CBSE Class 12

Here we are providing NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 6 On the face of It. Students can get Class 12 English On the face of It NCERT Solutions, Questions and Answers designed by subject expert teachers.

On the face of It NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Vistas Chapter 6

On the face of It NCERT Text Book Questions and Answers

On the face of It Reading with insight

Question 1.
What is it that draws Derry towards Mr Lamb in spite of himself?
Answer:
Derry met Mr Lamb by chance. As he walked into Mr Lamb’s garden, his apprehensions were put to rest by the sensitive counselling he received. Derry, as a young boy with a burnt face, was subjected to alienation and pity.People felt that his face was “a terrible thing” and shunned him. Mr Lamb taught him how beauty was relative and individuality of each creation was to be treasured. He taught Derry to view things differently and taught him to embrace his flaw. He told Derry’ of a man who was afraid of everything and who shut himself up in a room, till a picture fell off the wall onto his head and killed him.

He told him not to hide behind his deformity. He gave Derry the conviction to achieve what he wanted out of life. Derry learnt to let go of his hatred that was eating him up from inside. When Derry defended Mr Lamb to his mother, he seemed to be overwhelmed and inspired by Mr Lamb’s ideas. He found in Mr Lamb someone who looked beyond his deformity and did not pity or fear him. Mr Lamb attracted Derry because he taught him the valuable lesson of not indulging in self-pity and of looking at the brighter side of things. He taught Derry, by his own example, to be unafraid and to face the world.

Question 2.
In which section of the play does Mr Lamb display signs of loneliness and disappointment? What are the ways in which Mr Lamb tries to overcome these feelings?
Answer:
Mr Lamb comes across as a lonely, but cheerful figure who wards off his loneliness by finding diversion in nature around him. He appears to be caught up in his own world—his garden. His leg was blown off years back and the kids called him “Lamey-Lamb” but he had learnt not to let that bother him. He lived alone in his house and spent his time watching, listening, and thinking. When Mr Lamb told Derry that he had lot of friends, Derry suspected him of lying and declared that he would probably die alone, unattended. Mr Lamb found solace in his bees and crab apples. When Derry talked of going back home, he wistfully remarked, “Once you get home, you’d never let yourself come back.”

He made an effort to befriend people, leaving the door open, and the window curtain-less. Mr Lamb tried to overcome his loneliness and did not seem overwhelmed by the same. He sat in the garden and listened to his bees singing and sat in the sun and read books. Unlike Derry, he complained little about being isolated, he found company in nature around him, content to marvel at their beauty, and the occasional visitors.

Question 3.
The actual pain or the inconvenience caused by a physical impairment is often less than the sense of alienation felt by the person with a disability. What is the kind of behaviour that the person expects from others?
Answer:
The right word for ‘physical impairment’ is ‘differently-abled’—a word framed to view people in a more sensitive manner. But, it is cruel that over 90 million physically-challenged children worldwide, of whom 36 million are in India,are being systemically excluded from mainstream education. Many of them are stereotyped frequently and also face alienation even within their own families.

They deserve to be understood and accepted as productive and effective citizens. Issues of physical accessibility are just the tip of the iceberg. Instead of questioning the need for civil rights for people with disabilities, we must question a society in which these rights are not the norm. The most important thing we can do is value the voice of the people with disabilities. History is fraught with well-meaning individuals who truly desired to assist people with disabilities, but in their haste to help, they neglected to empower these people to be their own advocates. We must allow people with disabilities to become the subjects rather than the objects of their own history.

Each of us must continually question our own presumptions and attitudes. We must be willing to give people with disabilities their rightful place at the conversation table and be willing to listen to their truth. Ostracising or offering them pity pushes them back to darkness. We should strive to bring them to light.

Question 4.
Will Derry get back to his seclusion or will Mr Lamb’s brief association effect a change in the kind of life he will lead in future?
Answer:
When Derry met Mr Lamb, he suffered from a deep-rooted complex and felt he had “the ugliest face”. Subjected to insensitive remarks and alienated from the natural course of life, he came to view himself as a hideous monster to be kept away from human company. Mr Lamb, in his sensitive dealings, almost healed Derry. He liberated him from his misery.

Mr Lamb exposed him to a new world where one’s physical attributes did not matter. He respected each creation’s individuality. He taught Derry beauty was relative, and inspired him to achieve what he wished for, in spite of his disability. The brief meeting left an indelible imprint on Derry’s young mind. For the first time Derry felt comfortable with himself.

He told his mother that he did not care what he looked like. He had learnt to accept himself. Though Derry returned to find Mr Lamb dead, he was unlikely to retreat into his cocoon of isolation. This encounter between them seemed to have a purpose of passing on Mr Lamb’s wisdom and sensitivity to Derry’s young understanding. He would most certainly carry on with Mr Lamb’s advice and inspiration.

On the face of It Extra Questions and Answers

On the face of It Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What is the setting of the play?
Answer:
The setting of the play is Mr Lamb’s garden where there is the occasional sound of birdsong and of tree leaves rustling. Derry had jumped over the wall and walked slowly and tentatively through the long grass. He came round to a screen of bushes, where he encountered Mr Lamb, the owner of the house.

Question 2.
“I’m not afraid. People are afraid of me.” Why did Derry say this?
Answer:
Derry was made to feel isolated as people shunned him and kept away from him. He felt that since he had a scarred face, “a terrible thing”, people feared him. He admitted to being afraid and repulsed of his own self when he looked at himself in the mirror.

Question 3.
What did Derry feel about his face? Why?
Answer:
Derry told Lamb that his face had been burnt by acid. The acid ate his face and consequently ate away at his life. He felt “it won’t ever be any different”. He felt so because he has been shabbily treated by people around him. Even his family viewed him differently, with pity.

Question 4.
How did Mr Lamb react to Derry viewing himself differently?
Answer:
Mr Lamb explained to him that external appearance was inconsequential. He taught him to disregard accepted notions of beauty. A weed was considered redundant by everyone, but to Mr Lamb, weeds were a thing of beauty. He drew on the example to make Derry understand that beauty had alternate meanings.

Question 5.
How had Mr Lamb lost his leg? What was people’s reaction to it?
Answer:
One of Mr Lamb’s legs had been blown off, years back, when he was at war. People called him “Lamey- Lamb”. He admitted that it did not bother him anymore.

Question 6.
Why did Derry feel he was unlike the beast in the story ‘Beauty and the Beast’?
Answer:
Derry admitted that he had often been consoled by people who cited the example of the Beast, who was loved by Beauty in spite of his physical appearance. However, Derry received little consolation from the example of the Beast who was changed to a handsome prince following Beauty’s kiss. Derry regretted that he would have to live with his damaged face forever.

Question 7.
Narrate the example of the man who was afraid of everything, as narrated by Mr Lamb.
Answer:
Mr Lamb said there was a man—afraid of everything. He locked himself up in a room and never left it. He was afraid that a bus might run him over, or a man might breathe deadly germs onto him, or a donkey might kick him to death, or lightning might strike him down, or he might love a girl and the girl might leave him, or he might slip on a banana skin and fall. He locked himself up in his room and stayed there, till a picture fell off the wall on his head and killed him.

Question 8.
What was Lamb’s advice to Derry about “hating people”?
Answer:
When Derry said that he hated some people, Mr Lamb told him hating people did more harm than any bottle of acid. Whereas, acid only burnt his face, hating could bum him from inside.

Question 9.
What was Derry’s mother’s reaction to his meeting with Lamb?
Answer:
Derry’s mother was apprehensive of Mr Lamb, influenced as she was by what people thought of him. She had been warned by people to keep away from Mr Lamb. She stopped Derry from going back to Mr Lamb’s. But Derry was determined. He wanted to go back there and listen to things that mattered, things nobody else had ever said to him.

On the face of It Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
“Acid.. .ate my face up. It ate me up.” Describe the miseries suffered by Derry after the unfortunate incident he refers to.
Answer:
Derry’s face was badly scarred as he got burned with acid. He was deeply wounded by people’s behaviour.
He felt that though people pretended to be sympathetic, they were afraid of him because he had the ugliest face. Derry recalled how a woman had said that his face was “a terrible thing” and was “a face only a mother could love”. He had heard lots of things that were as hurtful. Moreover, he did not like people staring at him or being afraid of him. He remembered how only his mother had once kissed him, and that too, on the other side of his face. He felt that she too did it out of pity.

He had heard his parents wonder about what would happen to him when they died as it would be difficult for him to get on in the world with a face like his. He had heard a person say that people were better off with others like themselves, for example, blind people only ought to be with other blind people and idiot boys with idiot boys. Derry, too, preferred such a situation because people would then not stare at him. The attitude of people towards Derry reflects the callousness of the society towards the physically impaired.

Question 2.
Mr Lamb also displays signs of loneliness and disappointments. What are these? What are the ways in which Mr Lamb tries to overcome these feelings?
Answer:
Mr Lamb was called “Lamey-Lamb” as his leg was blown off years back in a bomb attack and he had a tin leg. He was very lonely and longed for company as he lived alone in his house. He welcomed Derry into his garden and tried to put his fears to rest. When Derry noticed that there were no curtains at the windows and inquired about it, Mr Lamb told him that it was so because he neither liked shutting things out, nor shutting them in, implying his openness of mind. He liked the light and the darkness, and also wanted to hear the wind.

These views were a manifestation of Mr Lamb’s desires. He wanted hundreds of friends to visit his house. This was also evident from the fact that he always left the gate open. He visualized people coming in and sitting in front of the fire in winter and kids coming for the apples and pears and for toffee that he made with honey. Mr Lamb felt that people “are never just nothing”. Like the open windows, Mr Lamb was always “waiting, watching and listening”.

Question 3.
How were Derry’s and Mr Lamb’s views different?
Answer:
Both Derry and Mr Lamb had a physical handicap. Derry had a face that was half burnt with acid while Mr Lamb’s leg had been blown off and had been replaced with a tin leg. That was where the similarity ended. Derry’s burnt face had scarred his soul. He was withdrawn and felt that people were afraid of him because he had the ugliest face. He felt that people pretended to be sympathetic when actually they were repulsed. They either ignored him or gave him curious looks, glances and questions. He feels awkward and abnormal.

He did not even like his mother to kiss him because she kissed the other side of his face and he felt she did so as she had to. This sense of isolation is heightened by the overprotective attitude of his mother, who tried to keep him isolated to protect him from getting hurt. As a result, he had no true friends. Derry believed that people such as him are better off with others like themselves to avoid being stared at.

On the other hand, Mr Lamb said that beauty was relative and he enjoyed everything God had made—even the weeds in the garden and the bees singing. He respected each creation’s individuality. He said that the world was as one looked at it. He did not care about physical attributes and said they were not important.

He felt that Derry had arms, legs, eyes, ears, tongue and a brain. He could get with his life, like everyone, or even better. He also said that hating people would do him more harm than any bottle of acid. It would burn away his inside. He clarified to Derry that people with the same deformity were also different. It was incorrect to judge people by what they looked like. One had to watch, listen, and think to notice the differences. Though Mr Lamb led a lonely life, he liked to think that the people who entered his garden were his friends. He avoided thinking of his isolation and tried to invite company by keeping the gate to his house open.

Question 4.
A positive attitude helps to tackle all difficulties in life. Elaborate with reference to Mr Lamb in the play “On the Face of It”.
Answer:
People with physical handicaps are aware of the fact that they are physically different from most others and that there are certain things they cannot do. They have poor self-esteem. They feel victimized, and fall into a vicious cycle of morbid sadness and intense anger at the world. They constantly feel that “nobody loves me or cares”. Being stigmatized worsens it.

In the story, we see Derry’s feeling of dejection after being treated with fear and horror. Derry finally leams to face his disability with courage only when Mr Lamb encourages him to have a positive attitude. This positive attitude makes one understanding, friendly towards life and people, provides confidence and ability to face the hardships of life and realize one’s potential. As a result, Derry, who has avoided company and has been afraid to meet people, decides to go to Mr Lamb’s house and meet him. He no longer wants to live in isolation.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics. Here we have given. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 5 Magnetism and Matter

Question 1.
Answer the following questions regarding earth’s magnetism :
(a) A vector needs three quantities for its specification. Name the three independent quantities conventionally used to specify the earth’s magnetic field.
(b) The angle of dip at a location in southern India is about 18°. Would you expect a greater or smaller dip angle in Britain ?       (C.B.S.E. 1995)
(c) If you made a map of magnetic field lines at Melbourne in Australia, would the lines seem to go into the ground or come out of the ground ?
(d) In which direction would a compass free to move in the vertical plane point to, if located right on the geomagnetic north or south pole ? (C.B.S.E. 1995)
(e) The earth’s field, it is claimed, roughly approximates the field due to a dipole of
magnetic moment 8 x 10²² JT^_1 located at its center. Check the order of magnitude of this number in some way.
(f) Geologists claim that besides the main magnetic N­S poles, there are several local poles on the earth’s surface oriented in different directions. How is such a thing possible at all ?
Answer:

(a) Magnetic elements

• Declination
• Dip and
• Horizontal intensity

(b) Greater in Britain (it is about 70°), because Britain is closer to the magnetic north pole.

(c) Field lines of B due to the earth’s magnetism would seem to come out of the ground.

(d) Compass needle can move only in the horizontal plane. Since the field is entirely vertical no direction is shown by the needle.
(e) Using the formula for magnetic field on the equatorial line of a magnetic dipole i.e.

This value tells the order of magnitude of magnetic field of earth.
(f) Geologists are correct to think so because it is an approximation to consider the magnetic field of earth to be a single dipole field. The magnetised mineral deposits can be treated as local dipoles on earth.

Question 2.
Answer the following questions :
(a) The earth’s magnetic field varies from point to point in space. Does it also change with time ? If so, on what time scale does it change appreciably ?
(b) The earth’s core is known to contain iron. Yet geologists do not regard this as a source of the earth’s magnetism. Why ?
(c) The charged currents in the outer conducting regions of the earth’s core are thought to be responsible for earth’s magnetism. What might be the ‘battery’ (i.e. the source of energy) to sustain these currents ?
(d) The earth may have even reversed the direction of its field several times during its history of 4 to 5 billion years. How can geologists know about the earth’s field in such distant past ?
(e) The earth’s field departs from its dipole shape substantially at large distances (greater than about 30,000 km). What agencies may be responsible for this distortion ?(f) Interstellar space has an extremely weak magnetic field of the order of 10¹² T. Can such a weak field be of any significant consequence ? Explain.
Answer:

(a) Yes, it changes with time. After a few hundred years, the earth’s magnetic field undergoes an appreciable change.

(b) The temperature inside the earth is so high that it is impossible for the iron to remain as a magnet and act as a source of the magnetic field. The magnetic field due to the earth is considered to be due to the circulating electric currents induced in the iron in the molten state and other conducting materials inside the earth.

(c) A possible explanation can be the phenomenon of radioactivity.

(d) Analysis of the rock magnetism /earth’s magnetic field gets recorded in certain rocks during solidification, (through weekly) provides clues to the geomagnetic history.

(e) At large distances, the earth’s magnetic field gets modified by the fields produced by the motion of ions in the earth’s ionosphere.

(f) At very-very large distances like interstellar distances the small fields can significantly affect the charged particles like that of cosmic rays. For small distances, the deflections are not noticeable for small fields but at very large distances the deflections are significant.

clearly small value of B gives a very large value of radius R

Question 3.
A short bar magnet placed with its axis at 30° with a uniform external magnetic field of 0.25 T experiences a torque of magnitude equal to 4.5 X 10^-2 J. What is the magnitude of magnetic moment of the magnet ?
Answer:
Using τ- MB sin θ, we get

Question 4.
A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m = 0.32 JT^-1 is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.15 T. If the bar is free to rotate in the plane of the field, which orientation would correspond to its (a) stable, and (b) unstable equilibrium ? What is the potential energy of the magnet in each case ?
Answer:

Question 5.
A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and area of cross section 2.5 x 10^-4 m² carries a current of 3.0 A. Explain the sense in which the solenoid acts like a bar magnet. What is its associated magnetic moment ?
Answer:
When current is passed through the solenoid, the magnetic field is produced along with its axis. The magnetic field lines emanate from one end and enter the other just as in the case of a bar magnet. The two ends of the solenoid act as the two poles of a bar magnet.
Here, the number of turns in the solenoid = 800
I = 3A
A = 2.5 x 10^-4m²
The magnetic moment of the solenoid,
M = (IA) x number of turns
= 3 x 2.5 x 10^-4 x 800
= 0.6 Am²

Question 6.
If the solenoid in Exercise 5.5 is free to turn about the vertical direction and a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 0.25 T is applied, what is the magnitude of the torque on the solenoid when its axis makes an angle of 30° with the direction of the applied field ?
Answer:
Using x = MB sin θ, we get
x = 0.6 x 0.25 x sin 30
= 0.6 x 0.25 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
= 0.3 x 0.25 = 0.075 Nm
= 7.5 x 10-² Nm.

Question 7.
A bar magnet of magnetic moment 1.5 JT^-1 lies aligned with the direction of a uniform magnetic field of 0.22T.
(a) What is the amount of work required by an external torque to turn the magnet so as to align its magnetic moment, (i) normal to the field direction, (ii) opposite to the field direction ?
(b) What is the torque on the magnet in cases (i) and (ii)?
Answer:

Question 8.
A closely wound solenoid of 2000 turns and area of cross-section 1.6 X 10^-4 m², carrying a current of 4.0 A, is suspended through its center allowing it to turn in a horizontal plane.
(a) What is the magnetic moment associated with the solenoid ?
(b) What is the force and torque on the solenoid if a uniform horizontal magnetic field of 7.5 x 10^-2 T is set up at an angle of 30° with the axis of the solenoid?
Answer:
N =2000, A= 1.6 x 10^-4m², I = 4.0 A
(a) m = ANI = 1.6 x 10^-4 x 2000 x 4.0
= 1.28 Am², along the axis

(b) B = 7.5 x 10^-2T, θ = 30°
Net force = 0
τ = mB sin θ = 1.28 x 7.5 x 10^-2 x sin 30
= 0.64 x 7.5 x 10^-2
= 4.800 x 10^-2 Nm
By the action of this, the solenoid can come to the direction of the external field.

Question 9.
A circular coil of 16 turns and radius 10 cm carrying a current of 0.75 A rests with its plane normal to an external field of magnitude 5.0 x 10^-2 T. The coil is free to turn about an axis in its plane perpendicular to the field direction. When the coil is turned slightly and released, it oscillates about its stable equilibrium with a frequency of 2.0 s^_1. What is the moment of inertia of the coil about its axis of rotation ?
Answer:

Question 10.
A magnetic needle free to rotate in a vertical plane parallel to the magnetic meridian has its north tip pointing down at 22° with the horizontal. The horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at the place is known to be 0.35 G. Determine the magnitude of the earth’s magnetic field at the place.
Answer:

Question 11.
At a certain location in Africa, a compass points 12° west of the geographic north. The north tip of the magnetic needle of a dip circle placed in the plane of magnetic meridian points 60° above the horizontal. The horizontal component of the earth’s field is measured to be 0.16 G. Specify the direction and magnitude of the earth’s field at the location.
Answer:
Using B_H = B cos δ, we get

Direction of B is 12° west of geographic meridian making upward angle of 60° with horizontal.

Question 12.
A short bar magnet has a magnetic moment of 0.48 JT^-1. Give the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field produced by the magnet at a distance of 10 cm from the center of the magnet on (a) the axis, (b) the equatorial lines (normal bisector) of the magnet.
Answer:
On axial line

Question 13.
A short bar magnet placed in a horizontal plane has its axis aligned along the magnetic north-south direction. Null points are found on the axis of the magnet at 14 cm from the center of the magnet. The earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0.36 G and the angle of dip is zero. What is the total magnetic field on the normal bisector of the magnet at the same distance as the null-points (i.e., 14 cm) from the center of the magnet ? (At null points, Held due to a magnet is equal and opposite to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field.)
Answer:
Magnetic field at the equatorial line of the magnet is given

Question 14.
If the bar magnet in Exercise 5.13 is turned around by 180°, where will the new null-points be located ?
Answer:
When magnet is turned around 180°, its south pole lies in the geographical south direction. Hence null point will lie on the equatorial line at a distance x from die center of the magnet.

Question 15.
A short bar magnet of magnetic moment 5.25 x 10^-2 JT^-1 is placed with its axis perpendicular to the earth’s field direction. At what distance from the center of the magnet, the resultant field is inclined at 45° with the earth’s field on (a) its normal bisector and (b) its axis. Magnitude of the earth’s field at the place is given to be 0.42 G. Ignore the length of the magnet in comparison to the distances involved.
Answer:
Normal bisector
(a) Let resultant magnetic field of a magnet at point P makes an angle θ= 45° with the earth’s field. Therefore,



Question 16.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetisation (for the same magnetising field) when cooled? (C.B.S.E. 1991)
(b) Why is diamagnetism, in contrast, almost independent of temperature?
(c) If a toroid uses bismuth for its core, will the field in the core be (slightly) greater or (slightly) less than when the core is empty?
(d) Is the permeability of a ferromagnetic material independent of the magnetic field? If not, is it more for lower or higher fields?
(e) Magnetic field lines are always nearly normal to the surface of a ferromagnet at every point. (This fact is analogous to the static electric field lines being normal to the surface of a conductor at every point). Why?
(f) Would the maximum possible magnetisation of a paramagnetic sample be of the same order of magnitude as the magnetisation of a ferromagnet ?
Answer:
(a) When cooled, the tendency of the thermal agitation to disrupt the alignment of magnetic dipoles decreases in the case of paramagnetic materials. Hence they display greater magnetisation.

(b) The atoms of a diamagnetic do not have an intrinsic magnetic dipole moment. On placing a diamagnetic sample in a magnetic field, the magnetic moment of the sample is always opposite to the direction of the field. It is not affected by the thermal motion of the dipoles.

(c) Since bismuth is diamagnetic, the field in the core coil be sightly less than that when a core is empty.

(d) Permeability of a ferromagnetic material depends on applied magnetic field. Permeability is more for lower magnetic field.

(e) One of the reasons for this fact is that when a material has µ_r > > 1, the field lines meet the material nearly normally.

(f) Yes, a paramagnetic sample with saturated magnetisation will have the same .order of magnetisation as the magnetisation of a ferromagnetic substance. However, the saturated magnetisation will require magnetising field too high to achive. Further, there may be a minor difference in the strengths of the atomic dipoles of paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials.

Question 17.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Explain qualitatively on the basis of domain picture the irreversibility in the magnetisation curve of a ferromagnet.
(b) The hysteresis loop of a soft iron piece has a much smaller area than that of a carbon steel piece. If the material is to go through repeated cycles of magnetization, which piece will dissipate greater heat energy ?
(c) ‘A system displaying a hysteresis loop such as a ferromagnet is a device for storing memory.’ Explain the meaning of this statement.
(d) What kind of ferromagnetic material is used for coating magnetic tapes in a cassette player, or for budding ‘memory stores’ in a modern computer ?
(e) A certain region of space is to be shielded from magnetic fields. Suggest a method.
Answer:
A piece of carbon steel will dissipate a greater amount of heat energy as its hysteresis loop has a greater area.
The magnetisation produced in a ferromagnet does not have a unique value corresponding to the applied magnetizing field.

In addition, the magnetisation produced depends on the history of the magnetisation i.e. the number of cycles of magnetisation, it has been taken through. In other words, the value of magnetisation of a ferromagnet is a record or memory of its magnetisation. If information bits can be made corresponding to the cycles of magnetization, the system displaying the hysteresis loop of the ferromagnet can act as a device for storing the information.

• ceramics are used for coating magnetic tapes in a cassette player or for building memory stores in a modem computer. Ceramics are specially treated barium iron oxides and are also called ferrates.
• The shielding of the region can be done by surrounding it with soft iron rings. The magnetic field lines will be drawn into the rings and the enclosed region will become free of the magnetic field.

Question 18.
A long straight horizontal cable carries a current of 2.5 A in the direction 10° south of west to 10° north of east. The magnetic meridian of the place happens to be 10° west of the geographic meridian. The earth’s magnetic field at the location is 0.33 G, and the angle of dip is zero. Locate the line of neutral points (Ignore the thickness of the cable). (At neutral points, magnetic field due to a current-carrying cable is equal and opposite to the horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field.)
Answer:
Let neutral point lies at a distance x from the cable. Now, at neutral point, magnetic field due to cable is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction of the earth’s magnetic field.

Question 19.
A telephone cable at a place has four long straight horizontal wires carrying a current of 1.0 A in the same direction east to west. The earth’s magnetic field at the place is 0.39 G, and the angle of dip is 35°. The magnetic declination is nearly zero. What are the resultant magnetic fields at points 4.0 cm below the cable?
Answer:

Question 20.
A compass needle free to turn in a horizontal plane is placed at the center of circular coil of 30 turns and radius 12 cm. The coil is in a vertical plane making an angle of 45° with the magnetic meridian. When the current in the coil is 0.35 A, the needle points west to east.
(a) Determine the horizontal component of the earth’s magnetic field at the location.
(b) The current in the coil is reversed, and the coil is rotated about its vertical axis by an angle of 90° in the anticlockwise sense looking from above. Predict the direction of the needle. Take the magnetic declination at the place to be zero.
Answer:

Question 21.
A magnetic dipole is under the influence of two magnetic fields. The angle between the field directions is 60°, and one of the fields has a magnitude of 1.2 x 10^-2 T. If the dipole comes to stable equilibrium at an angle of 15° with this field, what is the magnitude of the other field ?
Answer:
Here B, = 1.2 X 10-² T,θ₁= 15°, θ₂ = 45°.

The dipole will be in equilibrium, if torque acting on dipole due to B₁ is equal and opposite to the torque acting on dipole due to B₂.
That is, MB₁ sin = MB₂ sin θ₂

Question 22.
A monoenergetic (18 keV) electron beam intially in the horizontal direction is subjected to a horizontal magnetic field of 0.40 G normal to the initial direction. Estimate the up or down deflection of the beam over a distance of 30 cm (m_e = 9.11 x 10^-19 Q.
[Note. Data in this exercise are so chosen that the answer will give you an idea of the effect of earth’s magnetic field on the motion of the electron beam from the electron gun to the screen in a TV set.]
Answer:

^{Question 23.}
A sample of paramagnetic salt contains 2.0 x 10²⁴ atomic dipoles each of dipole moment 1.5 x 10^-23 JT^-1. The sample is placed under a homogeneous magnetic field of 0.64 T and cooled to a temperature of 4.2 K. The degree of magnetic saturation achieved is equal to 15%. What is the total dipole moment of the sample for a magnetic field of 0.98 T and a temperature of 2.8 K ? (Assume Curie’s law).
Answer:
Magnetic dipole moment of sample,
M = 15% of M (1.5 x 10-²³) (2 x 10²⁴) = 30 JT-<sup>1

Question 24.</sup>
A Rowland ring of mean radius 15 cm has 3500 turns of wire wound on a ferromagnetic core of relative permeability 800. What is the magnetic field B in the core for a magnetizing current of 1.2 A?
Answer:


^{Question 25.}
The magnetic moment vectors μ_s and μ_l; associated with the intrinsic spin angular momentum S and orbital angular momentum Z, respectively, of an electron are predicted by quantum theory (and verified experimentally to a high accuracy) to be given by μ_s= -(e/m)S, μ_l= -(e/2m)l. Which of these relations is in accordance with the result expected classically? Outline the derivation of the classical result.
Answer:

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History Chapter 14 Understanding Partition Politics, Memories, Experiences are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History Chapter 14 Understanding Partition Politics, Memories, Experiences.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History Chapter 14 Understanding Partition Politics, Memories, Experiences

Question 1.
What did the Muslim League demand through its resolution of 1940?
Solution :
The resolution of 23 March 1940, demanded a measure of autonomy for the Muslim- majority areas of the subcontinent. It never mentioned partition or Pakistan. Sikandar Hayat Khan, who had drafted the resolution was the Punjab Premier and leader of the Unionist Party. He declared in the Punjab Assembly on 1 March, 1941 that he was opposed to a Pakistan that would mean “Muslim Raj here and Hindu Raj elsewhere… “If Pakistan means unalloyed Muslim Raj in the Punjab then I will have nothing to do with it”. He reiterated his plea for a loose (united) confederation with considerable autonomy for confederating units.

Question 2.
Why did some people think of Partition as a very sudden development?
Solution :
Some people think that partition of India in 1947 was a sudden development. Many Muslim leaders were not serious in their demand for Pakistan as a separate nation. On many occasions, Jinnah used the idea of Pakistan to seek favours from the British and to block concessions into the Congress. Even the Muslims were confused about the idea of Pakistan. They could not think of their future in an independent country called Pakistan. Many people had migrated to the new country with the hope that they would soon come back to India as soon as the situation improved.
In fact, the partition was so sudden that nobody could imagine it.

Question 3.
How did ordinary people view Partition?
Solution :
Ordinary people did not know what the Partition was and it would affect their lives in the future. They even did not know about the different areas of the subcontinent. Migrants thought they would return to their original place as soon as peace prevailed again.

Question 4.
What were Mahatma Gandhi’s arguments against Partition?
Solution :

1. Mahatma Gandhi opposed the Partition by arguing that both Hindus and Muslims were bom of same soil and they had the same blood, ate the same food, drank the same water and spoke the same language. So, they were similar to each other.
2. He stated that the demand for Pakistan put forward by the Muslim League was un- Islamic and sinful because Islam stands for the unity and brotherhood of mankind and not for disrupting the oneness of the human family. So, those who wanted Partition were enemies alike of Islam and India.

Question 5.
Why is Partition viewed as an extremely significant marker in South Asian history?
Solution :
The following reasons can be put forward for the given view:

• The partition of India had a unique nature. This partition was based on religions. The partition took place in the name of the communities. History has never witnessed such type of partition.
• The partition marked a severe violence. Innumerable people were killed. People began to kill each other irrespective of their earlier relation. Earlier they lived with each other in harmony and peace but now started to kill each other. Government machinery failed to check this.
• People faced a lot of problems. Their life became miserable. Their near and dear ones were killed. Many people were abducted.
• People moved across the border. Most of the Muslims of India crossed over to Pakistan and almost all Hindus and Sikhs came to India from Pakistan. They were forced to start their life afresh.
• People lost all their movable and immovable property all of a sudden. They became homeless and forced to live in refugee camps.

Question 6.
Why was British India partitioned?
Solution :
Partition of India was not a sudden event because even in its resolution of March 1940, the Muslim League had only demanded a measure of autonomy for the Muslim majority areas of the subcontinent. It was a culmination of events such as communal politics that started developing in the opening decades of the twentieth century as mentioned below :

1. Government of India Act 1909 and 1919 – The British Government granted separate electorate for Muslims in 1909. These were expanded in 1919. Separate electorates implied that Muslims could elect their own representatives in designated constituencies. Thus, religious identities were encouraged. Community identities no longer indicated simple difference in faith and belief: but they led to active opposition and hostilities between communities.
2. Events during 1920s and 1930s – During the 1920s and 1930s, Muslims were agitated by the activities of the Hindus such as “music-before-mosque”, cow protection movement, and shuddhi movement of Arya Samaj. Similarly, Hindus were angered by the rapid spread of tabligh (propaganda) and tanzim (organisation). These activities led to riots at different places and deepened differences between two communities.
3. The provincial elections of 1937 and the Congress ministries – In the elections of 1937, Congress did well but Muslim League failed poorly in the constituencies reserved for Muslims. The Muslim League wanted to form a joint government with the Congress in United Provinces where Congress had won an absolute majority. The Congress had, therefore, rejected the offer. This led to drifting away of the Muslim League but thereafter Muslim League doubled its efforts at expanding its social support.
4. Policies of the Congress ministries – The Congress ministry in UP wanted to abolish landlordism which was supported by the Muslim League. The Congress also could gain much in its mass contact programme in UP. But its policies alarmed the conservative Muslims.
5. Rise of Hindu Mahasabha and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh – The rise of Hindu Mahasabha and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh which had over 100,000 trained and highly disciplined cadres pledged to an ideology of Hindu nationalism, convinced Muslims that India was a land of the Hindus.

The above factors created differences between two communities but inspite of this fact remains that the Cabinet Mission (1946) plan that recommended a loose three-tier confederation was accepted by all the major parties. It was due to later developments such as ‘Direct Action da/ (16 August, 1946), riots and violence, fear of Sikh leaders and Congressmen in the Punjab and a section of bhadralok. Bengali Hindus in Bengal which compelled the Congress to accept the partition of the country.

Question 7.
How did women experience Partition?
Solution :
For women, partition was horrible. Women were raped, abducted and many times forced to live with strangers and start a new life. They were deeply traumatised and began to develop new family bonds in the changed circumstances.

Women became victims on both the sides of the border. They were forced to live in a strange circumstances. But the government officials of both the countries did not take any serious step to consult those women. Women were left on their fate.

They were even murdered by their own family members. When the men realized that the women of their family would fall into the hands of the enemy, they killed their women with their own hands. To escape from the hands of enemy, in a Sikh village, ninety women were said to have voluntarily jumped into a well.

Question 8.
How did the Congress come to change its views on Partition?
Solution :
Initially, the proposals of the Cabinet Mission were accepted by all the major political parties but due to differences over interpretation of the plan, neither the Congress, nor the League agreed to the Cabinet Mission’s proposal. Thereafter, following developments took place:

• The Muslim League announced 16 August 1946 as “Direct Action Day” for winning its Pakistan demand.
• “Direct Action Day” led to riots at Calcutta and other places.
• At that time, many Sikh leaders and Congressmen in the Punjab were convinced that Partition was a necessary evil, otherwise they would be swamped by Muslim majority and Muslim leaders would dictate their terms to them.
• Similarly, a section of bhadralok, Bengali Hindus, who wanted political power to remain with them, began to fear the “permanent tutelage of Muslims”. They were in a numerical minority so only a division of the province could ensure their political dominance.

Thus, under these circumstances, the Congress had no option except to agree to the Partition.

Question 9.
Examine the strengths and limitations of oral-history. How have oral-history techniques furthered our understanding of Partition ?
Solution :
The strengths and limitations of oral-history are as mentioned below :
(a) Strengths :

• It helps us grasp experiences and memories in detail. It enables historians to write richly textured, vivid accounts of what happened to people during Partition.
• Oral-history enables historians to broaden the scope of their discipline by writing experiences of the poor and the powerless who have been generally ignored in mainstream history.

(b) Limitations :

• The oral-history lacks concreteness. Its chronology is not precise.
• The uniqueness of personal experience makes generalisation difficult because a large picture cannot be built from micro-evidence and one witness is no witness.
• Oral accounts deal with tangible issues. Small individual experiences are not relevant to unfold larger processes of history.

But inspite of above shortcomings the oral-history is important because it can be corroborated by other sources. The experiences of the people during Partition are significant and should be used to check other sources and vice-versa.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History Chapter 14 Understanding Partition Politics, Memories, Experiences help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 12 History Chapter 14 Understanding Partition Politics, Memories, Experiences, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

Here we are providing NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 8 Going Places. Students can get Class 12 English Going Places NCERT Solutions, Questions and Answers designed by subject expert teachers.

Going Places NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English Flamingo Chapter 8

Going Places NCERT Text Book Questions and Answers

Going Places Think as you read 

Question 1.
Where was it most likely that the two girls would find work after school?
Answer:
Jansie, being realistic, realized that both of them were likely to end up working for the biscuit factory. However, Sophie, who lived in a dream world, dreamt of starting a boutique, being an actress, or starting her career as a manager somewhere.

Question 2.
What were the options that Sophie was dreaming of? Why does Jansie discourage her from having such dreams?
Answer:
Sophie dreamt of starting a boutique with the money she would earn as a manager. She imagined herself as a fashion designer with the best shop in the city or of becoming an actress. She aspired after a career that would be considered “sophisticated”. Jansie was more practical and warned Sophie to come to terms with reality.

Question 3.
Why did Sophie w riggle when Geoff told her father that she had met Danny Casey?
Answer:
Sophie squirmed when Geoff told her father that she had met Danny Casey because she had lied about it. She felt uncomfortable about having lied to her brother, Geoff. She did not want her lies to be discovered.

Question 4.
Does Geoff believe what Sophie says about her meeting with Danny Casey?
Answer:
Geoff refused to believe Sophie but was later convinced on hearing the vivid description of their meeting. He told his dad and then Frank about the meeting.

Question 5.
Does her father believe her story?
Answer:
No, Sophie’s father did not believe her story. When Geoff told him about the meeting, he expressed disbelief. Her father warned her that she would talk herself “into a load of trouble”.

Question 6.
How does Sophie include her brother Geoff in her fantasy of her future?
Answer:
Sophie imagined her brother travelling to exotic and mysterious places and she craved to be taken along. She imagined a vast world that awaited her arrival. She saw herself riding there, behind Geoff. She imagined him wearing new, shining black leathers and she saw herself in a yellow dress with a kind of cape that flew out behind. She imagined being greeted to applause by the world.

Question 5.
Which country did Danny Casey play for?
Answer:
Danny Casey was a football player; he played for Ireland.

Question 6.
Why didn’t Sophie want Jansie to know about her story with Danny?
Answer:
Sophie expressed displeasure at Geoff telling Frank about how she had met the football star, Dafiny. Jansie, her friend, found out about the same from Frank. She felt that Geoff had betrayed her trust letting out their secret. She was also wary about the whole neighbourhood finding out about it from Jansie.

Question 7.
Did Sophie really meet Danny Casey?
Answer:
No, Sophie had not really met Danny Casey. Her father, who knew her well, realized that her story was a figment of her wild imagination. Sophie was in the habit of living in a world of fantasy that had no bearing with reality.

Question 8.
Which was the only occasion when she got to see Danny Casey in person?
Answer:
The only time she got to see Danny Casey was on Saturdays when she, along with her family, went to watch United at a match. They saw Casey play football.

Going Places Understanding the text

Question 1.
Sophie and Jansie were classmates and friends. What were the differences between them that show up in the story?
Answer:
Sophie and Jansie were classmates and friends. Yet, they were inherently different in their personalities. Sophie was a romantic, who seemed to have nothing much to do with the realistic world. Her ambitions and her ways to achieve them were unrealistic. Sophie dreamt of starting a boutique with the money she would earn as a manager. She dreamt about opening the best shop in the city or of becoming an actress.

Jansie was more practical and did not want Sophie to talk of such unrealistic ventures. She knew that both of them were destined to work at the biscuit factory. Sophie was childish and lived in a dream world where Danny, a football star, had met her and was likely to meet her yet again. Jansie disapproved of her telling such a story.

Question 2.
How would you describe the character and temperament of Sophie’s father?
Answer:
Sophie’s father was a hardworking man. He is described as a plump and a heavy-breathing man in a vest. His face was grubby and sweaty after the day’s hard work. When Geoff told him about Sophie’s meeting with Danny, he said nothing but looked at her disparagingly, knowing it to be untrue. When Sophie claimed that Danny had informed her that he was going to buy a shop, her father frowned knowingly. He dismissed Sophie’s claim as another of her “wild stories” and was afraid that she would talk herself “into a load of trouble”. This made her apprehensive of talking about such fantasies to him.

Her father, too, was a sports lover. This family of modest means depended on their only source of entertainment— watching football. They went to watch United play, each Saturday, as a “weekly pilgrimage”. As a sports enthusiast, he shouted encouragement to Danny and went to the pub to celebrate the sport team’s victory.

Question 3.
Why did Sophie like her brother Geoff more than any other person? From her perspective, what did he symbolise?
Answer:
Sophie liked her brother Geoff more than anyone else in the family. She confided in him and also idolised him. He was older, an apprentice mechanic, who travelled for his work to the other end of the city. She supposed that there were many more mysterious elements about him, than she knew of. He spoke little and she envied his silence. To her it seemed that when he was quiet, he travelled in his imagination to those places where she wanted to go. She suspected him of knowing interesting people and she longed to know them too.

She wanted to be closer to her brother and hoped that someday he might take her with him.Geoff symbolised freedom to Sophie’s limited experience. In her childish dreams, she imagined an exotic world beyond her knowledge, which awaited her arrival.

Question 4.
What socio-economic background did Sophie belong to? What are the indicators of her family’s financial status?
Answer:
Sophie belonged to a middle class socio-economic background. The reader receives the first hint from Jansie’s and Sophie’s conversation and how they were both earmarked for the biscuit factory. Jansie also prioritised buying a “decent house” to live in, if she was to come upon money. Sophie’s father’s appearance with dirt and sweat all over him after a day’s work, indicated that he was a hard-working man. She observed her mother stooping over the sink, her back bent from all the hard work.

The small room in which Sophie and her family lived was steamy from the stove and cluttered with the dirty washing piled up in the comer. Her brother Geoff was an apprentice mechanic, having left school. The humble status of Sophie’s family is brought out through the details worked into the story.

Going Places Talking about the text

Discuss in pairs.

Question 1.
Sophie’s dreams and disappointments are all in her mind. Discuss.
Answer:
Sophie’s views, her ambitions, her ideas about her brother Geoff s life, or her meeting with Danny, were all figments of her imagination. She was confident of becoming an actress and having a boutique on the side, though she neither had a decent house, nor any material comfort. The realistic view is reflected through Jansie who knew that they would both end up working in the biscuit factory.

Sophie imagined her brother, Geoff visiting places that she had never seen. She longed to be introduced to the vast world that she believed awaited her. She imagined herself riding there behind Geoff and being welcomed with thunderous applause.Sophie had never met Danny Casey, a sports star, but she told her family a concocted story of meeting. Her father recognised that it was one of her wild stories and was afraid that she would get herself into lot of trouble.She fantasised to such a level that her lies became a living reality and she went to wait for Danny to turn up. Even when she realized that Danny would not turn up to meet with her, she indulged in a similar fantasy.

Question 2.
It is natural for teenagers to have unrealistic dreams. What would you say are the benefits and disadvantages of such fantasising?
Answer:
Fantasy is the creative imagination or unrestrained fancy. Commonly known as daydreaming, this is a fairly common phenomenon—and though it is not harmful, it should not be indulged in excessively. In a world of fantasy, one can have whatever one likes, even things that he or she cannot have in reality. In other cases, the person sometimes becomes so obsessed with his own thoughts, that he is absolutely unconcerned about the happenings in the real environment around him. So, even though a person may be physically present at a certain place, he may be mentally absent and lose sight of everything around him. An example could be such students who find it difficult to grasp and retain concepts because they are daydreamers. On the other hand, Mark Twain too was a daydreamer.

Perhaps, the source of daydreaming may be the need to escape from unpleasant or stressful situations. A daydreamer would have sensitivity, depth and intelligence and hence should be given space and nurtured. But, it could also shut one out from reality. This is because the daydreamer, lost in thoughts, loses his bearings entirely and is oblivious to things around him. If a daydreamer happens to be on the road, this state of mind could prove dangerous, even fatal. Daydreaming can be very distracting. It affects one’s day-to-day work, and the person gets more and more absent- minded. After a point, he may start losing physical and social contact with his surroundings and become increasingly withdrawn.

Daydreaming has its advantages. Daydreaming fosters a child’s imagination, and enhances creativity. But, if one is a habitual daydreamer and tends to wander off a bit too often for comfort, it might be detrimental to how he comes to terms with the world around him.

Going Places Working with words

Notice the following expressions. The highlighted words are not used in a literal sense. Explain what they mean.

• Words had to be prized out of him like stones out of a ground — it was difficult to get him to talk or to get information out of him
• Sophie felt a tightening in her throat — tension or anxiety
• If he keeps his head on his shoulders — thinks intelligently
• On Saturday they made their weekly pilgrimage to the United — they went to the United dutifully, without fail and with a lot of devotion as one would go to a place of worship
• She saw. him ghost past the lumbering defenders — she viewed a faint image of him as he flashed past the awkward or clumsy defenders

Going Places Thinking about language

Notice these words from the story:

• chuffed’, meaning delighted or very pleased
• ‘nosey’, meaning inquisitive
• ‘gawky’, meaning awkward, ungainly

These are words that are used in an informal way in colloquial speech.

Make a list of ten other words of this kind.

• row – a noisy quarrel or dispute
• bad mouth – to insult
• bell – to telephone
• to belt – to hit
• blast – enjoyable experience
• blow one’s top – be very angry
• daft – silly, foolish
• dim – not intelligent
• savvy – well informed
• scaredy-cat – a person who is frightened

Going Places Extra Questions and Answers

Going Places Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
What was Sophie’s ambition? How did she plan to achieve it?
Answer:
Sophie was a romantic who was far removed from reality. She aspired to start a boutique after leaving school. She told her friend, Jansie, that to save money for the boutique she would work as a manager. She wanted a boutique like Mary Quant, a famous fashion designer. She also toyed with the idea of working as an actress and having a boutique on the side. She desired to have a career that was considered “sophisticated”.

Question 2.
Were Sophie’s ambitions were divorced from reality?
Answer:
Sophie was a schoolgirl—a teenager from a middle-class family. But she had exalted ambitions about starting a boutique or becoming an actress. Her dreams were divorced from reality. Her friend, Jansie, realized the irony of their situation and was realistic enough to know that they would end up working in a biscuit factory.

Question 3.
Sophie idolized her brother Geoff. Justify.
Answer:
Sophie’s brother, Geoff, had been three years out of school, an apprentice mechanic, who travelled to his work each day to the far side of the city. Sophie thought that Geoff lived the lives of her hopes and dreams that she wanted for her own self. She romanticized his life. She imagined that he visited faraway, exotic places and met interesting people. She wished to visit the places of her imagination and ride away with Geoff.

Question 4.
How did Sophie dream of herself in Geoff’s world?
Answer:
Sophie wished that her brother would take her to his world with him. She was conscious of a vast world that awaited her arrival. She saw herself riding there behind Geoff. She imagined him in new, shining black leather and herself in a yellow dress with a kind of cape that flowed out behind her. She imagined the world greeting them with wild applause.

Question 5.
What did Sophie tell Geoff about Danny Casey?
Answer:
Sophie told Geoff that she had met Danny Casey in the arcade. She told him how she was looking at the clothes in Royce’s window when Danny Casey came and stood beside her. She said that he had gentle, green eyes but was not very tall. She asked him for an autograph for little Derek, but neither of them had any paper or pen. She claimed that Danny had invited her to meet him next week.

Question 6.
What was her father’s reaction to her claim to have met Danny Casey?
Answer:
Geoff told his father that Sophie had met Danny Casey. Their father disbelieved Sophie’s claim; he looked at her with disdain. When she told her father that Danny said he was going to buy a shop, her father dismissed it as one of her wild stories. He felt that she would land herself into trouble because of her wild imagination.

Question 7.
What did Geoff warn Sophie about Danny?
Answer:
Geoff warned Sophie about how she was still in school, and Danny was likely to have lots of girls. Sophie tried to refute it, but Geoff insisted on how he knew better. When she told him that Danny was to meet her the following week, Geoff told her that Danny would never turn up.

Question 8.
Where did the family see Danny? What was Sophie’s reaction?
Answer:
Sophie, Derek, Geoff and their father went to watch United play on Saturday. It was a “weekly pilgrimage” for them. Sophie, her father and little Derek went down and sat near the goal while Geoff went higher up with his friends. They saw Danny score a goal, leading his team to victory. Sophie blushed with satisfaction as her hero won the match for them.

Question 9.
What was Sophie’s reaction when Jansie questioned her about Danny Casey?
Answer:
Sophie was upset when Jansie revealed that she had come to know about Sophie’s episode with Casey. She felt betrayed as Geoff had let out her secret. Jansie accused her of lying, but Sophie convinced her otherwise. However, she felt apprehensive that Jansie would spread the rumour around her neighbourhood.

Question 10.
Where did Sophie go to wait for Danny?
Answer:
After dark, Sophie walked by the canal, along a sheltered path lighted only by the glare of the lamps from the wharf across the water. It was a secluded place where she had often played as a child. She sat down on a wooden bench under a solitary elm, to wait for Danny Casey.

Question 11.
How did Sophie come to terms with the fact that Danny would not come?
Answer:
As Sophie waited for Danny to turn up, she even imagined him coming. But when some time had elapsed, she felt the pangs of doubt stirring inside her. She recalled that Geoff had said how he would never come. She waited and finally resigned herself to the truth that Danny would not come.

Question 12.
“I will have to live with this burden.” Why did Sophie feel this way?
Answer:
Sophie was a romantic. Like many other teenagers, she lived in her world of fantasy. She dreamt of Danny coming to meet her. Once Sophie realized that she had been deluding herself, she became sad and felt that it was a hard burden to carry. She was ashamed to face her brother, her family and her neighbours who would make fun of her whims.

Question 13.
“And she saw it all again…” What did Sophie see?
Answer:
Sophie saw a vision of meeting Danny Casey as she had imagined a week before. She visualized herself talking to him and asking for an autograph. She replayed the entire episode of a week before in her mind. To her, it was a lived reality. However, it was nothing but a figment of her imagination. The reader gets an insight into the dynamics of the situation. The cyclical narrative suggests that Sophie’s world was replete with her imagined reality.

Going Places Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
How did Sophie aspire to achieve her lofty ambitions? Why did they seem unrealistic to Jansie? How did her family react to her fantasies and ambitions?
Answer:
Sophie desired to set up a boutique after leaving school. She told her friend, Jansie, that to save that much money she would work as a manager. She wanted a boutique like Mary Quant. She wanted it to be one of its kind. She also contemplated working as an actress and having the boutique on the side.

Jansie, the grounded of the two, tried to reason with her saying that the boutique would require a lot of capital and nobody would employ her as a manager unless she had experience. Sophie’s father was disdainful of her behaviour. He felt that Sophie needed to keep her head on her shoulders. He dismissed her talk, knowing she lived in her own world of fantasy. He felt that she would land into trouble because of her immature talk.

Question 2.
Sophie’s fascination for Danny Casey stemmed from the fact that he had all that Sophie wanted for herself. Elaborate.
Answer:
Sophie desired an affluent and sophisticated lifestyle. She wished to save some money and start a boutique like Mary Quant had. Sophie’s fascination with Danny Casey stemmed from the fact that he had the lifestyle she aspired for. She dreamt of a world that awaited her arrival. Her fixation with fame and luxury is revealed as she fantasized about becoming an actress.

She weighed each of her unrealistic options as an avenue to fame, stardom and money. She hailed from a middle-class background, but dreamt of achieving fame and luxury, much beyond the humble reach of her station. Danny Casey represented an entry to such a lifestyle. Her infatuation had much more to do with her own ambition than any genuine adoration of Casey’s skills as a footballer.

Question 3.
Sophie is a middle-class girl who longs, like any other teenager, to reach out to the horizons. Justify.
Answer:
Sophie was a middle-class girl with lofty aspirations. To achieve a glamorous and sophisticated life, she wished to have a boutique after she finished school. Sophie was confident of saving the required amount of money by working as a manager. She also considered the idea of becoming an actress as there was real money in that, and having the boutique on the side. She longed to go with Geoff to places that she had never seen. These places held a lure for her because they were mysterious and distant.

She imagined herself riding there, behind Geoff. She pictured the world admiring and applauding her entry. Her infatuation with Danny Casey, a sports star, also stemmed from the fact that he was the epitome of glamour and sophistication. Like a regular teenager, she dreamt, uninhibited of her station and skills. Sophie was yet to experience the hardships of adult life, she was content to live in her world of fantasies where all was within her reach.

Going Places Value Based Question

Question 1.
Unrealistic dreams often lead to a great deal of unhappiness. Justify this on the basis of your reading of the story.
Answer:
Sophie who lived in the world of her dreams, found her reality quite suffocating. Sophie dreamt of owning a boutique one day or of being an actress or a fashion designer, but her friend Jansie believed that both of them were earmarked for the biscuit factory. Jansie, who was more realistic, tried to make Sophie accept the imminent reality, but Sophie continued with her make-believe ways. She imagined befriending Danny Casey, the sports star, only to be disillusioned.

She imagined that Danny had asked her to meet; she went there and waited for hours, believing that he would turn up. Sophie got sucked into the story of her own creation and began to believe that it was true. When Sophie realized that she had believed in a lie, her disappointment was painful and almost life-changing. She is seen moving from one dream to another in her mind. When the harsh reality stared her in the face, her disappointment was evident.

An Advertisement is a kind of public notice asking for or offering services or buying and selling property, goods, etc., or providing information about missing persons, pets, etc.

This grammar section explains English Grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to show how the language is used. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English will help you to write better answers in your Class 12 exams. Because the Solutions are solved by subject matter experts.

Advertisement Writing Class 12 Format, Examples

Classified Advertisements: Classified advertisements are placed by individuals wishing to advertise the availability or need for goods and services. These ads, as the name implies, are grouped according to the product or service type. Classified advertisers are billed by the word or the line. As a result, classified ads are generally brief and descriptive.

Display Advertisements: Display advertisements appear in various sizes on most pages throughout the newspaper. They contain artwork and other information that informs the customer about a business, a product or a service. Display advertising can be sub-divided into local or retail and national advertising. Local or retail advertising emphasizes on merchandise, products or services available at stores or businesses in the community. National advertising consists of ads that generally promote countrywide operations such as those of a soap or a car.

Classified Advertisements
Every newspaper has a separate section for classified advertisements. These are divided into categories or classes according to their subject matter and the function they perform. Advertisements can be for vacant situations, sale and purchase of property or goods, to-let, educational institutions, missing persons/pets, lost and found, and travels and tours.

Classified advertisements are brief and to the point as the advertisers are charged per word or per column line or even per column centimetre. As a result, advertisers keep their classifieds brief by ignoring grammar, using certain words and phrases peculiar to classifieds and by using abbreviations. The reason for this is to convey more while paying less.

At times, classified advertisements do not mention the name or contact address or phone number of the advertiser but give a P.O. Box Number. Newspapers offer this facility to the advertiser to maintain secrecy.

Since the advertisement must catch the eye of the reader, it must be attractive. Every word must express an idea. However, brevity should not be at the cost of clarity.

The word limit for classified advertisements is 50 words.

Characteristics of a Classified Advertisement

The main characteristics of a classified advertisement are:

• They are categorized into columns according to different classes.
• They are brief and occupy less space.
• They are economical.
• They are written in short phrases and words.
• The language is simple and concise, factual and formal.
• There are no blocks or designs.

Important points

1. The first one or two words of an advertisement may be written in capital letters.
2. Marks will be deducted for exceeding the word limit.

Types of Classified Advertisements
There are various types of classified advertisements. These include:

1. Situations Vacant
The important points for this type of advertisement are:

• preferably begin with ‘Wanted’ or ‘Required’
• write the name of the organization
• indicate the post and number of vacancies
• state the essential qualifications and experience
• give preferences, if any, such as age and gender of the candidate
• other preferences/details are optional and can be included
• state pay scale and perks (including opportunities for growth)
• state mode of applying/interview procedure
• give contact address and phone number of the advertiser

♦ Sample Advertisement:

Question 1.
Draft a display advertisement to promote the sale of new hair oil, The New Age Eiair Revitalizer Cream, for curing baldness and promoting hair growth, giving all the relevant details. (4 marks)
Answer:

Question 2.
Draft a display advertisement to be published in a local daily, for the promotional sale of the NEW ENGLAND shirts launched by your company in not more than 50 words.(4 marks)
Answer:

Question 3.
You are Manager, Infocom Network C-3 Main Shopping Center, Vasant Vihar, New Delhi. Draft an advertisement offering office furniture for sale. Give details. (4 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2016]
Answer:

Question 4.
Principal, Sunrise Global School, Agra requires a receptionist for her school. Draft a
suitable advertisement in about 50 words to be published in the classified columns of a national newspaper giving all the necessary details of qualifications and experience required in the receptionist. (4 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2016]
Answer:

Question 5.
You are Karan Kumar/Karuna Bajaj, a leading lawyer practising in Surat. You want to buy an independent house at City Light Road to be used as office-cum residence. Draft an advertisement in about 50 words for the classified columns of a local newspaper. You can be contacted at 45645678. (4 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2016]
Answer:

Question 6.
You are Karan/Karuna of M 114, Mall Road, Delhi. You are a civil engineer and have recently returned from the UAE. You are looking for a suitable job in India. Draft an advertisement for the same in about 50 words. Give details of your qualifications, experience, nature of the job, and expected remuneration. (4 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2016]
Answer:

Question 7.
Your school, Akash Public School, Agra needs a canteen manager. On behalf of the Principal, write an advertisement in about 50 words to be published in the classified columns of a local daily. Mention the educational and professional qualifications, other qualities required in the manager, who to apply to, and the last date for the receipt of applications. (4 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2015]
Answer:

Question 8.
You need to buy a flat. Draft a suitable advertisement in about 50 words to be published in the classified columns of a local newspaper giving all the necessary details of your requirement. You are Karan/Karuna, Ml 14, Mall Road, Delhi. (4 marks) [CBSE Delhi 2016]
Answer:

Question 9.
You are Vikram/Sonia, a Hons graduate in history with specialisation in Medieval India. You are well acquainted with places of historical interest in Delhi, Agra, and Jaipur. You are looking for the job of a tourist guide. Write an advertisement in not more than 50 words for the ‘Situation Wanted’ column of a local newspaper. Your contact no. is 999751234. (4 marks) [CBSE (Delhi) 2017]
Answer:

Question 10.
You are the Dean, Admissions, MNT Professional College, Chandigarh. Draft an
advertisement in about 50 words giving information about admission to undergraduate courses offered by your college. Include all relevant details. (4 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2017]
Answer:

Question 11.
You are Vikram/Sonia, an electronic engineer who has recently returned from the US
and looking for a suitable job in the IT industry. Draft an advertisement in about 50 words for the Situation Wanted column of a national newspaper. Your contact number is 9193010203. (4 marks) [CBSE (AI) 2017]
Answer:

Question 12.
You are Arnit/Arnika. You want to sell your car as you are planning to but a new
one. Draft a suitable advertisement to be published in the vehicles column of a newspaper. (4 marks) [CBSE Sample Paper 2018]
Answer:

Question 13.
You are Harish/Harshita of 12, Seva Nagar, Pune. You want to sell your flat as you are shifting to another city for work. Draft a suitable advertisement in not more than 50 words to be published in ‘The Pune Times’ under the classified columns. (4 marks) [CBSE Paper 2018]
Answer:

Question 14.
You are Principal of National Public School, Jaipur. You require a TGT (Maths) for your school. Draft a suitable advertisement in not more than 50 words for the ‘Situations Vacant’ column of ‘The National Times’ stating essential and desirable qualifications, experience, etc. of the candidates. You are Principal of National Public School, Jaipur. You require a TGT (Maths) for your school. Draft a suitable advertisement in not more than 50 words for the ‘Situation Vacant’ column of ‘The National Times’ stating essential and desirable qualifications, experience, etc. of the candidates. (4 marks) [CBSE Paper 2018]
Answer: