English Grammar

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used.

Irregular Verbs List for Class 4 CBSE Format, Topics, Examples, Samples PDF

Irregular Verbs List PDF

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used.

Synonyms and Antonyms for Class 4 CBSE Format, Topics, Examples, Samples PDF

Fundamentals

• A synonym is a word that has nearly the same meaning as another word.
• An antonym is a word that means the opposite of another word.

A. Write a synonym or antonym for the underlined words in the sentences below. The first one has been done for you.

1. John had to jump to reach the top shelf. Synonym: leap

2. My backpack is very heavy.
Antonym: ___________

3. I am very sad to see that happen.
Antonym: ___________

4. I love to go hiking in the forest.
Synonym: : ___________

5. I had an awful time at the party.
Antonym: ___________

6. Everybody is going to the concert tonight.
Antonym: ___________

B. Choose the best synonym for the following words.

1. Hurt
a. take [ ]
b. hold [ ]
c. injure [ ]
d. receive [ ]

2. Start
a. end [ ]
b. break [ ]
c. finish [ ]
d. begin [ ]

3. Clean
a. wash [ ]
b. dirty [ ]
c. use [ ]
d. soil [ ]

4. Jog
a. talk [ ]
b. walk [ ]
c. stand [ ]
d. run [ ]

C. Choose the best antonym for the following words.

1. Glance [ ]
a. make [ ]
b. watch [ ]
c. check [ ]
d. stare [ ]

2. Raise
a. decide [ ]
b. lower [ ]
c. fly [ ]
d. jump [ ]

3. Throw
a. hold [ ]
b. catch [ ]
c. toss [ ]
d. steal [ ]

4. Notice
a. hold [ ]
b. steal [ ]
c. ignore [ ]
d. attack [ ]

D. Write whether the following pair of words are synonyms or antonyms.

1. agree, disagree ____________
2. cold, freezing ____________
3. easy, difficult ____________
4. argue, squabble ____________
5. guess, estimate ____________
6. bottom, top ____________
7. tired, energetic ____________
8. huge, gigantic ____________

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used.

Prefix and Suffix for Class 4 CBSE Format, Topics, Examples, Samples PDF

A prefix is a letter or a group of letters that appears at the beginning of a word and changes the word’s original meaning.
An easy example would be the word ‘prefix’ itself! It begins with the prefix pre-( which means ‘before’.

Some prefix words are as follows.

Prefix and Suffix Exercises with Answers for Grade 4 CBSE PDF

A. Add a prefix to each word in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. Rita was ___________ to visit her friend because she had a lot of homework to do. (able)
2. Thomas’ teacher told him to ___________ his essay, (write)
3. He had spelled dozens of words ___________. (correctly)
4. Mrs. Saluja was ___________ with the low Social Studies test scores, (happy)
5. Christian ___________ his jacket when he came inside the house. (buttoned)
6. Please help you mother ___________ the groceries from the car. (load)

B. Write a single word with dis- or un- as a prefix to complete each sentence.

1. My shoe is ___________. (not tied)
2. Sumit ___________ with Amit. (does not agree)
3. Anne is ___________ to beat me in the video game, (not able)
4. Mohit ___________ his parents, (does not obey)
5. Mrs. Mathur said that she did not want ___________ works to be handed in. (not finished)

C. Write single words with prefix having the same meaning as the words given below.
Example:
to pay back – repay

1. not polite – ___________
2. charge again – ___________
3. not safe – ___________
4. spell wrong – ___________
5. behave badly – ___________
6. tie again – ___________

D. Highlight the prefix in each word. Then write a definition for each word.
Example:
refill – to fill again

1. unusual – ______________________
2. misunderstand – ______________________
3. reheat – ______________________
4. preview – ______________________

Suffix Exercises for Grade 4

A suffix is a letter or a group of letters that is added at the end of a word.

Depending on whether it is a noun, verb, adjective or adverb, a different suffix would be required. For example, the verb ‘read’ can be altered to become the noun ‘reader’ by adding the suffix- ‘er’. The same verb can also be turned into the adjective ‘readable’ by adding the suffix- ‘able’.

(As an adjective) The suffix -ful means full of. Rohan takes his time and paints with care. Rohan is a careful painter.	(As an adjective) The suffix -less means without. Jimmy paints in a hurry. Jimmy is a careless painter.
The suffixes -er, -or, and -ist mean “the person who.” sail + or = sailor A sailor is a person who sails boats. bake + er = baker A baker is a person who bakes. bicycle + ist = bicyclist A bicyclist is a person who rides a bicycle.
The suffixes -tion, -sion and -ment are usually used to change verbs into nouns. Examples: Verb – Suffix – Noun to cancel – tion – cancellation to expand – sion – expansion to advertise – ment – advertisement

Prefixes and Suffixes Exercises with Answers Pdf Grade 4 CBSE PDF

A. Write a single word with -ful or -less to complete each sentence.

1. I am ___________ to have such a loving parents, (full of thanks)
2. Sahilsawa ___________ cat wandering around town, (without a home)
3. Reena, you look ___________ in that dress, (full of beauty)
4. The squirrels in the backyard are ___________. (without harm)
5. Did you see the ___________ rainbow in the sky? (full of colour)

B. Unscramble the letters in brackets to make a word with a suffix. Write the word on the line next to each sentence. Be sure each word is spelled correctly.
1. Sandy likes to draw and paint pictures. He is an ___________ (i t r a t s)
2. Sara travels around the world. She is a ___________ ( a e r v r t e I)
3. Gagan won the contest. He is the ___________ ( n e w r n i)
4. Sunny Deol is a movie star. He is an ___________ ( c o a r t)
5. Anjali enjoys reading novels. She is an avid ___________ ( e a r r d e )
6. Reena just got a license to operate a car. She is a safe ___________ (r v e d r i)
7. Dr. Paul studies science. He is a ___________ ( c n e s s i i 11)
8. Ms. Pooja arranges flowers for a living. She is a ___________ (r i t f s I o )
9. Rehaan plays the piano. He is a ___________ (i i p n a t s )

C. Add the correct suffix (-tion,-sion,-ment) to each verb to make a noun.

Educate ___________ Subtract ___________ Persuade ___________
Protect ___________ Decide ___________ Suggest ___________
Ship ___________ Pay ___________ Amuse ___________

Definition: A noun is a part of speech that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality, or action. Examples: Mango, girl, boy, cat, etc.

Any name given to a person, thing, animal or place is called a noun.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. You can also visit the most accurate and elaborate NCERT Solutions for Class 6 English. Every question of the textbook has been answered here.

Noun Exercises for Class 6 CBSE With Answers Pdf

Kinds of Noun
There are five kinds of noun which are as follows

Common Noun
A name given to a class of persons, things or animals is common noun.
Or
Common noun is not the name of any particular person or place.

• Sunil is a nice boy. (Person)
• There is a book on the table. (Thing)
• Delhi is a big city. (Place)
• Cows are worshipped in India. (Animal)

Note: Common nouns need not be written with capital letters, except in the beginning of the sentences.

Proper Noun
The name that is particularly given to a person or place as its unique identity is called as proper noun. Proper noun must begin with a capital letter.

• Sunil is my neighbour. (Person)
• Bangalore is a very nice city. (Place)
• The Nile is the longest river in the world. (River)
• Kalidas was a very good writer. (Person)

Material Noun
The name given to material objects are called as material nouns, e.g. Water, tea, ice, rice, wood, paper and iron

• This table is made of wood.
• Many ornaments are made of silver.
• Toys made of poor quality plastic are harmful for kids.

Note: Generally, material objects are not objects, but parts of other objects.

Important points
Material objects are uncountable, i.e., they cannot be counted as 1, 2, 3, ….
But they can be measured or weighted. eg.

• 2 litres of milk (not 2 milks)
• 10 kilograms of rice (not 10 rices)
• 100 tons of wood (not 100 woods)

Collective Nouns
Collective nouns are the names given to a collection of similar things taken as a whole, e.g.

• a bunch of sticks.
• a bouquet of flowers.
• a crew of sailors/soldiers.
• an army of soldiers.
• a crowd of people.
• a herd of cattle.
• a mob of people.
• a pack of wolves.
• a school/shoal of fish.

Note:

• A single soldier cannot be called army.
• A single flower cannot be called bouquet.

Abstract Nouns
Abstract nouns are the names given to abstract things or intangible things. Abstract things are the things which cannot be seen or touched, but can be felt or experienced, e.g. Intelligence, friendship, smartness, boldness, fear etc.

• Intelligence is always admired.
• Honesty is the best policy.
• The girl’s courage saved the lives of many people.
• The length of the table is 2 meters.

Abstract nouns are the names of quality, feelings, state or action.

The Noun: Number
Nouns are used either in singular number or in plural number.
1. Singular number is the object is ‘one’ in number. e.g.

• There is a ball. (1 ball)
• Please give me a pencil. (1 pencil)

2. Plural number if the objects ‘are more than one’ in number. e.g.

• There are a lot of pencils. (More than one pencil)
• All the boys were laughing. (More than one boy)

The Rules for Making Plural forms of Singular nouns
Rule 1
Adding ‘s’ as a suffix.

• bat – bats
• doll – dolls
• cat – cats
• elephant – elephants
• pen – pens
• tree – trees

Rule 2
Adding ‘es’ to the nouns which end in ‘s, sh, ch, x’.

• wish – wishes
• bench – benches
• watch – watches
• box – boxes
• glass – glasses
• fox – foxes

Exception

• ox – oxen

Rule 3
The nouns ending in *y\
If there is a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) before ‘y’ then add ‘s’,

• boy – boys
• guy – guys
• toy – toys

If there is a consonant before y then remove ‘y’ and add ‘ies’.

• baby – babies
• hanky – hankies
• fairy – fairies
• story – stories

Rule 4
Nouns ending in ‘o’.
If there is a vowel before ‘o’, add ‘s’.

• audio – audios
• video – videos
• cuckoo – cuckoos
• studio – studios

If there is a consonant before

• tomato – tomatoes
• mango mangoes
• hero – heroes

Rule 5
‘F’ or Te’ of some nouns change to ‘yes’.

• Life – lives
• Thief – thieves
• Knife knives
• Wife – wives
• Shelf – shelves

Rule 6
Change of vowel

• man – men
• woman – women
• axis – axes
• tooth – teeth
• foot – feet
• goose – geese
• mouse – mice

Rule 7
Plural of compound nouns is made as

• brother-in-law – brothers-in-law
• father-in-law – fathers-in-law
• mother-in-law – mothers-in-law

The Noun: Gender
Gender of a noun denotes the difference they have in terms of their sex.

Types of Gender

• Masculine Gender that denotes male sex. e.g. Boy, horse, father
• Feminine Gender that denotes female sex. e.g. girl, mare, mother
• Common Gender that denotes either sex. e.g. Doctor, teacher, child
• Neuter Gender that denotes neuter things or non-living things, e.g. Pen, table, glass

Rules for changing Masculine into Feminine

Rule 1
Masculine can be changed into feminine by adding ‘ess’.

• Poet – poetess
• Lion – Lioness
• Host – Hostess
• Giant – Giantess

Exception

• God – Goddess

Rule 2
In some nouns, ending in ‘r’, after removing the Vowel’ before the last letter.
Masculine can be changed into feminine by adding ‘-ess’.

• Tiger – Tigress
• Monitor – Monitress
• Actor – Actress
• Editor – Editoress

Rule 3
Masculine can be changed into the feminine by using a completely different word.

• King – Queen
• Hero – Heroine
• Uncle – Aunt
• Husband – Wife

Rule 4
Feminine of the compound nouns are made by changing the masculine word of the compound noun that comes to the front.

• He-bear – She-bear
• Bull-calf – Cow-calf
• He-goat – She-goat
• Son-in-law – Daughter-in-law.

Rule 5
Feminine of some masculine are made by removing the last vowel and consonant and then by adding ‘-ess’.

• Governor – Governess
• Murderer – Murderess

Exception

• Duke – Duchess

Rule 6
Compound nouns change their gender by changing masculine word into feminine coming later.

• Headmaster – Headmistress
• Grandfather – Grandmother
• Milkman – Milkmaid
• Peacock – Peahen

Noun Exercises Solved Examples for Class 6 CBSE

Question 1.
Point out the nouns in the following sentences and say whether they are common, proper, collective, material or abstract.
(i) Always speak the truth.
(ii) We all love honesty.
(iii) I have two children.
(iv) The lion is the king of the beasts.
(v) Solomon was the wisest of all kings.
(vi) Cleanliness is next to godliness.
(vii) Birds of a feather flock together.
(viii) Who teaches you grammar?
(ii) The Nile is the longest of all rivers.
(x) A committee of six was appointed to assess the situation.
Answer:
(i) Truth – abstract noun
(ii) Honesty – abstract noun
(iii) Children – common noun
(iv) Lion – common; king – common; beasts – common
(v) Solomon – proper noun; kings – common noun
(vi) Cleanliness – abstract noun; godliness – abstract noun
(vii) Birds – common noun; feather – common norm
(viii) Grammar – abstract noun
(ix) Nile – proper noun; rivers – common noun
(x) Committee – collective noun; Situation – abstract noun

Question 2.
Choose the correct answer to complete these sentences.
(i) I have a lot of (a lot of / a few) homework to finish by tomorrow.
(ii) There is (no/any) jam left in the jar.
(iii) If you are going to the market, pick up (some/many) bread too, please.
(iv) Joe must have
(v) There are (few/little) tigers left in this national park.
(vi) Anchal can sit in the back of the car. There is (plenty of/ a large amount of) room back there.
(vii) The term showed (a large amount o17 a lot of) enthusiasm for the upcoming game.
(viii) The gift package will arrive soon. Have (the/a little) patience.
Answer:
(ii) no
(iii) some
(iv) much
(v) few
(vi) Plenty of
(vii) a large amount of
(viii) 2 little

Noun Exercises Practice Examples for Class 6 CBSE

Question 1.
Spring Garden
Planting a vegetable garden is not only fun, it also helps to save _________ (noun/s). You will need a piece of _________ arable land. You may need a (noun) to keep the (noun/s) and _________ (noun/s) out. As soon as (noun) is here you can go out there with your sickle and plant all _________ kinds of (noun/s). Then in a few months, you will have com on the (noun) and _________ big, beautiful/ colourful flowers.

Question 2.
Choose the correct nouns from the box to complete these sentences.
universities luggage rice enthusiasm
city interview research programs
(i) We decided to have some _________ and curry for lunch.
(ii) Anita is attending an _________ today for a job.
(iii) He likes to watch _________ on animal life and conversation?
(iv) Sona and Sourav showed plenty of _________ about taking up music lessons.
(v) There has been a lot of _________ done on this subject.
(vi) Tarun has been applying to many _________ across the country.
(vii) This _________ has many historical sites and buildings.
(viii) How much _________ are you carrying on the trip?

Question 3.
Underline nouns in the following sentences:
(i) The decision was left to jury.
(ii) This furniture requires service.
(iii) Our hostess looked embarrassed.
(iv) Parents will attend the PTM.
(v) The data is misleading old doctored.
(vi) Measles spread in the town.
(vii) Old is not always gold.
(viii) What is the agenda today?
(ix) She has poor focus and attention.
(x) Cleanliness is everyone’s concern.

Question 4.
Each of the phrases given below contains a collective noun. Complete each phrase by putting in the missing word. Choose from the box:

(i) A bunch of ___________
(ii) A bundle of ___________
(iii) A bouquet of ___________
(iv) a herd of ___________
(v) a hank of ___________
(vi) a regiment of ___________
(vii) A flock of ___________
(viii) a troupe of ___________
(ix) A crew of ___________
(x) a pack of ___________
(xi) a fleet of ___________
(xii) a shoal of ___________

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used.

Picture Story Writing for Class 4 CBSE Format, Topics, Examples, Samples PDF

It is a form of writing in which we make stories using the given pictures.

Picture Story Writing for Class 4 with Answers PDF

Sample: Write a short story about what you think is happening in the given picture.

The Festival of Lights

Reshma, Zahid and Irfan were happy. It was festival of Diwali and one of their friends had secretly bought a lot of fireworks He gave them some fireworks. Both Zahid and Irfan jumped with excitement when they lit the fire-crackers. The coloured sparks went high up in the air. Little Reshma was quite happy playing with a sparkler nearby.

She did not notice Irfan who was standing close to her. Suddenly, the sparks from her sparkler got into his hair and it caught fire. How frightened they were! Irfan screamed loudly and shouted for help. Their father, who was in the house, came out and managed to put out the fire.

Irfan was hurt and had to see a doctor. The children learned a lesson from what happened that night. They learned that it is not safe to play with fire in the absence of adults.

Picture Story Writing for Class 4 Worksheets CBSE PDF

Write a short story about what you think is happening in the given pictures.

Title: ______________________________________________________________________

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