii) He hears the sounds of songs. Cows low and vendors shout out their wares. He hears these sounds. He finds the flute sound of the flute seller sweet and melodious.

III. Answer the following questions in not more than 100-150 words each.
1. Compare and contrast the atmosphere in and around the Baudhnath shrine with the Pashupatinath temple. (CBSE) (Imp.)
Or
How does Vikram Seth find the atmosphere in and around the Baudhnath stupa quite in contrast to that of the Pashupatinath shrine ? (CBSE)
2. How does the author describe Kathmandu’s busiest streets ?
Or
What observations does the author make about the Kathmandu bazaar ? (CBSE)
3. “To hear any flute is to be drawn into the commonality of all mankind.” Why does the author say this ?
(V. Imp.)

Answers
1. The atmosphere in and around Baudhnath shrine offers a contrast’to that of the Pashupatinath temple. At Pashupatinath, the atmosphere is of febrile confusion. But at Baudhnath stupa there is stillness. At the road outside the Pashupatinath temple, it is all disorder and disquiet. Some people try to enter the temple. A policeman stops them.

He sees that they are not Hindus. Monkeys fight and chase each other. One monkey jumps on to a shivalinga. Then he runs screaming around the temples. The river Bagmati flows below the temple. The old offerings of flowers and leaves are dropped into it. On the other hand, the big dome of Baudhnath stupa is ringed by a road. But there are no crowds there.

बौद्धनाथ मंदिर के अंदर और आस-पास का वातावरण पशुपतिनाथ मंदिर के वातावरण के बिल्कुल विपरीत है। पशुपतिनाथ के आस-पास उत्तेजनापूर्ण अस्तव्यस्तता का वातावरण है। परन्तु बौद्धनाथ स्तूप के पास शांति छायी हुई है। पशुपति नाथ मंदिर के बाहर सड़क पर सर्वत्र अव्यवस्था और अशांति है। कुछ लोग अंदर प्रवेश पाने के इच्छुक हैं। एक पुलिस का सिपाही उन्हें रोकता है। वह देखता है कि वे हिन्दू नहीं हैं। बंदर लड़ते और एक-दूसरे का पीछा करते हैं। एक बंदर एक शिवलिंग पर चढ़ जाता है। वह फिर चीखता हुआ मंदिरों के आस-पास भागता रहता है। मंदिर के नीचे बागमती नदी बहती है। इसमें पहले चढाये गये फूल और पत्ते बहा दिये जाते हैं। दूसरी ओर बौद्धनाथ स्तूप के चारों तरफ एक गोल सड़क है। परंतु वहाँ पर भीड़ नहीं है।

2. The streets of Kathmandu are full of life. These are full of small shops and vendors. They sell things of tourists’ interest. There are fruit sellers, flute sellers, hawkers of picture postcards and shops. These shops sell Western cosmetics. There are other shops also there. From them you can get film rolls and chocolates, or copper utensils and Nepalese antiques.

There is much noise. Radios blare out film music, car horns sound and bicycle bells ring. Stray cows low. Vendors shout out their wares. The author bought a roasted corn-cob from the pavement. He also bought a sweet dish, an orange drink and coca- cola. In fact, the bazaar is like a fair.

काठमांडू की गलियाँ जीवन से भरी हैं। ये छोटी-छोटी दुकानों और फेरी वालों से भरी हैं। वे यात्रियों की रुचि का सामान बेचते हैं। फल बेचने वाले, बाँसुरी वाले, तस्वीरों वाले पोस्टकार्ड के विक्रेता और दुकानें हैं। ये दुकानें पश्चिमी सौंदर्य प्रसाधन बेचती हैं। वहाँ पर कुछ अन्य दुकानें भी हैं। वहाँ से आप फिल्मों की रीलें और चाकलेट या फिर ताँबे के बर्तन और नेपाली पुरावस्तुएँ प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।
चारों तरफ शोर ही शोर है। रेडियो से ऊँची आवाज में फिल्म-संगीत बजता है ; कारों के हार्न और साइकिल की घंटियाँ बजती हैं। आवारा गायें रँभाती हैं। फेरी वाले ऊँची आवाज में अपना माल बेचते हैं। लेखक ने पगडण्डी से एक भुट्टा खरीदा। उसने एक मिठाई, एक संतरी पेय पदार्थ और कोका कोला भी लिया। वास्तव में यह बाजार एक मेले जैसा है।

3. The author says so due to various reasons. For him or for anybody flute music is the most universal. It is also the most particular of sounds. The flute seller doesn’t sell one type of flutes only. Every culture has its own flute. They are different from each other. The flute seller does not shout out his wares. He simply plays different tunes on his flute. When he plays, the sound affects each and everyone. It touches everyone’s heart. So that way the author is drawn into the commonality of all mankind.

लेखक कई कारणों से ऐसा कहता है। उसके लिए या किसी के लिए बाँसुरी का संगीत अत्यधिक सार्वभौमिक है। आवाजों में यह अत्यधिक खास भी है। बाँसुरी विक्रेता एक ही प्रकार की बाँसुरी नहीं बेचता। हरेक संस्कृति की अपनी ही एक बाँसुरी है। वे एक दूसरी से भिन्न हैं। बाँसुरी विक्रेता चिल्ला कर अपना माल नहीं बेचता। वह सिर्फ अपनी बाँसुरी पर तरह-तरह की धुनें निकालता है। जब वह बजाता है तो आवाज हरेक व्यक्ति को प्रभावित करती है। यह सभी का दिल छू लेती है। इस प्रकार इस तरीके से लेखक मानवता के समाज में खिंचा चला आता है।

THINKING ABOUT LANGUAGE
I. Read the following sentences carefully to understand the meaning of the italicised phrases. Then match the phrasal verbs in Column A with their meanings in Column B.

1. A communal war broke out when the princess was abducted by the neighbouring prince.
2. The cockpit broke o/f from the plane during the plane crash.
3. The car broke down on the way and we were left stranded in the jungle.
4. The dacoit broke away from the police as they took him to court.
5. The brothers broke up after the death of the father.
6. The thief broke into our house when we were away.

Answer

II. 1. Use the suffixes -ion or -tion to form nouns from the following verbs. Make the necessary changes in the spellings of the words.
Example : proclaim – proclamation

1. cremate ……
2. act ……..
3. exhaust …….
4. invent …….
5. tempt …….
6. immigrate …….
7. direct …….
8. meditate ……..
9. imagine ……..
10. dislocate …….
11. associate ……..
12. dedicate ……..

Answer

1. cremation
2. action
3. exhaustion
4. invention
5. temptation
6. immigration
7. direction
8. meditation
9. imagination
10. dislocation
11. association
12. dedication

2. Now fill in the blanks with suitable words from the ones that you have formed.

1. Mass literacy was possible only after the …….. of the printing machine.
2. Ramesh is unable to tackle the situation as he lacks …….. .
3. I could not resist the …….. to open the letter.
4. Hardwork and ………. are the main keys to success.
5. The children were almost fainting with ………. after being made to stand in the sun.

Answer

1. invention
2. imagination
3. temptation
4. dedication
5. exhaustion.

III. Punctuation
Use capital letters, full stops, question marks, commas and inverted commas wherever necessary in the following paragraph.
an arrogant lion was wandering through the jungle one day he asked the tiger who is stronger than you you O lion replied the tiger who is more fierce than a leopard asked the lion you sir replied the leopard he marched upto an elephant and asked the same question the elephant picked him up in his trunk swung him in the air and threw him down look said the lion there is no need to get mad just because you don’t know the answer

Answer
An arrogant lion was wandering through the jungle one day. He asked the tiger, “Who ‘ is stronger than you ?” “You, O ! lion,” replied the tiger. ‘Who is more fierce than a leopard ?” asked the lion. “You, sir,” replied the leopard. He marched up to an elephant and asked the same question. The elephant picked him up in his trunk, swung him in the air and threw him down. “Look”, said the lion, “there is no need to get mad just because you don’t know the answer.”

1. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
(i) The heart is a pump that …… (send) the blood circulating through our body. The pumping action ……. (take place) when the left ventricle of the heart ……. (contract). This …… (force) the blood out into the arteries, which ……. (expand) to receive the oncoming blood.

(ii) The African lungfish can live without water for up to four years. During a drought it …….. (dig) a pit and ……. (enclose) itself in a capsule of slime and earth, leaving a tiny opening for air. The capsule …….. (dry) and …….. (harden), but when rain ……… (come), the mud …….. (dissolve) and the lungfish …… (swim) away.

(iii) Mahesh : We have to organise a class party for our teacher. …… (Do) anyone play an instrument ?
Vipul : Rohit …… (play) the flute.
Mahesh : ……. (Do) he also act ?
Vipul : No, he ……. (compose) music.
Mahesh : That’s wonderful!

Answers
(i) sends, takes place, contracts, forces, expands
(ii) digs, encloses, dries, hardens, comes, dissolves, swims
(iii) Does, plays, Does, doesn’t compose.

WRITING
Diary entry for a travelogue
I. The text you read is a travelogue where the author, Vikram Seth, talks about his visit to two sacred places in Kathmandu.
Imagine that you were with Vikram Seth on his visit to Pashupatinath temple, and you were noting down all that you saw and did there, so that you could write a travelogue later.
Record in point form

1. what you see when you reach the Pashupatinath temple
2. what you see happening inside the temple
3. what you do when inside the temple
4. what you see outside the temple
5. what your impressions are about the place.

Answers
1. Things seen at the Pashupatinath temple
A sign proclaiming: ‘Entrance for the Hindus only’. Priests, hawkers, devotees, tourists, cows, monkeys, pigeons, dogs roam about. A crowd of worshippers.

2. What is happening inside the temple
Many worshippers. People getting priest’s attention elbowed out. A princess of Nepalese royal house appears. Saffron-clad Westerners try to enter. Policeman. Monkeys fight. Jump onto a shivalinga.

3. What you do when inside the temple
No such description or reference.

4. What you do outside the temple
Bagmati seen flowing. A corpse is being cremated. Washerwomen work and children bathe. A basket of flowers and leaves dropped into the river.

5. What your impressions are about the place
Place most sacred for the Hindus. Worshippers don’t mind the crowd. They jostle their way inside. They don’t mind even when jostled. Place presents a scene of a big market where everything sells.

II. Here is your diary entry when you visited Agra. Read the points and try to write a travelogue describing your visit to Agra and the Taj Mahal. You may add more details.
January 2003 ……. rise before dawn ……. take the Shatabdi Express at 6.15 a.m. from Delhi …… meet a newly-married couple on train ….. talk about Himachal Pradesh …… get off the train …… enter the once-grand city, Agra …… twisted alleys ……. traffic dense …….. rickshaws, cars, people ……. vendors selling religious artifacts, plastic toys, spices and sweets …… go to the Taj Mahal …….. constructed entirely of white marble …… magical quality …….. colour changes with varying of light and shadow ……… marble with gemstones inside …….. reflection of the Taj Mahal in the pond ……. school-children, tourists ……. tourist guides following people.

Answer
It was January 2003. I rose before dawn and got ready to catch the Shatabdi Express at 6.15 am from Delhi. I met a newly-married couple on the train. They talked about Himachal Pradesh. I got off the train at Agra. It was a strange experience to move in the twisted alleys of Agra, once-grand city. The traffic was dense with rickshaws, cars, pedestrians, vendors selling religious artifacts, plastic toys, spices and sweets.

At last I reached the Taj Mahal. It is really a dream made physical. It has its own magical quality. It has been constructed entirely of white marble. It has got a strange effect on the onlooker. The marble changes colours with varying of light and shadow. The marble inside is inlaid with gemstones. The pond has the reflection of the Taj Mahal. There was a big crowd of school children, tourists etc., followed by the tourist guides to make quite bucks.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 10 Kathmandu help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Chapter 10 Kathmandu, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी

प्रश्न-अभ्यास
(पाठ्यपुस्तक से)

कहानी से

प्रश्न 1. गवरइया और गवरा के बीच किस बात पर बहस हुई और गवरइया को अपनी इच्छा पूरी करने का अवसर कैसे मिला?
उत्तर :
गवरइया और गवरा के बीच आदमियों के द्वारा रंग-बिरंगे और सुंदर कपड़े पहनने की बात पर बहस हुई। गवरा कह रहा था कि कपड़े से आदमी की खूबसूरती बढ़ जाती है तथा वह सर्दी, गर्मी एवं वर्षा की मार से बचता है। इसके विपरीत गवरा कहता था कि आदमी कपड़े पहनने से बदसूरत लगने लगता है। उसकी शारीरिक क्षमता प्रभावित होती है। इसके अलावा कपड़ों से आदमी की हैसियत का पता चल जाता है। गवरइया को अपनी इच्छा पूरी करने का अवसर तब मिला जब वे दोनों घूरे पर दाना चुनने गए थे, जहाँ उन्हें रुई का फाहा मिला था। उसने उससे सूत कतवाया, कपड़े बनवाए तथा टोपी सिलाकर अपनी इच्छा पूरी की।

प्रश्न 2. गवरइया और गवरे की बहस के तर्को को एकत्र करें और उन्हें संवाद के रूप में लिखें।
उत्तर :
गवरइया और गवरे की बहस निम्नलिखित चार तर्कों पर हुई –

1. आदमियों द्वारा कपड़े पहनने पर।
2. गवरइया द्वारा टोपी पहनने पर।
3. रुई का फाहा मिलने पर।
4. गवरइया द्वारा टोपी पहनने के बाद।

इनके बीच हुई बहस को संवाद के रूप में इस प्रकार लिखा जा सकता है

1. आदमियों द्वारा कपड़े पहनने पर
   गवरइया – देखते हो, आदमी रंग बिंरगे कपड़े पहनकर कितना सुंदर दिखाई देता है।
   गवरा – पागल हो रही है क्या? आदमी कपड़े पहनकर बदसूरत दिखता है।
   गवरइया – लगता है आज लटजीरा चुग आए हो क्या? आदमी पर कपड़ा कितना फबता है?
   गवरा – खाक फबता है। कपड़े से मनुष्य की खूबसूरती ढक जाती है। अब तुम्हारे शरीर का एक-एक कटाव मैं जो देख रहा हूँ, कपड़े पहनने पर कैसे देख पाता।
   गवरइया – पर आदमी मौसम की मार से भी बचने के लिए कपड़े पहनता
   गवरा – कपड़े पहनने से आदमी की सहनशक्ति भी तो प्रभावित होती है। कपड़े पहनने से आदमी की हैसियत में भी तो फर्क दिखने लगता है। इसके अलावा उनकी हैसियत का भी पता चल जाता है।
2. गवरइया द्वारा टोपी पहनने पर
   गवरइया – आदमी की टोपी तो सबसे अच्छी होती है। मेरा भी मन टोपी पहनने को करता है।
   गवरी – तू टोपी की बात कर रही है। टोपी की तो बहुत मुसीबतें हैं। कितने राज-पाट बदल जाते हैं। लोग अपनी टोपी बचाने के लिए कितनों को टोपी पहनाते हैं। जरा-सी चूक हुई और टोपी उछलते देर नहीं लगती है। मेरी मान तो तू इस चक्कर में पड़ ही मत।
3. रुई का फाहा मिलने पर
   गवरइया – मिल गया, मिल गया! मुझे रुई का फाहा मिल गया।
   गवरा – लगता है तू पगला गई है। रुई से टोपी बनवाने का सफर कितना कठिन है।
   गवरइया – टोपी तो बनवानी है चाहे जैसे भी बने।
4. गवरड्या द्वारा टोपी पहने के बाद
   गवरइया – (गवरे से) देख मेरी टोपी सबसे निराली… पाँच हुँदने वाली।
   गवरा – वाकई तू तो रानी लग रही है।
   गवरइया – ‘‘रानी नहीं, राजा कहो मेरे राजा। अब कौन राजा मेरा मुकाबला करेगा।”

प्रश्न 3. टोपी बनवाने के लिए गवरइया किस-किसके पास गई? टोपी बनने तक के एक-एक कार्य को लिखें।
उत्तर :
टोपी बनवाने के लिए गवरइया निम्नलिखित चार लोगों के पास गई –

1. धुनिया के पास – घूरे पर मिला रुई का फाहा लेकर गवरइया सबसे पहले धुनिए के पास गई। वह पहले तो गवरइया का काम करने को तैयार न था पर आधी रुई मेहनताने के रूप में पाने पर काम करने के लिए तैयार हो गया और रुई धुन दी।
2. कोरी के पास – धुनिया से रुई धुनवाकर गवरइया सूत कतवाने धुनिए के पास गई। कोरी ने पहले तो मुफ्त में काम करने से मना कर दिया पर आधा सूत मेहनताना के रूप में पाने पर महीन सूत कात दिया।
3. बुनकर के पास – कोरी द्वारा काता महीन सूत लेकर गवरइया बुनकर के पास गई। बुनकर ने आधे कपड़े को पारिश्रमिक के रूप में लेकर महीन कपड़ा बुन दिया।
4. दर्जी के पास – पहले तो दर्जी गवरइया का काम करने को तैयार न था, परंतु जब गवरइया ने उससे कहा कि दो टोपियाँ सिलकर एक उसे दे दे तथा एक स्वयं ले ले तब वह सहर्ष काम करने को तैयार हो गया।

प्रश्न 4. गवरइया की टोपी पर दर्जी ने पाँच हुँदने क्यों जड़ दिए?
उत्तर :
गवरइया जब बुनकर द्वारा बुना महीन कपड़ा लेकर दर्जी के पास गई तो उसने दर्जी से कहा कि इस कपड़े से दो टोपियाँ सिल दे। उनमें से एक को अपने पारिश्रमिक के रूप में रख ले। इतनी अच्छी मजूरी मिलने की बात दर्जी सोच भी नहीं सकता था। वह बहुत खुश हुआ। उसने अपनी खुशी से गवरइया की टोपी पर पाँच हुँदने जड़ दिए।

कहानी से आगे

प्रश्न 1. किसी कारीगर से बातचीत कीजिए और परिश्रम का उचित मूल्य नहीं मिलने पर उसकी प्रतिक्रिया क्या होगी? ज्ञात कीजिए और लिखिए।
उत्तर :
मेरे घर के निकट एक बढ़ई रहता है। वह अपने काम के लिए प्रसिद्ध है। उसका बनाया सामान भी सुंदर, मजबूत तथा टिकाऊ होता है। एक बार एक धनी व्यक्ति ने काम के लिए उसे बुलाया। आधा काम हो जाने के बाद उसे पारिश्रमिक मिला जो बाजार रेट से काफी कम था। उस बढ़ई का वहाँ सामान लग चुका था, इसलिए काम करना उसकी मजबूरी थी। उससे जब मैंने बात की तो बढ़ई ने बताया कि उचित पारिश्रमिक न मिलने पर काम में मन नहीं लगता है। मन चिड़चिड़ा सा हुआ रहता है तथा काम में सुंदरता नहीं आ पाती है।

प्रश्न 2. गवरइया की इच्छा पूर्ति का क्रम घूरे पर रुई के मिल जाने से प्रारंभ होता है। उसके बाद वह क्रमशः एक-एक कर कई कारीगरों के पास जाती है और उसकी टोपी तैयार होती है। आप भी अपनी कोई इच्छा चुन लीजिए। उसकी पूर्ति के लिए योजना और कार्य-विवरण तैयार कीजिए।
उत्तर :
मैंने परीक्षा में प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त किया। मुझे उपहार स्वरूप 501 रुपये तथा सभी विषयों की किताबें एवं सी.डी. मिली। अब समस्या थी कि इस सी.डी. को मैं कहाँ देखें। घर में सी.डी. प्लेयर नहीं था। मैंने माँ से कुछ रुपये माँगे तथा कुछ पिताजी से। मैंने अपनी और भाई की गुल्लक से पैसे निकाले । एक मित्र से भी दो सौ रुपये लिए। अब मेरे पास कुल दो हजार दो सौ रुपये थे। मैं अपने पिताजी को पुस्तकें दिलाने के बहाने साथ ले गया और किताब की दुकान पर न जाकर इलैक्ट्रानिक्स की दुकान से सी.डी. प्लेयर दो हजार तीन सौ रुपये में खरीदा। एक सौ रुपये पिताजी ने दे दिए। इस प्रकार अपनी आवश्यक वस्तु पाकर मैं बहुत खुश हुआ।

प्रश्न 3. गवरइया के स्वभाव से यह प्रमाणित होता है कि कार्य की सफलता के लिए उत्साह आवश्यक है। सफलता के लिए उत्साह की आवश्यकता क्यों पड़ती है, तर्क सहित लिखिए।
उत्तर :
यह सत्य है कि कार्य की सफलता हेतु उत्साह की आवश्यकता होती है। उत्साह ही काम करने के लिए व्यक्ति को प्रेरित करता है तथा मार्ग में आने वाली बाधाओं से लड़ने की प्रेरणा देता है। उत्साह के अभाव में काम नीरस प्रतीत होता है तथा काम की सफलता संदिग्ध होती है। गवरइया भी फाहा मिलने के बाद उत्साह से भर उठी। वह धुनिए, कोरी तथा बुनकर के काम से उत्साहित हो उठी और दर्जी से अपनी टोपी बनवाने में कामयाब रही।

अनुमान और कल्पना

प्रश्न 1. टोपी पहनकर गवरइया राजा को दिखाने क्यों पहुँची जबकि उसकी बहस गवरा से हुई और वह गवरा के मुँह से अपनी बड़ाई सुन चुकी थी। लेकिन राजा से उसकी कोई बहस हुई ही नहीं थी। फिर भी वह राजा को चुनौती देने को पहुँची। कारण का अनुमान लगाइए।
उत्तर :
अपनी सुंदर सी टोपी पहन गवरइया ने गवरे को दिखाया। गवरे ने उसकी प्रशंसा की किंतु गवरइया टोपी दिखाने राजा के पास गई वह राजा को यह अहसास करवाना चाहती थी कि राजा ! तू प्रजा को बिना पारिश्रमिक दिए काम करवाता है। प्रजा को राजा के अलावा किसी का सहारा नहीं होता। यदि इन्हें उचित पारिश्रमिक न मिला तो ये लोग भूखों मर जाएँगे। गवरइया राजा की कार्यप्रणाली को भली प्रकार समझ चुकी थी। उसने धुनिए, कोरी एवं दर्जी को काम करते हुए यह सब प्रत्यक्ष देख लिया था कि वे राजा के काम को स्वेच्छा से नहीं बल्कि डर से कर रहे हैं, जबकि पारिश्रमिक पाने पर यही काम अच्छी तरह से करते हैं। इसके अलावा पारिश्रमिक देने पर काम जल्दी भी होता है। गवरइया राजा को यही सब एहसास करवाने एवं चुनौती देने गई थी।

प्रश्न 2. यदि राजा के राज्य के सभी कारीगर अपने-अपने श्रम का उचित मूल्य प्राप्त कर रहे होते तब गवरइया के साथ उन कारीगरों का व्यवहार कैसा होता?
उत्तर :
यदि राजा के राज्य के सभी कारीगर अपने-अपने श्रम का उचित मूल्य पाते तो वे राजा का काम पहले करते तथा उनका काम पूरा होने तक गवरइया के काम को हाथ न लगाते हाँ राजा का काम पूरा होने के बाद ही वे भले उसका काम करते अंन्यथा मना कर देते।

प्रश्न 3. चारों कारीगर राजा के लिए काम कर रहे थे। एक रजाई बना रहा था। दूसरा अचकन के लिए सूत कात रहा था। तीसरा बागी बुन रहा था। चौथा राजा की सातवीं रानी की दसवीं संतान के लिए झब्बे सिल रहा था। उन चारों ने राजा का काम रोककर गवरइया का काम क्यों किया?
उत्तर :
धुनिया, कोरी, बुनकर और दर्जी राजा का काम डर कर कर रहे थे, अपनी रुचि से नहीं। उन्हें राजा द्वारा कोई पारिश्रमिक भी नहीं दिया जा रहा था। गवरइया ने उन कारीगरों को उनकी कल्पना से भी अधिक मजदूरी दी, इसलिए उन्होंने राजा का काम रोककर गवरइया का काम पहले किया।

भाषा की बात

प्रश्न 1. गाँव की बोली में कई शब्दों का उच्चारण अलग होता है। उनकी वर्तनी भी बदल जाती है; जैसे – गवरइया, गौरैया का ग्रामीण उच्चारण है। उच्चारण के अनुसार इस शब्द की वर्तनी लिखी गई है। पूँदना, फुलगेंदा का बदला हुआ रूप है। कहानी में अनेक शब्द हैं जो ग्रामीण उच्चारण में लिखे गए हैं, जैसेमुलुक-मुल्क, खमी-क्षमा, मजूरी-मजदूरी, मल्लार-मल्हार इत्यादि। आप क्षेत्रीय या गाँव की बोली में उपयोग होने वाले कुछ ऐसे शब्दों को खोजिए और उनका मूल रूप लिखिए, जैसे-टेम-टाइम, टेसन/स्टेशन।
उत्तर :
क्षेत्रीय या गाँव की बोली में उपयोग होने वाली कुछ शब्द तथा उनके मूल रू

प्रश्न 2. मुहावरों के प्रयोग से भाषा आकर्षक बनती है। मुहावरे वाक्य के अंग होकर प्रयुक्त होते हैं। इनका अक्षरश: अर्थ नहीं बल्कि लाक्षणिक अर्थ लिया जाता है। पाठ में अनेक मुहावरे आए हैं। टोपी को लेकर तीन मुहावरे हैं; जैसेकितनों को टोपी पहनानी पड़ती है। शेष मुहावरों को खोजिए और उनका अर्थ ज्ञात करने का प्रयास कीजिए।
उत्तर :
टोपी से संबंधित मुहावरे एवं अर्थ ।

• टोपी उछलना – बेइज्जती या बदनामी हो जाना।
• टोपी के लिए टाट उलटना – इज्जत बचाने हेतु दल-बदल लेना।
• टोपी सलामत रखना – इज्जत बचाए रखना।
• टोपी पहनाना – खुशामद करना या चापलूसी करना।

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Hindi Vasant Chapter 18 टोपी, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 3 Ordeal in the Ocean are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 3 Ordeal in the Ocean.

CBSE Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Adventure Chapter 3 Ordeal in the Ocean

TEXTUAL EXERCISES
(Page 34)

ORDEAL IN THE OCEAN :
In this section we shall read an adventure story entitled ‘Ordeal in the Ocean’, in which you will probably come across some unfamiliar words. Therefore, before we read the story, we shall have some more ‘puzzling out’ practice.

Question 1.
Read the following extracts from the story, and try to puzzle out the meanings of the encircled words from other words and phrases in the extract. Write the clues in the empty boxes. Then give your own explanation of the encircled word.
(a)
I saw individual stars, but I could not distinguish the constellation they belonged to. Then dawn came and put out all my stars. Therefore constellation means ___________________ .

(b)
Indeed there had been a distant rumbling for some time, although I had paid no attention to it. Now I started listening and I thought it sounded like the characteristic noise of jet airplanes constantly landing and taking off. Therefore rumbling means ___________________ .

(c)
It was a gigantic wave with steep, very slowly falling crests. Never in my life had I seen such an enormous wave. It seemed to be touching the sky. Therefore gigantic means ___________________ .

(d)
The wave did not break over me as I assumed it would. An irresistible force dragged me up its steep slope, right to the very foot of the falling crest. Therefore irresistible means ___________________ .

(e)
For a moment I found myself in the air under the crest, as if in a cave. Then, my body was in the swirling current of water; the inner power of the wave turned me head over heels several times, twisting me in all directions before it tired. Therefore swirling means ___________________ .

(f)
Around me I could see random currents of water, splashes of foam and phosphorescent spray all swirling about…. I left a trail of luminous water and my body glittered like some princess’s ball gown. Therefore phosphorescent means __________________.

Answer :
(a) group of stars
(b) a deep heavy continuous sound
(c) very huge, large-sized, enormous
(d) a force which cannot be resisted
(e) moving or twisting in all directions
(f) brightened or beautiful, luminous

Question 2.
Suppose you are on a ship, far out to sea. Something happens, and you find yourself in the water. The ship continues on its journey. Discuss the following with your partner and share your views with the class

• How long do you think you can stay alive in the water ?
• How will you know which way to swim ?
• What dangers will you face ?

Answer :

• Staying alive in the water in such a circumstance depends on many things. These may be the condition of the sea, sea winds and my physical and mental courage. Normally, if I find myself in water, I, perhaps, may stay alive for about 10-15 hours. But everything depends on the situation. It is quite possible I may not last for more than a minute.
• The position of the stars in the sky would help me know which way to swim.
• The dangers will come mainly from the sea. These might be from sea animals, like sharks, whales etc. Secondly, the sea storm or cyclonic waves would also pose many dangers.

Question 3.
‘Ordeal in the Ocean’ is the story of Slava Kurilov, a Russian who faced a remarkable trial by water. Slava kurilov tells his own story. Read on …
Answer :
When the liner had finally vanished over the horizon, I was absolutely alone in the stormy night sea. First I thought I had to swim one way, then another. It was not even midnight yet, and I had no hope at all of finding my way in this terrible night time ocean. I began to feel afraid. Waves of fear rolled through me, starting from my hands and feet, attacking my heart and then passing through my neck to my head. Waves broke over me and water went into my snorkel. I realised I would not be able to last even half an hour in such a condition.

I saw individual stars, but I could not distinguish the constellation they belonged to. Then dawn came and put out all my starsand I felt my solitude more keenly. The sky was grey at first, then blue-violet shades appeared. In a few minutes, the colours became brighter, with dark red strips cutting across the sky!

The rising sun came up over the ocean. I was surrounded by large waves. The clouds turned pink and swept across the sky in all directions. It was a windy day. There was no land visible. I grew alarmed. Had I made a mistake in my calculations? Perhaps the current had carried me a long a way off the course during the night? An hour passed, perhaps two.

“Land!!!” I could not deny myself the pleasure of shouting the magic word aloud and of hearing my own voice. Perhaps it was my ghostly island of Siargao? I almost felt I had succeeded – now at least I had hope. The sun looked out for the last time, as if it were saying goodbye to me, and hid itself away again. In a few minutes the sky filled with all the colours of a rainbow, the bright shades changing and merging as I watched. At first the clouds became deep red and then their edges turned bright orange. A little while afterwards, the clouds turned lilac and dark violet. Darkness fell swiftly. My second lonely night in the ocean began. The stars came out unnoticed. I changed course and headed for the south west. As it turned out, this was an unforgivable mistake.

Evening was approaching. The ocean around me was full of life; large fish often leapt out of the water and big birds flew right above my head. I could see the island distinctly now. A line of dancing palms stretched the length of its shore. The sides of the mountain were covered in many different shades of green. An hour passed, perhaps more. It was extraordinarily quiet.

Then suddenly to my horror, I discovered my island had noticeably begun to move north and was drifting further and further in that direction right before my eyes. Before I had worked out what was happening and could sharply change my course towards the north, the southern tip of the island had appeared in front of me and, beyond that, open ocean stretched to the very horizon. I was totally at the mercy of the current and realised to my alarm that it was slowly carrying me past land.

My third night in the ocean crept up unnoticed. This third night in the ocean was very dark, much darker than the two previous ones. I almost decided to die as I had no hope of seeing another dawn.

I was suddenly aware of a quiet voice: “Swim to the sound of the breakers.” Indeed, there had been a distant rumbling for some time, although I had paid no attention to it. Now I started listening and I thought it sounded like the characteristic noise of jet aeroplanes constantly landing and taking off. The voice inside kept insisting that I should swim towards this thunder of waves.

At last I obeyed. Again I heard an approaching rumble. What I suddenly saw at a distance of about 30 or 40 metres has imprinted itself on my memory forever. It was a gigantic wave with steep, very slowly falling crests. Never in my life had I seen such an enormous wave – it even seemed to be touching the sky. It moved very slowly and was fantastically beautiful.

The wave did not break over me as I assumed it would. An irresistible force dragged me up its steep slope right to the very foot of the falling crest. Instinctively I clutched my mask snorkel and managed to take a deep breath. The crest started to break over me and pulled me under it. For a moment, I found myself in the air under the crest as if in a cave. Then my body was in a swirling current of water; the inner power of the wave turned me head over heels several times, twisting me in all directions before it tired.

I realised that I had to try to keep my body on the crest and I quickly took up a horizontal position. This time the wave quickly grabbed me and carried me at great speed for quite a long distance on its crest.

I got up to the surface easily and swam in the direction the waves were heading. “Somewhere there, beyond the reef, there should be a lagoon,” I hoped. Suddenly, I felt something hard under my feet. I could stand up to my chest in water! Around me I could see random currents of water, splashes of foam and phosphorescent spray all swirling about. Before I fully came to my senses, another large wave approached and carried me some distance further. I was up to my waist in water when a new wave picked me up, taking me several metres forward. Now the depth of the water was only up to my knees. I had enough time to take a few tentative steps, to catch my breath and look around.

I surfaced at the foot of very tall palm trees. I left a trail of luminous water and my body glittered like some princess’s ball-gown. Only now did I feel completely safe. The ocean was behind me…

Question 4.
Below are some incomplete sentences about the story. Complete each sentence appropriately, according to the story.

1. Slava Kurilov was in the water because he … Evidence for this is …
2. His biggest mistake was when he …
3. He decided to die because …
4. He was carried towards the lagoon when he decided to …

Answer :

1. Slava Kurilov was in the water because he jumped into the sea and was swimming. Evidence for this is (that) he had a snorkel and mask, and he referred to his “calculations”.
2. His biggest mistake was when he changed the course and so was carried past the island/swam to the southeast direction.
3. He decided to die because he lost hope of seeing another dawn.
4. He was carried towards the lagoon when he decided to swim towards the breakers, that is, breaking waves.

Question 5.
Below is a map of the area in which Slava Kurilov faced his ordeal. You will also see the major events in the story, in mixed order, each accompanied by a symbol. After you have read ‘Ordeal in the Ocean’, draw the appropriate symbol against each x mark. (One is already drawn for you.) Draw the symbols or number the symbols, and transfer them to the map.)
Answer :

Note :
There seems some confusion in relating the events of the story to those marked in the diagram. We have tried our best to correlate these in the most appropriate way strictly as per the text given. Students might try on their own to understand these events and mark them as given in the diagram.

Question 6.
The author uses many vivid and colourful expressions to describe the ocean, clouds, sky, waves and his own feelings. List the expressions that you like the most.

• Ocean
  (1)
  (2)
•  Clouds and sky
  (1) The sun looked out for the last time as if it were saying goodbye to me.
  (2)
•  Waves
  (1)
  (2)

Find at least two expressions under each heading :
Answer :
Ocean :

1. The ocean around me was full of life.
2. Large fish often leapt out of the water.
3. Big birds flew right above my head.
4. the open ocean stretched to the very horizon.
5. Around me I could see random currents of water.
6. splashes of foam and phosphorescent spray all swirling about.

Clouds and Sky :

1. The clouds turned pink and swept across the sky in all directions.
2. In a few minutes the sky was filled with all colours of a rainbow. The bright shades changed and merged as I watched.
3. At first the clouds became deep red and then their edges turned bright orange.
4. Puffs of snow-white clouds hung motionless.
5. The clouds seemed to be adorning themselves in yellow.

Waves :

1. It was a gigantic wave, with steep, very slowly falling crests.
2. Then my body was in swirling current of water. The inner power of the wave turned me head over heels several times, twisting me in all directions before it tired.
3. This time the wave quickly grabbed me. It carried me at great speed for quite a long distance on its crest.
4. Never in my life had I seen such an enormous wave — it even seemed to be touching the sky.
5. The inner power of the wave turned me head over heels several times, twisting me in all directions.

Question 7.
Another technique adopted by the writer is to use figures of speech such as a simile. A simile is used to express similarity between two things, e.g. He is as fast as lightning. The rain fell heavily on the metal roof like a machine-gun. Similes usually start with ‘like’ or ‘as’. Find two similes in the last section of the story.

1. I found myself still in the air under the crest as if in a cave.
2. I left a trail of luminous water and my body glittered like some princess’s ball gown.

Question 8.
Now try to build your own similes for the following :

1. The rock stood …
2. The waves leapt…
3. The sea shone …
4. The sun set…
5. The rain fell heavily …
6. The birds soared …
7. Dawn broke …
8. The stars …
9. The wind shook the trees …

Add other similes of your own and write them in your notebook.
Answer :

1. The rock stood hanging like a monster!sentry.
2. The waves leapt like flames offirela cheetah.
3. The sea shone like a lake of phosphorus.
4. The sun set like a red-hot ball of iron.
5. The rain fell heavily like bullets.
6. The birds soared like kites.
7. Dawn broke like mist.
8. The stars were twinkling like glow-worms.
9. The wind shook the trees as an earthquake shakes buildings etc.

Other similes :

• The storm rose like a demon from his sleep.
• The moon shone like an incandescent bulb.

Question 9.
Now that you have seen some techniques for creating vivid images with language, try to compose a poem or write a short descriptive paragraph using similes and colourful expressions. Work in pairs if you prefer. Then read it out to the class.
Choose one of these themes : waves, stars and moon, rocks, sunset or sunrise. Consider the following for your chosen theme :

• What does it look like ?
• What does it feel like ?
• What does it sound like ?
• How does it move ?
• Where do we see it ?
• When do we see it ?

Answer :
Students can write on their own on the other given themes. A DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH and a poem are given below, as asked for.

Sunset :
Last week, I felt an urge to take a stroll at 5 pm. Luckily, a cool breeze had just begun to blow. I felt as if the Nature had switched on its air-conditioner on a hot day. All of a sudden, I wanted to see and enjoy the sunset. I ascended a nearby hill. The sun was going to set.

It looked like a huge deep orange. It had no heat and dazzling brightness of daytime. It was slowly moving downwards across the rim of mother Earth. It was like the moon moving on a clouded night. There spread a pinkish-yellow colour as if someone had spread a huge bedspread across the sky. The clouds near the setting sun looked gorgeous like rose petals. I felt like flying in an aeroplane after seeing such an uncommon scene. In fact, the scene was superb and breathtaking.

Sharad Purnima Night :

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 3 Ordeal in the Ocean help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 2 Chapter 3 Ordeal in the Ocean, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Children Chapter 1 Tom Sawyer are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Children Chapter 1 Tom Sawyer.

CBSE Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Children Chapter 1 Tom Sawyer

Question 1.
Here’s a glimpse of a naughty child whose life is filled with fun and frolic.

1. One of the reasons why Tom’s mind had drifted away from its secret troubles was that it had found a new and weighty matter to interest itself about. Becky Thatcher had stopped coming to school. Tom had struggled with his pride a few days and tried to “whistle her down the wind,” but failed. He began to find himself hanging around her father’s house all night and feeling very miserable. She was ill. What if she should die! There was distraction in the thought. Tom Sawyer no longer took an interest in war, nor even in piracy. The charm of life was gone; there was nothing but dreariness left. He put his hoop away, and his bat; there was no joy in them any more. His aunt was concerned. She began to try all manners of remedies on him. She was one of those people who are infatuated with patent medicines and all newfangled methods of producing health or mending it. She was an inveterate experimenter in these things. When something fresh in this line came out, she was in a fever, right away, to try it; not on herself, for she was never ailing, but on anybody else that came handy.

2. She tried every remedy she could. Yet notwithstanding all this, the boy grew more and more melancholy and pale and dejected. She added hot baths, sitz baths, shower baths, and plunges.The boy remained as dismal as a hearse.She began to
assist the boy with a slim oatmeal diet and blister-plasters. She calculated his capacity as she would a judge and filled him up every day with quack cure-alls.

3. Tom had become indifferent to persecution by this time. This phase filled the old lady’s heart with consternation. This indifference must be broken up at any cost. Now she heard of Pain-killer for the first time. She ordered a lot at once. She tasted it and was filled with gratitude. It was simply fire in a liquid form. She dropped the water treatment and everything else, and pinned her faith on Pain-killer. She gave Tom a teaspoonful and watched with the deepest anxiety for the result. Her troubles were instantly at rest, her soul at peace again; for the ‘indifference’ was broken up. The boy could not have shown a wilder, heartier interest, if she had built a fire under him.

4. Tom felt that it was time to wake up; this sort of life might be romantic enough, in his blighted condition, but it was getting to have too little sentiment and too much distracting variety about it.So he thought over various plans for relief and finally hit upon that of professing to be fond of Pain-killer. He asked for it so often that he became a nuisance and his aunt ended up by telling him to help himself and quit bothering her. If it had been Sid, she would have had no misgivings to alloy her delight; but since it was Tom, she watched the bottle clandestinely. She found that the medicine did really diminish, but it did not occur to her that the boy was mending the health of a crack in the sitting-room floor with it.

5. One day Tom was in the act of dosing the crack when his aunt’s yellow cat came along, purring, eyeing the teaspoon avariciously and begging for a taste. Tom said: “Peter, now you’ve asked for it, and I’ll give it to you, because there ain’t anything mean about me; but if you find you don’t like it, you mustn’t blame anybody but your own self.”

6. Tom pried his mouth open and poured down the Pain-killer. Peter sprang a couple of yards in the air, and then delivered a war-whoop and set off round and round the room, banging against furniture,upsetting flower-pots, and making general havoc. Next he rose on his hind feet and pranced around, in a frenzy of enjoyment, with his head over his shoulder and his voice proclaiming his unappeasable happiness.Then he went tearing around the house again spreading chaos and destruction in his path. Aunt Polly entered in time to see him throw a few double summersaults, deliver a final mighty hurrah, and sail through the open window, carrying the rest of the flower-pots with him. The old lady stood petrified with astonishment, peering over her glasses; Tom lay on the floor expiring with laughter. “Tom, what on earth ails that cat?” “I don’t know, aunt,” gasped the boy.

7. The old lady was bending down, Tom watching, with interest emphasized by anxiety. Too late he divined her ‘drift’. The handle of the telltale teaspoon was visible under the sofa. Aunt Polly took it, held it up. Tom winced, and dropped his eyes. Aunt Polly raised him by the usual handle – his ear – and cracked his head soundly with her thimble. “Now, sir, what did you want to treat that poor dumb beast so, for?” “I done it out of pity for him – because he hadn’t any aunt.” “Hadn’t any aunt! – you numskull. What has that got to do with it?” “Heaps. Because if he’d had one, she’d a burnt him out herself! She’d a roasted his bowels out of him ‘thout any more feeling than if he was a human!” Tom looked up in her face with just a perceptible  twinkle peeping through his gravity. “I know you was meaning for the best, aunty, and so was I with Peter. It done him good, too. I never see him get around so -”
Answer :
No Question Asked.

Question .2
On the basis of your reading of the extract, tick the most appropriate answer :
(а) Tom’s mind had drifted away because

• Becky Thatcher had stopped coming to school
• he no longer took an interest in war.
• the charm of life was gone.
• he had put his hoop and his bat away.

(b) Aunt Polly was concerned because

• Tom was hanging around Becky Thatcher’s father’s house all night
• Tom no longer took an interest in anything
• she was infatuated with patent medicines
• she had a fever

(c) She was filled with gratitude when she tested the new medicine as .

• it was simply fire in a liquid form.
• her troubles were instantly at rest.
• Tom’s indifference was broken.
• Tom was responding well.

(d) ‘Mending the health of a crack’ means

• repairing a crack in the sitting-room floor
• looking after his health
• pouring the medicine into a crack in the sitting-room floor
• giving the medicine to the cat

Answer :
(a) Tom’s mind had drifted away because Becky Thatcher had stopped coming to school.
(b) Aunt Polly was concerned because Tom no longer took an interest in anything.
(c) She was filled with gratitude when she tested the new medicine as it was simply fire in a liquid form.
(d) ‘Mending the health of a crack’ means pouring the medicine into a crack in the sitting- room floor.

Question 3.
On the basis of your reading of the extract, tick mark the most appropriate meaning for the given word :
(i) Infatuated (Para 1)

• fond
• influenced
• disliked
• addicted

(ii) Melancholy (Para 2)

• happy
• sad
• worried
• disappointed

(iii) Petrified (Para 6)

• horrified
• stunned
• motionless
• anxious

(iv) Gravity (Para 7)

• mischievous
• joyfulness
• seriousness
• greatness

Answer :
(i) Infatuated – addicted
(ii) Melancholy – sad
(iii) Petrified – horrified
(iv) Gravity – seriousness

Question 4.
In pairs, discuss the following aspects of the story, and then have a class discussion.

1. Tom was not really ill but he pretended to be ill.
2. Usually he made a lot of fuss to take Aunt Polly’s medicines, but this time he took the medicines quietly.
3. His aunt was worried because he was not his usual self : instead he showed an unusual interest in the medicine.
4. Aunt Polly could read Tom’s thoughts.
5. Aunt Polly loved Tom Sawyer.

Answer :
For discussion in pairs at classroom level. Some points to be discussed are given below :

1. Tom was not really well but he pretended to be ill to cover up his sadness over Becky Thatcher’s not coming to school. It was a sort of psychological problem.
2. He took the medicines quietly this time because he was really mentally sick. Earlier he would not be ill. But he had to take up medicines due to Aunt Polly’s whims.
3. His aunt was worried because earlier Tom had never showed an unusual interest in medicines. Obviously, he was genuinely ill this time.
4. Aunt Polly, like any adult, understood what was going in Tom’s mind then.
5. Aunt Polly loved Tom Sawyer because of his mischievous nature and playful activities.

Note :
All these points need to be discussed more within the context of the story.

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