Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Important Questions Science Chapter 16

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Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Science Important Questions with Answers PDF will help you in scoring more marks. This consists of 1 mark Questions, 3 Mark Numericals Questions, 5 Marks Numerical Questions and previous year questions from Chemical Reactions and Equations Chapter.

Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Important Questions and Answers Science Chapter 16

Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark Each)

Question 1.
How is the increase in demand for energy affecting air environment already ? (CBSE Delhi 2008)
Answer:
Increased consumption of fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) is releasing a lot of polluting gases (CO2, CO, SO2, NOx) some of which are causing green house effect and producing acid rain.

More Resources

Question 2.
Which one of the following is a renewable resource : Natural gas, petroleum, Ground water, coal ?
Answer:
Ground water.

Question 3.
Fire wood is our conventional fuel. List any four reasons for replacing it by alternate sources of energy.
(CBSE AI. 2008)
Answer:

  1. It results in deforestation,
  2. Energy value is small.
  3. It is bulky,
  4. It causes more pollution.

Question 4.
Which one of the following gases is the major constituent of biogas : CO2, H2, CH4, CO2 ?
Answer:
CH4 (methane).

Question 5.
State an instance where human intervention saved the forest from destruction. (CBSE Delhi 2009 C)
Answer:

  1. Silent Valley (Kerala). A dam was proposed to be built up here but opposition from environmentalists and others forced to government to convert it into biosphere reserve.
  2. Garwal Himalayas (Uttarakhand). ‘Chipko andolan prevented the destruction of forests and saved the environment from deterioration.
  3. Kelase Forests (Karnataka). The felling of trees in the forests was opposed by ‘apiko chaluvati’ led by Pandurang Hegde

Question 6.
What is meant by renewable natural resources ? (CBSE A.I. 2009 C)
Answer:
Renewable natural resources are those resources of nature which are replenished regularly and are therefore, likely to remain available indefinitely if they are not used beyond their renewability, e.g., forests.

Question 7.
Why are coal and petroleum considered to be non-renewable sources of energy ? (CBSE A.I. 2009 C)
Answer:
Coal and petroleum are considered non-renewable sources of energy as they are not being formed continuously in nature and are, therefore, not replenished. Continuous use will result in their depletion one day.

Question 8.
A person lives near a forest. Make a list of four items which he can get from the forest to meet his daily needs. (CBSE Delhi 2010)
Answer:

  1. Firewood.
  2. Bamboo and thatch.
  3. Food articles (edible fruits and nuts).
  4. Grazing animals and fodder.

Question 9.
State any one reason for conservation of forests and wildlife. (CCE 2011)
Answer:
Forests protect soil, retain and regulate flow of rain water while wildlife maintains an ecological balance of the area.

Question 10.
Give two examples to emphasise the concept of REUSE. (CCE 2011)
Answer:
Reuse saves a lot of resources, e.g., reuse of carry bags, re-use of plastic bottles and jars.

Question 11.
Name any two stake-holders who derive benefit from forests. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Forest dwellers and tribals
  2. Industrialists.

Question 12.
Give one example each from your daily life where the household waste can be effectively reused and recycled •» respectively. (CCE 2013, 2014)
Answer:
Reuse: Containers of jams, pickles and other food items.
Recycle: Metal wastes, broken plastic, broken glasswares.

Question 13.
List any two measures that you suggest for better management of water resources. (CCE 2013)
Answer:
Water Resources: My major stress will be

  1. Recharging of ground water through rain water harvesting, protection to wetlands and digging sponge pits or wells in the beds of rivulets,
  2. Reducing spoilage of water in agriculture by helping formers to switch over to sprinkler system of irrigation, changing conventional method of rice cultivation with system of rice intensification (SRI),
  3. Judicious use of water for domestic and industrial purposes.

Question 14.
Mention one negative effect of our affluent life style on the environment. (CCE 2013, 2014)
Answer:
Affluent life style wastes a lot of natural resources due to approach of convenience, attraction to well packed articles, use and throw habit.

Question 15.
Water is a valuable resource. List two ways that you’would suggest every family member to save this resource.
(CCE 2014)
Answer:

  1. Closing the taps when water is not required,
  2. Repair of leaky taps.
  3. Preventing overflow of water during washing, bathing, cleaning teeth, etc.

Question 16.
“We need to manage our resources”. List two reasons to justify this statement. (CCE 2014)
Answer:
Management of resources is controlling the use of resources so as to
(i) Provide for their sustained availability and
(it) Equitable distribution.

Question 17.
What is meant by recycling of wastes ?
Answer:
It is the processing of waste articles to form new products.

Question 18.
List two articles that can be easily recycled but we generally throw them in the dustbin. (CCE 2015)
Answer:
Used paper, polythene, metal wastes.

Question 19.
Mention any two reasons for failure to sustain underground water. (CCE 2015)
Answer:

  1. Withdrawal throughout the year while it is augmented only during rains.
  2. Lack of rain water harvesting.

Question 20.
Where are coliform bacteria found in human beings ? ( CCE 2015)
Answer:
Intestinal tract.

Question 21.
Name one bio-diversity hot-spot. (CCE 2015)
Answer:
Forest.

Question 22.
Write the context in which Amrita Devi Bishnoi National award is given. (CCE 2015)
Answer:
Exceptional contribution to wildlife conservation.

Question 23.
Write one negative effect on the environment of the affluent life style of a few persons of the society. (CBSE A.I. 2015)
Answer:
Affluent life style has an approach of convenience , use and throw habit. It not only wastes a lot of natural resources but also produces a lot of wastes. 36% of solid waste consists of packing materials. Americans annually throw away about 50 billion food and drink cans and 27 billion glass botdes and jars.

Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)

Question 1.
Write two advantages of classifying energy sources as renewable and non-renewable. (CBSE Delhi 2008)
Answer:

  1. A judicious use of non-renewable energy resource so as to prevent its depletion.
  2. Increasing use of renewable energy source but not beyond its renewability. Stress should be laid on exploitation of inexhaustible sources of energy like solar energy.

Question 2.
What are fossil fuels ? Give two examples of fossil fuels. (CBSE Foreign 2008)
Answer:
Fossil fuels are energy yielding combustible substances that have been formed million of years ago by compression and anaerobic heating of organic matter.
Examples. Coal, Petroleum.

Question 3.
Why should we conserve forests ? Suggest any two ways to conserve forests.(CBSE A.I. 2008, CCE 2012)
Answer:
We should conserve forests because they not only provide a number of economically important products but also provide shelter to wild animals, protect soil, regulate water flow and climate.
Forests are conserved through

  1. Regular sustained yield block cutting and
  2. Separation of commercial forestry (production plantation) from natural forestry.

Question 4.
List four changes you would incorporate in your life style in a move towards sustainable use of available resources. (CBSE A.I. 2008 C, 2017 CCE 2011)
                                                                                                  Or
Every one of us can do something to reduce our consumption of various natural resources. List four such activities based on 3-R approach. (CCE 2013)
Answer:

  1. Electricity: Reduce consumption of electricity by switching off unwanted fans and bulbs, changing incandescent bulbs to compact fluorescent lamps.
  2. Water: Prevent overflow of water by closing the taps when water is not required. Leaky taps are got repaired immediately.
  3. Refills: Use of refills instead of purchasing new packs, e.g., pens.
  4. Cloth Bags: Using cloth bags instead of polythene, plastic or paper bags.

Question 5.
State two reasons each of conserving
(a) Forest
(b) Wildlife. (CBSE A.I. 2008 C, 2017)
Answer:
Conservation of Forests:

  1. Forest provide a number of economically important products
  2. They protect the soil, retain and regulate flow of rain water.

Conservation of Wildlife:

  1. Wildlife is important in maintaining ecological balance of the area,
  2. It is gene bank for improvement of domesticated plants and animals.

Question 6.
What are natural resources ? State two factors that work against an equitable distribution of these resources.
(CBSE Delhi 2009, A.I. 2017, CCE 2011)
Answer:
Definition: Natural resources are living and non-living components of nature which can be used by humans to meet their requirements.
Factors Against Equitable Distribution,

  1. Unequal availability of resources, abundant at one place and deficient at another place,
  2. Excessive use of resources by rich people and struggle for the resource in the area of deficiency by common man.

Question 7.
What is water harvesting ? Mention any two water harvesting structures. (CBSE Delhi 2009, CCE 2012)
Answer:
Definition. Water harvesting is capturing, collection and storage of rain water and surface run off for filling water bodies and recharging ground water.
Harvesting Structures,

  1. Khadin
  2. Kattas.

Question 8.
Why must we conserve our forests ? List any two causes for deforestation taking place.
(CBSE Delhi 2009, CCE 2012)
Answer:
(a) Why Conserve Forests: We should conserve forests because they not only provide a number of economically important products but also provide shelter to wild animals, protect soil, regulate water flow and climate.
(b) Causes of Deforestation:

  1. Clearing forests for agriculture, roads, canals, human habitation.
  2. Overgrazing and excessive felling of trees.

Question 9.
List any four measures for conserving forests. (CBSE A.I. 2009)
Answer:

  1. Afforestation and reforestation or silviculture
  2. Involving the local people in care of forests.
  3. Separation of commercial forestry on waste land
  4. Development of social forestry, agroforestry and urban forestry.

Question 10.
What is Chipko movement ? Why should we conserve forests ? (CBSE A.I. 2009)
Answer:
Chipko Movement: It is a non-political public movement for conservation of natural habitats, forests and wildlife by preventing their excessive exploitation.
Why Conserve Forests: We should conserve forests because they not only provide a number of economically important products but also provide shelter to wild animals, protect soil, regulate water flow and climate.

Question 11.
State any four personal choices you would like to make to reduce energy consumption without affecting the quality of life or work explaining how each one of them would help you to do so.
(CBSE Foreign 2010)
Answer:

  1. Gadgets: Switching off lights, fans, T.V., radio and domestic gudgets not in use.
  2. Winter: Wearing an extra sweater in winter instead of using heating devices (heater or sigri) for keeping warm.
  3. CFL: Use of compact fluorescent lamps instead of incandescent bulbs as they consume only one-fifth of the power. A further improvement in use of LED (Light emitting diode).
  4. School Bus or Car Pool: Use of school bus or car pool instead of personal vehicle for going to school.

Question 12.
(a) How does formation of coal and petroleum occur ?
(b) Name any two products formed when fossil fuels are burnt. (CCE 2011)
Answer:
(a) Coal and petroleum have been formed million of years ago due to burying of vegetation and other organic matter inside the earth under high pressure, heat and anaerobic conditions.
(b) Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, CO2.

Question 13.
How can we as individuals help in reducing the use of fossil fuels ? Mention two ways. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Walking down or cycling for nearby distances.
  2. Using car pool or school bus to go to school.

Question 14.
Explain with the help of two examples how the participation of local people has led to conservation of forest in the past. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Chipko movement started by women under the leadership of Gaura Devi in Reni in March 1973 to prevent cutting of forest trees.
  2. Regeneration of Arabari forest in Midnapore by participation of villagers under the leadership of forest officer A.K. Banerjee.

Question 15.
(a) How can development of efficient engines ensuring complete combustion of fossil fuel be useful to us ?
(b) Name the four elements that constitute fossil fuels. (CCE 2011, 2012)
Answer:
(a) Complete combustion of fossil fuel will give more run for the same amount of fuel and will reduce the degree of air pollution due to non-release of unburnt hydrocarbons.
(b) N, H, S and C

Question 16.
(a) State two disadvantages of converting forests into monocultures.
(b) Give any two advantages of water stored underground. (CCE 2011)
Answer:
(a)

  1. Loss of biodiversity.
  2. Non-availability of varied needs of local people for fodder, fruits, nuts and medicines.

(b)

  1. Non-evaporation and noncontamination,
  2. Providing soil water for vegetation and recharging wells.

Question 17.
“Burning of fossil fuels results in global warming”. Justify this statement. (CCE 2011, CBSE A.I. 2016, Foreign 2017)
Answer:
Burning of fossil fuels releases a lot of carbon dioxide. Addition of CO2 to the atmosphere has a stronger green-house effect that is resulting in global warming. Already a rise of 0-6°C has been observed in atmospheric temperature during the 20th century.

Question 18.
How has the use of fossil fuels led to the deterioration of environment ? State any two reasons. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Increased concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide leading to global warming.
  2. Release of air pollutants some of which are causing acid rain (NOx, S02).

Question 19.
With the help of an example explain how involvement of local people can lead to efficient management of forests. (CCE 2011, CBSE A.I. 2016)
Answer:
Degraded sal forest of Arabari in Midnapore could not be revived by even best efforts of the forest department. In 1972, with the permission of forest department, forest officer A.K. Banerjee invited the local people to participate and share the benefits of the forest. By 1983, there was a complete revival of Arabari forest.

Question 20.
What are fossil fuels ? How are they formed ? (CCE 2011)
Answer:
Fossil fuels are energy yielding carbon containing combustible substances that are dug out from earth. They have been formed millions of years ago due to burying of vegetation and other organic matter inside the earth under high pressure, heat and anaerobic conditions, e.g. coal, petroleum, natural gas.

Question 21.
List any four methods of conserving fossil fuels. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Development of more efficient devices for combustion of fossil fuels.
  2. Use of hybrid fuel and hydrogen fuel
  3. Employment of alternate sources of energy like atomic energy and hydroelectric energy
  4. Installation of solar panels for trapping solar energy for heating and its conversion to electricity.

Question 22.
(a) What is meant by sustainable development ?
(b) Suggest any one method to achieve it ? (CCE 2011)
Answer:
(a) Sustainable development is a strategy of development which can be sustained for a long time without undue damage to the environment.
(b) Use of smaller and more efficient devices with judicious use of natural resources.

Question 23.
(a) What is water harvesting ?
(b) Mention any two water harvesting structures. (CCE 2011, 2015)
Answer:
(a) Water harvesting is capturing, collection and storage of rain water and surface run off for filling either small water bodies or recharging ground water.
(b)

  1. Crescent shaped earthen embankments or concrete and rubble check dams for collecting rain water
  2. Khadins.

Question 24.
Suggest two important measures to reduce consumption of various natural resources. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Controlled Exploitation: Exploitation of natural resources is limited so as to meet the just demands of the society.
  2. Minimum Wastage: Technology is employed to ensure minimum wastage during processing of the resource.

Question 25.
(a) Why is LPG considered a better fuel than coal ?
(b) What is Chipko movement ? (CCE 2011)
Answer:
(a) LPG or liquefied petroleum gas is better fuel than coal as it does not produce flyash, toxic minerals and many of the air pollutants.
(b) Chipko Movement : It is a non-political public movement for conservation of natural habitats, forests and wildlife by preventing their excessive exploitation.

Question 26.
(a) What is water shed management ?
(b) How is it helpful to ecosystem ? (CCE 2011, 2012)
Answer:
(a) Watershed management is the prevention of soil erosion by planting of more trees and other vegetation in high raised areas which are the source of run off to low lying areas.
(b)

  1. Flooding and soil erosion are prevented as trees in water-shed area retain more water underground.
  2. More animals and other biota reach the area to form a well balanced ecosystem.

Question 27.
What harm has been caused to alpine meadows since nomadic shepherds have been stopped from grazing their cattle in such meadows ? (CCE 2011, 2012)
Answer:
The establishment of Great Himalayan National Park has prevented the nomadic shepherds to take their flocks to alpine meadows for grazing. The grass of alpine meadows now grows very tall, then falls over, stopping fresh growth.

Question 28.
We should use coal and petroleum judiciously. Why ? State any four reasons. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Coal and petroleum are non-renewable exhaustible resources. They are limited in supply.
  2. India spends a lot of money in importing petroleum.
  3. Combustion of coal and petroleum is adding a lot of CO2 to the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a green house gas which is causing global warming.
  4. Burning of coal and petroleum produces a number of pollutants, some of which are causing acid rain.

Question 29.
(a) Why should coal and petroleum be used judiciously ?
(b) What ill effects can be caused if they are used non-judiciously ? (CCE 2011)
Answer:
(a) Coal and petroleum are non-renewable exhaustible resources. They are limited in supply.
(b) A non-judicious use of coal and petroleum will

  1. Burn out all the reserves.
  2. Give out large quantities of pollutants causing acid rain that destroys vegetation, crops, lakes and monuments alongwith many ailments.
  3. Release large quantity of CO2 that will cause global warming, melting of ice, raising sea level and submerging large parts of land.

Question 30.
Mention any two reasons for which environmentalists protested against raising height of “Sardar Sarovar Dam” on river Narmada. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Submergence of additional land and destroying biota.
  2. Displacement of more people from their homes and employment. .

Question 31.
List four ways in which management of fossil fuels differ from natural resources of energy. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Fossil fuels were formed million of years ago due to burying of vegetation and other organic matter inside earth.
  2. They are limited in supply and will not last indefinitely.
  3. Their consumption has to be reduced if a vacuum in energy sector is not to be created.
  4. New and renewable energy sources have to be added urgently.

Question 32.
“Industrialisation is one of the two main causes of deterioration of environment”. List any four reasons in favour of this statement. (CCE 2011, CBSE Foreign 2016)
Answer:

  1. It adds to air pollution.
  2. Industrial effluents cause water pollution.
  3. Solid wastes generated by industries pollute soil and ground water.
  4. It is also a major source of noise pollution.

Question 33.
How is the increase in demand of fossil fuels affecting the environment adversely ? Suggest two ways to minimise the problem. (CCE 2011)
Answer:
(a) Increased demand of fossil fuel due to rising requirement of energy is adversely affecting our environment by releasing large amounts of pollutants and green house gases (eg., CO2)
(b) Minimising Problem,

  1. Increasing efficiency of combustion engines and utilising fossil fuels judiciously.
  2. More use of alternate sources of energy.

Question 34.
The construction of large dams lead to

  1. Social and
  2. Environmental problems. List two problems in each case. (CCE 2011)

Answer:
1. Social Problems :

  1. Displace a large number of locals and tribals without adequate compensation.
  2. The displaced persons are unable to adjust to social life of new areas. A gainful employment is also lacking.

2. Environmental Problems :

  1. Large scale deforestation.
  2. Large scale loss of biodiversity.

Question 35.
(a) Under what conditions is carbon monoxide released when fossil fuels are burnt ?
(b) Forests are “biodiversity hotspots”. Justify this statement. (CCE 2011)
Answer:
(a) In the presence of insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is produced instead of carbon dioxide.
(b) A biodiversity hotspot is an area having a large number of endemic species which are being threatened with extinction. Because of long exploitation of forest resources and pressure from industrialists, the natural biota is being replaced by commercially required trees.

Question 36.
List two reasons for conserving wildlife. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Wildlife is essential for maintaining the forests.
  2. It is a gene bank for improvement of domesticated plants and animals.

Question 37.
Local people around forests are referred to as “stakeholders” for conservation of forests. Give reasons.
(CCE 2012)
Answer:
Local people around forests are stakeholders in conservation of forests because they depend upon forests for

  1. Firewood
  2. Timber and bamboos
  3. Thatch
  4. Grazing of livestock and collection of fodder
  5. Food articles
  6. Medicines.

Question 38.
What important message is conveyed by Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award for Wildlife conservation ?(CCE 2012)
Answer:
Conservation of wildlife and forests is crucial to our own welfare as it has both economic and ecological benefits.
Economic Benefits. Source of food, fodder, timber, industrial raw materials and medicines.

Question 39.
Ecological Benefits. It regulates climate, prevents soil erosion and floods, retains rain water, supplies water to streams and springs and acts as gene bank for improvement of domesticated plants and animals. “Narmada Bachao Andolan” raised issues of how construction of big dams create environmental problems.
Discuss two such issues.(CCE 2012)
Answer:

  1. Deforestation: A large area is submerged resulting in loss of forests and wildlife.
  2. Environmental Changes: The impounded water raises atmospheric temperature and releases a lot of methane.

Question 40.
List two gases released on burning carbon. State their effects. (CCE 2012)
Answer:

  1. Carbon Monoxide. It binds with haemoglobin and reduces its oxygen carrying capacity.
  2. Carbon Dioxide. It is a green house gas, which in excess is causing global warming. Otherwise it is raw material for photosynthesis.

Question 41.
State the meaning of biodiversity hotspot. What is the criteria of measuring biodiversity of an area ?
(CCE 2012)
Answer:
Biodiversity hotspot is an area of occurrence of diverse types of organisms which is threatened with degradation and fragmentation.
The criteria for measuring biodiversity of an area is the occurrence of different types of plants and animals or species richness of the area.

Question 42.
How are fossil fuels formed in nature ? What are the products formed when combustion takes place in insufficient air ? (CCE 2012)
Answer:

  1. Fossil fuels have been formed million of years ago due to burying of vegetation and other organic matter inside earth under high pressure, heat and anaerobic conditions.
  2. Combustion in insufficient air releases unburnt hydrocarbons, smoke, soot and carbon monoxide.

Question 43.
“Rain water harvesting is essential”. Justify this statement giving two reasons. (CCE 2012, 2014)
Answer:
Most of our water requirements are met by pumping out ground water which has, therefore, got depleted at most of the places. Rain water harvesting is capturing, collection and storage of rain water for filling small water bodies and recharging ground water.

  1. It helps in maintaining level of ground water as it is regularly recharged.
  2. It ensures availability of water in nonrainy season.

Question 44.
List any two causes for the failure of sustained availability of ground water. (CCE 2012, 2015)
Answer:

  1. Excessive withdrawal of ground water than its natural recharge.
  2. Absence of rain water harvesting and recharge of ground water.
  3. Deficient rain fall, reduced percolation and increased run off.

Question 45.
Name the fossil fuels. Why are they so called ? (CCE 2012)
Answer:
Coal, petroleum, natural gas. They are called fossil fuels because they have been formed million of years ago inside the earth from buried vegetation due to high pressure, temperature and anaerobic conditions.

Question 46.
What does chipko movement refer to ? Write its two aims. (CCE 2012, 2015 CBSE Foreign 2017)
Answer:
Chipko movement is a nonpolitical public movément for conservation of natural habitats, forests and wildlife by preventing their excessive exploitation. It started with hugging of the trees by the women under the leadership of Gaura Devi against their cutting.
Aims :

  1. Allowing the local people the traditional use of forests.
  2. Protection of the area from landslides, soil erosion and flash floods.

Question 47.
Mention the role of forest in conserving the environment. How do the forests get depleted ? (CCE 2012)
Answer:
Forests in Conservation of Environment. Forests protect the soil from erosion, increase rain fall, hold rain water like a sponge, lead formation of rivulets and springs, regulate climate and moderate temperature. Depletion. Excessive felling of trees, overgrazing, clearing for agriculture, roads, rails, canals, etc.

Question 48.
(a) Why are coal and petroleum called fossil fuels ?
(b) Name two elements which are present both‘is CNG and petroleum. (CCE 2012)
Answer:
(a) Coal, petroleum, natural gas. They are called fossil fuels because they have been formed million of years ago inside the earth from buried vegetation due to high pressure, temperature and anaerobic conditions.
(b) C, H.

Question 49.
Write the harmful effects of using plastic bags on the environment. Suggest alternatives to plastic bags.
(CCE 2013, CBSE Foregin 2017)
Answer:
Plastic is nonbiodegradable. Being nonbiodegradable, waste plastic articles clog drains, kill animals and pile up adversely affecting the environment. When burnt or recycled they give out toxic filmes.
An alternative to plastic bag is cloth bag. It can be reused several times. The torn cloth bag can also be recycled. It can also undergo decomposition.

Question 50.
Why is sustainable management of natural resources necessary ? Which one out of reuse and recycle would you suggest to practise and why ? (CCE 2013, 2014, 2015, CBSE Dlehi 2017)
Answer:
Sustainable management of natural resources is necessary because it will provide

  1. Equitable and continuous availability of the resource to the present and future generations.
  2. Little harmful impact on the environment.

Out of ‘reuse’ and recycle, I will prefer reuse:

  1. There is no need to send the used article to recycling unit,
  2. There is no consumption of energy as required for recycling.
  3. There is no need to remarket the produce. Instead of throwing away the used one and obtaining a new one after its recycling, a container or bottle can be reused several times, of course, each time after cleaning the same. This will save a lot of money and energy.

Question 51.
List and explain any two advantages associated with water harvesting at community level.
(CCE 2013, CBSE A.I. 2017)
Answer:
Water harvesting at the community level is capturing, collection and storage of rain water and surface run off for filling either small water bodies or recharging ground water. This is carried out through water shed management, check dams, earthen dams, roof top harvesting and filter wells in flood drains.
Benefits:

  1. It ensures water availability in non-rainy season,
  2. It reduces the chances of flooding during rainy season,
  3. Ground water level does not fall as it is regularly recharged,
  4. Ground water recharge is the best form of water harvesting as the water is filtered and free from contaminations. It also does not evaporate,
  5. Water becomes available for drinking as well as irrigation.

Question 52.
State the causes of Chipko movement. (CCE 2013)
Answer:
Forest resources were sold to industrialists at a rate far below the market price. They were denied to local persons even when they formed a cooperative for their purchase. The locals were also prevented from plucking leaves and lopping of branches. The contractor would fell the whole trees. This irked the villagers of Tehri-Garwal who started a movement of clasping trees when contractor will reach to fell the trees. The movement slowly got transformed into conservation of environment (forests, wildlife and natural habitats).

Question 53.
What is meant by biodiversity ? List two advantages of conserving forest and wildlife. (CCE 2014, 2015)
Answer:
Biodiversity: It is the occurrence of different types of organisms and their variants adapted to different environmental condition of the area.
Advantages of Conserving Forest and Wildlife.
Conservation of Forests:

  1. Forest provide a number of economically important products
  2. They protect the soil, retain and regulate flow of rain water.

Conservation of Wildlife:

  1. Wildlife is important in maintaining ecological balance of the area,
  2. It is gene bank for improvement of domesticated plants and animals.

Question 54.
“Affluent life style has a negative effect on the environment.” Justify this statement with the help of an example. (CCE 2014, CBSE A.I. 2016)
Answer:
Affluent life style has an approach of convenience , use and throw habit. It not only wastes a lot of natural resources but also produces a lot of wastes. 36% of solid waste consists of packing materials. Americans annually throw away about 50 billion food and drink cans and 27 billion glass botdes and jars.

Question 55.
Recycling is considered a welcome practice to deal with the environmental problems. Justify this statement with two arguments. (CCE 2014)
Answer:
Recycling or processing of waste articles to form new articles is the best practice to save the environment from piling up of wastes, contamination and pollution. It also saves the resources, e.g.,

  1. Formation of new metal from metallic wastes,
  2. Formation of new glass from broken glass.

Question 56.
Recycling of paper, metal, plastic and e-waste is done at most of the places. Mention the positive impact of this recycling process on environment. (CCE 2014)
Answer:
Recycling or processing of waste articles to form new articles is the best practice to save the environment from piling up of wastes, contamination and pollution. It also saves the resources.

Question 57.
From the following list, select the items that cpnstitute electronic waste : Mobile phone, T.V., Key Board, Pressure cooker, Key Ring , Pen drive and table. (CCE 2014)
Answer:
Mobile phone, T.V., Pen drive.

Question 58.
(a) What is watershed management system ?
(b) List two benefits derived by the communities that participate in the system. (CCE 2014)
Answer:
(a) Watershed management is the prevention of soil erosion by planting of more trees and other vegetation in high raised areas which are the source of run off to low lying areas.
(b)

  1. There will be absence of landslides and excessive runoff during the rains.
  2. Forest products become available to the communities participating in the system.

Question 59.
List two main causes of the pollution of river Ganga. State how pollution and contamination of river prove harmful for the health of the people of neighbouring areas. (CCE 2015)
Answer:
Causes :

  1. Passage of raw sewage from towns and cities into it.
  2. Passage of industrial effluents.
  3. Immersion of ashes, bathing, washing and throwing of carcases,
  4. Run off from fields.

Effect :

  1. Spread of water borne diseases,
  2. Contamination of fish and other animals.

Question 60.
List any two advantages associated with water stored in the ground.
Answer:

  1. Ground water does not evaporate,
  2. It is not contaminated easily,
  3. It is available throughout the year.

Question 61.
Give four advantages of building a dam over a river. (CCE 2015)
Answer:

  1. Prevention of Floods. Dams store excess water during rains and therefore prevent flooding.
  2. Generation of Electricity. Dams are used for generation of electricity.
  3. Irrigation. They provide irrigation water to a large area all around the year.
  4. Drinking Water. Many towns and cities receive drinking water from canals originating from dams.

Question 62.
With the increasing human population demand for resources has also increased at an exponential rate.
What can be done for management of our natural resources ? (CCE 2015)
Answer:

  1. Controlled exploitation,
  2. Minimal wastage
  3. Recycle and reuse
  4. Conversion of wastes into useful products.

Question 63.
What is meant by sustainable development ? Can the change in perception of the use of natural resources by the people help it ?
Answer:
Sustainable Development: Sustainable development is a strategy of development which can be sustained for a long time without undue damage to the environment.
Change in Perception: Yes, the habit of use and throw should be curbed. Recycle and reuse should be adopted. Smaller and more effecient devices be built. Wastage at every step should be checked.

Question 64.
(a) Why do we need to manage our resources carefully ?
(b) Why management of natural resources requires a long term prespective ? (CCE 2015)
Answer:
(a) Management of resources is controlling the use of resources so as to

  1. Provide for their sustained availability and
  2. Equitable distribution.

(b) A long term prospective must be taken into considerations during management of natural resources so that latter continue to remain available for future generations.

Question 65.
List four measures that can be taken to conserve forests. (CCE 2015)
Answer:
Conservation is protection, augmentation and scientific management of a resource so as to maintain it at its optimum level while providing sustainable benefits for the present as well as future generations. Some approaches for conservation of forests are as follows :

  1. Afforestation and Reforestation. Afforestation is developing forest over an area where none existed earlier. Reforestation is developing forest cover which has been cleared during exploitation. Degraded forests are also mended to bring them back to health. All this is done by state forest department either by themselves or with the help of joint forest management committees.
  2. Separation of Commercial Forestry. Useful plants required for meeting commercial needs should be planted separately so that there is no undue pressure on natural forests. Social forestry is growing multipurpose plants on village common lands for meeting requirement of fodder, firewood and small timber. Production plantation is growing industry required plants on wastelands.
  3. Controlled grazing.
  4. Prevention of scraping and litter removal.
  5. Practising block cutting or cutting of forest equal to its regeneration capacity.
  6. Building of national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.

Question 66.
List four products of burning of coal. (CCE 2015)
Answer:
Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, fly ash.

Question 67.
List four advantages of properly managed water-shed management. (CBSE Delhi 2016)
Answer:
Definition: Watershed management is the prevention of soil erosion by planting of more trees and other vegetation in high raised areas which are the source of run off to low lying areas.
Advantages:

  1. Prevents flooding,
  2. Checks soil erosion.
  3. Retains water underground and prevents drought,
  4. Increases life of downstream reservoirs and dams,
  5. Higher biomass production and income of water shed community,
  6. Maintenance of ecological balance.

Question 68.
Explain giving example where active involvement of local people led to efficient management of forest. (CBSE Delhi 2016)
Answer:
Sal forest of Arabari in Midnapore district of Bengal was highly degraded and could not be revived despite best efforts of forest department. In 1972, forest officer A.K. Banerjee involved villagers in regeneration of the forest by providing them employment in silviculture and harvesting, 25% harvest and allowed collection of fuel wood and fodder at nominal charges. By 1983, the forest was fully revived.

Question 69.
What is sustainable development ? State its two main objectives. (CBSE Foreign 2016)
Answer:
Definition: Sustainable development is a strategy of development which can be sustained for a long time without undue damage to the environment.
Objectives:

  1. To provide benefits of development not only to present generation but also the future generations
  2. Provide healthy environment and life support system.

Question 70.
List four causes of damage to forests. (CBSE Foreign 2016)
Answer:

  1. Overgrazing, scraping and excessive collection of fuel wood by the villagers and forest dwellers.
  2. Clearing of forest areas by industrialists for obtaining plant products including timber and wood pulp.
  3. Development project* like building of dams, roads, canals, spread of urban areas, agriculture, etc.
  4. Development of facilities for tourists and nature lovers.

Question 71.
Forest are “biodiversity hot spots”. Justify this statement. (CBSE A.I. 2016)
Answer:
A biodiversity hot spot is an area having diverse types of organisms adopted to local conditions but are
threatened by degradation and fragmentation if not managed properly. Forests are called biodiversity hot . spots as their flora and fauna are threatened by high degree of exploitation and human interference.

Question 72.
List four stake holders which may be helpful in conservation of forests. (CBSEA.I. 2016)
Answer:
The four stakeholders in forests and wildlife are

  1. People living in and around forests who obtain most of their requirements from forests,
  2. Forest department which owns the forests.
  3. Industrialists who obtain raw materials for their industries,
  4. Wildlife and nature enthusiasts. Among them the persons living in and around the forests have traditional knowledge of how best the forests can be managed so that a sustainable yield can be obtained indefinitely. Therefore, authority for management of forest produce should be handed over to them. However, the forest department must monitor the same so that there is no excessive exploitation.

Question 73.
Management of forest and wildlife resources is a very challenging task. Why ? Give two reasons.
(CBSE Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Management of forest and wildlife resources is keeping them at optimum profitable level not only for the present generation but also for the furture generations. However, it is a highly challenging task as there is pressure on forests to turn monoculture for industry and providing land for roads, canals, dams, agriculture, development of industrial hubs. Similarly, management of wildlife resources is equally tedious as depletion of forests results in depletion of wildlife.

Question 74.
Why is sustainable management of natural resources necessary ? (CBSE Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Natural resources are limited in their availability. Any over-exploitation will result in their depletion and hence scarcity for future generations.

Question 75.
Explain how would the involvement of local people be useful for successful management of forests.
(CBSE Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Forest dwellers are dependent on forest produce for various aspects of life. They have developed practices to avail different resources at different times of the year. The involvement of local people in management of forests helps in sustainable availability of resources besides better care of the forests.

Question 76.
How do advantages of exploiting natural resources with short term gains in mind differ from the advantages of managing our resources with long term perspective ? (C.B.S.E’. Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Short-Term Gains: There is rapid development, industrial growth and growth of economy. However, the resources dwindle rapidly leading to slump.
Long Term Prespective: There is sustainable exploitation of resources so that development and growth of economy continues for generations.

Question 77.
What is meant by wildlife ? How is it important ? (CBSE Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Wildlife: It is living beings comprising animals, plants and microrganisms which are found in the wild. They are neither domesticated/trained nor cultivated.
Importance: 

  1. Wildlife is important in maintaining ecological balance of the area,
  2. It is gene bank for improvement of domesticated plants and animals.

Question 78.
Why is equitable distribution of resources essential in a society ? List two forces which are against such distribution. (CBSEA.I. 2017)
Answer:
Need for Equitable Distribution. Resources are living and non-living components of nature which are drawn upon to provide food, fodder, shelter, water, energy, articles of daily use and comforts. Every human being has the fundamental right to obtain and use the same. This is possible only when there is equitable distribution of resources.
Forces Against Equitable Distribution,

  1. Restricted availability of resources,
  2. Excessive consumption by the rich,
  3. Profit motto by the persons exploiting resources.

Question 79.
Why are coal and petroleum categorised as natural resources ? Give a reason as to why they should be used judiciously. (CBSEA.I. 2017)
Answer:
Coal and petroleum are called natural resources because they are obtained from nature. They are nonrenewable. Hence they should be used judiciously so as to remain available for a long time to come.

Question 80.
Why are certain forests considerd “biodiversity hotspots” ? Suggest any two ways in which an individual can contribute effectively to the management of forests and wildlife. (CBSE Foreign 2017)
Answer:
Forest are called hotspots of biodiversity as they contain a number of endemic species which are threatened due to indiscriminate human exploitation and interference.
Management of Forests and Wildlife,

  1. Provention of overexplistation.
  2. Making people aware of ecological benefits of forests and wildlife.

Question 81.
List the products of combustion of fossil fuels. State the harmful effects of these products on envrionment.
(CBSE Foreign 2017)
Answer:
CO2, CO, flyash, NOx, SO2 and hydrocarbons. They cause global warming (CO2), acid rains (NOx, SO2), smog (hydrocarbons, NOx and SO2).

Question 82.
Suggest any two ways by which the balance between the envrionment and industrial development is maintained so as to help undisturbed survivial of the organisms on the earth. (CBSE Foreign 2017)
Answer:

  1. Separation of commercial forestry or production plantation from main foresty.
  2. Recycling of waste water generated by industries.
  3. Treatment of industrial effluents and control of air pollution.

Short Answer Questions (3 Marks Each)

Question 1.
What is meant by exploitation of resources with short term aims ? List any four advantages.
(CBSE Delhi 2009 C)
Answer:
Short Term Aims: Exploitation of resources with short term aims is to obtain and utilise the resources to the maximum so that the benefits are available almost immediately.
Advantages,

  1. It opens avenues for rapid industrial growth,
  2. People get employment opportunities,
  3. Commodities become available in plenty,
  4. Growth in economy allows better development of public facilities.

Question 2.
What is Chipko movement ? How did this movement ultimately benefit the local population and the environment ?
(CBSE Delhi 2009 C, Foreign 2016)
Answer:
Definition: It is a non-political public movement for conservation of natural habitats, forests and wildlife by preventing their excessive exploitation.
Benefit to Local Population: Increased availability of forest products to local people and their cattle.
Benefit to Environment: Restoration of climate, protection to soil and water resources, prevention of land slides and floods.

Question 3.
What is dam ? Write two main advantages and two ill-effects of constructing a big dam.
(CBSE Delhi 2009 C)
Answer:
Dam: It is a large water reservoir built across a stream by holding back water during rainy season.
Advantages :

  1. Prevention of Floods: Extra water during rainy season is used in filling the dam. This prevents floods.
  2. Electricity and Canal Water: Dams are used in producing electricity by allowing water to fall on turbines. The same water is then passed into canals for supply of water to crops throughout the year.

Effects

  1. Displacement. A large number of people are displaced who are unable to get gainful employment at the new place of their residence.
  2. Ecological Problems. A large forest area is submerged causing deforestation, loss of biodiversity, raising atmospheres temperature and increasing emission of methane.

Question 4.
What is meant by sustainable management ? The environmentalists are insisting upon “sustainable natural resources management ?” State its four advantages. (CBSE A.I. 2009 C)
Answer:
Sustainable Management. It is controlling the use of resource in such a way as to provide for its equitable and continuous availability not only to the present generation but also for future generation without any harmful impact on the environment. Environmentalists insist on sustainable natural resources management because of the following reasons :

  1. Equitable Distribution. The resources would be made available to all sections of the society instead of a few rich persons.
  2. Controlled Exploitation. The exploitation is restricted so as to meet the just demands of the society.
  3. Minimum Wastage. Technology is employed to ensure minimum wastage during processing of the resource.
  4. Disposal of Waste. The waste of the processing units is not allowed to degrade the environment. Instead proper safety measures are taken to convert the waste into useful product.

Question 5.
State any two reasons for lauching the “Ganga Action Plan”. Which bacteria was found in Ganga water indicating contamination ? (CCE 2011)
Answer:
Ganga is a ‘sacred’ river where people take holy bath. Its ‘sacred’ water is taken to homes and temples. The river also supplies drinking water to over 50 million people. Over the years, the river has got polluted due to discharge of untreated sewage, untreated effluents, immersion of ashes and throwing of unburnt corpses. Bacteria indicating pollution are called coliform bacteria (Escherichia colt).

Question 6.
(a) What is meant by fossil fuel ?
(b) Which fossil fuel is usually conserved when we save on electricity ?
(c) At the present rate of consumption how long will the known reserves of coal and petroleum last ?
(CCE 2011)
Answer:
(a) Fossil Fuel: Fossil fuels are energy yielding combustible substances that have been formed million of years ago by compression and anaerobic heating of organic matter.
Examples: Coal, Petroleum.
(b) Coal
(c) Petroleum — 40 years.
Coal — 200 Years.

Question 7.
List three advantages of different ancient water harvesting techniques developed in various parts of India.
(CCE 2013)
Answer:

  1. Management: The management of the local water harvesting technique was also local. This helped in making changes as per requirement and local condition.
  2. Regulation: The use of stored water was strictly regulated. Not a drop was allowed to be wasted.
  3. Cropping Pattern: It was based on water availability and experience of crop requirement.

Question 8.
Write any three problems associated with the construction of large dams which had led to public opposition in some areas. (CCE 2011)
Answer:

  1. Social Problems:. A large number of tribals, peasants and other villagers are displaced. Provision of adequate compensation and rehabilitation measures are not made. The oustees of Tawa dam of M.P. built in 1970s have not yet received the promised compensation and help.
  2. Economic Problems: A huge amount running into thousands of crores is spent on building large sized dams. They do not generate proportionate benefits.
  3. Environmental Problems: There is enormous deforestation and loss of biodiversity.
    A number of other problems are also there which have not yet been raised by environmentalists. Every dam has a life span. What would be after the expiry of this period. Dams emit a lot of methane. They add to global warming. Water borne diseases increase in number. Impoundment of huge water can disturb the geology of the area. Seepage of water inside the earth can add to this disturbance. Hoover dam of USA has triggered a number of earthquakes. An earthquake in the area of a dam can cause deluge.

Question 9.
(a) Water is elixir of life, a very important natural resource. Your science teacher wants you to prepare a plan for a formative assessment activity. “How to save water, the vital natural resource”. Write any two ways that you will suggest to bring awareness in your neighbourhood “how to save water”.
(b) Name and explain any one way by which the underground water table does not go down further.
(CBSE A.I. 2017)
Answer:
(a) Awareness. It can be created through

  1. Preparing a brochure on saving water and distributing the same among all the residents. While distributing the literature, people can be told about the requirement of saving water and how to do it.
  2. Staging play about the importance of water.

(b) Water Table. Lowering of water table can be prevented through rain water harvesting by capturing, collection and storage of rain water through filling small water bodies and recharging ground water through filter wells and other means of passing rain and flood water into earth.

Long Answer Questions (5 Marks Each)

Question 1.
The nature and wildlife enthusiasts who do not depend upon forests have considerable say in their management. Initially the conservationists raised their voice for particular animals like tigers, elephants, rhinoceros. They have now recognized the need to preserve biodiversity ?
(a) Explain reason for this change of approach of wildlife enthusiasts.
(b) State two values that inspire them for this approach. (CCE 2015)
Answer:
(a) Nature and wildlife enthusiasts are highly educated, well connected and influential persons who are concerned about degradation of environment and depletion of natural resources including forests and wildlife. They were initially concerned about the dwindling population of big animals like tigers, elephants and rhinoceros. The enthusiasts soon realized that ecological balance can be maintained only by preserving the biodiversity of nautre. They have, therefore, started emphasising on creation of protected areas where exploitation is minimal and preservation is maximum.
(b)

  1. Love of Nature. Nature in its entirely is a pleasure to watch. It has inspired all our poets, writers and artists besides providing recreation to all others.
  2. Welfare of Tribals. Tribals have been living in and around forests for centuries. They not only meet their requirements from forests but are also traditionally conservationists with a lot of traditional knowl¬edge-of wildlife uses. By conserving biodiversity the welfare of the tribals will also be taken care of.

Question 2.
Yamuna river passing through 22Km in Delhi was once described as the life line of the city but today it has become one of the most polluted rivers in the country. According to CPCB, the water quality of Yamuna river falls under the category “E” which makes it fit for only for recreation and industrial cooling. It is completely unfit for underwater life.
(a) Give two possible causes of water pollution in Yamuna river.
(b) Suggest any one method by which pollution could be reduced in Yamuna river.
(c) Mention the values protrayed by you here ? (CCE 2015)
Answer:
(a) Causes of Water Pollution:

  1. Passage of untreated and half treated sewage into river.
  2. Passage of untreated industrial effluents into it.
  3. Dumping of garbage, waste water and other materials by people living in slums on the bank of river.

(b) Prevention of Pollution:

  1. Only properly treated and tested water should be allowed to be passed into river.
  2. Industrial effluents should not be allowed to flow into river. Every industrial unit must have its own effluent treatment.
  3. Slums should be shifted away from the banks and parks developed there to prevent future encroachments.

(c) Values :

  1. Critical thinking
  2. Problem solving
  3. Control of pollution
  4. Love for nature.

Hope given Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources are helpful to complete your science homework.

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