Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems Class 12 MCQs Questions with Answers
MCQ Class 12 Geography Chapter 12 Question 1.
Glasswares, plastic containers, polythene bags, ashes, floppies, CDs, are examples of:
(A) pollutants
(B) solid waste
(C) fertilizers
(D) poison
Answer:
(B) solid waste
Explanation:
Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from human activities in residential, industrial or commercial areas.
Question 2.
Leather, pulp and paper, textiles and chemicals industries are the major :
(A) acid rain producing industries
(B) water polluting industries
(C) pesticides producing industries
(D) Toxin polluting industries
Answer:
(B) water polluting industries
Explanation:
They are industries that discharge more than 1,00,000 litres of wastewater and/or hazardous chemicals into the rivers.
Question 3.
Combustion of fossil fuels, mining and industries are the main sources :
(A) air pollution
(B) noise pollution
(C) smog
(D) diseases
Answer:
(A) air pollution
Explanation:
There are many different types of air pollutants, such as gases, particulates, and biological molecules. Some air pollutants are ? poisonous.
Question 4.
The immediate alterations that the world is witness in climate all across the globe is due to :
(A) global warming
(B) water borne diseases
(C) reservoirs
(D) regular rains
Answer:
(A) global warming
Explanation:
Climate change includes both global warming driven by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns ?
Question 5.
……………. are residential areas of the least choice, dilapidated houses, poor hygienic conditions, poor ventilation, lack of basic amenities like drinking water, light and toilet facilities, etc.
(A) Slums
(B) Flats
(C) Bunglows
(D) playground
Answer:
(A) Slums
Explanation:
A slum is a highly populated ;; f urban residential area consisting of densely f p packed housing units of weak built quality.
Question 6.
…………… makes people vulnerable to drug abuse, alcoholism, crime, vandalism, escapism, apathy and ultimately social exclusion.
(A) Crime
(B) Poverty
(C) Criticism
(D) adrenal rush
Answer:
(B) Poverty
Explanation:
Poverty is the state of not having enough material possessions or income for a if person’s basic needs.
Question 7.
Temporary or a permanent decline in productive capacity of the land is known as :
(A) land degradation
(B) marshy land
(C) desalination of land
(D) land up gradation
Answer:
(A) land degradation
Explanation:
Land degradation is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable.
Question 8.
Which stretch of Yamuna is most polluted?
(A) Delhi to Ghaziabad
(B) Delhi to Agra
(C) Delhi to Noida
(D) Delhi to Etawah
Answer:
(D) Delhi to Etawah
Explanation:
At least 90% of domestic and industrial wastewater in the city flows into the Yamuna.
Question 9.
Mention the sources of water pollution in India.
(A) Toxic effluents from industries
(B) Sewage disposal
(C) Pesticides
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(D) All of the Above
Explanation:
The largest source of water pollution in India is untreated sewage. Other sources of pollution include agricultural runoff and unregulated small-scale industry. Most rivers, lakes and surface water in India are polluted due to industries, untreated sewage and solid wastes.
Question 10.
‘Urban waste disposal is a serious problem in India.’ Suggest measures that we as citizens can take to solve this problem of urban waste.
(A) Proper waste disposal bins provided by the municipality
(B) Segregate the wet and dry waste
(C) fines can be issued for not disposing waste in the required manner
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(D) All of the Above
Explanation:
The key to efficient waste management is to ensure proper segregation of waste at source and to ensure that the wastegoes through different streams of recycling and resource recovery. Then reduced final residue is then deposited scientifically in sanitary landfills.
Question 11.
National Mission for Clean Ganga was started in:
(A) 2009
(B) 2011
(C) 2013
(D) 2014
Answer:
(B) 2011
Explanation:
The aim of National Mission for Clean Ganga was to maintain minimum ecological flows in the river Ganga with the aim of ensuring water quality and environmentally
Question 12.
Gullied/ ravenous land, deserted or coastal sands, barren rocky areas, steep sloping land are examples of:
(A) Wasteland
(B) Upland
(C) Refill
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(A) Wasteland
Explanation:
Wastelands are degraded lands where the soil might have low productive capacity
Question 13.
The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched in:
(A) 2014
(B) 2015
(C) 2016
(D) 2017
Answer:
(A) 2014
Explanation:
Swachh Bharat Mission, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, or Clean India Mission is a country-wide campaign initiated by the Government of India in 2014 to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management sustainable development.
Question 14.
Jhabua district is located in the western most agro- climatic zone in Madhya Pradesh suffers from:
(A) High rains
(B) Resource degradation
(C) High tourist activities
(D) High Government control
Answer:
(B) Resource degradation
Explanation:
Resource degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources.
Question 15.
Rajiv Gandhi Mission for Watershed Management was started in:
(A) 1998
(B) 1996
(C) 1994
(D) 1992
Answer:
(C) 1994
Explanation:
The Rajiv Gandhi Mission for Watershed Management is an ambitious Programme of the Government of M.E
Question 16.
Migration of people from developing to developed countries will normally cause an absolute increase in global:
(A) emissions
(B) unrest
(C) harmony
(D) peace
Answer:
(A) emissions
Explanation:
Migration causes land degradation and the degradation of coastal and marine ecosystems due to over use of the resources to cater for the need of the new influx of population.
Assertion and Reason Based MCQs
Directions: In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(Q A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false and R is true.
Question 1.
Assertion (A): Environmental pollution results from ‘there lease of substances and energy from waste products of human activities.
Reason (R): There are many types of pollution. E Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation:
Since the era of Industrial Revolution, man has continued to introduce hazardous materials into the environment at an alarming rate. Man’s activities through urbanization, industrialization, mining, and exploration are at the forefront of global environmental pollution. Among these activities, industry is the most significant contributor.
Question 2.
Assertion (A): Surface water available from rivers, canals,lakes, etc. is never pure.
Reason (R): It contains small quantities of suspended particles, organic and inorganic substances.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
When concentration of these suspended particles , organic and inorganic substances increases, the water becomes polluted, and hence becomes unfit for use.
Question 3.
Assertion (A): Through watershed management programme the degradation of land in Jhabua district has controlled in a significant manner. Reason (R): About 20% of the total area under Jhabua district has been treated by the watershed programmes.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
This programme has helped to improve soil quality in the district. They planted fodder grass on the pasture land and | adopted social fencing of these lands for at least two years.
Question 4.
Assertion (A): Poisonous elements released from the industries reach the reservoirs, rivers and other water bodies, which destroy the bio-system of these waters.
Reason (R): Most of the industrial wastes are disposed off in running water or lakes.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Industries produce several undesirable products including industrial wastes, polluted waste water, poisonous gases, chemical residuals, numerous heavy metals, dust, smoke, etc. Most of the industrial wastes are disposed off in running water or lakes.
Question 5.
Assertion (A): Various types of chemicals used in modern agriculture such as inorganic fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides are also pollution generating components.
Reason (R): These chemicals are washed down to rivers, lakes and tanks.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Water pollution results when contaminants are introduced into the natural environment. Pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture can contaminate both groundwater and surface water. Fertiliser induces an increase in the nitrate content of surface waters. Farms also discharge large quantities of agro chemicals, organic matter, drug residues, sediments and saline drainage into water bodies.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): Ganga, as a river, has national importance.
Reason (R): The river requires cleaning by effectively controlling the pollution for its water.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The main causes of water pollution in the Ganga River are the disposal of human sewage and animal waste, increasing population density, and disposal of industrial waste into the river Therefore, the river requires cleaning by effectively controlling the pollution for its
water
Question 7.
Assertion (A): Combustion of fossil fuels, mining and industries are the main sources of air pollution.
Reason (R): These processes release oxides of sulphur and nitrogen,hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead and asbestos.
Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Fossil fuels as coal and oil for electricity production and road transportation, add huge amount of air pollutants like carbon dioxide, nitrogen and sulfur dioxide. Sulfur I dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and fly ash are 1 produced as main pollutants if coal is used 8 as a fuel. Fossil fuels contain sulphur. On combustion they produce sulphur dioxide and 1 sulphur trioxide. These oxides form sulphuric 1 acid and sulphurous acid in the atmosphere.
Question 8.
Assertion (A): Noise pollution refers to the state of unbearable and uncomfortable to human beings which is caused by noise from different sources.
Reason (R): This matter has become a serious concern only in recent years due to a variety of technological innovations.
Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Noise pollution impacts millions of people on a daily basis. The most common health problem it causes is Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Exposure to loud noise can also cause high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep disturbances, and stress.
Case-Based MCQs
I. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Buses merely skirt the periphery. Auto rickshaws cannot go there, Dharavi is part of central Mumbai where three wheelers are banned. Only one main road traverses the slum, the miscalled ‘ninety-foot road’, which has been reduced to less than half of that for most of its length. Some of the side alleys and lanes are so narrow that not even a bicycle can pass.
The whole neighbourhood consists of temporary buildings, two or three storeyed high with rusty iron stairways to the upper part, where a single room is rented by a whole family, sometimes accommodating twelve or more people; it is a kind of tropical version of the industrial dwelling of Victorian London’s East End.
But Dharavi is a keeper of more sombre secrets than the revulsion it inspires in the rich; a revulsion, moreover, that is, in direct proportion to the role it serves in the creation of the wealth of Bombay. In this place of shadow less, treeless sunlight, uncollected garbage, stagnant pools of foul water, where the only non- human creatures are the shining black crows and long grey rats, some of the most beautiful, valuable and useful articles in India are made. From Dharavi come delicate ceramics and pottery, exquisite embroidery and zari work, sophisticated leather goods, high-fashion garments, finely-wrought metalwork, delicate jewellery
settings, wood carvings and furniture that would find its way into the richest houses, both in India and abroad.
Dharavi was an arm of the sea, that was filled by waste, largely produced by the people who have come to live there: Scheduled Castes and poor Muslims. It comprises rambling buildings of corrugated metal, 20 metres high in places, used for the treatment of hides and tanning. There are pleasant parts, but rotting garbage is everywhere…”
Question 1.
In which state is Dharavi located?
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Maharashtra
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Assam
Answer:
(B) Maharashtra
Explanation:
Dharavi is a locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, considered to be one of § Asia’s largest slums.
Question 2.
To which place has Dharavi been compared to?
(A) Victorian London’s East End
(B) Victorian London’s West End
(C) Victorian London’s North End
(D) Victorian London’s South End
Answer:
(A) Victorian London’s East End
Explanation:
Dharavi has been compared to Victorian London’s East End as the area to contain some of the worst poverty in Britain.
Question 3.
Which of these are not made in Dharavi?
(A) Jewellery
(B) Pottery
(C) Garments
(D) Stationery
Answer:
(D) Stationery
Explanation:
Dharavi has an active informal economy in which numerous household enterprises employ many of the slum residents leather, textiles and pottery products are among the goods made inside Dharavi.
Question 4.
According to the passage, earlier Dharavi was a/an of the sea?
(A) Face
(B) Leg
(C) Arm
(D) Body
Answer:
(C) Arm
Explanation:
Dharavi was an arm of the sea,that was filled by waste, largely produced by the people who have come to live there.
OR
Question 1.
How many roads traverse the main slum?
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Five
(D) Ten
Answer:
(A) One
Question 2.
To whom does Dharavi inspire revulsion into?
(A) Poor
(B) Rich
(C) Middle income
(D) All of these
Answer:
(B) Rich
Question 3.
Which of these is not a characteristic of Dharavi?
(A) Uncollected garbage
(B) Treeless sunlight
(C) Pools of foul water
(D) Closeness to river
Answer:
(D) Closeness to river
Explanation:
Dharavi lies between two railway lines on low-lying land, previously used as a rubbish tip, and is one of the biggest squatter settlements in the world. The Dharavi slums face a lot of problems like noise, water and air 1 | pollution, it also has no sewage or drainage systems.
Question 4.
Where are the goods made in Dharavi sold to?
(A) India
(B) Overseas
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of these
Answer:
(C) Both (A) and (B)
Explanation:
The processed hides are sold to the national and the international markets.
II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Based on the universal law “Polluter pays”, a silent but strong effort to restore the ecology and safeguard the human health with people’s participation has taken place in Daurala near Meerut. These efforts are now bearing fruits after a span of three years when Meerut based NGO had developed a model for ecological restoration.
The recent meeting of the Daurala Industries officials, NGOs, Government officials and other stakeholders at Meerut has brought out results which usually come out mainly through the Court’s decisions The powerful logics, authentic studies and the pressure of the NGO has in a way brought a new lease of life to the twelve thousand residents of this village.
It was in the year 2003 that the pitiable condition of Dauralaites drew the attention of the civil society. The groundwater of this village with a population of 12,000 persons was contaminated with heavy metals. The reason r was that the untreated wastewater of Daurala industries was leaching to the groundwater table and was also being used for irrigation.
The activists of the NGO conducted a door-to-door survey of the health status of the residents and came out with a report. The group reported that 192 deaths in the past five years have been recorded in the village due to consumption of contaminated water.
The industry came under pressure due to activism. The organisation, the village community and people’s representatives sat together to find out sustainable solutions to this problem. The industrialists showed a keen interest towards checking the deteriorating ecology. The overhead water tank’s capacity in the village was enhanced and a 900 m extra pipeline was laid to serve potable water to the community.
The silted pond of the village has been cleaned and recharged by desilting it. Large quantity of silt was removed paving way to pure water so that it percolated deep down the aquifers. Rainwater harvesting structures have been constructed at different places which has helped in diluting the contaminants of the groundwater after the monsoons. About 1000 trees have also been planted which have improved the environment.
Question 1.
How long has it taken to show results of the efforts taken by the NGO?
(A) One year
(B) Two years
(C) Three years
(D) Five years
Answer:
(C) Three years
Question 2.
What was the groundwater being used for?
(A) Drinking
(B) Irrigation
(C) Cooking food
(D) Preparing juices
Answer:
(B) Irrigation
Explanation:
Groundwater use in irrigation is increasing both in absolute terms and in percentage of total irrigation. |
Question 3.
What is potable water?
(A) Water fit for drinking
(B) Water fit for bathing
(C) Water fit for watering plants
(D) Water fit for all purposes
Answer:
(A) Water fit for drinking
Explanation:
Potable water, also known as 8 drinking water, comes from surface and ground 8 sources and is treated to levels that that meet 1 state and federal standards for consumption.
Question 4.
How has the groundwater been recharged?
(A) By filtering
(B) By distilling
(C) Bydesilting
(D) By evaporating
Answer:
(C) Bydesilting
Explanation:
Desilting is the removal of silt from a body of water.
III. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Environmental pollution by solid wastes has now got significance because of enormous growth in the quantity of wastes generated from various sources. Solid waste refers to a variety of old and used articles, for example-stained small pieces of metals, broken glassware, plastic containers, polythene bags, ash, floppies, CDs, etc., dumped at different places. These discarded materials are also termed as refuse, garbage and rubbish, etc. and are disposed of from two sources :
(i) household or domestic establishments, and (ii) industrial or commercial establishments.
The household wastes are disposed off either on public lands or on private contractors’ sites, whereas the solid wastes of industrial units are collected and disposed off through public(municipal) facilities at low lying public grounds (landfill areas). The huge turnout of ashes and debris from industries, thermal power houses and building constructions or demolitions have posed problems of serious consequences.
Solid wastes cause health hazard through creation of obnoxious smell, and harbouring of flies and rodents, which act as carriers of diseases like typhoid, diphtheria, diarrhoea, malaria and cholera, etc. These wastes cause frequent nuisance as and when these are carelessly handled, spread by wind and spluttered through rain water.
Question 1.
……………… is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from human activities in residential, industrial or commercial areas.
(A) Industrial waste
(B) Solid waste
(C) Commercial waste
(D) Animal waste
Answer:
(B) Solid waste
Explanation:
Solid waste commonly known as trash is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public.
Question 2.
How can we control the solid waste pollution?
(A) By composting
(B) By recycling
(C) By making landfills
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(D) All of the Above
Explanation:
Various methods are practiced to control solid waste pollution as composting, recycling, incineration, pyrolysis, disposal, landfills etc.
Question 3.
What are the examples of solid waste?
(A) Commercial refuse
(B) Sludge from water supply
(C) Construction debris
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(D) All of the Above
Question 4.
What has caused the increase in solid waste?
(A) Increased trade
(B) Increased urbanization
(C) Increased government policies
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(B) Increased urbanization
Explanation:
Overpopulation, urbanization and the growing technology are among the few reasons for solid waste pollution. The rising population have lead to the production of more waste, with every passing year people have several kinds of stuff to use and discard