CBSE Class 12

Here we are providing Class 12 Economics Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics. Economics Class 12 Important Questions are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

Class 12 Economics Chapter 1 Important Extra Questions Introduction to Macroeconomics

Introduction to Macroeconomics Important Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What is microeconomics?
Answer:
Microeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the behaviour of individual decision making units such as households and firms.Equilibrium prices and quantities of goods and services are determined through the interaction of individuals in the market.

Question 2.
Define macroeconomics.
Answer:
Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the behaviour of factors affecting the economy as a whole. It focuses on the behaviour of national level aggregates such as national income, total output, employment level, price level, etc. Macroeconomics is also called aggregative economics.

Question 3.
List the events of macroeconomic study.
Answer:
The events of macroeconomic study include:

• Rate of inflation
• Level of unemployment
• Decline in agricultural and industrial output
• Fluctuations in business activities
• Accumulation of foreign exchange reserves
• Capital market changes

Question 4.
Give one example of microeconomic variable.
Answer:
Demand for a particular good is a microeconomic variable.

Question 5.
What is the name of Keynesian book published in 1936?
Answer:
The name of the Keynesian book published in 1936 is The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money’.

Introduction to Macroeconomics Important Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What do you understand by macroeconomics?
Answer:
The word ‘Macro’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Makros’, which means ‘large’. Macroeconomics I is the branch of economics that studies the behaviour of factors affecting the economy as a whole. It focuses on the behaviour of national level aggregates such as national income, total output, employment level, price level, etc.

Macroeconomics is also called aggregative economics. While in i microeconomics small groups of economic units are related to a particular good and a particular industry, in macroeconomics, these groups are related to all the goods and all the industries.

Question 2.
What is the scope of macroeconomics?
Answer:
The scope of macroeconomics can be described as below:
(i) Theory of Income and Employment: Macroeconomics studies national income, its different assumptions, methods of measurements, social accounting, etc. It also includes study related to determination of equilibrium level of income and employment.

National income and the level of employment depend upon effective demand. For the analysis of effective demand, total demand, total supply, total consumption, total investment, total saving, multiplier etc. are studied.

(ii) Theory of Money: In macroeconomics, the principles of capital are studied. Macroeconomics also studies the functions of money, changes in demand for and supply of money, and theories relating to money, banks and financial institutions.

(iii) Theory of Trade Cycles: Macroeconomics studies the fluctuations in the country’s economic activities such as aggregate production, employment, interest rates, trade, general price level, etc.

(iv) Macro Theory of Distribution: It deals with the study of relative shares of labourers and capitalists, in the form of wages and profits respectively, in the total national income.

(v) Theory of Growth: Macroeconomics studies the rate and level of economic development. Economic growth includes growth or changes due to increase in per capita real income, Public finance and financial policies of the government can also be studied by using macroeconomics.

Introduction to Macroeconomics Important Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
What is a macroeconomic paradox?
Answer:
Macroeconomic paradox is a term that captures the point that what may be true for an individual might not essentially be true for the economy as a whole.

Question 2.
Are microeconomics and macroeconomics interdependent?
Answer:
Microeconomics and macroeconomics are interdependent as:
(i) Investment in one industry depends upon the level of investment in the economy as a whole.
(ii) Aggregate Demand in macroeconomics is the sum total of demand at the micro level.

Here we are providing 1 Mark Questions for Political Science Class 12 Chapter 9 Recent Developments in Indian Politics are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

One Mark Questions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Recent Developments in Indian Politics

Question 1.
Name the two alliances fronts that formed the government at the centre in 1989 and 1996 respectively. (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
(i) National Front
(ii) United Front.

Question 2.
In 2019 who formed the government ?
Answer:
B.J.P. formed a Coalition government known as NDA.

Question 3.
Which political party emerged as the single largest party in 1996 Parliamentary elections ?
Answer:
The Bharatiya Janata Party.

Question 4.
Since 1989 until the elections of 2004 which party has been gaining strength in Lok Sabha. (C.B.S.E. 200S)
Answer:
Since 1989 until the election of 2004 Bharatiya Janata Party has been gaining strength in Lok Sabha.

Question 5.
Name any two political parties, which were the components of the Third Front for Lok Sabha elections in 2009.
Answer:

• C.P.I.
• C. P. M
• Bahujan Samaj Party
• Telugu Desam Party

Question 6.
Who is the present Prime Minister of India ? (Imp.)
Answer:
Sh. Narendra Modi.

Question 7.
From which year did the era of coalition government at the centre begin in India ? (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
The era of coalition government, at the centre, began in India from 1989.

Question 8.
In which year did the Congress ; Party win 415 seats in the Lok Sabha ? Who became the Prime Minister ? (C.B.S.E. 2012 Delhi)
Answer:
The Congress Party won 415 seats in 1984 and Sh. Rajeev Gandhi became the Prime Minister.

Question 9.
Explain the concept of a ‘coalition Government’. (C.B.S.E. 2018)
Answer:
A coalition government is formed when many small political parties or groups in a house agree to join hands on a common platform by sinking their broad differences and form a majority in the house.

Question 10.
Identify any one similarity between the united front Government of 1996 and the National Front Governemnt of 1989. (C.B.S.E. 2019)
Answer:
Both the Government of 1989 and 1996 included Janta Dal and Several other regional Parties.

Choose the correct answer :

Question 11.
In which year was Janata Dal formed ?
(a) 1975
(b) 1982
(c) 1985
(d) 1988.
Answer:
(d) 1988.

Question 12.
Who headed the coalition government of 1989 ?
(a) Chandra Shekhar
(b) V.P. Singh
(c) I.K. Gujral
(d) Rajiv Gandhi.
Answer:
(b) V.P. Singh.

Here we are providing 1 Mark Questions for Political Science Class 12 Chapter 8 Regional Aspirations are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

One Mark Questions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 8 Regional Aspirations

Question 1.
Why were the seven small states created in North-East India ? (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
The Partition of India in 1947 had reduced the North-East to a land-locked region and affected its economy. Cut-off from the rest of India, the region suffered neglect in developmental terms. These states also underwent major demographic changes due to influx of migrants from neighbouring states and countries. Therefore, for boosting the economy seven small states were created in the North-East.

Question 2.
When was the first democratic election to Sikkim Assembly held and which party swept the elections ? (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
The first democratic election to Sikkim Assembly was held in 1974 and Sikkim Congress party won the elections.

Question 3.
Justify that, “Regionalism is not as dangerous as Communalism.” (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
Regionalism only denotes a feeling of love for a particular region, while communalism encourage communal riots.

Question 4.
Why do some people feel that Article 370 should be revoked ? (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
Some people feel that Article 370 should be revoked because Article 370 does not allow full integration of the Jammu and Kashmir State with India. Therefore, on 5—6 August 2019, Article 370 was abrogated from Indian constitution.

Question 5.
The States of which region of India are referred to as the ‘Seven Sisters’? (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
The states of North-East (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram and Tripura) region of India are referred to as the ‘Seven Sisters’.

Question 6.
Mention any one point of; agreement included in the Rajiv Gandhi Logowal Accord. (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
To resolve the border dispute between Punjab and Haryana, a commission would be established.

Question 7.
Which organisation of Assam led the movement against foreign national in 1979 ? (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Or
Which students group led the anti-foreigner movement in Assam ? (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
All Assam Students Union.

Question 8.
How far is the demand for reservation beyond SCs, STs, and OBCs, justified? (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
The demand for reservation beyond SCs, STs, and OBCs should be based on economic conditions. Because poor people of every class of the society need help.

Question 9.
Why is violence between two communities considered as a threat to democracy? (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
It is true that violence between two communities is considered as a threat to democracy. India’s democratic politics is based on the premise that all religious communities enjoy the freedom that they may join any party. It is also accepted that their will not be community based political parties. Even then democratic atmosphere of the country faced many challenges during anti-Sikh riots of 1984, violence in Gujrat in 2002, demolition of Babri Masjid in 1992 etc. Thus communal riots are against democratic norms.

Choose the correct answer :

Question 10.
In which year agreement took place between Sheikh Abdullah and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi ?
(a) 1970
(b) 1974
(c) 1976
(d) 1980.
Answer:
(b) 1974

Question 11.
When Anandpur Sahib Resolution was passed ?
(a) 1962
(b) 1965
(c) 1967
(d) 1973
Answer:
(d) 1973

Question 12.
Who was the leader of the Naga National Council ?
(a) V.P. Singh
(b) Lai Denga
(c) Karunanidhi
(d) Angame Zapu Phizo.
Answer:
(d) Angame Zapu Phizo.

Question 13.
Coorrect and rewrite the statement. Ravi, Beas river dispute was resolved between Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Uttarakhand. (Sample Paper 2019-20)
Answer:
Ravi, Bears river dispute was resolved between Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.

Here we are providing 1 Mark Questions for Political Science Class 12 Chapter 6 International Organisations are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

One Mark Questions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Rise of Popular Movements

Question 1.
Which one of the two is more essential-construction of mega dams or an environmental movement that oppose it and why ? (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
The more essential is the construction of mega dams because they help in solving the problem of water and electricity of that area. People get employment also thus, construction of mega dams is very helpful for the development.

Question 2.
Highlight the most novel aspect of the Chipko Movement. (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
Women’s active participation in the Chipko Movement was a very novel aspect of the movement.

Question 3.
How did the farmers associated with Bharatiya Kisan Union differ from the most other farmers in India ? (C.B.S.E 2016)
Answer:
Farmers associated with Bharatiya Kisan Union grew cash crops for market.

Question 4.
What was the Anti-Arrack Movement? (Sample Paper C.B.S.E. 2010, 2012)
Answer:
Anti-Arrack Movement was started in Andhra Pradesh and demanded prohibition on the sale of arrack (alcohol).

Question 5.
What was Chipko Movement ? (C.B.S.E. 2008, 2012)
Answer:
The Chipko Movement (1974-77), hugging trees to prevent them from being felled, linked the issue of environmental degradation to women’s increasing toil for fuel and fodder.

Question 6.
What was the main objective of the Dalit Panthers ? (C.B.S.E. 2011 Delhi)
Answer:
The Panthers’ aim was to unite the Dalit and to bring them into their fold.

Question 7.
Name the popular movement which demanded that no forest exploiting contract be given to any outsider. (CiB.S,E. 2013)
Answer:
Chipko Movement.

Question 8.
Shetkari Sanghatahna and Raitha Sangha belonged to which two respective states ?
Answer:
Shetkari Sanghatahna belonged to Maharashtra and Raitha Sangha belonged to Karnataka.

Question 9.
Why the ongoing environmental movements are opposing the construction of mega dams ? (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2018)
Answer:
Construction of mega dams results in the displacement of large number of people living around that area.

Question 10.
Which popular movement led to the empowerment of women ? (C.B.S.E. 2018)
Answer:
Chipko movement led to the empowerment of women.

Question 11.
Explain the main recommendation of the Mandal Commission. (C.B.S.E. 2019)
Answer:
The main recommendation of Mandal Commission is 27% of the posts in Public services should be reserved for O.B.Cs.

Here we are providing 1 Mark Questions for Political Science Class 12 Chapter 6 The Crisis of Democratic Order are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.

One Mark Questions for Class 12 Political Science Chapter Chapter 6 The Crisis of Democratic Order

Question 1.
What was the main demand of the railway men during strike ? (C.B.S.E. 2012 Delhi)
Answer:
Bonus and improved conditions of service was the main demand of the railway men during the strike.

Question 2.
Why was the Congress party defeated during the elections of 1977 ? (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Or
Analyse any one reason for the defeat of the Congress Party in 1977. (C.B.S.E. 2018)
Answer:
The Congress Party was defeated in 1977 due to the imposition of emergency and practising of unconstitutional activities by its leaders.

Question 3.
Mention the main reason for the deafeat of The Congress Party in the elections of 1977. (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
The main reason for the deafeat of Congress Party in the elections of 1977 was internal emergency declared by the government.

Question 4.
How far do you agree that the proclamation of emergency weakened the federal distribution of power in India ? (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
During emergency, the federal distribution of power remained parctically suspended and all power was concentrated with the Union Government.

Question 5.
Who led the railway strike of 1974 ? What was its main demand ? (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
George Fernandes led the railway strike in 1974. Bonus and improved condition of service were the main demands of the railway employees.

Question 6.
Name any two opposition parties which were part of an electoral alliance in 1977, known as ‘Grand Alliance’. (C.B.S.E. 2013
Answer:
(1) Bharatiya Jan Sangh
(2) Swatantra Party.

Question 7.
Name the political party which came to power at the centre in 1977. (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
Janata Party.

Question 8.
Why did mid-term elections V take place in 1980 ? (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
Mid-term elections took place in 1980, because of the failure of the Janata Party Government.

Question 9.
Why did the magazines like ‘Seminar’ and ‘Mainstream’ chose to close down after the declaration of emergency in 1975 ? (C.B.S.E. 2012 Delhi)
Answer:
Seminar and Mainstream chose to close down because these magazines did not accept the censorship imposed on print media.

Question 10.
Indira Gandhi’s imposition of National Emergency in 1975 cannot be justified. Give one argument. (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2018)
Answer:
Indira Gandhi’s imposition of National Emergency in 1975 cannot be justified because Law and order situation in the country was mostly normal.

Choose the correct answer :

Question 11.
In which year internal emergency was declared by Smt. Indira Gandhi?
(a) 1965
(b) 1971
(c) 1975
(d) 1980
Answer:
(c) 1975

Question 12.
In which state Nav Nirman Movement was started ?
(a) Gujarat
(b) Punjab
(c) Bihar
(d) Haryana.
Answer:
(d) Haryana.

Question 13.
Match the following: (C.B.S.E. Sample Q.P. 2017)
(a) J.P. Narayan – (i) first prime minister belonged to non-congress
(b) Morarji Desai – (ii) Call for ‘Total Revolution’
(c) Ch. Charan Singh – (iii) Remained Prime Minister for four months only
(d) Jagjiwan Ram – (iv) Leader of ‘Congress for Democracy’
Answer:
(a) – ii, (b) – i, (c) – iii, (d) – iv.

Question 14.
Correct the following sentence and rewrite it. (Sample Paper 2019-20)
On June 1977, Prime Minister Morarji Desai recomended the imposition of the emergency to Gyani Zail Singh.
Answer:
On June 1975, Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi recommend the imposition of the emergency to Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad.