Biotechnology and its Applications Class 12 MCQ Questions With Answers
MCQs Of Biology Class 12 Chapter 12 Question 1.
What triggers activation of protoxin to active Bt toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis in bollworm?
(A) Body temperature
(B) Moist surface of midgut
(C) Alkaline ph of gut
(D) Acidic ph of stomach
Answer:
(C) Alkaline ph of gut
Explanation :
Bt toxin protein exists as inactive protoxins but once an insect ingest the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilise the crystals.
Biotechnology And its Applications Class 12 MCQ Question 2.
Which of the following is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?
(A) Retrovirus
(B) pBR 322
(C) 1 Phage
(D) Ti plasmid
Answer:
(A) Retrovirus
Explanation :
Retrovirus is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes.
Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 MCQ Question 3.
The first human hormone produced by recombinant DNA technology is:
(A) Insulin
(B) Estrogen
(C) Thyroxine
(D) Progesterone
Ans.
(A) Insulin
Explanation :
In 1983, Eli Lily an American company prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B chains of human it insulin and introduced them in plasmids of to produce insulin chains. The chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin.
MCQ On Biotechnology And its Applications Pdf Chapter 12 Question 4.
Bt cotton is not
(A) a genetically modified (GM) plant.
(B) insect resistant.
(C) a bacterial gene expressing system.
(D) resistant to all pesticides.
Answer:
(D) resistant to all pesticides.
Explanation:
Bt cotton is a genetically modified (GM) plant which is resistant to insects. These plants are produced by the insertion of one or more genes from a common soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis. These genes encode for the production of insecticidal proteins, and thus, genetically transformed plants produce one or more toxins as they grow.
Biotechnology And its Applications MCQ Chapter 12 Question 5.
C-peptide of human insulin is
(A) a part of mature insulin molecule.
(B) responsible for formation of disulphide bridges.
(C) removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin.
(D) responsible for its biological activity.
Ans.
(C) removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin.
Explanation :
Insulin and C-pcptide arc linked when first made by the pancreas. C-peptide is removed from the pancreatic beta-cells during cleavage of insulin from proinsulin.
Biotechnology And its Applications MCQ With Answers Question 6.
A pro-toxin is
(A) a primitive toxin
(B) a denatured toxin
(C) toxin produced by protozoa
(D) inactive toxin
Answer:
(D) inactive toxin
Explanation :
Bt toxin protein exist as inactive protoxins but once an insect ingests the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form of toxin due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilize the crystals.
MCQ On Biotechnology And its Applications Class 12 Question 7.
Golden rice is
(A) a variety of rice grown along the yellow river in China.
(B) long-stored rice having yellow colour tint.
(C) transgenic rice having gene for pcarotene .
(D) wild variety of rice with yellow coloured grains.
Answer:
(C) transgenic rice having gene for pcarotene .
Explanation :
Golden Rice is a new type of rice that contains betacarotene (provitamin A), which is converted into vitamin A as needed by the body and gives the grain its golden colour. It is developed through genetic engineering and produces two new enzymes that complete the beta carotene expression in the rice grain.
Biotechnology And its Application MCQ Class 12 Chapter 12 Question 8.
Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because
(A) bacteria are resistant to the toxin.
(B) toxin is immature.
(C) toxin is inactive.
(D) bacteria enclose toxin in a special sac.
Answer:
(C) toxin is inactive.
Explanation :
Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because toxin is inactive.
MCQ Of Biotechnology And its Application Class 12 Question 9.
A probe which is a molecule used to locate specific sequences in a mixture of DNA or RNA molecules could be
(A) a single stranded RNA
(B) a single stranded DNA
(C) either RNA or DNA
(D) can be ss-DNA but not ss RNA
Answer:
(C) either RNA or DNA
Explanation :
A single stranded DNA or RNA, ” lagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridise to its complementary” DNA in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography.
MCQs On Biotechnology And its Applications Class 12 Question 10.
The site of production of ADA in the body is
(A) bone marrow
(B) lymphocytes
(C) blood plasma
(D) monocytes
Answer:
(B) lymphocytes
Explanation :
The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year old girl with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. This enzyme is crucial for the immune system to function. The disorder is caused due to the deletion of the gene for adenosine deaminase. In some children ADA deficiency can be cured by bone marrow transplant lation.
Biotechnology And its Applications MCQs Class 12 Chapter 12 Question 11.
Use of bio-resources by multinational companies and organizations without authorisation from the concerned country and its people is called
(A) Bio-infringement
(B) Bioexploitation
(C) Biodegradation
(D) Biopiracy
Answer:
(D) Biopiracy
Explanation :
Some organisations and multinational companies exploit or get patent for the biological resources of other nations without proper authorization from the concerned countries and this is called biopiracy.
MCQ Questions On Biotechnology And its Applications Chapter 12 Question 12.
Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of
(A) Mice
(B) Cow
(C) Pig
(D) Fish
Answer:
(A) Mice
Explanation :
Over 95% of all existing trans genic animals are mice.
Question 13.
Which body of the Government of India regulates GM research and safety of introducing GM organisms for public services.
(A) Bio-safety committee
(B) Indian council of Agricultural Research
(C) Genetic Engineering Approval committee
(D) Research Committee on Genetic Manipulation.
Answer:
(C) Genetic Engineering Approval committee
Explanation :
Indian government has set up an organisation. Genetic engineering approval committee (GEAC) which makes decisions regarding validity of CM research and its use for public utility.
Question 14.
α-1 antitrypsin is
(A) an antacid.
(B) an enzyme
(C) used to treat arthritis
(D) used to treat emphysema
Answer:
(D) used to treat emphysema
Explanation :
Transgenic animals that produce useful biological prod ucls can be created by the g introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (a-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema.
Question 15.
Choose the correct option regarding Retrovirus
(A) an RNA virus that can synthesise DNA during infection.
(B) a DNA virus that can synthesise RNA during infection.
(C) a ss DNA virus.
(D) a dsRNA virus.
Ans.
(A) an RNA virus that can synthesise DNA during infection.
Explanation :
A retrovirus is RNA virus which is capable to synthesise DNA during infection.
Question 16
is a first transgenic cow.
(A) Dolly
(B) Molly
(C) Shelly
(D) Rosie
Answer:
(D) Rosie
Explanation:
In 1997, Rosie, the first transgenic cow produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 gm per litre).
Question 17.
GEAC stands for
(A) Genome Engineering Action Committee.
(B) Ground Environment Action Committee.
(C) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee.
(D) Genetic and Environment Approval committee.
Answer:
(D) Genetic and Environment Approval committee.
Explanation :
The Indian Government has set up organisations such as GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee), which will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services.
Question 18.
The polio vaccine was tested on :
(A) Mice
(B) Monkey
(C) Rabbit
(D) Dog
Answer:
(A) Mice
Explanation :
Transgenic mice are being devel¬oped and used in testing the safety of vaccines before they are used for humAnswer:The polio vaccine was tested in mice.
Question 19.
Transgenic animals are
(A) Animals whose DNA is manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene
(B) Animals whose RNA is manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene
(C) Animals whose both DNA and RNA are manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene.
(D) None of the above
Ans.
(A) Animals whose DNA is manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene
Explanation :
Transgenic animals are animals whose DNA is manipulated to possess and express an extra (foreign) gene e.g. Rosie – transgenic cow.
Question 20.
India has ………. varieties of Basmati rice.
(A) 30
(B) 29
(C) 12
(D) 27 0
Ans.
(D) 27 0
Explanation :
India has 27 varieties of Basmati rice.
Assertion and Reason Based MCQs
Directions: In the following questions a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as.:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Question 1.
Assertion (A): Norman E. Borlaug was the father of “Green revolution”.
Reason (R): Green revolution is the period when there is significant increase in agricultural productivity of grains (specially wheat and rice).
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
Question 2.
Assertion (A): ‘BE in Bt toxin represent Bacillus thuringiensis.
Reason (R): ‘Bt’ toxin is produced by a virus.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
Explanation :
Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is wrong as Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis. fiS
Question 3.
Assertion (A): Genetically modification make crops more tolerant to abiotic stress (cold, drought, etc.)
Reason (R): Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) genes have been altered by manipulation.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
Question 4.
Assertion (A): Ti plasmid (tumor-inducing plasmid) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used as a cloning vector.
Reason (R): Ti plasmid integrates a segment of its DNA, termed T-DNA into the chromosomal DNA of its host plant cells.
Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
The Ti plasmid (tumour-inducing plasmid) of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been modified (does not cause tumour) and used as a cloning vector. The Ti plasmid integrates a segment of its DNA, termed T-DNA into the chromosomal DNA of its host plant cells.
Question 5.
Assertion (A): The inactive form of toxic proteins are advantageous to the bacteria producing it.
Reason( R): Low concentration of a bacteria or virus, even at a time when the symptoms of the disease are not visible, can be detected.
Answer:
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanation :
Many proteins including certain toxins are secreted in their inactive form. They get activated, only when exposed to a specific trigger (pi L, temperature, etc.). It is advanta geous to the bacLerin producing it because the bacterium does not gel killed due to the action of protein. Low concentration of a bacteria or virus, even aL a time when the symptoms of Lhe disease are not visible, can be detected by amplification of their nucleic acid bv PGR methods.
Question 6.
Assertion (A): Transgenic animals had their DNA manipulated.
Reason (R): 95% of all existing transgenic animals are mice.
Answer:
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanation :
Transgenic animals originates from recombinant DNA.
Question 7.
Assertion (A): GEAC will decide the safety of introducing GM organism for public use.
Reason (R): Genetic modifications of organisms may have opposite results when introduced into the ecosystem.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
Question 8.
Assertion (A): Transgenic mice are being used to test the safety of the polio vaccine.
Reason (R): It could replace the use of monkeys to test the safety of batches of the vaccine.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion
Question 9.
Assertion (A): Rosie was the first transgenic cow.
Reason (R): It contained human alpha lactalbumin.
Answer:
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanation :
Transgenic animals are animals whose genes are altered by manipulation (recombinant DNA technology). Rosie was the first transgenic cow. The milk produced by it was protein rich. It contained human alpha lactalbumin. This milk was nutritionally richer and balanced as compared to that of normal cow.
Question 10.
Assertion (A): An American company is allowed the company to sell a ‘neW variety of Basmati rice.
Reason (R) : Indian Basmati was crossed with semidwarf varieties and claimed as a novelty.
Answer:
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanation :
In 1997, an American company got patent rights on Basmati rice through the Patent and Trademark Office. This allowed 1 the company to sell a ‘new’ variety of Basmati r, which had actually been derived from Indian farmer’s varieties. Indian Basmati was crossed with semi-dwarf varieties and claimed as a novelty.
Case-Based MCQs
Attempt any four sub-parts from each question. Each sub-part carries 1 mark.
I. Read the following and answer questions from Question 1. to Question 5. given below:
Plants having foreign genes in their genome through genetic engineering are called transgenic plants. Genes can be incorporated either through a vector or through direct introduction of DNA. Bt cotton is a genetically modified organism which is pest resistant. It contains gene cry Ac and cry II Ab of Bacillus thuringiensis. It is used to control lepidopterans, coleopterans and dipterAnswer:Bt cotton can resist cotton bollworm and produce higher yields. Cry gene produces cry protein or Bt toxin. It is an endotoxin which remains as protoxin in plants and converted to active toxin after getting ingested by the insects. Alkaline pH of the insect gut solubilizes the protein crystals, the activated toxin creates pores to the mid guts wall of the insects which cause them to death.
Question 1.
What is true about Bt cotton crops?
(A) They are fungal resistant
(B) They are insect resistant
(C) They are drought resistant
(D) All of these
Answer:
(D) All of these
Explanation :
Bt cotton crops arefungal resistant, insect resistant and drought resistant.
Question 2.
Cotton bollworms are killed by the protein encoded by the gene
(A) cry I Ac
(B) cry I Ab
(C) cry II Ab
(D) both A and C
Answer:
(D) both A and C
Explanation :
Bt cotton is a genetically modified organism which is pest resistant. contains gene cry I Ac and cry II Ab of Bacillus thuringiensis. It is used to control lepidopterans, coleopterans and dipterAnswer:Bt cotton can resisL cotton bollworm and produce higher yields.
Question 3.
Identify which of the following is not an advantage of GM crops?
(A) GM plants enhance nutritional value of food.
(B) GM plants are more tolerant to abiotic stresses.
(C) GM plants have helped to reduce post-harvest losses.
(D) GM plants can cause gene transfer to non-target plant species.
Answer:
(D) GM plants can cause gene transfer to non-target plant species.
Explanation:
The advantage of GM plants are they enhance nutritional value of food, are more tolerant to abiotic stresses, have helped to reduce post-harvest losses.
Question 4.
Bacillus thuringiensis is a
(A) airborne bacteria
(B) soil-borne fungus
(C) soil-borne bacteria
(D) foodborne bacteria
Answer:
(B) soil-borne fungus
Explanation :
Bt is a microbe naturally found in soil. It makes proteins that are toxic to immature insects (larvae). There are many types of Bt. Each targets different insect groups.
Question 5.
Some strains of Bacillus thurin giensis can kill certain insects such as
(A) lepidopterans
(B) scorpion
(C) fruit fly
(D) dragonfly
Answer:
(A) lepidopterans
Explanation :
Lepidopterans are an order of insects consisting of moths and butterflies. Some insects of this order can be killed by the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis.
II. Read the following text and answer the following questions on the basis of the same:
Transgenic animals have their DNA manipulated to possess and express an extra gene. The genome of these animals has been changed and they can carry genes from other species. The first transgenic sheep was Tracy. The reason behind producing these transgenic animals are for specific economic trait, some are produced as disease models (animals genetically manipulated to exhibit disease symptoms so that effective treatment can be studied).
Question 1.
were the first mammals to be transgenic animals.
(A) Sheep
(B) Mice
(C) Fruit flies
(D) None of these
Answer:
(B) Mice
Explanation :
The first transgenic animal were mice created by Rudolf Jaenisch.
Question 2.
95% transgenic animals are :
(A) Mice
(B) Cat
(C) Dog
(D) Sheep
Answer:
(A) Mice
Explanation :
Mice were the first transgenic animal and they high successful rate of transformation among the mammals.
Question 3.
1st cloned animal is:
(A) Rat
(B) Rabbit
(C) Pig
(D) Sheep.
Answer:
(D) Sheep.
Explanation :
Dolly sheep was the first cloned animal from the somatic cell.
Question 4.
The 1st transgenic cow is:
(A) Mosie
(B) Rosie
(C) Dosie
(D) Cowsie.
Answer:
(B) Rosie
Explanation:
The Rosie was she first transgenic cow created in 1997 that consist of human alpha lactalbumin gene.
Directions: In the following questions a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as :
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Question 5.
Assertion (A): Dolly, was the first mammal to be cloned from an udder cell.
Reason (R): To create, Dolly the Finn Dorset ewe, Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell used aid from three mothers.
Answer:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
Explanatiim :
Dolly was cloned from somatic cell taken from mammary gland.
III. Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and technology. During the past three decades biotechnology has gained attention due to the gene cloning process. Biotechnological applications are playing important role in agriculture. They are used in agro-chemical based agriculture, in organic farming, genetically engineered crop-based agriculture. The green revolution is the milestone or result of these biotechnological processes.
Question 1.
has been called the “Father of Green Revolution.”
(A) Dr. Verghese Kurien
(B) Norman E. Borlaug
(C) Sam Pitroda
(D) Dr. Arun Krishnan
Answer:
(B) Norman E. Borlaug
Explanation :
Father of white revolution – Dr. Verghese Kurien Father of yellow revolution – Sam Pitroda Father of blue revolution – Dr. Arun Krishnan
Question 2.
GEAC stands for.
(A) Genetic Extension Approval Committee
(B) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
(C) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
(D) None of the above
Answer:
(B) Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
Question 3.
When does ‘Bt’ in BT toxin represent?
(A) Bioterrorism
(B) Blue tooth toxin
(C) Bleeding toxin
(D) Bacillus thuringiensis
Ans.
(D) Bacillus thuringiensis
Explanation :
Bt represent the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis that makes toxic protein for some insects.
Question 4.
Which among the following may be considered as an application of biotechnology?
(A) Energy production
(B) Waste treatment
(C) Bioremediation
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.
Explanation :
Biotechnology the production of modified products from jfipgqnic compounds, plants and animals for human welfare in waste treatment bioremediation and energy production.
Directions: In the following questions a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as :
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Question 5.
Assertion (A): Bt toxin is crystals contain insecticidal protein.
Reason (R): B. thruingiensis forms these protein crystals continuously during their growth period.
Answer:
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Explanation:
B. thuringiensis form protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth.