Human Health and Disease Class 12 MCQ Questions With Answers
Human Health And Disease MCQ Question 1.
The term ‘Health’ is defined in many ways. The most accurate definition of the health would be
(A) health is the state of body and mind in a balanced condition.
(B) health is the reflection of a smiling face.
(C) health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
(D) health is the symbol of economic prosperity.
Answer:
(C) health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.
Explanation :
Health may be defined as a person’s mental and physical condition. It is a slate of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. When people are healthy, they are more efficient in their work. It also increases longevity of people and reduces infant and maternal mortality.
Human Health And Disease Class 12 MCQ Question 2.
The organisms which cause diseases in plants and animals are called
(A) pathogens.
(B) vectors.
(C) insects.
(D) worms.
Answer:
(A) pathogens.
Explanation :
Pathogens are diseases causing microorganisms, it may be bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. Pathogen disrupts the normal physiology of a multicellular animal or plant. Vector is an organism that spreads disease or parasite from one animal to another.
MCQ On Human Health And Disease Class 12 Question 3.
When an apparently healthy person is diagnosed as unhealthy by a psychiatrist, the reason could be that
(A) the patient was not efficient at his work.
(B) the patient was not economically prosperous.
(C) the patient shows behavioral and social maladjustment.
(D) he does not take interest in sports.
Answer:
(C) the patient shows behavioral and social maladjustment.
Explanation:
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing. So, when an apparently healthy person is diagnosed as unhealthy by a psychiatrist the reason could be that the patient shows behavioral and social maladjustment due to mental discomfort. If patient is not efficient at his/her work and does not show interest in routine, social, and sports activities it means that he is physically not well and needs treatment by a psychiatrist.
MCQ On Human Health And Disease Class 12 Question 4.
Diseases are broadly grouped into infectious and non-infectious diseases. In the list given below, identify the infectious diseases,
(i) Cancer
(ii) Influenza
(iii) Allergy
(iv) Small pox
(A) (i) and (ii)
(B) (ii) and (iii)
(C) (iii) and (iv)
(D) (ii) and (iv)
Answer:
(D) (ii) and (iv)
Explanation :
In the given list, influenza (ii) and smallpox (iv) are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases can be spread from one person to another, through contact with body fluids, by aerosols (through coughing and sneezing), or via a vector. Whereas cancer and allergy are non-communicable diseases and cannot spread from infected persons to healthy people.
Human Health And Disease MCQ Class 12 Question 5.
The chemical test that is used for diagnosis of typhoid is
(A) ELISA-Test
(B) ESR-Test
(C) PCR-Test
(D) Widal-Test
Answer:
(D) Widal-Test
Explanation :
Widal test is used to help make a presumptive diagnosis of enteric fever, also known as typhoid fever. Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhi. It is spread through food, milk, and water contaminated with intestinal discharges either directly or through flies and personal hygiene. Enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) is used in immunology to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample. Erythrocyte sedimenta-tion rate test (ESR) is used to detects inflammation that may be caused by infection and some autoimmune diseases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is used in molecular biology. It is used to make numerous copies of a specific segment of DNA quickly and accurately.
Class 12 Human Health And Disease MCQ Question 6.
One of the following is not the causal organism for ringworm.
(A) Microsporum
(B) Trichophyton
(C) Epidermophyton
(D) Microsporum
Answer:
(D) Microsporum
Explanation :
Ringworm infections are caused by fungi belonging to the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Microsporum is an ectomycorrhizal zoosporic fungus causing diseases of economically important vascular plants.
Class 12 Biology Chapter 8 MCQ Question 7.
Which type of immune response is responsible for the rejection of tissues/organs in the patient’s body post-transplantation?
(A) auto-immune response
(B) humoral immune response
(C) physiological immune response
(D) cell-mediated immune response
Answer:
(D) cell-mediated immune response
Explanation :
The body is able Lo differentiate self and non-self and the cell-mediated immune response is responsible for the graft rejection.
MCQ Human Health And Disease Class 12 Question 8.
Which of the following toxic substance is responsible for the malarial fever.
(A) Haemocyanin
(B) Haemozoin
(C) Haemoglobin
(D) Haemoriden
Answer:
(B) Haemozoin
Explanation:
The rupture of RIlC’s is associated with release of a toxic substance, hemozoin, which is responsible for the chill and high fever recurring every three to four days.
Class 12 Biology Human Health And Disease MCQ Question 9.
Non-specific host defense that exists prior to the exposure of an antigen is called :
(A) acquired immunity
(B) passive immunity
(C) innate immunity
(D) active immunity
Answer:
(C) innate immunity
Explanation: Innate immunity is nonspecific type of defense, that is present at the time on birth.
MCQ Of Human Health And Disease Chapter 8 Question 10.
A person with sickle cell anemia is
(A) more prone to malaria.
(B) more prone to typhoid.
(C) less prone to malaria.
(D) less prone to typhoid.
Answer:
(C) less prone to malaria.
Explanation:
A person with sickle cell anemia is less prone to malaria because in sickle cell anemia red blood cells become abnormally shaped if they inherit two faulty copies of the gene for the oxygen-carrying protein hemoglobin. The faulty gene persists because even carrying one copy of it confers some resistance to malaria. Therefore, people with normal hemoglobin A are susceptible to death from malaria but people with sickle cell trait who have one gene for hemoglobin A and other for hemoglobin S have a greater chance of surviving malaria and do not suffer adverse consequences from the hemoglobin gene.
MCQ On Human Health And Diseases Pdf Class 12 Question 11.
Opium is obtained from:
(A) Papaver somniferum
(B) Cannabis sativa
(C) Erytkroxylum coca
(D) Datura metal
Answer:
(A) Papaver somniferum
Explanation :
Opium, narcotic drug that is obtained from the unripe seedpods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).
Health And Disease Class 12 MCQ Question 12.
Synthetic drugs structurally related to adrenaline are
(A) hallucinogens
(B) Analgesics
(C) Amphetamines
(D) Barbiturates
Answer:
(C) Amphetamines
Explanation :
Amphetamines (stimulants) mimic the effect of the naturally produced hormone adrenaline.
MCQ Of Chapter 8 Biology Class 12 Question 13.
‘Smack’ is a drug obtained from the
(A) latex of Pa-paver somniferum.
(B) leaves of Cannabis sativa.
(C) flowers of Dhatura.
(D) fruits of Erythroxylum coca.
Answer:
(A) latex of Pa-paver somniferum.
Explanation :
Heroin, commonly called smack, is chemically diacetylmorphine. It is a white, odorless, bitter, crystalline compound which is obtained by acetylation of morphine, extracted from the latex of poppy plant (Papaver somniferous). Leaves of Cannabis sativa (commonly called bhang) produce cannabinoids. Dhatura flower produces tropane alkaloids (mainly sco polyamines, hyoscyamine and atropine). Atropine reduces salivation and bronchial secretions before surgery. It is also used to dilate the pupil before eye exams and to relieve pain which is caused by swelling and inflammation in the eye. Cocaine is extracted from the dried leaves and young twigs of Erythroxylum coca.
Human Health And Disease Class 12 MCQ Questions Question 14.
Tobacco consumption is known to stimulate secretion of adrenaline and nor-adrenaline. The component causing this could be
(A) nicotine
(B) tannic acid
(C) suramin
(D) catechin
Answer:
(A) nicotine
Explanation :
Nicotine is highly addictive and harmful for human health. Nicotiana tabacum, the type of nicotine is found in tobacco plants. Nicotine present in tobacco stimulates adrenal gland to release adrenaline and noradrenaline hormone which in turn increases the blood pressure and heart rate.
Chapter 8 Biology Class 12 MCQs Question 15.
The chronic intake of liver.
(A) opium
(B) alcohol
(C) cocaine
(D) tobacco
Answer:
(B) alcohol
Explanation :
Cirrhosis, which is a deadly liver disease caused due to excessive consumption of alcohol which damages the liver in such a way that is generally irreversible.
Human Health And Disease MCQ Questions Question 16.
Which one is correctly matched …
(A) Cocaine – Opiate narcotic
(B) Bhang – Analgesic
(C) Reserpine – Tranquilizer
(D) Morphine – Hallucinogen
Answer: Option (C) is correct.
Explanation :
Cocaine is a natural stimulant. It stimulates nervous system and delays fatigue. Bhang is a hallucinogen Morphine is a natural opiate derived from opium. Reserpine is a tranquiliser. It has sleep-inducing properties.
Human Health And Disease MCQs Class 12 Question 17.
Which compound is formed by acetylation of morphine?
(A) Heroin
(B) Cocaine
(C) Tobacco
(D) Marijuana
Answer:
(A) Heroin
Explanation:
Heroin is synthesized by acetylation of the two hydroxyl groups of morphine with acetyl chloride, hence its other names, diacetylmorphine or diamorphine.
Question 18.
Marijuana is extracted from
(A) dried leaves and flowers of hemp plant
(B) ergot fungus
(C) roots of hemp plant
(D) cocoa plant.
Answer:
(A) dried leaves and flowers of hemp plant
Explanation :
Marijuana is extracted from leaves and flowers of Cannabis sativa. is a CNS stimulant as it interferes with the transport of the neurotransmitter, dopamine.
(A) Valium
(B) Barbituarate
(C) Cocaine
(D) Opium
Answer:
(C) Cocaine
Explanation :
Cocaine attaches to the dopamine transporter and blocks the normal recycling process, resulting in a buildup of dopamine in the synapse, which contributes to the pleasurable effects of cocaine.
Question 20.
Which drug is used as medicine to help patients cope with depression and insomnia?
(A) Morphine
(B) Amphetamines
(C) Codeine
(D) LSD
Answer:
(B) Amphetamines
Explanation :
Amphetamines stimulate the nervous system, increase alertness and produce excitement.
Assertion and Reason Based MCQs
Directions: In the following questions a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as :
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Question 1.
Assertion (A): Acquired immunity is pathogen specific.
Reason (R): It is not present since birth.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanation :
Acquired immunity is learned, it is not present at birth.
Question 2.
Assertion (A): Sharing of injection needles between two individuals is not recommended.
Reason (R): This transmits STDs like AIDS and Hepatitis from the diseased person to the healthy person.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanation :
Sharing of injection needles is not recommended so as to avoid the transmission of STDs like AIDS and Hepatitis from the diseased person to the health person.
Question 3.
Assertion (A): Pathogens are disease-causing organisms.
Reason (R): Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic virus causing tuberculosis.
Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Explanation :
Salmonella typhi is a pathogenic bacterium that causes typhoid fever in human
Question 4.
Assertion(A): The colostrum provides passive immunity to the newborn baby.
Reason(R): In this, the readymade antibodies are directly given to protect the body.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanation :
Colostrum (Mother’s first milk) contains good amount of antibodies like IgA , which provide passive immunity to the new born and protects it from various infections.
Question 5.
Assertion (A): Bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid organiser:
Reason(R): It is the organs, to which matured lymphocytes migrate, interact with antigens and then proliferate to become effector cells.
Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Explanation :
Bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid organs as here immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensi-tive lymphocytes.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): Opioids, also called opiates used to treat pain.
Reason (R): Opioids are the drugs which kind to specific opioid receptors present in our central nervous system.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanation :
When opioids bind to specific receptors present in our CNS, they block the pain messages sent from the body through the spinal cord to the brain.
Question 7.
Assertion (A): Heroin, the smack is chemically diacetylmorphine.
Reason (R): Heroin is obtained by acetylation of morphine.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanation:
Reason is the correct explanation. of assertion. heroin is obtained by acetylation of morphine, which is extracted from the latex of the poppy plant.
Question 8.
Assertion (A): Cocaine are drug of abuse.
Reason (R): Cocaine interferes in The working of central nervous system.
Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Cocaine interferes with the trans port of the neurotransmitter dopamine, which acts as chemical messenger in our body.
Question 9.
Assertion (A): Smoking increases the carbon monoxide (CO) content in the blood which has greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen.
Reason (R): CO forms a stable bond with hemoglobin and does not allow binding of oxygen. It reduces concentration of haem bound oxygen and causes oxygen deficiency in the body.
Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Explanation :
Smoking increases the carbon monoxide (CO) content in the blood which has s greater affinity to haemoglobin than oxygen. (CO) forms a stable bond with haemoglobin and does not allow binding of oxygen. It reduces concentration of haem bound oxygen and causes oxygen deficiency in the body. Smok
ing also damages alveolar walls, which reduces respiratory surface (emphysema).
Question 10.
Assertion (A): Ganja is obtained from Cannabis sativa / hemp plant.
Reason (R): It is hallucinogenic, alters perception, causes illusion and damages cardiovascular system.
Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
Ganja is obtained from Cannabis sativa hemp plant. It is hallucinogenic, alters perception, causes illusion and damages cardiovascular system.
Case-Based MCQs
Attempt any four sub-parts from each question. Each sub-part carries 1 mark.
I. Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same :
Shivani studies in class I. Her parents come from a backward family and are unaware of immunization program. So, she did not get vaccinated properly. Once playing with her friends in the park, she fell down due to weakness and later complained of high fever, headache and stiffness in her neck.
Question 1.
The microbe responsible for Shivani’s illness may be:
(A) Vibrio cholerae
(B) Enterovirus
(C) Plasmodium
(D) Mycobacterium
Answer:
(A) Vibrio cholerae
Explanation:
The symptoms shown by Shivani suspects of having polio which is caused by a species of enterovirus.
Question 2.
Which vaccine if administered earlier, would have saved Shivani from the illness she contracted, unfortunately?
(A) MMR Vaccine
(B) Varicella Vaccine
(C) BCG Vaccine
(D) Salk Vaccine
Answer:
(D) Salk Vaccine
Explanation :
Salk Vaccine or inactivated poliovirus vaccine if administered earlier would have saved Shivani from contracting the disease.
Question 3.
The disease that Shivani has contracted spreads through:
(A) Mosquito bite
(B) Bite of infected dog
(C) Fecal oral route
(D) Direct contact of an infected person
Answer:
(C) Fecal oral route
Explanation: Poliovirus is contagious it spreads through stool of an infected person, droplets from sneeze, cough of infected person.
Question 4.
This type of infection produces inflammation in:
(A) Bones
(B) Liver
(C) Nervous System
(D) Heart
Answer:
(C) Nervous System
Explanation :
Polio produces inflammation in nervous system.
Question 5.
A step that can help to eradicate the disease Shivani has contracted is:
(A) Live Polio Vaccine
(B) Killed polio vaccine
(C) Combination of live and killed vaccines
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(C) Combination of live and killed vaccines
Explanation :
Combination of live and killed polio vaccines can help in eradication of polio a disease Shivani has contracted.
II. Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Balanced diet, personal hygiene and regular exercise are very important to maintain good health. Any disturbance of structure or function of the body may be regarded as disease. Diseases can broadly be categorized into infectious (communicable) and non-infectious (non-communicable). A wide range of organisms belonging to bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans etc. could cause diseases in man.
Question 1.
Which of the following diseases are communicable?
(A) Infectious diseases
(B) Deficiency diseases
(C) Allergies
(D) Degenerative diseases.
Answer:
(A) Infectious diseases
Explanation:
Communicable, or infectious diseases, are caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi that can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another.
Question 2.
Which among the following is a set of bacterial diseases?
(A) Cholera, typhoid and mumps
(B) Malaria, mumps and poliomyelitis
(C) Diphtheria, leprosy and plague
(D) Tetanus, Tuberculosis and measles.
Answer:
(C) Diphtheria, leprosy and plague
Explanation :
Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection that affects the mucous membranes of the throat and nose. Although it spreads easily from one person to another, diphtheria can be prevented through the use of vaccines. Leprosy is a chronic, progressive bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the nerves of the extremities, the skin, the lining of the nose, and the upper respiratory tract. The plague is a serious bacterial infection that can be deadly. Sometimes referred to as the “black plague,” the disease is caused by a bacterial strain called Yersinia pestis. This bacterium is found in animals throughout the world and is usually transmitted to humans through fleas.
Question 3.
The nature of the spread of communicable diseases is known as.
(A) Parasitology
(B) Immunology
(C) Epidemiology
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(C) Epidemiology
Explanation :
Epidemiology deals with the occurrence, distribution and causes of diseases in mankind.
Question 4.
DPT vaccine is used for the immunization of :
(A) Cholera
(B) Bubonic plague
(C) Typhoid fever
(D) Whooping cough.
Answer:
(D) Whooping cough.
Explanation :
DTP vaccine can prevent diph-theria, tetanus, and pertussis. Diphtheria and pertussis spread from person to person. Tetanus enters the body through cuts or wounds. Diphtheria can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, or death.
Directions: In the following questions a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as :
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Question 5.
Assertion (A): Diphtheria is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Reason (R): Corynebacterium diphtheriae produce a potent exotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis in epithelial cells.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
III. Read the passage and answer any four questions.
A group of youth were having a ‘rave party’ in an isolated area and was raided by police. Packets of ‘smack’ and syringes with needles were found littered around.
Question 1.
Why is taking ‘smack’ considered an abuse?
(A) because it causes drug dependence
(B) because it affects nervous system
(C) because it impairs one’s psychological functions
(D) all of these
Answer:
(D) all of these
Explanation :
An addictive substance causes drug dependence and affects nervous system. When used in more amounts or frequencies it impairs ones physical and psychological functions.
Question 2.
Which of the following drug is commonly known as Smack?
(A) Heroin
(B) Morphine
(C) Codeine
(D) Pethidine
Answer:
(A) Heroin
Explanation :
Heroin is commonly known as smack or brown sugar. It is a semisynthetic white crystalline powdery substance, which is chemically diacetylmorphine and is obtained by the acetylation of morphine.
Question 3.
‘Smack’ is a drug obtained from the
(A) Latex of Papaver somniferum
(B) Leaves of Cannabis sativa
(C) Flowers of Datura
(D) Fruits of Erythroxylum coca
Answer:
(A) Latex of Papaver somniferum
Explanation :
Latex of Paparer somniferum.
Question 4.
Syringes and needles used by the youth for taking the drug could prove to be very fatal as:
(A) They can acquire serious infections.
(B) They can lead to malnutrition.
(C) They can cause transmission of parasitic disease.
(D) They can lead to cardiac arrest.
Answer:
(A) They can acquire serious infections.
Explanation :
They can acquire serious infections transmission of HIV infections AIDS hepatitis.
Question 5.
When an healthy person is diagnosed as unhealthy by a psychiatrist, the reason could be that
(A) The patient was not efficient at his work.
(B) The patient was not economically prosperous.
(C) The patient shows behavioral and social maladjustment.
(D) The does not take interest in sports.
Answer:
(C) The patient shows behavioral and social maladjustment.
Explanation :
Health can be defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. So, when an apparently healthy person ” is diagnosed as unhealthy by a psychiatrist, the reason could be that the patient shows behavioral and social maladjustment. Due to mental discomfort.