CBSE Class 7

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
How do you think stereotypes, about what women can or cannot do, affect women’s right to equality?
Answer.
One of the stereotypes of our society about women is that they can be better nurses than army officers. The reason is that they are more patient and gentle. But women cannot be a scientist because it requires a technical mind which they don’t have. But there are women who have proved these stereotypes wrong.

For example Kiran Bedi, the first women IPS officer who has set a chain of records of successes in police service. Other examples, Kalpana Chawla, the first woman of Indian origin went into space after getting success in studying astrophysics. Thus, the above stereotypes of our society affect women’s right to equality.

Question 2.
List one reason why learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashsundari Devi, Ramabai and Rokeya.
Answer.
Learning the alphabet was so important to women like Rashsundari Devi, Ramabai and Rokeya because of the following reason:

1. Rashsundari Devi: She was not allowed to read or write.
2. Ramabai: Women were not allowed to seek knowledge.
3. Rokeya: Women, exposed to new ideas through English, were not thought to be correct. After learning, they were able to write about their experiences.

Question 3.
“Poor girls drop out of school because they are not interested in getting an education.” Re-read the last paragraph on page 62 (NCERT Textbook) and explain why this statement is not true.
Answer.
The statement “Poor girls drop out of school because they are not interested in getting an education” is not true because:

1. There are neither proper schools nor teachers, who teach on a regular basis in rural areas.
2. There are no transport facilities like buses or vans if schools are far away from people’s homes. As a result, parents are not willing to send their girls to school.
3. Most of the families are too poor to bear the cost of educating all their children.

Question 4.
Can you describe two methods of struggle that the women’s movement used to raise issues? If you had to organize a struggle against stereotypes, about what women can or cannot do, what method would you employ from the ones that you have read about? Why would you choose this particular method?
Answer.
(1) The two methods of struggle that the women’s movement used are:
Campaigning: It is an important part of the women’s movement in a planned way to achieve a certain purpose or goal. For example, a women’s campaign led the Supreme Court to formulate guidelines in 1997 to protect women against sexual harassment at the workplace and within educational institutions.

Protesting: Protesting is a method of struggle of an individual or group of people against an unfavourable law or policy. For example, women protested against the violation of women’s rights of better treatment by the husband and in-laws at home.

(2) If I had to organize a struggle against stereotypes, I would employ the campaigning method.

(3) I would choose this particular method because it raises the issues and. makes aware the people concerning to the problem, positively. It leads the decision-making authority to go in-depth about the issue.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Draw images of the following:
A farmer, a factory worker, a nurse, a scientist, a pilot, and a teacher. (NCERT Page 55)
Answer.

Question 2.
See what images your class drew by filling in the table below. Add up the number of male and female images separately for each occupation.

(i) Are there more images of men than women?
(ii) In what kinds of jobs were there more images of men than women?
(iii) Have all the nurses been drawn as females? Why?
(iv) Are there fewer images of female farmers? If so, why? (NCERT Page 55)
Answer.

1. Yes, there are more images of men than women.
2. In the following jobs as
   • Manual work
   • Military and Defence
   • Office jobs
   • Industries and Factories
   • Farmers
   • Scientists
   • Pilots
3. Most nurses have been drawn as females because male nurses are very few and far between. Females are generous, kind, compassionate, considerate, and enduring. Hence, they are preferred as nurses.
4. Yes, because the work of a farmer is very strenuous and arduous. Women cannot do much physical work. Though there are a few females who are engaged in farming.

Question 3.
How does your class exercise compare with Rosie Ma’am’s class exercise? (NCERT Page 56)
Rosie Ma’am’s class has 30 children. She did the same exercise in her class and here is the result. (See Figure in NCERT Textbook on page 56)

Answer.
Our class exercise is comparable to that of Rosie Ma’am’s class exercise.
In both the Exercises

1. Females are more in the teaching profession than males.
2. Not a single woman is engaged as a farmer in Rosie Ma’am’s exercise but in our exercise, a few women are engaged as farmers.
3. Very few women work in factories.
4. No man works as a nurse in both exercises.
5. The number of women is far less as scientists.
6. Likewise, very few females are pilots.

Question 4.
Read the story and answer the questions:

1. If you were Xavier, what subject would you choose and why?
2. In your experience, what are some of the other pressures that boys experience? (NCERT Page 58)

Answer.

1. I would have chosen history as that would help me to know about our past.
2. All children especially boys feel pressure from other sources as well.
   • Sometimes, these are demands from parents about taking up a subject or career options.
   • Unfair teasing from the peer groups.
   • Getting a good job with a high salary.
   • Controlling emotions not to cry.

Question 5.
Here is a table that shows the percentage of girls and boys who leave schools from different social groups. Scheduled Caste (SC) is the official term for Dalit, and Scheduled Tribe (ST) is the official term for Adivasi.

1. What percentage of children leave school at the elementary level?
2. At which level of education do you see the highest percentage of children leaving?
3. Why do you think that the percentage of Adivasi girls and boys leaving school is higher than that of any other group? (NCERT Page 62)

Answer.

1. 52%.
2. At the secondary level (63%).
3. Because of the following reasons:
   • Very few schools in Adivasi areas.
   • No teacher in schools.
   • No schools in the vicinity of their homes.
   • No transport facilities for distant schools.
   • The mindset of parents.

Question 6.
From the given table above, convert the figures of primary class children who leave school into a bar diagram. The first two percentages have already been converted for you in the bar diagram on the left. (NCERT Page 63)
Answer.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Women Change the World, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 4 The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 4 The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 4 The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom

IMPORTANT PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION

Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option :

I

Question 1.
The good souls bought a piece of land, made a feast for their friends, and gave plentifully to their poor neighbours.       (Page 57)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The good souls turned rich
(a) suddenly
(b) in an hour
(c) within a short time
(d) overnight
Answer.
(b) in an hour

Question 2.

The quality of feasting and sharing shows their
(a) kindness
(b) generosity
(c) concern
(d) goodness
Answer.
(b) generosity

Question 3.
Which part of speech is plentifully
(a) adjective
(b) verb
(c) adverb
(d) noun
Answer.
(c) adverb

Question 2.
That night the spirit of the dog appeared to him in a dream and said “Cut down the pine tree over my grave,          (Page 58)
Questions.

1.  Which night does the phrase ‘that night refer to ?
2.  Who saw the spirit of the dog in his dream ?
3.  Where was the pine tree located ?

Answers.

1.  The phrase ‘that night’ refers to the night when his old master had mourned over his
   death.
2.  The spirit of the dog was seen by his old master (in his dream).
3.  The pine tree was (located) on the grave of the dog.

II

Question 3.
“Take the ashes of the mill, sprinkle them on the withered trees and they will bloom again,” said the dog-spirit          (Page 60)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The miracle of ashes was tried on
(a) the mill
(b) the withered trees
(c) the blossoms
(d) the mortar
Answer.
(b) the withered trees

Question 2.
The withered trees sprouted as
(a) green trees
(b) beauty
(c) flowers
(d) blossoms
Answer.
(d) blossoms

Question 3.
The ashes had to be
(a) kept on the tree
(b) hidden under the tree
(c) sprinkled on the tree
(d) tied to the tree Answers
Answer.
(c) sprinkled on the tree

Question 4.
The delighted daimio ordered the train to be stopped and got out to see the wonder.     (Page 62)
Questions.

1.  Why was the daimio delighted ?
2.  Why had the train stopped ?
3.  What wonder had been there ?

Answers.

1.  The daimio was delighted to see the tree blossom.
2.  The train had stopped by the king’s order.
3.  The withered cherry tree had burst into blossom.

Question 5.
The wind blew the fine dust in the noses and eyes of the daimio and his wife    (Page 63)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The greedy neighbour threw ashes on
(a) pine tree
(b) the cherry tree
(c) the withered cherry tree
(d) the withered pine tree
Answer.
(c) the withered cherry tree

Question 2.
The result was
(a) the tree blossomed
(b) the tree did blossom partially
(c) that sneezing and choking made daimio and his wife uncomfortable
(d) good
Answer.
(c) that sneezing and choking made daimio and his wife uncomfortable

Question 3.
The action of the wicked neighbour also spoiled
(a) the pomp and dignity of the procession
(b) the discipline of the crowd
(c) the mood of the body guard
(d) the leader’s uniform
Answer.
(a) the pomp and dignity of the procession

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

Comprehension Check (Page 60)
Question 1.
Why did the neighbours kill the dog ?
Answer.
The neighbours killed the dog out of frustration. They had tried to tempt and
please the dog. First they offered him fish and other dainties. The dog was afraid of them. He did not touch the food.
Then they dragged him out of doors. They hoped him to find treasure for them. The dog began to scratch the ground under a pine tree. The couple was happy. They began to dig. Instead of the treasure, they found a dead kitten.
The couple was now very angry. So they killed the dog.

Question 2.
Mark the right item

(i) The old farmer and his wife loved the dog
(a) because it helped them in their day-to-day work.
(b) as if it was their own baby.
(c) as they were kind to all living beings.
Answer.
(b) as if it was their own baby.

(ii) When the old couple became rich, they
(a) gave the dog better food.
(b) invited their greedy neighbours to a feast..
(c) lived comfortably and were generous towards their poor neighbours.
Answer.
(c) lived comfortably and were generous towards their poor neighbours.

(iii) The greedy couple borrowed the mill and the mortar to make
(a) rice pastry and bean sauce.
(b) magic ash to win rewards.
(c) a pile of gold.
Answer.
(c) a pile of gold.

Working with the Text
Answer the following Questions :
Question 1.
The old farmer is a kind person. What evidence of his kindness do you find
in the first two paragraphs ?
Answer.
The evidence of his kindness can be seen in his treatment of his pet. He loved the dog as though it were a baby. He fed him with his own chopsticks. He gave him all the boiled rice he wanted.
A white heron followed the old man when he went to the fields. He never once harmed this heron. Moreover, he often turned up a sod on purpose to give food
to the birds. Thus the old farmer was kind to everything that had life.

Question 2.
What did the dog do to lead the farmer to the hidden gold ?
Answer.
One day the farmer was going to his fields. As usual the dog was following him. All of a sudden, the dog came running to him. He was also motioning with his head to some spot behind. The old man tried to ignore him. The dog kept on whining and running to and fro. In the end, the old man followed him. The dog brought him to a place where he began a lively scratching. The old man struck his hoe in the earth at that place. Soon, a pile of gold was found.

Question 3.
(i) How did the spirit of the dog help the farmer first ?
(ii) How did it help him next ?
Answers.
(i) First the spirit of the dog appeared to him in a dream. It urged him to cut down the pine tree over his grave and make from it a mortar for the rice pastry. It also asked him to make a mill of that wood for his bean sauce. The farmer did so.
The farmer’s wife put the boiled rice into the mortar. The farmer pounded the rice into dough. Suddenly the whole mass turned into gold coins. Now the old woman began to grind the beans for sauce. Gold dropped like rain. Thus the spirit of the dog helped the farmer first.
(ii) Then the wicked people had burnt the farmer’s mill. Now the good man dreamed again. This time the spirit asked him to take the ashes of the mill. He asked the old man to sprinkle them on withered trees. The old man awoke. He went to his wicked neighbour and humbly asked for the ashes. Thus he filled his basket with the ashes.
The farmer’s favourite cherry tree was bare. He sprinkled a pinch of ashes on it. All at once the tree sprouted blossoms. The kind farmer heard that the daimio was to pass along the high road. He set out to see him.
The old man quietly got up on a bare tree. When the daimio’s palanquin drew near, the old man scattered the ashes. In a moment the tree burst into blossoms. The happy daimio stopped and called the old farmer. He gave him many rewards. Thus the spirit of the dog had helped the farmer again.

Question 4.
Why did the daimio reward the farmer but punish his neighbour for the same act ?
Answer.
The farmer and his neighbour had done the same action. The results of the two actions were, however, not the same. The farmer’s act had filled the tree with flowers. So the daimio rewarded the farmer.
The act of the farmer’s neighbour had caused trouble to the daimio. The ashes entered the noses and eyes of the daimio and his wife. It caused much sneezing and choking. It spoiled all the pomp and dignity of the procession. So the daimio punished that neighbour of the farmer.

Working with Language
Question 1.
Read the following conversation :
Ravi     :   What are you doing?
Mridu  :    I’m reading a book.
Ravi     :    Who wrote it ?
Mridu  :    Ruskin Bond.
Ravi     :    Where did you find it ?
Mridu  :    In the library.
Notice that ‘whať, ‘who’, ‘where’, are question words. Questions that require information begin with question words. Some other question words are ‘when’, ‘why’, ‘where’, ‘which’ and ‘how’.
Remember that
• What asks about actions, things, etc.
• Who asks about people.
• Which asks about people or things.
• Where asks about place.
• When asks about time.
• Why asks about reason or purpose.
• How asks about means, manner or degree.
• Whose asks about possessions.
Read the following paragraph and frame questions on the italicised phrases.
Anil is in school. I am in school too. Anil is sitting in the left row. He is reading a book. Anil’s friend is sitting in the second row. He is sharpening his pencil. The teacher is writing on the blackboard. Children are writing in their copybooks. Some children are looking out of the window.
Answers.

1. 1.  Where is Anil ?
   2.  Which row is Anil sitting in ?
   3.  What is Anil doing ?
   4.   Which row is Anil’s friend sit ting in ?
   5.  What is he doing ?
   6.  Who is writing on the blackboard ?
   7.  What are some children doing ?

Question 2.
Write appropriate question words in the blank spaces in the following dialogue :
Neha   :  ……… did you get this book ?
Sheela : Yesterday morning.
Neha   :  ………. is your sister crying ?
Sheela : Because she has lost her doll.
Neha   :  ………. room is this, yours or hers ?
Sheela : It’s ours.
Neha   : ………. do you go to school ?
Sheela : We walk to school. It is near by.
Answers.
(a) When did you get this book ?
(b) Why is your sister crying ?
(c) Whose room is this, yours or hers ?
(d) How do you go to school ?

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box :

(i) My friend lost his chemistry book. Now he doesn’t know (a) ……….. to do and (b) …….. to look for it.
(ii) There are so many toys in the shops. Neena can’t decide ……… one tobuy.
(iii) You don’t know the way to my school. Ask the policeman ……… to get there.
(iv) You should decide soon …….. to start building your house.
(v) Do you know (a) ………. to ride a bicycle ? I don’t remember (b) ……… and (c) ……….. I learnt it.
(vi) “You should know (a) …….. to talk and (b) ……. to keep your mouth shut,” the teacher advised Anil.
Answers.

1.  (a) what (b) where
2.  which
3.  how
4.  when
5.  (a) how (b) when (c) how
6.  (a) when (b) where

Question 4.
Add im-or in- to each of the following words and use them in place of the italicised words in the sentences given below :

(i)The project appears very difficult at first sight but it can be completed if we work very hard.
(ii) He lacks competence. That’s why he can’t keep any job for more than a year.
(iii) “Don’t lose patience. Your letter will come one day,” the postman told me.
(iv) That’s not a proper remark to make under the circumstances.
(v) He appears to be without sensitivity. In fact, he is very emotional.
Answers.

1.  The project appears impossible at first sight but it can be completed if we work very hard.
2.  He is incompetent. That’s why he can’t keep any job for more than a year.
3.  “Don’t be impatient. Your letter will come one day,” said the postman.
4.  That’s an improper remark to make under the circumstances.
5.  He appears to be insensitive. In fact he is very emotional.

Question 5.
Read the following sentences :
It was a cold morning and stars still glowed in the sky.
An old man was walking along the road. The words in italics are articles. ‘A’ and ‘an’ are indefinite articles and ‘the’ is the definite article. ‘A’ is used before a singular countable noun. ‘An’ is used before a word that begins with a vowel.
• a boy             • an actor
• a mango        • an apple
• a university    • an hour

Use a, an or the in the blanks.
There was once ………. play which became very successful. ……. famous actor was acting in it. In ……….. play his role was that of ……… aristocrat who had been imprisoned in …….. castle for twenty years. In ……….. last act of play someone would come on stage with …… letter which he would hand over to ……. prisoner. Even though ………. aristocrat was not expected to read …….. letter at each performance, he always insisted that …… letter be written out from beginning to end.
Answer.
There was once a play which became very successful. A famous actor was acting in it. In the play his role was that of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in a castle for twenty years. In the last act of the play someone would come on the stage with a letter which he would hand over to the prisoner. Even though the aristocrat was not expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that the letter be written out from beginning to end.

Question 6.
Encircle the correct article :
Neena was looking for (a/the) job. After many interviews she got (a/the job she was looking for.
A  :  Would you like (a/an/the) apple or (a/an/the) banana ?
B  :  I’d like (a/an/the) apple, please.
A  :  Take (a/an/the) red one in (a/an/the) fruit bowl. You may take (a/an/the) orange also, if you like.
B  :  Which one ?
A  :  (A/An/The) one beside (a/an/the) banana.
Answers.
A : Would you like an apple or a banana ?
B : I’d like an apple please.
A : Take the red one in the fruit bowl. You may take an orange also, if you like.
B : Which one ?
A : The one beside the banana.

Speaking and Writing
Question 1.
Do you remember an anecdote or a story about a greedy or jealous person and the unhappy result of his/her action ? Narrate the story to others in your class.
Here is one for you to read.
Seeing an old man planting a fig tree, the king asked why he was doing this. The man replied that he might live to eat the fruit, and, even if he did not, his son would enjoy the figs.
“Well,” said the king, “if you do live to eat the fruit of this tree, please let me know.” The man promised to do so, and sure enough, before too long, the tree grew and bore fruit.
Packing some fine figs in a basket, the old man set out for the palace to meet the king.
The king accepted the gift and gave orders that the old man’s basket be filled with gold.
Now, next door to the old man, there lived a greedy old man jealous of his neighbour’s good fortune. He also packed some figs in a basket and took them to the palace in the hope of getting gold.
The king, on learning the man’s motive, ordered him to stand in the compound and had him pelted with figs. The old man returned home and told his wife the sad story. She consoled him by saying, “You should be thankful that our neighbour did not grow coconuts.”
Answer.
Try it yourself.

Question 2.
Put each of the following in the correct order. Then use them appropriately to fill the blanks in the paragraph that follows. Use correct punctuation marks.
• English and Hindi/both/in/he writes
• and only/a few short stories/many books in English/in Hindi
• is/my Hindi/than my English/much better
Ravi Kant is a writer, and ………. . Of course, he is much happier writing in English than in Hindi. He has written ………. . I find his books a little hard to understand. ……..
Answer.
• he writes in both, English and Hindi.
• many books in English and only a few short stories in Hindi.
• My Hindi is much better than my English.
Ravi Kant is a writer and he writes in both English and Hindi. Of course, he is much happier writing in English than in Hindi. He has written many books in English and only a few short stories in Hindi. I find his books a little hard to understand. My Hindi is much better than my English.

Question 3.
Are you fond of reading stories ? Did you read one last month ? If not, read one or two and then write a paragraph about the story. Use the following hints.

•  title of the story
•  name of author
•  how many characters
•  which one you liked
•  some details of the story
•  main point(s) as you understand it

Tell your friends why they should also read it.
Answer.
Try it yourself.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 4 The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 4 The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
Comprehension Check
(Page 38)

Question 1.
Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against each of following statements.
(i) Mr. Purcell sold birds, cats, dogs and monkeys. _______________
(ii) He was very concerned about the well-being of the birds and animals in his shop. _______________
(iii) He was impressed by the customer who bought the two doves. _______________
(iv) He was a successful shop owner, though insensitive and cold as a person. _______________
Answer:
(i) True
(ii) True
(iii) False
(iv) True

Question 2.
Why is Mr. Purcell compared to an owl ?
Answer:
Mr. Purcell wore large glasses. These magnified his eyes which looked like those of an owl. So Mr. Purcell is compared to an owl.

Question 3.
From the third paragraph pick out
(i) words associated with cries of birds,
(ii) words associated with noise,
(iii) words suggestive of confusion and fear.
Answer:
(i) Words associated with cries of birds : twitters, cheeps and squeaks.
(ii) Words associated with noise : stir, rustling, scampered. ‘
(iii) Words suggestive of confusion and fear : squeals, bewildered, frightened.

Question 4.
“…Mr. Purcell heard it no more than he would have heard the monotonous ticking of a familiar clock.” (Read para beginning with “It was a rough day …”)
(i) What does ‘it’ refer to ?
(ii) Why does Mr. Purcell not hear ‘it’ clearly ?
Answer:
(i) ‘It’ refers to the sounds and noise made by the caged animals.
(ii) Mr. Purcell does not hear it clearly because he was quite used to it.

Comprehension Check
(Page 42)

Question 1.
Do you think the atmosphere of Mr. Purcell’s shop was cheerful or depressing ? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
The atmosphere of Mr. Purcell’s shop was depressing. There were perhaps many beautiful animals. They could, however, bring no cheer to a sensitive person. The reason was that these beautiful creatures were themselves miserable and unhappy. The constant noise could turn a thoughtful man crazy. That was why the strange customer had asked Mr. Purcell, “Doesn’t it get you ?”

Question 2.
Describe the stranger who came to the pet shop. What did he want ? (Imp.)
Answer:
The stranger who came to the pet shop was coming straight from the prison. He had spent ten years there. His total earning of those ten years was five dollars.
He had shiny shoes. His suit was cheap. His dress was ill-fitting but new. He had close-cropped hair and unsteady eyes.
The stranger was not very clear about what he wanted. He had tasted freedom after ten years. Now all he wanted was to share it with someone else. This ‘someone else’ could be any creature. All he wanted was to feel the pleasure of liberty in his heart. So he said that he wanted something in cage but capable of flying.

Question 3.
(i) The man insisted on buying the doves because he was fond of birds. Do you agree ?
(ii) How had he earned the five dollars he had ?
Answer:
(i) No. The man did not love birds. The man had tasted freedom after ten years. He wanted something else also to taste the same freedom. He wanted to see and feel it. So he chose the doves. Their flight could give him a sense of freedom.
(ii) He earned five dollars after working hard as a prisoner for ten years.

Question 4.
Was the customer interested in the care and feeding of the doves he had bought ? If not, why not ?
Answer:
No, the customer was not interested in the care and feeding of the doves. It was so because he was not interested in keeping the doves. He intended to let them go free.

EXERCISES
(Page 42)

Discuss the following topics in groups.
Question 1.
Why, in your opinion, did the man set the doves free ? (Imp.)
Answer:
The man set the doves free in order to have a taste of freedom. The pleasure of liberty can be felt not only by our own freedom. We can feel this pleasure when we see mute animals being free. The man had been released from prison after ten years. This was also his way of saying ‘thanks’ to God. He did it by freeing two of God’s creatures. The cost was too high. It took all the money that he had earned after ten years of labour in prison.

Question 2.
Why did it make Mr. Purcell feel “vaguely insulted” ? (Imp.)
Answer:
Mr. Purcell felt vaguely insulted because of the action of his strange customer. For monetary gains, he had imprisoned so many of God’s creatures. Yet he considered himself a gentleman. Here was a poor man, all his earnings of ten years in prison were five dollars. He spent these five dollars in granting freedom to the doves. Thus by his action, the stranger had shown his contempt for Mr. Purcell’s profession. So it was natural for Mr. Purcell to feel vaguely insulted.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 6 I Want Something in a Cage, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are a ruler of an eighteenth-century kingdom. Tell us about the steps you would take to make your position strong in your province, and what opposition or problems you might face while doing so.
Answer.
Steps to be taken to make the position strong in our province:

1. Check on depletion of resources: financial and military.
2. Check or stop wars.
3. Check on powerful mansabdars.
4. No appointment of nobles to control revenue offices and military administration.
5. Not allowing governors to become strong.

Opposition/Problems to be faced while doing so:

1. Opposition from financial officers and military.
2. Problems from nobles/govemors.
3. Problems from mansabdars.
4. Opposition from nobles.
5. Opposition from governors.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
subadar                                                 a revenue farmer
faujdar                                                      a high noble
ijaradar                                                 provincial governor
misl                                                   Maratha peasant warriors
chauth                                            a Mughal military commander
kunbis                                                   a band of Sikh warriors
umara                                                 tax levied by the Marathas
Answer.
Subadar                                                    provincial governor
Faujdar                                              a Mughal military commander
Ijaradar                                                       a revenue farmer
Misl                                                           a band of Sikh warriors
Chauth                                                    tax levied by the Marathas
Kunbi                                                       Maratha peasant warriors
Umar                                                                 a high noble

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. Aurangzeb fought a protracted war in the ……………..
2. Umara and zamindars constituted powerful sections of the Mughal …………….
3. Asaf Jah founded the Hyderabad state in ………………
4. The founder of the Awadh state was …………………..

Answer.

1. Deccan
2. nobility
3. eighteenth century.
4. Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa‘adat Khan.

Question 3.
State whether true or false:

1. Nadir Shah invaded Bengal.
2. Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore.
3. Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
4. Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century.

Answer.

1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True.

Question 4.
What were the offices held by Saadat Khan?
Answer.
Sa’adat Khan held the offices of Subadari, diwani and faujdari. In other words, he was responsible for managing the political, financial and military affairs of the province of Awadh.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
Why did the Nawabs of Awadh and Bengal try to do away with the jagirdari system?
Answer.
The Ncuvabs of Awadh and Bengal tried to do away with the jagirdari system in order to reduce the influence of the Mughals in their states.

Question 6.
How were the Sikhs organised in the eighteenth century?
Answer.
Organisation of Sikhs in the 18th century:

1. Regional state-building in Punjab.
2. Guru Gobind Singh fought several battles with Rajput and Mughal rulers.
3. Set Khalsa in 1699.
4. After the death of Guru Gobind Singh, Banda Bahadur rose in revolt • He was captured in 1715 and executed in 1716.
5. Jathas were formed in 18th century.
6. The combined force was known as dal Khalsa.
7. Cultivators paid 20% of this product for their protection.

Question 7.
Why did the Marathas want to expand beyond the Deccan?
Answer.
Marathas wanted to establish their r unquestioned rule over the subcontinent. They also earned untold booty and resources from the wars they fought. Therefore, they wanted to expand beyond Deccan.

Question 8.
What were the policies adopted by Asaf Jah to strengthen his position?
Answer.
Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah founded the state of Hyderabad and gained control of financial and political administration:

1. He brought skilled soldiers and administrators from the north and gave them opportunities in the south.
2. He combined the offices of Subadari, faujdari and diwani.
3. He appointed mansabdars and gave them Jagirs.
4. Collected taxes through bankers and mahajans.
5. He ruled independently without seeking directions or interference from Delhi.
6. His decisions were merely confirmed by the Mughal Emperor.

Question 9.
Do you think merchants and bankers today have the kind of influence they had in the eighteenth century?
Answer.

1. Yes, I think that merchants and bankers today have the kind of influence they had in the eighteenth century.
2. For example, Reliance Company has entered into electricity distribution in Delhi.
3. It has already installed new electric meters that run much faster than the previous meters.
4. In this way, the common man suffers, as he would have suffered in the 18th century.
5. And the state government won’t do anything in this matter.
6. This proves the merchant/banker connection with governmental authorities.

Question 10.
Did any of the kingdoms mentioned in this chapter develop in your state? If so, in what ways do you think life in the state would have been different in the eighteenth century from what it is in the twenty-first century?
Answer.
One example:

• Hyderabad (now in Andhra Pradesh)
• Now democracy,
• No dictatorship

LET’S DO

Question 11.
Find out more about the architecture and culture associated with the new courts of any of the following Awadh, Bengal or Hyderabad.
Answer.
Architecture and culture associated with the new courts of the following:
Awadh, Bengal or Hyderabad {Any one).

Question 12.
Collect popular tales about rulers from any one of the following groups of people: the Rajputs, Jats, Sikhs or Marathas.
Answer.
Do this exercise yourself with the help of your history teacher.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
See Chapter 4, Table 1. Which group of people challenged Mughal authority for the longest time in Aurangzeb’s reign? (NCERT Page 139)
Answer.
Marathas.

Question 2.
In trying to consolidate their rule, why did Mughal Subadars also want to control the office of diwan? (NCERT Page 144)
Answer.
Because they wanted to control the state in toto.

Question 3.
What is the Khalsa? Do you recall reading about it in Chapter 8? (NCERT Page 148)
Answer.

1. Khalsa was set up as a path by Guru Gobind Singh.
2. Yes, we recall it.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 10 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
In this chapter, you have read that health is a wider concept than illness. Look at this quote from the Constitution and explain the terms ‘living standard’ and ‘public health’ in your own words.
An important part of the Constitution says It is the “duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.”
Answer.

1. Living standard:
   • The amount of money and level of comfort available to. a person or community is called living standard.
   • It refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to the people.
   • It is generally measured in terms of real income per person. Examples are access to certain goods like the number of refrigerators per 1000 people and services likes proper healthcare.
2. Public health:
   • Public health means a programme to promote, maintain, and conserve the health of the common people by providing health services to individuals and the community.
   • It includes observation and control of infectious diseases and promotion of healthy behaviours among the members of the community.

Question 2.
What are the different ways through which the government can take steps to provide healthcare for all? Discuss.
Answer.
The government can take steps to provide healthcare for all by taking the following steps:

1. The government can manage money for the total healthcare of the people by cutting the budget amount allocated for the defense, and security of the VIPs.
2. The budget allocation for the health services can be raised.
3. At least 30 to 40 percenter health budget should be given to local self-government, i.e., Panchayats and Municipalities.
4. The government should provide safe drinking water, sanitation, nutrition, and housing along with health education to the general public.

Question 3.
What differences do you find between private and public health services in your area? Use the following table to compare and contrast these.
Answer.

Question 4.
‘Improvement in water and sanitation can control many diseases’. Explain with the help of examples.
Answer.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Would you associate all or some of these pictures (images on pages 18-19) with ‘health’ In what ways? Discuss in groups. (NCERT Page 19)
Answer.
All these pictures are associated with health. These pictures relate to

1. Sanitary conditions
2. Availability of clean drinking water
3. Health centers
4. Hospital services

Groups can be made and each situation can be discussed.

Question 2.
Pick two situations from the above collage that are not related to illness and write two sentences on how they are related to health. (NCERT Page 19)
Answer.
Picture of the queue of utensils for water collection and of hair cutting.
Availability of pure drinking and properly sanitized instruments for hair cutting is must to prevent illness and stay healthy.

Question 3.
Can you provide a title to the two columns? (NCERT Page 20)
Answer.
The title can be:

• Advancement in health care
• The health situation in India

Question 4.
In India, it is often said that we are unable to provide health services for all because the government does not have enough money and facilities. After reading the above columns do you think this is true? Discuss. (NCERT Page 20)
Answer.
There are many developments like:

1. The largest number of medical colleges in the world.
2. Approximately 15,000 new doctors every year.
3. About 18,218 hospitals by the year 2000.
4. Extension of medical tourism due to the low cost of treatments.
5. The fourth-largest producer of medicines.

The following are some of the drawbacks of our healthcare:

1. Most doctors settle in urban areas, fewer doctors in rural areas.
2. Two million cases of malaria and five lakh cases of tuberculosis every year.
3. Water-borne communicable diseases like diarrhea, hepatitis on the rise. About 21% have no access to clean water.
4. Half of all children are malnourished.
5. Private health on the rise and the Public health care system has not grown as per the need.

In order to prevent and treat illnesses, we need appropriate healthcare facilities.

1. They are health centres, hospitals, laboratories for testing, ambulance services, blood banks, etc.
2. They can provide the required care and services that patients need.
3. In order to run these facilities, we need health workers, nurses, qualified doctors, and other health professionals who can advise, diagnose, and treat illnesses.

Healthcare Services in India

1. We also need medicines and equipment that are necessary for treating patients.
2. India has a large number of doctors, clinics, and hospitals.
3. It also has considerable experience and knowledge, in running a public healthcare system. This system of hospitals and health centres is run by the government.
4. It has the ability to look after the health of a large section of its population scattered over lakhs of villages.
5. There has been a phenomenal improvement in medical sciences with many new technologies and treatment procedures.

Question 5.
The Story of Hakim Sheik
Hakim Sheik was a member of the Paschim Banga Khet Mazdoor Samity (PBKMS), an organisation of agricultural labourers in West Bengal. One evening in 1992, he accidentally fell off a running train and suffered head injuries. He was in a very serious condition and needed immediate treatment.
He was taken to a government hospital in Kolkata but they refused to admit him because they did not have a spare bed. Another hospital did not have the facility or the specialised doctors necessary for his treatment. In this way, he spent 14 hours in a critical state and was taken to eight different government hospitals, but none of them admitted him.
Finally, he was admitted in a private hospital, where he received treatment. He spent a lot of money on his treatment. Angry and upset over the indifferent attitude of all the hospitals that refused to admit him, Hakim Sheik and PBKMS filed a case in court.

Read the story given above. Then imagine that you are a judge in the court. What would you say to Hakim Sheik? (NCERT Page 21)
Answer.
I would pronounce the judgment with due compensation to Hakim Sheik. I would also heavily fine the delinquent hospitals as a deterrent punishment for dereliction of duty.

Question 6.
Why did Ranjan have to spend so much money? Give reasons. (NCERT Page 24)
Answer.
Ranjan had to spend so much money because of the following reasons:

1. He took treatment at a private nursing home.
2. He had to purchase medicines from the open market.
3. He spent money on consultation, tests, etc.

Question 7.
What problems did Aman face in the public hospital? How do you think the hospital can work in a better manner? Discuss. (NCERT Page 24)
Answer.
Problems faced by Aman

1. Non-availability of doctors.
2. Junked and non-operational equipment.
3. Non-availability of medicines.
4. Crowded.
5. The indifference of doctors etc.
6. Proper and strict administration can get the hospital’s work in a better manner.

Question 8.
Where do you go when you are ill? Are there any problems that you face? Write a paragraph based on your experience. (NCERT Page 24)
Answer.
We generally go to private nursing homes.
Problems

• Non-availability of expert doctors on the spot.
• The high cost of treatment.
• No proper guidance and information.

Question 9.
What problems do we face in private hospitals? Discuss. (NCERT Page 24)
Answer.

1. Private hospitals are not owned or controlled by the government.
2. Patients have to- pay a lot of money for every service.
3. Sometimes incorrect practices are encouraged where patients undergo unnecessary treatments or tests.

Question 10.
Why should we pay taxes to the government? (NCERT Page 24)
Answer.
The tax money paid to the government is used for providing public services for all citizens.

1. Services like defense, police judiciary, highways, etc.
2. Developmental programmes like education, health care employment, social welfare.
3. Vocational training for the needy.
4. Rehabilitation after natural disasters.
5. Space, nuclear, or missile programmes.
6. Services to the poor by subsidies on basic amenities.

Question 11.
(a) In what ways is the public health system meant for everyone?
(b) List some Primary Health Centres (PHCs) or hospitals near your place. From your experience (or by visiting any one of them), find out the facilities provided and the people who run the center. (NCERT Page 25)
Answer.
(a) Public health system is meant for everyone in the following ways:

1. Numerous hospitals, primary health centres, dispensaries, family welfare centres.
2. No fee charged.
3. No restrictions on anyone.
4. Free supply of medicine.

(b) As in (a) above to be done with help of the Teacher.

Question 12.
Private health facilities can mean many things. Explain with the help of some examples from your area. (NCERT Page 26)
Answer.
Private Health Services:

1. A wide range of private health facilities exists in our country.
2. Countless doctors run their own private clinics.
3. In rural areas, one finds Registered Medical Practitioners (RMP).
4. Urban areas have a large number of doctors, many of them provide specialised services.
5. There are hospitals and nursing homes that are privately owned.
6. There are many laboratories that do tests and offer special facilities like X-ray, ultrasound, etc.
7. There are also medicines for selling shops. They are called chemist shops or stores.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Role of the Government in Health, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.