CBSE Class 12

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physics Paper 6 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physics. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physics Paper 6.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physics Paper 6

Time Allowed : 3 Hours

Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions 

• All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.
• This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
• Section A contains five questions of 1 mark each. Section B contains five questions of 2 marks each. Section C contains twelve questions of 3 marks each. Section D contains one value based question of 4 marks and Section E contains three questions of 5 marks each.
• There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in 1 question of 2 marks, 1 question of 3 marks and all the 3 questions of 5 marks weightage. You have to attempt only 1 of the choices in such questions.
• You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary :

Questions
SECTION : A

Question 1.
What are permanent magnets? Give one example.

Question 2.
What is the geometrical shape of equipotential surface due to a single isolated charge?

Question 3.
Which of the following waves can be polarized
(i) Heat waves
(ii) Sound waves? Give reason to support your answer.

Question 4.
A capacitor has been charged by a dc source. What are the magnitude of conduction and displacement current, when it is fully charged?

Question 5.
Write the relationship between angle of incidence ‘i’, angle of prism ‘A’ and angle of minimum deviations A_m for a triangular prism.

SECTION : B

Question 6.
The given graph shows the variation of photo-electric current (I) versus applied voltage (V) for two different photosensitive materials and for two different intensities of the incident radiations. Identify the pairs of curves that correspond to different materials but same intensity of incident radiation.

Question 7.
A 10 V battery of negligible internal resistance is connected across a 200 V battery and a resistance of 38 Ω as shown in the figure. Find the value of the current in circuit.

Question 8.
The emf of a cell is always greater than its terminal voltage. Why? Give reason.

Question 9.
(a) Write the necessary conditions for the phenomenon of total internal reflection to occur.
(b) Write the relation between the refractive index and critical angle for a given pair of optical media.

Question 10.
State Lenz’s law. A metallic rod held horizontally along east-west direction, is allowed to fall under gravity. Will there be an emf induced at its ends? Justify your answer.

SECTION : C

Question 11.
A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed co-axially in contact with a concave lens of focal length 20 cm. Determine the power of the combination. Will the system be converging or diverging in nature?

Question 12.
An ammeter of resistance 0.80 Ω can measure current up to 1.0 A.
(i) What must be the value of shunt resistance to enable the ammeter to measure current up to 5.0 A?
(ii) What is the combined resistance of the ammeter and the shunt?

Question 13.
In the given circuit diagram a voltmeter ‘V is connected across a lamp ‘L’. How would
(i) the brightness of the lamp and
(ii) voltmeter reading ‘V’ be affected, if the value of resistance ‘R’ is decreased? Justify your answer.

Question 14.
(a) An EM wave is travelling in a medium with a velocity v = v\(\overrightarrow { i }\) . Draw a sketch showing the propagation of the EM wave, indicating the direction of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
(b) How are the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields related to velocity of the EM wave?

Question 15.
Block diagram of a receiver is shown in the figure :
(a) Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’
(b) Write their functions.

Question 16.
Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a photo diode. Write briefly how it is used to detect the optical signals.

OR

Mention the important consideration required while fabricating a pn-j unction diode to be used as a Light Emitting Diode (LED). What should be the order of band gap of an LED if it is required to emit light in the visible range?

Question 17.
(a) Why photoelectric effect cannot be explained on the basis of wave nature of light? Give reasons.
(b) Write the basic features of photon picture of electromagnetic radiation on which Einstein’s photoelectric equation is based.

Question 18.
A capacitor of unknown capacitance is connected across a battery of V volts. The charge stored in it is 360 μC. When potential across the capacitor is reduced by 120 V, the charge stored in it becomes 120 μC.
Calculate :
(i) The potential V and the unknown capacitance C.
(ii) What will be the charge stored in the capacitor, if the voltage applied had increased by 120 V?

OR

A hollow cylindrical box of length 1 m and area of cross section 25 cm is placed in a three dimensional coordinate system as shown in the figure. The electric field in the region is given by \(\overrightarrow { E }\) = 5Ox \(\overrightarrow { i }\) where E is in NC andx is in metres.

Find
(i) Net flux through the cylinder.
(ii) Charge enclosed by the cylinder.

Question 19.
(a) In a typical nuclear reaction, e.g.

although number of nucleons is conserved, yet energy is released. How? Explain.
(b) Show that nuclear density in a given nucleus is independent of mass number A.

Question 20.
Write three important factors which justify the need of modulating a message signal. Show diagrammatically how an amplitude modulated wave is obtained when a modulating signal is superimposed on a carrier wave.

Question 21.
A metallic rod of length L is rotated with a frequency v with one end hinged at the centre and the other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius r, about an axis passing through the centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring. A constant uniform magnetic field B parallel to the axis is present everywhere. Using Lorentz force, explain how emf is induced between the centre and the metallic ring and hence obtained the expression for it.

Question 22.
Output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in CE configuration is shown in the figure.
Determine :
(i) dynamic output resistance
(ii) dc current gain and
(iii) ac current gain at an operating point V_CE = 10 V, when I_B = 30 pA.

SECTION : D

Question 23.
While travelling back to his residence in the car, Mr. Ram was caught up in a thunderstorm. He stopped driving the car and waited for thunderstorm to stop. He saw a child standing under the tree. He asked the boy not to stand under a tree in thunderstorm and to come inside the car till the thunderstorm stopped. Later he dropped the boy at his residence. The boy requested that he should meet his parents. The parents expressed their gratitude to him for his concern for safety of their child.
Answer the following questions based on the above information :

1. Why is it safer to sit inside a car during a thunderstorm?
2. Which two values are displayed by Mr. Ram in his action?
3. Which values are reflected in parents’ response to Mr. Ram?
4. Give an example of similar action on your part from everyday life.

SECTION : E

Question 24.
(a) Draw a ray diagram showing the image formation by a compound microscope. Hence obtain expression for total magnification when the image is formed at infinity.

OR

(a) State Huygens principle. Using this principle draw a diagram to show how a plane wave front incident at the interface of the two media gets refracted when it propagates from a rarer to a denser medium. Hence verify Snell’s law of refraction.
(b) When monochromatic light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, explain the following, giving reasons:
(i) Is the frequency of reflected and refracted light same as the frequency of incident light?
(ii) Does the decrease in speed imply a reduction in the energy carried by light wave?

Question 25.
(a) State the working principle of a potentiometer. With the help of the circuit diagram, explain how a potentiometer is used to compare the emfs of two primary cells.  Obtain the required expression used for comparing the emfs.
(b) Write two possible causes for one sided deflection in a potentiometer experiment.

OR

(a) State Kirchhoff’s rules for an electric network. Using Kirchhoff’s rules, obtain the balance condition in terms of the resistance of four arms of Wheatstone bridge.
(b) In the meter bridge experimental set up, shown in the figure, the null point ‘D’ is obtained at a distance of 40 cm from end A of the meter bridge wire. If a resistance of 10 Q is connected in series with R₁, null point is obtained at AD = 60 cm. Calculate the values of R₁ and R₂

Question 26.
(a) Derive the expression for the torque on a rectangular current carrying loop suspended in a uniform magnetic field.
(b) A proton and a deuteron having equal momenta enter in a region of a uniform magnetic field at right angle to the direction of the field. Depict their trajectories in the field.

OR

(a) A small compass needle of magnetic moment ‘m’ is free to tum about an axis perpendicular to the direction of uniform magnetic field ‘B’. The moment of inertia of the needle about the axis is T. The needle is slightly disturbed from its stable position and then released. Prove that it executes simple harmonic motion. Hence deduce the expression for its time period.
(b) A compass needle, free to turn in a vertical plane orients itself with its axis vertical at a certain place on the earth. Find out the values of
(i) horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field and
(ii) angle of dip at the place.

Answers
SECTION : A

Answer 1.
The magnets which have high retentivity and high coercivity are known as permanent magnets. For example : Steel.

Answer 2.
The equipotential surfaces of an isolated charge are concentric spherical shells and the distance between the shells increase with the decrease in electric field and vice-versa.

Answer 3.
Heat waves can be polarized as they are transverse waves whereas sound waves cannot be polarized as they are longitudinal waves. Transverse waves can oscillate in the direction perpendicular to the direction of its transmission but longitudinal waves oscillate only along the direction of its transmission. So, longitudinal waves cannot be polarized.

Answer 4.
Electric flux through plates of capacitor,

Here q is constant, the capacitor is fully charged.

As voltage becomes constant when capacitor is fully charged.

Answer 5.
The relation between the angle of incidence i, angle of prism A, and the angle of minimum deviation A , for a triangular prism is given by i = (A + A_m)/2

SECTION : B

Answer 6.
Curves 1 and 2 correspond to similar materials while curves 3 and 4 represent different materials, since the value of stopping potential for 1,2 and 3,4 are the same. For the given frequency of the incident radiation, the stopping potential is independent of its intensity.

So, the pairs of curves ( 1 and 3) and (2 and 4) correspond to different materials but same intensity of incident radiation.

Answer 7.

Since, the positive terminal of the batteries are connected together, so the equivalent emf of the batteries is given by
E = 200- 10= 190 V
Hence, the current in the circuit is given by
I = E/R = 190/38 = 5 A

Answer 8.
The emf of a cell is greater than its terminal voltage because there is some potential drop across the cell due to its small internal resistance.

Answer 9.
(a) Necessary conditions for total internal reflection to occur are :

1. The incident ray on the interface should travel in optically denser medium.
2. The angle of incidence should be greater than the critical angle for the given pair of optical media.

(b)

Where a and b are the rarer and denser media respectively. C is the critical angle for the given pair of optical media.

Answer 10.
Lenz’s law states that the polarity of induced emf is such that it produces a current which opposes the change in magnetic flux that produces it. Emf will be induced in the rod as there is change in magnetic flux.

When a metallic rod held horizontally along east-west direction, is allowed to fall freely under gravity i.e. fall from north to south, the magnetic flux changes and the emf is induced in it.

SECTION : C

Answer 11.
We have focal length of convex lens,
f₁  = +25 cm = +0.25 m
Focal length of the concave lens,
f₁ = -20 cm = -0.20 m
Equivalent focal length,

∴ The focal length of the combination = -1 m = -100 cm As the focal length is negative, the system will be diverging in nature.

Answer 12.
We have, resistance of ammeter, R_A = 0.80 ohm
Maximum current across ammeter, I_A = 1.0 A.
So, voltage across ammeter, V= IR = 1 x 0.80 = 0.8 V
Let the value of shunt be x.
(i) Resistance of ammeter with shunt,

(ii) Combined resistance of the ammer and the shunt,

Answer 13.

The given figure is Common Emitter (CE) configuration of an n-p-n transistor. The input circuit is forward biased and collector circuit is reverse biased. If resistance R decreases, forward biased in the input circuit will increase, thus the base current (I_B) will decrease and the emitter current (I_E) will increase. This will increase the collector current (I_c) as
(I_E) = (I_B) + (I_c).
When I_c increases which flows through the lamp, the voltage across the bulb will also increase making the lamp brighter and the voltmeter is connected in parallel with the lamp, the reading in the voltmeter will also increase.

Answer 14.
(a) Given,
Velocity, v = v \(\overrightarrow { i }\) and E is the electric field along Y-axis and B is the magnetic field along Z-axis.
The propagation of EM wave is shown below :

(b) Speed of EM wave can be given as the ratio of magnitude of electric field (E₀) to the magnitude of magnetic field (B₀)

Answer 15.
From the given block diagram of demodulator of a typical receiver, we can conclude the following things :
(a) X represents Intermediate Frequency (IF) stage while Y , represents an amplifier.
(b) At IF stage, the carrier frequency is transformed to a lower frequency then in this process, the modulated signal is detected. The function of amplifier is to amplify the detected signal which may not be strong enough to be made use of and hence is essential.

Answer 16.
A junction diode made from light sensitive semiconductor is called a photo diode.

An electrical device that is used to detect and convert light into an energy signal with the use of a photo detector is known as a photo diode. The light that falls on it controls the function of pn-junction. Suppose, the wavelength is such that the energy of a photon hcfk is enough to break a valence bond. There is an increase in number of charge carriers and hence the conductivity of the junction also increases. New hole-electron pairs are created when such light falls on the junction. If the junction is connected in a circuit, the intensity of the incident light controls the current in the circuit.

OR

1. The reverse breakdown voltage of LEDs are very low, which is around 5 V. So enough care is to be taken while fabricating a pn-junction diode such that the high reverse voltages do not occur across them.
2. There exist very small resistance to limit the current in LED. So, a resistor must be placed in series with the LED such that no damage is occurred to the LED.The semiconductor used for fabrication of visible LEDs must atleast have a band gap of 1.8 eV.

Answer 17.
(a) Wave nature of radiation cannot explain the photoelectric effect because of :

1. The immediate ejection of photo electrons.
2. The presence of threshold frequency for a metal surface.
3. The fact that kinetic energy of the emitted electrons is independent of the intensity of light and depends upon its frequency. Thus, the photoelectric effect cannot be explained on the basis of wave nature of light.

(b) Photon picture of electromagnetic radiation on which Einstein’s photoelectric equation is based on particle nature of light. Its basic features are :

1. In interaction with matter, radiation behaves as if it is made up of particles called photons.
2. Each photon has energy (E = hv), momentum (p =hv /c) , and speed c, the speed of light.
3. All photons of light of a particular frequency v, or wavelength X, have the same energy
   
4. By increasing the intensity of light of given wavelength, there is only an increase in the number of photons per second crossing a given area, with each photon having the same energy. Thus, photon energy is independent of intensity’ of radiation.
5. Photons are electrically neutral and are not deflected by electric and magnetic fields.
6. In a photon – particle collision (such as photon-electron collision), the total energy and total momentum are conserved. However, number of photons may not be conserved.

Answer 18.
(i) Initial voltage, V₁, = V volts and charge stored, Q₁ = 360 μC
Q₁ = CV₁            ………(1)
Changed potential,
V₂ = V -120
Q₂ = 120 μC
Q₂ = CV₂       ………. (2)
By dividing (1) by (2), we get

(ii) If the voltage applied had increased by 120 V, then
V₃ =180 + 120 = 300 V
Hence, charge stored in the capacitor,
Q₃ = CV₃  = 2 x 10^-6  x300 = 600 μC

OR

(i) Given,

Answer 19.


Which shows that the density is independent of mass number A.

Answer 20.
Three important factors which justify the need of modulating a message signal :

(i) Size of antenna or aerial :
For communication within the effective length of the antennas, the transmitting frequencies should be high, so modulation is required.
(ii) Effective power which is radiated by antenna :
Since the power radiated from a linear antenna is inversely proportional to the square of the transmitting wavelength. As high powers are needed for good transmission, so higher frequency is required which can be achieved by modulation.
(iii) The interference of signals from different transmitters :
To avoid the interference of the signals there is a need of high frequency which can be achieved by the modulation.

Answer 21.
Suppose the length of the rod is greater than the radius of the circle and rod rotates anticlockwise and suppose the direction of electrons in the rod at any instant be along +y direction. Suppose the direction of the magnetic field is along +z direction.
Then, using Lorentz law, we get the following :

Thus, the direction of force on the electrons is along x-axis. So, the electrons will move towards the centre i.e., the fixed end of the rod. This movement of electrons will result in current and thus it will generate an emf in the rod between the fixed end and the point touching the ring.
Let 0 be the angle between the rod and radius of the circle at any time t.

Answer 22.
(i) Dynamic output resistance is given as :

SECTION : D

Answer 23.

1. It is safer to be inside a car during thunderstorm because the car acts like a Faraday cage.
2. Awareness and humanity
3. Gratitude and obliged
4. Once I came across to a situation where a puppy was shuck in the middle of a busy road during rain and was not able to cross due to heavy flow, so I quickly rushed and helped him.

SECTION : E

Answer 24.
(a) A compound microscope consists of two convex lenses parallel separated by some distance. The lens nearer to the object is called the objective. The lens through which the final image is viewed is called the eyepiece. Magnifying power, when final image is at infinity: The magnification produced by the compound microscope is the product of the magnifications produced by the eyepiece and objective.
M = M_e x M₀       ……… (i)

∴ Where, M_e and M₀ are the magnifying powers of the eyepiece and objective respectively.
If u₍₎ is the distance of the object from the objective and v₀ is the distance of the image from the objective, then the magnifying power of the objective is

Where, h, h’ are object and image heights ; respectively and f₀ is the focal length of the a” objective.
L is the tube length i.e., the distance between the second focal point of the objective and the first focal point of the eyepiece : When the final image is at infinity,

Magnifying power of compound microscope,

OR

(a) Huygens Principle :

• Each point on the primary wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets, transferring out disturbance in all directions in the same way as the original source of light does.
• The new position of the wavefront at any instant is the envelope of the secondary wavelets at that instant.Refraction on the basis of wave theory
• Consider any point Q on the incident wave front.
• Suppose when disturbance from point P on incident wave front reaches point P’ on the refracted wavefront, the disturbance from point Q reaches Q’ on the refracting surface XY.

Since P’A’ represents the refracted wavefront, the time taken by light to travel from a point on incident wavefront to the corresponding point on refracted wavefront should always be the same. Now, time taken by light to go from Q to Q’ will be

This is the Snell’s law for refraction of light.

(b)

1. The frequency of reflected and refracted light remains constant as the frequency of incident light only depends on the source of light.
2. Since the frequency remains same, hence there is no reduction in energy.

Answer 25.

(a) Working principle of Potentiometer :
When a constant current is passed through a wire of uniform area of cross-section, the potential drop across any portion of the wire is directly proportional to the length of that portion.

Applications of Potentiometerfor comparing emfs of two cells :
The following figure shows an application of the potentiometer to compare the emf of two cells of emf E₁ and E,. 1, 2, 3 form a two way key.
When 1 and 3 are connected, E₁ is connected to the galvanometer (G). Jockey is moved to N₁ which is at a distance l₁ from A, to find the balancing length. Applying loop rule to AN₁G31 A,

Thus, we can compare the emfs of any two sources. Generally, one of the cells is chosen as a standard cell whose emf is known to a high degree of accuracy. The emf of the other cell is then calculated from equation (3).

(b)

1. The emf of the cell connected in main circuit may not be more than the emf of the primary cells whose emfs are to be compared.
2. The positive ends of all cells are not connected to the same end of the wire.

OR

(a) Kirchhoff’s First Law – Junction Rule :
The algebraic sum of the currents meeting at a point in an electrical circuit is always zero.
Let the currents be I₁  , I_{2 ,} I₃ and I₄

Convention :
Current towards the junction – positive Current away from the junction – negative
I₃+ (- I₁) + (- I₂) +(- I₄) = 0

Kirchhoff’s Second Law – Loop Rule :
In a closed loop, the algebraic sum of the emfs is equal to the algebraic sum of the products of the resistance and current flowing through them.

For closed part BACB,
E₁ + E₂  =  I₁ R₁– I₃ R₃  + I₂ R₂
For closed part CADC,
E₂ =  I₃ R₃   + I₄ R₄   + I₅ R5

(b) Considering both the situations and writing them in the form of equations. Let R’ be the resistance per unit lenght of the potentiometer wire,

Answer 26.
(a) Consider a rectangular loop-ABCD carrying current I.

Case I :
The rectangular loop is placed such that the uniform magnetic field B is in the plane of loop. No force is exerted by the magnetic field on the arms AD and BC. Magnetic field exerts a force
∴  F₁ = IbB  = F₁
Magnetic field exerts a force F₂ on arm CD.
F₂ = IbB = F₁

Net force on the loop is zero.
The torque on the loop rotates the loop in anti-clockwise direction.

τ = BIA
If there are n such turns the torque will be nIAB
Where, b →Breadth of the rectangular coil
a → Length of the rectangular coil
A = ab → Area of the coil.

Case II :

Plane of the loop is not along the magnetic field, but makes angle with it. Angle between the field and the normal is θ. Forces on BC and DA are equal and opposite and they cancel each other as they are collinear. Force on AB is F, and force on CD is F₂.
F₁= F₂ = IbB

Where A = ab
(b) We know, Lorentz force, F = Bqv sin θ
Where θ = angle between velocity of particle and magnetic field = 90
So, Lorentz force, F = Bqv
Thus, the particles will move in circular path.

Let m_p = mass of proton, m_d = mass of deuteron, v = velocity of proton and v_d = velocity of deuteron The charge of proton and deuteron are equal.

As (1) and (2) are equal, so Thus, the trajectory of both the particles will be same.

OR

(a) The torque on the needle is τ = m x B In magnitude, τ= mB sin θ
Here τ is restoring torque and 0 is the angle between m and B.

Negative sign with mB sin θ implies that restoring torque is in opposition to deflecting torque. For small values of 0 in radians, we approximate sin θ = θ and get

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 7 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 7.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 7

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 7 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Englsih Core is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 100

General Instructions

• This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
• Separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions very carefully and follow them faithfully.
• Do not exceed the prescribed Word limit while answering the questions.

SECTION A
READING (30 MARKS)

Question 1.
Read the following passage carefully. (12 Marks)
“It is impossible to think about the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved. It is impossible for a bird to fly on only one wing.” — Swami Vivekananda

1. Women are not born, but made. What is better than India to exemplify this statement by Simone de Beauvoir. With the whole world celebrating International Women’s Day with great pomp and show, it would be only apt to analyze the position and space Indian women occupy today, and comparing it to the times 60 years ago when the country had just gained independence. With the women participating in nationalist movements to being pushed into the domestic household space, to their resurgence as the super-women today, women in our country have seen it all.

2. There have been innumerable debates about gender in India over the years. Much of it includes women’s position in society, their education, health, economic position, gender equality, etc. What one can conclude from such discussions is that women have always held a certain paradoxical position in our developing country. On the one hand, the country has seen an increased percentage of literacy among women, and women are allowed to enter into professional fields, while on the other hand the practices of female infanticide, poor health conditions and lack of education still persist. Even the patriarchal ideology of the home being women’s real domain and marriage being her ultimate destiny hasn’t changed much. The matrimonial advertisements, demanding girls of the same caste, with fair skin and slim figure, or the much criticized fair and lovely ads, are indicators of the slow changing social mores. If one looks at the status of women then and now, one has to look at two sides of the coin; one side which is promising, and one side which is bleak.

3. When our country got its independence, the participation of women nationalists was widely acknowledged. When the Indian Constitution was formulated, it granted equal= rights to women, considering them legal citizens of the country and as an equal to men in terms of freedom and opportunity. The sex ratio of women at that time was slightly better than what it is today, standing at 945 females per 1000 males. Yet the conditions of women screamed a different reality.

4. They were relegated to their households, and made to submit to the male-dominated society, as has always been prevalent in our country. Indian women, who fought as an equal to men in the nationalist struggle, were not given that free public space anymore. They became homemakers, and were mainly meant to build a strong home to support their men who were to build the new independent country. Women were reduced to being secondary citizens. The national female literacy rate was an alarmingly low 8.9 per cent. The Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) for girls was 24.8 per cent at primary level and 4.6 per cent at the upper primary level (in the 11-14 years age group). There existed insoluble social and cultural barriers to education of women and access to organized schooling.

(Extract from ‘Here’s How The Status Of Women Has Changed In India [Since 1950 Till Date]’posted on March 11, 2012 in Society By Tanima Banerjee)

I. On ftieToasis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

(a) The writer says that the women have seen it all because:

1. they participated in nationalist movements.
2. they were pushed into household space.
3. they have become superwomen today.
4. all of the above.

(b) Pick one statement which brings out the paradoxical nature of women’s position in society today:

1. They are entering professional fields and becoming literate.
2. They lack education and female infanticide is still rampant.
3. They are still victims of patriarchal mindset.
4. While they are allowed to enter professional fields they are still victims of patriarchal mindset.

(c) The Indian Constitution did not ensure:

1. that women get equal rights.
2. that they were considered equal to men.
3. that the sex ratio would be 945 females to 1000 males.
4. that they were legal citizens of India.

(d) Despite the provisions of the Constitution:

1. women were relegated to the household.
2. women were not allowed free space.
3. women were dictated by patriarchy.
4. all of the above.

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 5 = 5 Marks)

(e) What is the patriarchal ideology about women?
(f) What are the areas of concern about women?
(g) Who said that ‘Women are not born, but made’. What did he mean by it?
(h) Cite one example to show that our social mores are changing very slowly?
(i) What are the ‘insoluble barriers’ to women’s education?

III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as: (1 × 3 = 3 Marks)

(a) recognized (para 3) (b) ironic, absurd (para 2)
(c) countless (para 2)

Question 2.
Read the following passage carefully. (10 Marks)

1. One day Pahom was sitting at home, when a peasant passing through the village, happened to call in. He was allowed to stay at the night, and supper was given to him. Pahom had a talk with this peasant and asked him where he came from. The stranger answered that he came from beyond the Volga, where he had been working. One word led to another, and the man went on to say that many people were settling in those parts. He told how some people from his village had settled there. They had joined the Commune, and had twenty-five acres of land per man granted. The land was so good, he said, that the rye sown on it grew as high as a horse, and so thick that five cuts of a sickle made a sheaf. One peasant, he said, had brought nothing with him but his bare hands, and now he had six horses and two cows. Pahom’s heart kindled with desire. He thought:

2. “Why should I suffer in this narrow hole, if one can live so elsewhere? I will sell my land and my homestead here, and with the money I will start afresh over there and get everything new. In this crowded place one is always having trouble. But I must first go and find out all about it myself.”

3. Towards summer he got ready and started. He went down the Volga on a steamer to Samara, then walked another three hundred miles on foot, and at last reached the place. It was just as the stranger had said. The peasants had plenty of land: every man had twenty-five acres of Communal land given him for his use, and any one who had money could buy, besides, at fifty-cents an acre as much freehold land as he wanted. Having found out all he wished to know, Pahom returned home as autumn came on, and began selling off his belongings. He sold his land at a profit, sold his homestead and all his cattle, and withdrew from membership of the Commune. He only waited till the spring, and then started with his family for the new settlement.

4. As soon as Pahom and his family arrived at their new abode, he applied for admission into the Commune of a large village. He stood treat to the Elders, and obtained the necessary documents. Five shares of Communal land were given him for his own and his sons’ use: that is to say-125 acres (not altogether, but in different fields) besides the use of the Communal pasture. Pahom put up the buildings he needed, and bought cattle. Of the Communal land alone he had three times as much as at his former home, and the land was good corn-land. He was ten times better off than he had been. He had plenty of arable land and pasturage, and could keep as many head of cattle as he liked.

(Source: How Much Land Does a Man Need? by Leo Tolstoy)

I. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option: (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) The stranger did not tell Pahom that:

1. many people had been settling in those parts.
2. some people from his village had settled there.
3. they had been given 125 acres of land.
4. the land was very good.

(b) Pahom thought of leaving his home as:

1. it was a crowded place.
2. he did not like it.
3. he wanted to start afresh and get everything new.
4. both (i) and (ii)

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 6 = 6 Marks)

(c) Where had the stranger come from?
(d) How had the farmer acquired six horses of his own?
(e) How did Pahom reach the place?
(f) What was the rate of land at the new settlement?
(g) What was Pahom busy doing in autumn?
(h) What did Pahom undertake as soon as he reached his new abode?

III. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following. (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) bundle (para 1)
(b) accommodation (para 4)

Question 3.
Read the following passage carefully. (8 Marks)

Ayurveda is one of the oldest sciences of medicines whose origin can be dated back to 3000-5000 years.

Ayurveda is a method of holistic healing and is based on prevention rather than cure of the illness. The approach to healing is done on a personalized basis and people of all ages and following different occupations are known to have benefited both personally and spiritually owing to Ayurveda’s wisdom of healing.

Ayurvedic medicines heal your spirit and minds instead of just treating the affected body parts. It is based on purification of the body in a natural way and the environment created helps remove all toxins and help regain body’s natural tolerance or resistance from the diseases and help rejuvenate your body and regain your good health.

The metaphysics of the five elements that make up this universe namely: earth (prithvi), water (jal), fire (agni), air (vayu) and space (akash) form the basis of the science of Ayurveda. Ayurveda explains the constitution of human to be of three forms which are known as ‘doshas’ or the life forces. These three doshas: Vat a, Pitta, Kapha determine physical characteristics and personality traits of a person.

Pitta dosha is believed to control the hormone function and digestion, thus an increased pitta dosha in a person will create indigestion and overheating. Such people will have heated emotional reactions.

Vata dosha controls the heart and breathing functionality in addition to the excretory function. Skin conditions are more common in people suffering from Vata dosha.

Kapha dosha is what governs your immune system and overall strength. Diseases like cancer and diabetes are likely to arise in people with aggravated kapha dosha. An Ayurvedic doctor or practitioner will analyze the dosha based on the systems of your disease or illness and suggest an individualized treatment to heal your body and strengthen your personality.

Vat a dosha is constituted from Ether and air and thus nerve impulses, respiration and elimination are known to be regulated by this dosha. The process of transformation and metabolism is controlled by Pitta dosha which is composed of fire and water. Kapha dosha t contains water and earth elements and is responsible for growth, adding of body structure unit by unit and also offers protection.

Ayurveda has its popularity to the use of natural, non-invasive components used in medicines unlike the other ways of treatment which use only chemicals and toxins into your body.

Ayurveda is not only based on medicines but focuses on lifestyle changes, change in diet patterns, suggesting yogic exercises, and meditation, breathing or relaxation exercises. It is known that certain chronic ailments can be treated by means of Ayurvedic way of natural healing avoiding the need for any surgery. Herbal remedies are also a part of Ayurvedic medicines which can be recommended for healing. Ayurvedic supplements help ‘ pacify one or more increased doshas in your bodies.

Thus, Ayurveda aims at aligning your body, mind and spirit in order to achieve a sound health. Yoga and meditation are known to have a positive impact on your physical condition and help relax your mind and muscles. Ayurveda insists on a spiritual way of living and gives importance to self-realization to bring real health and energy, in whatever tasks we perform. Ayurveda is a rational system of medicine and is sensitive to nature and Earth. Ayurveda has gained popularity in the West also as yoga ashrams and Ayurvedic classes and programmes are being introduced in many parts of the West.

A. On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary—minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5 Marks)
B. Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3 Marks)

SECTION B
ADVANCE WRITING SKILLS (30 MARKS)

Question 4.
You are Kala/Lalit. You lost your briefcase containing important documents while travelling in a DTC bus. Write an advertisement in not more than 50 words for the LOST column of a local daily giving relevant details. (4 Marks)
OR
You are Lalit/Lalita. You have just cleared your NIFT admission test and wish to throw a party for your friends. Write an informal invitation for your friends giving all details.

Question 5.
You are interested in doing a course in fashion designing. For this you wish to get admission in NIFT. NIFT holds a competitive examination for admission. Sapphire Academy, Dadar, Mumbai gives coaching for the admission test. Write a letter in 120-150 words to the Director, Sapphire Academy requesting him to provide you with all necessary information. You are Karan/Kirti, 48 Fort Apartments, Pune. (All India (C) 2015) (6 Marks)
OR
You recently had your first trip in a Delhi Metro Train. You were quite impressed with its services and decided to write a letter to the editor of The Times of India. Write this letter as Karan/Kirti of 1-90, Jungpura, Delhi. (120-150 words)

Question 6.
A landslide in your area has caused untold destruction. Write an article in 150-200 words on the destruction caused by natural calamities and the precautions to be taken to prevent them. You are Jai Kant/Jai Kanta. (Delhi 2014) (10 Marks)
OR
You are the sports captain of your school. The Annual Sports Day was conducted last month. Write a report in 150-200 words on the conduct of the same. You are Manish/ Mita of Hind Public School, Mall Road, Amritsar. (Delhi 2014)

Question 7.
It is said that if you educate a boy, you educate a person and if you educate a girl you educate a family. As member of the NGO, Shiksha, write a speech on the importance of educating girls in 150-200 words. (10 Marks)
OR
The Prime Minister’s campaign, ‘Swachh Bharat’ has become popular throughout India. Inspired by this you, the Principal of a reputed school, decide to address the students on ‘The value of cleanliness’. Write your speech in 150-200 words. (All India (C) 2015)

SECTION C
TEXTBOOKS AND EXTENDED READING TEXT (40 MARKS)

Question 8.
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

Far far from gusty waves these children’s faces.
Like rootless weeds, the hair torn around their pallor.
The tall girl with her weighed-down head. The paper-
seeming boy, with rat’s eyes.

(a) Name the poet?
(b) Who appears to be like ‘rootless weeds’ and why?
(c) What does the phrase ‘paper-seeming’ suggest to you?
(d) Identify a figure of speech and cite the line.

OR

doze, open mouthed, her face
ashen like that
of a corpse and realised with pain
that she was as old as she
looked but soon
put that thought away

(a) Who is the speaker? Who is the speaker referring to?
(b) Why is the person being referred to as ‘ashen’?
(c) What did the speaker realize?
(d) Why did the speaker put away the thought?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in about 30-40 words each: (3 × 4 = 12 Marks)

(a) What do you think is the colour of ‘sour cream’? Why do you think the poet has used this expression to describe the classroom walls? (NCERT)
(b) Why has the poet brought in the image of the merry children ‘spilling out of their homes’? (NCERT)
(c) Franz thinks, “Will they make them sing in German. Even the pigeons?” What could this mean?
(d) How was the YMCA pool safer than the Yakima river?
(e) Why did the ironmaster speak kindly to the peddler and invite him home? (NCERT)
(f) Do you think that Dr Sadao’s final solution to the problem was the best possible one under the circumstances?

Question 10.
Dr Sadao faced a dilemma. Should he use his surgical skills to save the life of a wounded person or hand an escaped American prisoner of war over to the Japanese police? How did he resolve this clash of values? (120-150 words) (All India 2015) (6 Marks)
OR
While we condemn the crime, we are sympathetic to the criminal. Is this the reason why prison staff often develop a soft corner for those in custody? (NCERT)

Question 11.
Why do you think Gandhi considered the Champaran episode to be the turning point in his life? (120-150 words) (NCERT) (6 Marks)
OR
How would you describe the character and temperament of Sophie’s father? (120-150 words) (NCERT)

Question 12.
Attempt a character sketch of Dr. Kemp. (120-150 words) (6 Marks)
OR
Eppie is a character in her own right but also has symbolic significance in the novel Silas Mamer. Discuss. (120-150 words)

Question 13.
What is the theme of the novel The Invisible Man? (120-150 words) (6 Marks)
OR
Chance and coincidence have much role in the novel Silas Marner. Discuss. (120-150 words)

ANSWERS

Answer 1.

I. (a) (iv) all of the above.
(b) (iv) while they are allowed to enter professional fields they are still victims of patriarchal mindset.
(c) (iii) that the sex ratio would be 945 females to 1000 males.
(d) (iv) all of the above.

II. (e) The patriarchal ideology regarding women is that home is women’s real domain and marriage is her ultimate destiny.

(f) The areas of concern about women are their education, health, economic position, gender equality.

(g) Simone de Beauvoir said this. He meant that women do not have a voice of their own. They are led by ideologies created for them.

(h) The matrimonial advertisements, demanding girls of the same caste, with fair skin and slim figure, or the much criticized fair and lovely ads, are indicators of the slow changing social mores.

(i) The insoluble social and cultural barriers to education of women and access to organized schooling are the patriarchal ideas which earmark a secondary role to women and push them into the household.

III. (a) acknowledged (b) paradoxical (c) innumerable

Answer 2.

I. (a) (iii) They had been given 125 acres of land.
(b) (iv) both (i) and (iii)

II. (c) The stranger had come from beyond the Volga.

(d) The farmer had started working in the new settlement where the land was very fertile. Soon he had become rich enough to acquire six horses of his own.

(e) He went down the Volga on a steamer to Samara, then walked another three hundred miles on foot, and at last reached the place.

(f) The rate of land at the new settlement was fifty cents an acre.

(g) As autumn came on, Pahom began selling off his belongings. He sold his land at a profit, homestead and all his cattle, and withdrew from membership of the Commune.

(h) As soon as Pahom and his family arrived at their new abode, he applied for admission into the Commune of a large village. He stood treat to the Elders, and obtained the necessary documents.

III. (a) sheaf (b) abode

Answer 3.

A. TITLE: Ayurveda: An Ancient Science of Medicine

NOTES:

(a) Introduction — ayu:

(i) 3000-5000 yrs old
(ii) method of healing by prevention
(iii) heals body and soul
(iv) removes toxins thus purifying the body
(v) the five elements-fundamntl to ayu
(vi) spiritual way of healing
(vii) gives imp’ce to self realizn :

(b) theory of ayu:
(i) human constn composed of 3 doshas
(x) vata-controls hrt, breathing, excretion, skin
(y) pitta-controls hormone, digestion
(z) kapha-controls immunity, strength

(ii) doshas determine personality
(iii) Dr analyses dosha to prescribe cure and lifestyle changes

(c) popularity of ayu:
(i) natural, non invasive ways
(ii) no chem.

Key to Abbreviations
ayu : ayurvedic
fundamntl : fundamental
imp’ce : importance
realizn : realization
con.stn : constitution
hrt : heart
chem : chemical
chngs : changes
nati : natural
invsiv : invasive

B. SUMMARY

Ayurveda is 3000-5000 years old healing system which focuses on prevention rather than cure. It aims to heal the body and the mind. It removes toxins thus purifying the body. The five elements are fundamental to its theory. It believes in self-realization. The human body is composed of Vata which controls heart, breathing and skin. Pitta controls digestion and hormonal functions. Kapha controls personality and strength. A doctor analyses the dosha and then prescribes medicines and lifestyle changes. Ayurveda is popular as it is non-invasive, natural and free of chemicals.

Answer 4.

Answer 5.

48 Fort Apartments,
Pune 7th October, 20××
The Director
Sapphire Academy
Dadar, Mumbai

Sub: Enquiry regarding coaching for NIFT Dear Sir

I have come to know that your institute offers excellent coaching for NIFT entrance test. Since I wish to pursue this course I want to join your reputed coaching for the same. would be obliged if you kindly provide the following information regarding the coaching classes:

• Duration of the course
• Frequency, timing of the classes
• Whether classes are held in the evenings
• Fee and the mode of payment
• Is there any fee concession?

You are requested to provide the information at your earliest convenience to enable me to decide about joining the earliest batch.

Thank you
Yours sincerely
Karan

OR

1-90, Jungpura
Delhi
6th October, 20××
The Editor
Times of India
Barakhamba Road
Delhi

Sub: Appreciation of Delhi Metro

Dear Sir

I recently had my first journey by Delhi Metro Train from Dwarka to Akshardhaam. I wish to put on record the memorable experience that I had of the metro service.

The punctuality and frequency of the trains is commendable. It was heartening to see that Delhi Metro is fully committed towards safety and security of women passengers. Delhi Metro understands the needs of women passengers and has reserved a coach especially for lady passengers. The first coach of a train in moving direction is reserved for ladies. Delhi Metro is perhaps India’s first public transport system with adequate features for 1 differently-abled persons. The spacious, clean and fully air-conditioned interiors make the journey restful and comfortable. In fact I noted so many passengers reading a book or listening to their favourite music.

Security is a high priority with the DMRC as was evident by the scanner and the many police personnel moving about vigilantly at the station.

Facilities like clean toilets, metro card, and lost and found facility have made Delhi Metro a world class facility. I request you to give space to my letter so that it will reach the public and authorities.

Thank you
Yours sincerely
Karan

Answer 6.

Natural Disasters
By Jai Kanta

Natural calamities have been a cause of great destruction and devastation on Earth. Natural calamities are unpredictable in nature and often occur all of a sudden. Due to this nature, avoiding them is almost impossible. However, we can take certain precautions that will help keep the level of devastation down and save precious human lives.

For disasters like floods and landslides, plantation of trees is a good long-term solution. Floods and landslides are hard to avoid. These could include passing of laws that prohibit cutting down of trees and building of houses in regions that are flood prone. Disasters like drought can be avoided by proper planning and allocation of resources. Measures can be taken at community level so that no one is misusing or overusing their share of resources like water and food.

As far as earthquakes are concerned, people should calmly leave the building they are in when the quake strikes. In case of damage, people are encouraged and taught to help pull out other people from the debris. On a larger scale, buildings can be constructed in a way that ensures they are less likely to collapse during an earthquake. In Japan for instance, there are shock absorbers installed at the base of the buildings which enables the building to move with the earthquake and prevent collapse.

OR

Annual Sports Day Celebrated At Hind Public School

Amritsar, 10th March: The Annual Sports Day in Hind Public School was held on 3rd October, 20xx at the school grounds. The programme commenced with the school choir reciting the prayer. The Chief Guest of the day Mr. Jagannath Shetty-a National level athlete and weight lifter, along with the other dignitaries received the salute during the parade. During the flag raising ceremony worthy sports persons Pratvik Sama, Sougandh, Nitin Desa and Prateek Roy were the flag bearers.

Vice Principal, Ms Lalita Mason delivered the welcome address. The Chief Guest received the torch and declared the sports meet open.

During the oath taking ceremony, Hon’ble Sports Minister Jitendra Singh recited the pledge. This was followed by a spectacular Mass drill display by students of Opal House, Coral House, Jade House and Amber House.

Various sports events like 100m race, 200m playing, 800m race and 4 x 100 m relay were organised. Winners were awarded with certificates and medals.

The Chief Guest during his address stated “Sports is very important. Everyday children should spare some time for sports.”

Answer 7.
Good morning respected principal, teachers and my dear friends! Today I wish to talk to you about the importance of educating girls. Educated women are capable of bringing socio-economic changes. The constitution of almost all democratic countries, including India, guarantees equal rights to both men and women. Education will empower women to come forward and contribute towards the development and prosperity of the country. So long as women remain backward and economically dependent on men, the helpless condition of them cannot be changed. Education helps a woman to lead a good life. Her identity as an individual would never get lost. She can read and learn about her rights. Educated girls and women are aware of the importance of health and hygiene. Educated mothers can take better care of both herself and her baby.

Educated women are now looked upon with dignity and honor. Educated women are more informed of their rights for justice. It would eventually lead to decline in instances of violence and injustice against women such as dowry, forced-prostitution, child-marriage, female foeticide, etc.

A girl-child should get equal opportunity for education, so that, she can plan to become a successful doctors, engineer, nurse, or choose any other profession of her choice.

Thank you

OR

Good morning, respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends! As you know the Prime Minister’s campaign, ‘Swachh Bharat has become popular throughout India. I wish to take this opportunity to talk to you about the value of cleanliness. Cleanliness is important for healthy mind, body and spirit. Our first duty is to be clean. Every morning, as soon as you get up, you must clean your teeth, and wash your face, hands and feet. Many boys and girls, when they write with ink and pen soil their fingers. With a little care and effort they can avoid it.

If possible, you may bathe and wash your whole body. Bathing is necessary for good health. If you allow dirt to accumulate on your body, you very soon get itch or other diseases of the skin.

After your body, you must look into your clothes. You should always wear clean clothes. Now, do not mistake rich clothes for clean clothes. You do not require any money at all to keep your body clean, and you want very little to keep your clothes tidy. We should get into the habit of being clean.

Besides, we should keep our surroundings clean. We should not throw garbage here and there. Instead, we should throw it only into a dustbin.

Hence, you should always maintain cleanliness and join hands to make ‘Swachh Bharat” campaign a success.

Thank you

Answer 8.

(a) The poet is Stephen Spender.
(b) The children sitting in the elementary classroom of the slum school are like the rootless weeds as they appear malnourished, sad and dispirited.
(c) The phrase ‘paper-seeming’ suggests a thin malnourished boy who is as thin as paper.
(d) Like ‘Rootless weeds,’ the hair torn around their pallor the second line is an example of simile.

OR

(a) The speaker is the daughter, Kamla Das. The speaker is referring to her mother.
(b) The word ‘ashen’ means like ash. The mother appears to be old and grey.
(c) She comes to realize that her mother was not young any longer, and that her appearance had caught up with her age. .
(d) The painful thought of the mother’s death made her determined to focus her attention on something else.

Answer 9.
(a) Sour cream indicates the colour cream or dirty white. The poet has used this expression to describe the poor dull and ill-equipped environment of the classroom in the slums. The walls were painted long ago and since then no attention has been given to them. We see the neglect that these children face. It adds to the dull ambiance.

(b) The contrast between the ageing mother and the merry children enhances the poetic effect. The poet’s mother who is sitting beside her is dozing. Her ‘ashen’ face looks lifeless and pale like a corpse. She is an image of ageing, decay and passivity. On the other hand, the children are gay and happy. They are moving out of their homes in large numbers. Here is an image of happiness and spontaneous overflow of life.

(c) Franz innocently wonders whether the Germans will make the pigeons speak German too. It highlights the foolishness and high-handedness of the Germans who presumed to think that a mere order could make people lose their language. Language is a part of one’s identity. Germans can impose German language on the people of Alsace and Lorraine powerfully but their power cannot make the pigeons speak German.

(d) William’s mother continually warned him against his going to the Yakima River for swimming. The river was treacherous. Many persons had drowned in it. But the YMCA pool was safe. It was only two or three feet at the shallow-end and nine feet at the deeper-end. The slope was also gradual.

(e) The ironmaster of the Ramsjo ironworks watched both night and day that the work at the mills was being done well. On his nightly round for inspection, he saw the ragged fellow, near the furnace. He walked near to him to look closely. Taking him to be his old acquaintance, Nils Olof, he invited him home. It would be pleasant to have him for Christmas. So he spoke kindly to the peddler and invited him home.

(f) Dr. Sadao knew that the wounded American sailor could be arrested anytime. He washed his wound, brought the bullet out of his body and gave a new lease of life to the American prisoner of war. He didn’t want to throw him into the jaws of death again. He asked the young soldier to take his private boat at night. He should row in the cover of darkness to a little deserted island nearby. If he harboured the prisoner longer, he himself could be prone to danger. The general had quite forgotten to help him. So his solution was the best one.

Answer 10.
Dr Sadao and his wife Hana remained in a state of conflict for quite a long time. They couldn’t throw a wounded man again into the sea. If they gave shelter to him in their house, they could be arrested. Handing him over to the police, would have meant throwing him into the jaws of death. They were in a fix. Ultimately, the duty of a doctor overpowered all other petty considerations. The servants revolted at the idea of serving a white man. Hana herself washed the wound. Dr Sadao had decided to operate on Tom.

Hana obeyed her husband without a word. Hana was to give the anaesthetic if the patient needed it. The doctor made a clean and precise incision. The bullet was out. Thus love for humanity and the ethics of a doctor won over petty racial considerations.

OR

The Bible says that one should condemn the sin and not the sinner. Even the worst of criminals have a small core of humanity in their hearts. Prison staff are responsible for the criminals in their custody. Nevertheless, being humans, they often become friendly and lenient towards them often permitting them things which are strictly disallowed according to rules. This is amply supported in the story Evans Tries an O-Level. Evans pleaded with Jackson that he was like a ‘lucky charm’ for him. Jackson relented and allowed Evans to wear his hat on his head. This proved to be a lapse on the part of Jackson as later on Evans used it cleverly to change his appearance.

Answer 11.
Rajkumar Shukla apprised Gandhi about the injustice done to sharecroppers by the landlords in Bihar. He knew the atrocities of the landlord. The sharecroppers were to plant 15 per cent of their holding with indigo and surrender the entire harvest to them as rent. Germany had developed synthetic indigo. Thus the price of the natural indigo would fall in the market sharply. The landlords had obtained agreements from the sharecroppers to pay compensation. Some signed while others engaged lawyers. Gandhi fought against the cruel injustice of the landlord. An official commission declared to refund the money to the sharecroppers. As per agreement 25 per cent of the money was paid to the sharecroppers. This movement encouraged Indian peasants to know their rights. He made the British realise that the Indians are self reliant and the foreigners cannot order them on their land. Thus the Champaran episode was a turning point in his life.

OR

Sophie’s father is a dominating personality. He is a typical representative of the lower middle class family. He is poor but somehow manages to pull on with his family. He lacks refined manners or sophistication. The way he eats the pie exposes his rough eating habits. He tosses one of little Derek’s shoes from his chair on to the sofa. He doesn’t seem to be much interested in the family. Watching football on the television is his favourite pastime. Sophie’s father has passion for football. He is an old admirer of Tom Finny, a great footballer. He adores the upcoming young footballer Casey. So he makes a ‘weekly pilgrimage’ to watch United and Casey in action.

Sophie’s father doesn’t seem to be very sympathetic towards his daughter. But he understands his daughter well. He doesn’t believe in her meeting with Casey. He considers it another of her “wild stories”.

Answer 12.
Kemp is referred to as “the doctor,” but his degree seems to be an academic one rather than a medical one. He continues his own study in the hope of being admitted to “the Royal Fellows.” His own experiments and fascination with science enable him to listen sensibly to Griffin, but in spite of being rather contemptuous of his fellow citizens, his common sense and decency prevent him from being a part of Griffin’s schemes. Kemp is also the only “cool headed” person in the town once the final attack begins. He runs to escape Griffin, but as soon as Griffin catches him, he has the presence of mind to turn the capture around. He is also the first to realize that even though Griffin is invisible, he is injured, and, ultimately, dead. He is a conscientious person in contrast to Griffin who though a genius, is a depraved man.

OR

A symbol is an object that not only demands attention in itself but also refers to another object or to a concept. Often there is no one concept attached to a given object. Instead, a whole range of ideas may be brought into play.

The tale of Silas Marner certainly must be understood symbolically as well as literally. Eppie is cute golden haired toddler when she wanders into Silas’ cottage. Silas is then in the throes of a fit. When he wakes he sees a lock of gold which belongs to Eppie. He adores her and gradually she brings meaning into his life. Eppie is explicitly put forward as a substitute for Silas’ treasure, and this raises questions of the nature of treasures-literal and spiritual. Eppie is a symbol of treasure—a compensation for the real gold that he had lost earlier. Thus she operates at a literal and also symbolic level.

Answer 13.
The theme of corruption in the absence of social law is embodied in the character of Griffin. The narrator uses the invisible man to experiment with the depth to which a person can sink when there are no social restrictions to suppress his behaviour. When Griffin first kills his father, he excuses it by saying that the man was a “sentimental fool”. On the contrary, he resorts to committing atrocities because they are necessary to his survival. The novel also explores the theme of Science without Humanity. The theme is represented in the character of Kemp as well as in Griffin himself. Kemp wants to stop Griffin more out of fear for himself than out of concern for the community, but he is nonetheless fascinated by the accomplishment of this misguided college student. Griffin pursued the idea of invisibility in order to unleash a reign of terror.

OR

Chance and coincidence influence the action in this novel. The novelist, George Eliot has shown how chance and coincidence contribute a lot to the development in the life of the protagonist Silas Marner. The villagers at Lantern Yard arrange draw of lots to pick-up the identity of thief who had stolen the deacon’s money. This is done following an article of their religion. The result of this draw is a matter of chance. Also Eppie’s entry into Silas’ life happens purely by chance. The entry of Eppie the little girl reanimates him. Thus Eppie is the best compensation for his loss of gold. Godfrey’s orders for the stone- pits to the drained of all their waters and the discovery of Dunstan’s skeleton along with Mamer’s lost gold guineas are matter of co-incidence but crucial events and revelations hinge on them.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 1 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 1.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 1

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Physical Education is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

• All questions are compulsory.
• Answers to questions carrying 1 mark should approximately 10-20 words.
• Answers to questions carrying 3 marks should approximately 30-50 words.
• Answers to questions carrying 5 marks should approximately 75-100 words.

Questions.

Question 1.
Define Planning? 1

Question 2.
List down the components of Barrow General Motor Ability Test? 1

Question 3.
What do you understand by Balance Diet? 1

Question 4.
Define disability and disorder among children? 1

Question 5.
Define Posture? 1

Question 6.
What do you mean by Motor Development? 1

Question 7.
List down the physiological factors determining Physical Fitness? 1

Question 8.
Define Vital Capacity? 1

Question 9.
What do you understand by Sports Medicine? 1

Question 10.
Define Soft Tissue Injury? 1

Question 11.
List Newton’s Law of motion? 1

Question 12.
Describe the Axis and Plane used in movements? 3

Question 13.
Describe the importance of intramural in physical education? 3

Question 14.
Describe various types of biomechanical movements? 3

Question 15.
Differentiate between Micro and Macro Nutrient? 3

Question 16.
Describe the benefits of yoga for healthy life? 1

Question 17.
Explain the factors effecting motor development? 3

Question 18.
Children of a particular residential school were very indisciplined, fighting, and creating problems around, resulting in poor academic achievement. The new school principal asked the teachers to start inter-section sports program for children along with extra PE classes at weekends. After the year end, students attended for assessment test related to psychomotor skills. The analysis of report highlighted increase in academics performance and various other 1 parameters.
(i) What would those various parameters which developed among the participating students?
(ii) Which type of sports competition was organized by the school?
(iii) What psychomotor test could be planned for testing fitness of school children? 3

Question 19.
List down the test components of Rikli and Jones for elderly people? 3

Question 20.
Appraise coping strategies for stress management among athletes? 5

Question 21.
Analyze the muscles involved in Throwing a cricket ball? 5

Question 22.
Differentiate Physical and Physiological differences between male and female athletes? 5

Question 23.
Categorize various types of sports injuries and explain the preventive measures? 5

Question 24.
Explain corrective measures through physical activity and exercise for improving posture? 5

Question 25.
Draw a fixture of 13 Football teams participating in a Tournament on the basis of knock out? 5

Question 26.
Describe advantages of physical activities for children with special needs? 5

Answers.

Answer 1.
Planning is basic management function involving formulation of detailed plans to achieve optimum balance of need or demands with available resources.

Answer 2.
The Barrow Motor Ability Test consisting of three items designed to test the motor ability of high school boys.
Test 1 – Standing Jump Test – It is used as a measure of explosive leg power.
Test 2 – Zigzag Run Test – Its objective is to measure agility.
Test 3 – Medicine Ball Put Test – Its objective is to measure arm and shoulder girdle strength.

Answer 3.
A diet which consists of all the essential food constituents which are necessary for growth and maintenance of the body. Protein, carbohydrates, fat, minerals, vitamins are essential micro and macro nutrients which form part of balance diet.

Answer 4.
Disability: Any degree of physical disability, malformation or disfigurement that is caused by bodily injury, birth defect or illness. Disorder to is the disturbance which affects normal functions performed by an individual.

Answer 5.
Posture is the alignment of the body part for producing various task. Posture involves of muscles, ligaments and tendons along with joints to work together for performing any action, it also effects the functioning of the organic systems.

Answer 6.
Motor development refers to the development of a child’s bones, muscles and ability to move around and manipulate his or her environment. Motor development can be divided into two sections: gross motor development and fine motor development.

• Gross motor development involves the development of the large muscles in the child’s body. These muscles allow us to sit, stand, walk and run, among other activities.
• Fine motor development involves the small muscles of the body, especially in the hand.

Answer 7.
Physiological factors determining physical fitness are:

• Cardiovascular Endurance
• Lung Capacity
• Muscle Composition
• Muscle Fibre size
• Somatotype
• Muscular Strength
• Muscular Speed

Answer 8.
Vital Capacity (VC) is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from lungs after a maximum inhalation.

Answer 9.
A field of medicine concerned with the functioning of the human body during physical activity and with the prevention and treatment of athletic injuries.

Answer 10.
Soft tissue injuries are the most common injury to tissues that connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body. Soft tissue includes muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, nerves, fibrous tissues, fat, blood vessels, and synovial membranes.

Answer 11.
There are three Newton’s Law of motion.

1. The Law of Inertia: A body at rest tends to remain at rest. A body in motion tends to continue in motion with consistent speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an outside force.
2. The Law of Acceleration: The velocity of a body is changed only when acted upon by an additional force.
3. The Law of Counterforce: The production of any force will create another force opposite and equal to the first force.

Answer 12.
Human movements are described in three dimensions based on a series of planes and axis,

(i) A plane is the surface on which movement take place. There are three planes of motion that pass through the human body.

• The sagital plane lies vertically and divides the body into right and left parts.
• The frontal plane also lies vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
• The transverse plane lies horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior parts.

(ii) An axis is a straight line around which an object rotates. Movement at a joint takes place in a plane about an axis. There are three axis of rotation.

• The sagital axis passes horizontally from posterior to anterior and is formed by the intersection of the sagital and transverse planes.
• The frontal axis passes horizontally from left to right and is formed by the intersection of the frontal and transverse planes.
• The vertical axis passes vertically from inferior to superior and is formed by the intersection of the sagital and frontal planes.

Answer 13.
Intramural activities are performed within the institution, where outside students can’t participate and the main focus is on maximal participation. Following are the importance of intramurals:

• Opportunities for physical, mental, emotional and social development of students
• Inculcation of moral and ethical values through sports
• Awareness of health and wellness among children
• Source of enjoyment, fun and recreation among children.
• Opportunities for maximization of sports participation among students. Develop Leadership, group cohesion among students.

Answer 14.
There are various types of biomechanical movements:

• Flexion
• Adducation
• Extension
• Ulnar deviation
• Abduction

Extension – It is a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts. When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, extension refers to movement in the posterior direction. For example, when standing up, the knees are extended. Extension of the hip or shoulder moves the arm or leg backward. When the chin is against the chest, the head is flexed, and the trunk is flexed when a person leans forward.

Abduction – It refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part away from the midline of the body. In the case of fingers and toes, it refers to spreading the digits apart, away from the centerline of the hand or foot. Abduction of the wrist is also called radial deviation For example, raising the arms up, such as when tightrope-walking, is an example of abduction at the shoulder. When the legs are splayed at the hip, such as when doing a star jump or doing a split, the legs are abducted at the hip.

Adduction – It refers to a motion that pulls a structure or part toward the midline of the body, or towards the midline of a limb. In the case of fingers and toes, it refers to bringing the digits together, towards the centerline of the hand or foot. Adduction of the wrist is also called ulnar deviation. Dropping the arms to the sides, and bringing the knees together, are examples of adduction.

Answer 15.

Answer 16.
More importantly, yoga is extremely effective in:

1. Increasing Flexibility – Yoga has positions that act upon the various joints of the body including those joints that are never really on the ‘radar screen’ let alone exercised.

2. Increasing lubrication of the joints, ligaments and tendons – Yoga positions exercise the different tendons and ligaments of the body. Surprisingly it has been found that the body which may have been quite rigid starts experiencing a remarkable flexibility in even those > parts which have not been consciously work upon. Why? It is here that the remarkable research behind yoga positions proves its mettle. Seemingly unrelated “non strenuous” yoga positions act upon certain parts of the body in an interrelated manner. When done together, they work in harmony to create a situation where flexibility is attained relatively easily.

3. Massaging of ALL Organs of the Body – Yoga is perhaps the only form of activity which massages all the internal glands and organs of the body in a thorough manner, including those – such as the prostate – that hardly get externally stimulated during our entire lifetime. Yoga acts in a wholesome manner on the various body parts. This stimulation and massage of the organs in turn benefits us by keeping away disease and providing a forewarning the first possible instance of a likely onset of disease or disorder.

4. Complete Detoxification – By gently stretching muscles and joints as well as massaging the various organs, yoga ensures the optimum blood supply to various parts of the body.This helps in the flushing out of toxins from every nook and cranny as well as providing nourishment up to the last point. This leads to benefits such as delayed ageing, energy and a remarkable zest for life.

5. Excellent toning of the muscles – Muscles that have become flaccid, weak or slothy are
stimulated repeatedly to shed excess flab and flaccidity.

Answer 17.
There are many factors that effect motor development:

1. Nutrition: Nutritious food promotes good motor development. Sensory motor development is dependent upon nutrition that the child gets to a great extent. Children get stronger and development is good if they get nutritious food.
2. Immunisation: If mother and child both are immunized at a proper time it leads to good sensory motor development.
3. Environment: Encouragement, love and security help the child to take risk to explore fearlessly and to know more about environment which leads to a better sensory development.

Answer 18.
(i) Parameters developed are:

• Leadership
• Motivation
• Personality
• Posture
• Fitness

(ii) Intramural competitions
(iii) Test for School Children:

• AAPHER physical fitness test

Answer 19.
Rikli and Jones is the senior citizen test. It was developed by Rikli and Jones in 2001. This test is beneficial for various senior citizens. It helps the early identification of at-risk participants. It is significant to plan safe and effective physical exercise programmes for senior citizens because individual’s health and fitness level can be known better with the help of this test.

1. Chair Stand Test – This test measures the lower body strength, particularly legs.
2. Arm Curl Test – The arm curl test is a test for upper body strength and endurance which is required for performing household activities.
3. Chair sit and reach test: It assess the lower body flexibility, which is important for good posture.

Answer 20.
Coping refers to the thoughts and actions which we usually use to deal with a threatening situation. Lazarus and Folkman said “Coping is a process of constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands or conflicts appraised as taxing or exceeding one’s resources”. These are the following types of strategies:
(i) Problem focused coping strategies – They aim at changing or eliminating the authentic source of stress by:

• analyze the stressful situation
• Seek professional help
• reframing
• slow down pace
• stay focused
•  plan properly

(ii) Emotion focused coping strategies – tried to reduce the negative emotional responses linked with stress by:

• denial of reality
• blaming
• mentally disengaging from stressful situation or people
• humorous attitude
• seek support
• be positive

Answer 21.
Throwing comprises of two phases, the preparatory phase and the throwing phase.
Most actions are rotational in the transverse plane and longitudinal axis and the two joints primarily involved are the elbow and shoulder.
The elbow is a hinge joint formed by the humerus and ulna.
The shoulder is a ball and socket joint formed between the humerus and the scapula.

Answer 22.
The male and female athletes have various physiological differences. These differences generally result in difference in performance ouputs interms of strength, speed, endurance.

1. Cardiovascular Fitness: Athletes’ cardiovascular fitness is measured by their maximum oxygen consumption, also known as VO2 max, which measures their capacity to transport and use oxygen during exercise. This is measured by calculating the point at which an athlete’s oxygen consumption remains steady despite an increase in an exercise intensity. Elite male athletes have a higher oxygen carrying capacity than women, which allows them to reach their maximum training peak earlier. According ACSM’s Primary Care Sports Medicine reference book, this is probably due to women’s lower hemoglobin levels and men’s larger body size. Maximum oxygen consumption is directly related to body size,

2. Bones and Ligaments: Male athletes have longer and larger bones, which provide a clear mechanical advantage over female athletes. The increased articular surface and larger structure of male bones provide them with a greater leverage and a wider frame on which to support muscle. Similarly, the ligaments of female athletes are generally more lax and fragile than those of their male counterparts. This gives male athletes an advantage in sports that involve throwing, kicking and hitting, and explains the higher incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among female athletes. On the other hand, female athletes have a wider pelvis and a lower center of gravity, which provides excellent balance.

3. Strength: Male athletes have a higher ratio of muscle mass to body weight, which allows for greater speed and acceleration. This explains why female speed records in running and swimming are consistently 10 percent slower than men’s, and why, on average, they have two thirds of the strength of men. However, when you factor out the larger muscle mass in men and compare muscular strength relative to cross-section area of muscle, the strength of male and female athletes is nearly equal.

4. Endurance: Endurance is largely determined by a body’s efficiency when converting calories into energy. Female athletes are more efficient than male athletes at converting glycogen to energy. Glycogen is a secondary source of fuel you use when glucose levels drop. This is why female athletes excel in ultra-long-distance sports and rarely hit the wall during long races. It also explains why ultra-running, which includes races longer than a marathon, is one of the few sports where elite female and male athletes regularly compete together, and in which female athletes sometimes win.

Answer 23.
Classification of injury:
(i) Soft Tissue
(ii) Bone Injury
(iii) Joint Injury

(i) Soft Tissue Injury:

• Contusion: Direct impact with blunt object which causes bleeding deep with muscles due to damage in capillaries.
• Strain: Injury to musculo-tendon injury
• Sprain: Ligament injury.
• Abrasion: Loss of epidermis (Outer layer of skin) Superficial injury with loss of skin
• Incision: Cut on arteries, tendon, veins, nerves due to sharp objects
• Laceration: Irregular tear in skin, cut in epidermis and dermis with blunt edge objects

(ii) Bone Injury-Fracture:
A.Close Fracture

• Transverse Fracture
• Oblique Fracture
• Spiral Fracture
• Comminute Fracture
• Impact Fracture

B.Open Fracture

• Compound Fracture

(iii) Joint Injury: Joint injuries often occur as a result of bicycle wrecks, falling is contact sports, and car accidents. They can range from sprains to fractures and dislocations. Common joints injuries include:

• Runners knee
• Plica syndrome of the knee
• Rotator cut injury (shoulder)
• Sprained Ankle

Preventive Measures:

• Wear protective gear such as helmets, protective pads, etc.
• Warm up and cool down
• Keep in mind the rules of the game.

Answer 24.
Exercise for Posture Correction:

1. Back exercises – to put shoulder at original place, some workouts of back strengthening are required.
2. Trunk exercises – twisting of trunk often strengthens the back and abdomen.
3. Leg press, hamstring, curls and leg extensions.
4. Aerobics
5. Walking, running, jumping, etc.

Answer 25.
Total number of teams =13
Upper half = n + 1/2 = 13 + 1/2 = 7
Lower half = n – 1/2 = 13 – 1/2 = 6
Power of two’s = 24 n. of teams
= 16 -13 = 3 No. of Byes = 3
No. of Byes in Lower Half =nb + 1/2 = 3 + 1/2 = 2
No. of Byes in Upper Half = nb – 1/2 = 3 – 1/2 = 1

Answer 26.
Scientific research has demonstrated repeatedly that physical education can enhance academic performance and cognitive function. However, for children with special needs, it’s valuable for so many reasons, from providing an opportunity to build collaborative and social skills, to teaching individuals how to focus on specific goals and overcome obstacles.

When students with special needs participate in physical activity and sports, they see improvements in everything from their hand-eye coordination and flexibility, to their muscle strength, endurance, and even cardiovascular efficiency. These are all simply the natural benefits of exercise — a development of better motor skills and enhanced physical health that helps individuals to fight back against problems such as obesity, and the health complications that follow.

1. Mental Improvements in Confidence and Well-Being: Regular exposure to sports through physical education classes isn’t only good for a child’s body — it’s beneficial to their mind, too. Physical activity improves general mood and wellness in psychiatric patients suffering from anxiety and depressive disorders. What’s more, regular fitness links to improvements in self-esteem, social awareness, and self-confidence — all essential for empowering the lives of young people with special needs.

2. Reduces stress and anxiety: Providing a physical outlet may help students reduce or cope with anxiety, stress and depression — while interaction and involvement with other students will help to give children a sense of accomplishment and confidence. Their physical education teachers to involve them in environments where they can feel as though they’re successfully contributing to a group and their abilities in other areas will improve according to their positive self-image and confidence.

3. Behavioral Improvements in Attention, Relationships, and Academics: Physical education is about a lot more than simply learning how to engage in a particular sport — it teaches children a range of skills, from how to work as a team, to how to solve problems, increase attention span, and focus on task-based behavior. Eventually, those skills can transfer into other classroom settings too, so that students with special needs have a greater ability to leam and engage with their peers outside of physical education.

4. Self-Esteem: Developing a sense of self-esteem and confidence is an extremely important part of special education. These children need to be involved in environments where they feel that they are contributing successfully to a group. Their abilities in all other skill areas will improve as a result of a positive self-image and confidence.

5. Cognitive Benefits: The hands-on nature of physical education leads to cognitive improvements in children with special needs, allowing them to access skills that they couldn’t challenge within a traditional classroom setting. The structure of sport – which comes with a set of rules and organization, can be a learning tool that helps children to practice self-regulation and enhance their decision making skills. On top of that, children with special needs can leam to focus on specific goals, and work on their verbal communication by interacting with peers through sport.

6. Improves appetite

7. Improves quality of sleep
As these children often feel isolated, they

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 6 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 6.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 6

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 6 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Englsih Core is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 100

General Instructions

• This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
• Separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions very carefully and follow them faithfully.
• Do not exceed the prescribed Word limit while answering the questions.

SECTION A
READING (30 MARKS)

Question 1.
Read the following passage carefully. (12 Marks)

1. Pollution has been defined as the addition of any substance or form of energy to the environment at a rate faster than the environment can accommodate its dispersion, breakdown, recycling or storage in some harmless form. In simpler terms, pollution means the poisoning of the environment by man.

2. Pollution has accompanied mankind ever since groups of people settled down in one place for a long time. It was not a serious problem during primitive times when there was more than ample space available for each individual or group’. As the human population boomed, pollution became a major problem and has remained as one ever since. Cities of ancient times were often unhealthy places, fouled by human wastes and debris. Such unsanitary conditions favored the outbreak of diseases that killed or maimed many people living in those times.

3. The rapid advancement of technology and industrialization today is something that man can be proud of. However, it has brought along with it many undesirable results, one of which is the pollution of our environment. Humanity today is threatened by the dangers of air, water, land and noise pollution.

4. The air that we breathe is heavily polluted with toxic gases, chemicals and dust. These consist of the discharge from industrial factories and motor vehicles. The emission of tetraethyl lead and carbon monoxide from exhaust fumes is a major cause for concern too. Outdoor burning of trash and forest fires has also contributed to air pollution. They cause the smarting of the eyes, bouts and coughing and respiratory problems. Owing to the burning of fossil fuels, the level of carbon monoxide in the air is more than desirable. Too high a level of carbon dioxide will cause the Earth’s temperature to rise. The heat will melt the polar caps, thus raising the sea level and causing massive floods around the world. The burning of fuels also produces gases which form acid rain. Acid rain has a damaging effect on water, forest and soil, and is harmful to our health.

5. Man has reached the moon and invented supersonic crafts that can travel faster than the speed of sound. However, these inventions emit pollutants which contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer. This depletion of ozone, which absorbs the harmful rays of the sun and prevents them from reaching the Earth, will have drastic effects on all living things. It will lead to a rise in the number of people suffering from skin cancer.

6. Water pollution has become widespread too. Toxic waste has found its way into our lakes, streams, rivers and oceans. This waste is released by factories and sea-going vessels. Spillage of oil by tankers and during the recent Gulf War has caused irreparable damage to marine life. Thousands of sea animals have died or were poisoned by the pollutants in their natural habitat. As such, it is dangerous for humans to consume sea food caught in polluted waters.

7. Dumping of used cars, cans, bottles, plastic items and all other kinds of waste material is an eyesore. Much of the refuse is not biodegradable and this interferes with the natural breakdown process of converting substances from a harmful form to a non harmful one. As such, it becomes a hazard to one’s health.

8. We are often faced with noises from construction sites, jet planes and traffic jam. we may be unaware of it but noise pollution has been attributed to causing a loss of hearing, mental disturbances and poor performance at work.

9. To control environmental pollution, substances which are hazardous and can destroy life must not be allowed to escape into the environment. This calls for united decision¬making among world leaders and a public awareness of the dangers of pollution.

I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

(a) Pollution was not a serious problem in ancient times because:

1. people were unsettled.
2. lot of space was available.
3. population was less.
4. all of the above.

(b) Acid rain does not cause:

1. smarting of eyes.
2. water pollution.
3. soil pollution.
4. damage to forest.

(c) The number of people suffering from skin cancer will rise because :

1. man has invented supersonic aircrafts
2. ozone layer is depleting.
3. no efforts are being made to repair the ozone layer.
4. inventions emit pollutants that deplete the ozone layer which absorbs cancer- causing rays.

(d) If the refuse is not biodegradable it:

1. becomes an eyesore.
2. interferes with natural breakdown.
3. remains a health hazard.
4. both (ii) and (Hi).

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible.

(e) Explain how recycling can help prevent pollution.
(f) Briefly explain what you understand by the term ‘acid rain’.
(g) What are the hazards of exposure to excessive noise?
(h) How can pollution be controlled?
(i) How is marine life under threat?

III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as:

(a) Faster than the speed of sound (para 5)
(b) house or lodge (para 1)
(c) ugly, blot on the landscape (para 7)

Question 2.
Read the following passage carefully. (10 Marks)

1. One of the principal values of travelling is that, it breaks the monotony of life and work. Life, for most people, is a mad rush from one place to another, from one activity to another, trying to gather as much as possible.

2. In this process, people tend to forget, who they are and what they are. There is no time to ponder and wonder. They tend to forget the values of life. Travelling is a time when people relax, reflect and ponder. Most people, after a pleasant travel, return home with a fresh outlook, new zeal and a better determination.

3. Travelling has also a great informative value. It widens the grasp of our knowledge of geography, different cultures and people, etc. For example, when people of Assam visit South India, they learn a great deal. They come to know about the geographical features of South India, such as the existence of numerous rivers, coconut groves, backwaters, spice gardens, rubber plantations, oceans, seas, factories, cities, etc.

4. They also learn many things about the Dravidian culture which characterize the people’s style of living there. They come to know about their mode of living, social life, agriculture, worship, beliefs, art forms, etc. Such a visit is bound to enlighten the visitor and make him/her more appreciative of other cultures.

5. Travelling has a special importance to students. Many of the things they learn in textbooks can be practically understood when they visit various places. When they visit cities, such as, Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, etc, or the famous lakes such as Chilka Lake in Odisha, Logtak Lake in Manipur, Dal lake in Kashmir, etc., their grasp of geography is deepened. Visits to industrial centres, such as, Jamshedpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi, Bangalore, Coimbatore, or important places like Cape Comorin, Madurai, Pondicherry, Goa, Kovalam, Cochin, Bhopal, Srinagar, Chandigarh, etc. open their minds beyond their world. Therefore, travelling has a great academic and scholastic value.

6. Another significant value of travelling is that it has the potential to improve one’s health. A visit to places like Nainital, Darjeeling, Shillong, Panchmarhi, Goa, Kovalam, Ooty, etc. can have tremendous effect on our physical and mental health.

7. The beauty and cold of the hills, the charm of the valleys, the chirping of birds, the song of the rivers, the howling of animals, pleasant air, quiet places, etc., can heal many of our mental and physical problems. In the Indian context, travelling and visiting places have another important value that of understanding other’s traditions and cultures.

8. A visit to various parts of India will make us realize that India is a mosaic of cultures, races and creed and that diversity is the chief hallmark of our land. In this context, travelling can help national integration and unity to a great extent.

9. Thus, travelling has tremendous educative, informative and social value. It widens people’s mental horizon, improves health, adds thrill and relaxation to life, dispels boredom and helps promoting national integration. Therefore educational tour should become an integral part of modern education. Travelling also boosts our national economy and the development of tourism industry.

I. Answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option: (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) In the mad rush of life people forget:

1. Who they are
2. To wonder and ponder
3. Forget their values
4. All of these

(b) The example of Nainital has been given to prove that:

1. travelling can improve our mental and physical health
2. travelling is informative
3. travelling introduces us to different states
4. travelling has scholastic value

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 6 = 6 Marks)

(c) What can be learnt by visiting South India?
(d) How can travelling help students?
(e) How does the charm of the hills impact one’s health?
(f) What does the writer mean by the phrase ‘mosaic of cultures’?
(g) How can travelling promote national integration?
(h) What makes people forget the values of life?

III. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following.

(a) repetitiveness, boredom (para 1)
(b) tell, explain (para 3)

Question 3.
Read the following passage carefully. (8 Marks)

Although stupidity is commonly defined as ‘a lack of normal intelligence’, stupid behaviour is not the behaviour of a person lacking in intelligence but the behaviour of a person not using good judgement or sense. In fact, stupidity comes from the Latin word that means ‘senseless’. Therefore, stupidity can be defined as the behaviour of a person of normal intelligence who acts in a particular situation as if he or she isn’t very bright. Stupidity exists at three levels of seriousness.

First is the simple, relatively harmless level. Behaviour at this level is often amusing. It is humorous when someone places the food from a fast food restaurant on the roof of the car while unlocking the door and then drives away with the food still on the roof. We call this absent-minded. The person’s good sense or intelligence was temporarily absent. At this level, other than passing inconvenience or embarrassment, no one is injured by the stupid behaviour.

The next type—serious stupidity—is more dangerous. Practical jokes such as putting sugar in the salt shakers are at this level. The intention is humorous, but there is a chance of harm. Irresponsible advice given to others is also serious stupidity. An example is the person who plays psychiatrist on the basis of an introductory psychology course or doing a TV program on psychiatry. The intention may be to help, but if the victim really needs psychiatric help, an amateur will only worsen the situation.

Even worse is the third kind of stupidity. Kind people, who would never injure another living being, stupidly throw away a box of six-week-old kittens along a country road. Lacking the heart to kill the poor things, they sentence them to almost certain death from wild animals, infections, exposure or the wheels of a passing vehicle. Yet they are able to tell themselves that ‘they will find nice homes’ or ‘animals can get along in the wild’. Another example of this kind of stupidity is the successful local businessman who tries to have as many office affairs as he can get away with. He risks the loss  of his business and his home. He fails to see that what he is doing is wrong. This is the true moral stupidity of a person not willing to think about the results of his actions or take responsibility for them. The common defence of a person guilty of stupidity is—‘But I didn’t think ’ This, however, is not a proper excuse, especially when serious or harmful stupidity is involved. (All India (C) 2015)

A. On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary—minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5 Marks)
B. Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3 Marks)

SECTION B
ADVANCE WRITING SKILLS (30 MARKS)

Question 4.
Your club is going to organize an interclass singing competition. Write a notice in about 50 words inviting names of the students who want to participate in it. Give all necessary details. You are Navtej/ Navita, secretary, Music Club, Akash Public School, Agra. (All India 2015) (4 Marks)
OR
You have cleared your class 12 CBSE Examination and so want to sell off the reading material you have with you. Write an advertisement to be placed in the ‘For Sale’ columns of a local daily giving all necessary details of the material you have in not more than 50 words. You are Mohan/Mohini, Contact No. 9811111111.

Question 5.
You are Mohit/ Malini living at C-10, Ghaziabad. You recently came across beggars both adults and little children begging at red lights. Write a letter to the Editor of Times of India expressing your views about it. (120-150 words) (6 Marks)
OR
You are the Principal, Akash Public School, Ajmer. Yesterday you received a letter of enquiry from Mr. P.L. Sharma resident of 12, Abu Bakr Road, Dubai who wants his daughter, Navita, at present studying in class VIII, Indian School next year, in class IX. He wants to know all about your school. Write a letter in 120-150 words to Mr. Sharma. (120-150 words) (Foreign 2015)

Question 6.
You are Karun/ Karuna. Write a speech in 150-200 words on ‘The Importance of Sports’ to be delivered in the school assembly. (10 Marks)
OR
Outside the school gate there are a few food carts. They don’t observe strict hygienic standards. You have observed that so many of your school students go to them immediately after the school is over. This can create health problems. As Principal write a speech in 150-200 words on ‘Healthy Food’, to be delivered in the morning assembly. (Delhi (C) 2015)

Question 7.
Within a few months you will be joining college. How do you look at college life? Is it freedom from strict discipline imposed on you by the school? A carefree life with no worries of completing assigned homework? Or, is it the beginning of responsible preparation for brilliant career? Write an article in 150-200 words on what you think of college life? You are Navtej/Navita. (Foreign 2015) (10 Marks)
OR
You are Navtej/ Navita of Akash Public School, Agra. Recently your school had an Inter House English Debate. Write a report on it in 150-200 words for a local newspaper.

SECTION C
TEXTBOOKS AND EXTENDED READING TEXT (40 MARKS)

Question 8.
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

and (All India 2015)
looked out at Young
Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling
out of their homes, but after the airport’s
security check, standing a few yards
away, I looked again at her, wan, pale
as a late winter’s moon and felt that old familiar ache

(a) How can the trees sprint?
(b) Why did the poet look at her mother again?
(c) What did she observe?
(d) Identify the figure of speech used in these lines. ‘

OR
On their slag heap, these children
Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel
With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones.

(a) Who are these children?
(b) What is their slag heap?
(c) Why are their bones peeping through their skins?
(d) What does ‘with mended glass’ mean?

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in about 30-40 words each: (3 × 4 = 12 Marks)

(a) What did garbage mean to the adults of Seemapuri and to their children? (All India 2015)
(b) How did Rajkumar Shukla establish that he was resolute? (All India 2015)
(c) Why did Sophie like her brother Geoff more than any other person? From her perspective what did he symbolize?
(d) Bama’s experience is that of a victim of the caste system. What kind of discrimination does Zitkala-Sa’s experience depict? What are their responses to their respective situations? (NCERT)
(e) What is it that draws Derry towards Mr. Lamb? (NCERT)
(f) What or whom is aunt Jennifer terrified with in the third stanza? {NCERT1}

Question 10.
Education is the most effective tool in erasing discrimination and inequality. Discuss with reference to the chapter ‘Memories of Childhood’. (120-150 words) (6 Marks)
OR
Even today so many among us believe in superstitions. An astrologer predicted about ‘the tiger king’ that he would be killed by a tiger. He killed one hundred tigers yet was himself killed by a tiger. How did the superstitious belief prevail? (All India 2015)

Question 11.
Everybody during the last lesson is filled with regret .Comment. (The Last Lesson) (120-150 words) (All India 2015) (6 Marks)
OR
Sophie lives in a world of impossible dreams. Comment.

Question 12.
How does William Dane betray Silas Mamer? (120-150 words) (6 Marks)
OR
Describe the burglary at Mr. Bunting’s house. (120-150 words)

Question 13.
Evil can give rise to only evil. Describe the character of Dunstan Cass in the light of this remark. (120-150 words) (6 Marks)
OR
Write a short note on Mr. and Mrs. Hall. (120-150 words)

ANSWERS

Answer 1.

I(a) (iv) all of these
(b) (i) smarting of eyes
(c) (iv) inventions emit pollutants that deplete the ozone layer which absorbs cancer- causing rays
(d) (iv) both (ii) and (iii)

II. (e) In recycling, we get natural products back from used material by treating it. For example, when we recycle old newspaper, we treat the used material so that it can be used again. This prevents the used products from polluting the environment.

(f) The burning of fuels also produces gases which form acid rain. Acid rain has a damaging effect on water, forest and soil, and is harmful to our health.

(g) Noise pollution has been found to cause loss-of hearing, mental disturbances and poor performance at work.

(h) To control environmental pollution, substances which are hazardous and can destroy life must not be allowed to escape into the environment. This calls for united decision-making among world leaders and a public awareness of the dangers of pollution.

(i) Toxic waste has found its way into our lakes, streams, rivers and oceans. This waste is released by factories and sea-going vessels. Spillage of oil by tankers and during the recent Gulf War has caused irreparable damage to marine life.

III. (a) Supersonic (b) Accommodate (c) Eyesore

Answer 2.

I. (a) (iv) All of these
(b) (i) travelling can improve our mental and physical health

II. (c) We can learn about the features of south India, such as the existence of numerous rivers, coconut groves, backwaters, spice gardens, rubber plantations, oceans, seas, factories, cities, etc.

(d) Travelling has a special importance to students. Many of the things they learn in textbooks can be practically understood when they visit various places.

(e) The beauty and cold of the hills, the charm of the valleys, the chirping of birds, the song of the rivers, the howling of animals, pleasant air, quiet places, etc., can heal many of our mental and physical problems.

(f) The phrase ‘mosaic of cultures’ means assortment of diverse cultures. He wishes to point out how travelling exposes one to a mixture of diverse cultures.

(g) By travelling the traveler gets exposure to diverse lands and cultures which are all beautifully united under one nation.

(h) Today people lead a hectic life in pursuit of getting as much as possible. They have no time to ponder and wonder and thus tend to forget the values of life.

III. (a) monotony (b) enlighten

Answer 3.

A. TITLE : Stupidity

NOTES :

(a) What is stupidity?

1. comes from the latin word = senseless
2. lack of normal int’ce
3. not using commn judgement

(b) STU-three types
1. first type

1. harmless
2. caused due to absentmindedness
3. Causes inconv, embarsmnt

2. second type:
(i) may be called serious stu
(ii) occurs due to

(a) practical but harmful jokes
(b) harmful advice

3. 3rd type- moral stu
(i) occurs due to

(a) unwillingness to think about result of one’s actions
(b) unwillingness to hold oneself responsible

Key to Abbreviations
int’ce : intelligence
commn : common
stu : stupidity
inconv : inconvenience
embarsmnt : embarrassment

B. SUMMARY

Stupidity comes from the Latin word meaning ‘senseless’. It means lack of common sense and not using good judgement. There are three types of stupidity. The first type is essentially harmless and is caused due to absent-mindedness. It may cause embarrassment and inconvenience. The second type results from giving harmful advice or making practical and harmful jokes. Moral stupidity results from unwillingness to hold oneself responsible for one’s actions or to think about the consequences of one’s actions.

Answer 4.

Answer 5.

C-10, Ghaziabad
8th September, 20××
The Editor
The Times of India
Delhi

Sub: Problem of Begging in India Sir,

I would like to request you to kindly give a little space to my letter in your esteemed newspaper.

The problem of beggars in India is a matter of great shame and concern. Both adults and children are seen at the bus-stop, at red lights, near temples, at market, etc. A beggar is a stigma. He is a burden on society. Begging neither involves physical labour nor mental exertion. Some beggars earn more than most of the low paid persons. They get used to a life of leisure.

Some people deceive others pretending to be handicapped and beg in the name of God. God-fearing and charitable people give them alms. They pose to be deaf and dumb in order to arouse the sentiments of the passerby and evoke their sympathy. They do not spare even foreign tourists and these foreigners get a bad image about our country due to these beggars. They even push their little children into this menace.

It is a sin against humanity to patronize beggars. With our help we are spoiling a person and are creating a problem for the society by adding to the number of beggars. The authorities should put a ban on begging so that the pursuers and perpetrators of begging should be dealt with an iron hand.

Yours faithfully
Mohit

OR

Akash Public School,
Ajmer
6th September, 20××
P.L Sharma
Abu Bakr Road,
Dubai

Sub: Facilities offered by Akash Public School, Ajmer

Sir

I am delighted to receive your letter of enquiry about the various facilities offered by our school and am happy to give you an overview of our school.

Akash Public School offers excellent educational facilities which are continually being extended and developed. A successful programme of building development has occurred at the school over recent years.

The Sports Centre has a magnificent 25 meter indoor heated swimming pool. The centre also includes squash courts, weight-training room, large sports hall, complete with 7.5m high climbing wall, and a smaller multi-purpose gymnasium.

The Music Department includes a recital room, keyboard room and several practice rooms. The Science Centre opened recently provides some of the best facilities for teaching science of any school in Ajmer.

The building has a floor dedicated to each of the Biology, Chemistry and Physics departments and includes four spacious laboratories.

We follow the CBSE Curriculum. Cultural activities are given equal time in the curriculum. I sincerely hope that this overview of our school will persuade you to admit your daughter in our progressive school.

Regards
Madan Sood
Principal

Answer 6.
Good morning, respected Principal, teachers and students! I, Karuna, am here to deliver a speech on the importance of sports and games in one’s life. Games and sports are an integral part of a student’s life. A student should study hard to be successful in competitive examinations. But, he should also play games and sports to enjoy the health and vigour of life.

Along with bookish learning, a student should spend his time on games and sports. There are many people who give importance only to bookish knowledge. Indeed, there is often no provision for games at all. There are many benefits of games and sports in education. Outdoor games such as football, cricket, badminton, tennis, etc. gradually build our personality. It is completely optional for the students to participate in games and sports and as a matter-of-fact very few take part in school or college games. The training for different branches of games and sports should be given in a scientific way under a good coach, according to the ability and interest of the student.

Inclusion of games in the curriculum of studies is, therefore, very important in modern times. Remember, ‘All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy’. ‘

Thank you

OR

Good morning, respected Principal, teachers and students! Today I am going to speak on ‘Hygiene’ as a way of life. It is a habit that needs to be focused on and inculcated in children at an early age. And it need not be restricted to our bodies alone; it needs to be maintained through our diet and surroundings as well. Let’s see how we can go about this.

Do not eat food from roadside stalls. Such roadside food stalls are the main causes of stomach disorders and water-borne diseases. There is no surety of the quality of the materials that they use.Your favourite samosas can give you a terrible stomach ache! A proverb says that health is wealth. It is truly said that of all things in the world, health is the most valuable that one can possess. Money is no doubt a pleasant thing. However, it can give no pleasure to a man of ruined health. As body and mind are closely connected, the mind cannot be sound and cheerful without sound health. Wholesome food gives good health. Vegetables and many other things that we generally take are nutritious food. A mixed diet is the best food for us. Stale and rotten food is dangerous for health. I hope you will adopt healthy eating habits for your good health.

Thank you

Answer 7.

College Life
By Navtej

Many young adults seem to believe that college life is filled with parties and typically a laid-back lifestyle. They imagine a lifestyle with no other worries besides occasional tasks. It is often said that college is the greatest time of one’s life; many high school students believe this and look forward to it. Some enjoy the idea of being able to come to class late, leave when they want, and pretty much have say-so of their own lives now that their parents are out of the picture. The majority of freshmen enter college picturing it an easy and fun-filled ride.

College is a very important part of your life because it is going to prepare you mentally and physically for your future. Higher studies equip you with knowledge, skills that give you the required leverage for a fulfilling career. It is the time for greater exposure to a variety of people, and different ideas. It is truly the time for building one’s personality, understanding oneself, exercising independence and realizing one’s potential.

No doubt college life is exciting but it also comes with its share of responsibilities.

OR

Akash Public Scool Hosts English Debate
By Navita

Agra, 8th September: An Inter house English Debate competition for the juniors (standard IX and X) was held on 7th September, 20xx. The format of the debate was a bit different as the day witnessed the prelims wherein Narmada and Cauvery had to debate on the topic, ‘Does the Present Education System Provide Holistic Education?’ Whereas the other two houses Ganga and Godavari exhibited their debating skills on the topic, ‘RTE: A Boon for the Underprivileged’.

The competition was judged by Mrs. Prabhjot and Mrs. Shanti Sateesh and moderated by Monisha C S and Deeksha Arora. It was very evident that the teams were well prepared and they used various skills like overstatement, definition, irony, etc. to convince the audience. The participants, armed with statistics and data made their arguments more emphatic with their facial expressions, body movement and gestures. All the four teams exhibited great oratorical skills but finally the two teams that were declared winners were Ganga and Narmada. Mrs. Prabhjot said, “The standard of the debate was awesome.” The final will be held shortly and it is expected to be laced with more nail biting moments and an intense face off.

Answer 8.

(a) Trees appear to be sprinting because of the relative motion of the moving car in which the poet is seated.
(b) The poet looked at her mother again because she was leaving and wanted to see her pale and weak face lest this should be the last time.
(c) She observed how wan and pale her mother had become.
(d) The figure of speech is simile. The pale and dull visage of the mother has been compared to the late winter moon.

OR

(a) The children belong to the slums in which the elementary school is situated.
(b) Their frail, undernourished bodies are like garbage heaps or slag.
(c) The children are so weak and thin that it appears as if their bones are visible through their skins.
(d) This refers to the broken and mended lenses of the spectacles they are wearing.

Answer 9.

(a) Garbage was a means of survival to the adult ragpickers of Seemapuri. Their daily bread depended on it. While for the children it was like gold, since they sometimes found money in it. So they were motivated to scrounge in the garbage heaps.

(b) Rajkumar Shukla is being described as being ‘resolute’ because he was fully determined to take Gandhi to Bihar. Being an illiterate and poor share-cropper from Champaran, he had come to apprise and complain to Gandhi about the injustice of the landlord system in Bihar. He met Gandhi in the Lucknow session of the Congress. He was too committed to accompany Gandhi everywhere. Gandhi was very much impressed by his tenacity and fixed time for Calcutta. Months passed in waiting. Shukla was sitting at the haunches at the fixed place in Calcutta, till Gandhi was free. Finally both boarded a’ train to Patna.

(c) Geoff spoke little. Words had to be prized out of him like stones out of the ground. Sophie was jealous of his silence. She knew when he was not speaking, he was away somewhere. He was out in the world in those places she had never been. She wanted to share her brother’s affections. He was more tolerant of her wild stories than her father. He did not believe her but wasn’t harsh to her.

(d) In spite of Zitkala-Sa’s hard struggle for not letting her hair be shingled, her long hair is forcefully removed. In ‘The Cutting of My Long Hair’ She describes how she suffered extreme indignities. She tried to maintain her identity and her distinct culture of native America. The British colonizers wanted to stamp their own ways on her personality. This is an example of racial discrimination. Bama a dalit, on the other hand suffered due to caste system prevalent in India. Both fight discrimination through education and spreading awareness about it through their writings.

(e) Mr Lamb is a physically challenged man. He has got a tin leg. The real one got blown off, years back. Children tease him calling him “Lamey – Lamb”. But Mr Lamb never minds such things. He has a positive attitude towards life. He likes to talk and have company. He is open and never shuts himself in.

Mr Lamb’s meeting with Derry brings a turning point in Derry’s life. He gives confidence to Derry. He persuades him that he can get better than rest of the people. He should stop hating people. Hatred burns oneself away inside. Derry should take life as it is. This leaves a deep impression on Derry.

(f) Aunt Jennifer’s terrified hands are referred to in the third stanza. The old unhappy memories are still fresh in her mind. During her married life, she had passed through difficult times. These ordeals have crushed and suppressed her. Aunt Jennifer is still ringed with those ordeals that dominated her life.

Answer 10.

Education brings and prosperity, honour, equality and dignity. Bama was inspired by her elder brother’s words on education. She studied hard and stood first in the class. Then many friends came to her on their own accord. Education is the only tool to end discrimination as it subscribes to the principles of merit and sincerity. It can rise above the considerations of caste, race, creed, religion and gender which have been plaguing our world since time immemorial. Thus it is secular and progressive and open for all. Both Bama and Zitkala-Sa took recourse to education as an antidote to the discrimination and humiliation that they experienced in their lives. They grew up to be noted writers spreading awareness against discrimination through their writing.

OR

Superstition is blind belief. It is irrational yet it exists in the human mind in varying degrees. It hampers the progress of society and compels people to commit foolish and dangerous actions. In the story ‘The Tiger King1 the astrologer predicted that the tiger king would be killed by the hundredth tiger.

So the Maharaja began his campaign of tiger-hunting with rare single-mindedness. Within a span of ten years he killed 70 tigers. It was his master strategy to marry a girl of a state which had a large tiger population. So he was able to kill 99 tigers in all.

The tiger king could pay any price to maintain his kingdom. He had to give a bribe worth three lakh rupees to a high ranking British official to retain his kingdom. He could be hot-headed and doubled the tax on the people. It is ironical that the King met his death by a tiger, albeit a wooden one. At last, the hundredth tiger took revenge upon him and the superstition prevailed.

Answer 11.
Two French speaking districts of Alsace and Lorraine came under German occupation. German language was imposed on the people of Alsace. M. Hamel, a school teacher, broke this shocking news to his students. He declared that a new teacher would replace him to teach German. The news aroused regret and patriotic feelings in students as well as the villagers. The villagers were filled with regret that when they had all the time in the world they procrastinated learning their language under many pretexts. Now they had lost that opportunity to learn their own language. So the village elders came to the school to listen to the last lesson in French. The small children were extraordinarily n attentive to their learning that day. Franz regretted not valuing M. Hamel’s teaching. Hamel described French the most beautiful language in the world. Everyone listened to him with rapt attention and respect.

OR

Sophie is a school going girl. She lives in a dream world which has distant relation with the harsh realities of life. She dreams of big and beautiful things beyond her reach or her means. She thinks of having a boutique. Then she entertains the idea of being an actress and a fashion designer too. Here she is poles apart from her classmate and friend i Jansie. Jansie is realistic and practical. Sophie’s romantic and dreamy disposition leads her to hero-worship. The hero of her dreams is the young Irish wonder-footballer Danny Casey. She has developed a romantic fascination for him. Even Geoff cautions her that Casey is a celebrity. She sits for hours imagining Danny Casey coming to her. She knows that he will never come. She becomes sad but helpless. She lives with all her dreams and disappointments. They are not real. They are all the creations of her mind.

Answer 12.
In Lantern Yard, Silas had a close friend named William Dane. One day the elder deacon fell ill and had to be tended day and night by members of the congregation, as he was a childless widower. During Silas’ watch, a bag of money disappeared from a drawer by the deacon’s bed. Silas’ knife was found in the drawer, but Silas swore that he was innocent 1 and asked that his room be searched. The empty bag is found there by William Dane. William had deliberately placed Silas’s knife in the drawer when he stole the money. Silas remembers that he had last used the knife to cut a strap for William. Thus Silas is framed by William for stealing the money. In order to find out the truth, the church members resorted to prayer and drawing of lots, and found Silas guilty. A month later William Dane married Silas’ fiancee.

OR

The burglary occurs in the house of Mr. Bunting in the small hours of the morning. Mrs. Bunting, the vicar’s wife, wakes up at the sound of bare feet walking through her house. She .wakes her husband and the two watch and listen as a candle is lit and papers are rustled in the study. When they hear the telltale clink of money, Rev. Bunting rushes into the study with a raised poker, but the room appears to be empty. Their money disappears and at one point they hear a sneeze in the hallway but are unable to locate or see the intruder. The Buntings are astonished that there.is so much movement yet there is no sign of the agent of these amazing happenings. They have no explanation for what they witness in their house.

Answer 13.
It is true that one who does evil will be surely visited by evil. The example of Dunstan Cass in the novel Silas Mamer amply proves this.

Dunstan Cass is a reckless, manipulative man who will do anything or say anything to get what he wants. Godfrey’s younger brother, Dunsey, as he is usually called, is cruel, lazy, and unscrupulous, and he loves gambling and drinking. He is attracted to greed and wealth, and has no conscience whatsoever. He blackmails Godfrey with the secret of Godfrey’s marriage to Molly who is a drunkard and steals poor Silas Marner’s money. In most part of his life, Dunstan gets away with being very nasty to almost everyone never having to face the consequences. However, this luck is quickly reversed when he dies by falling into a stone pit shortly after stealing Silas’ money. It is true that one reaps what one sows.

OR

Mr. Hall and Mrs. Hall are two interesting minor characters in the novel The Invisible Man. They have married recently. Of the two Mrs. Hall is the bolder and more enterprising. She runs the Coach and Horses Inn. Her business skills are on full display when Griffin comes to the inn. She offers him every possible service. She is talkative and appreciates getting a customer in the freezing cold of February. Mr. Hall on the other hand runs a cart. He is much dominated over by Mrs. Hall. He is slow and dense that why is not much trusted by his wife. However he gets the better of her once, when he points out that she had given lodgings to the queer stranger without ascertaining his identity. Mrs. Hall has a show down with the stranger over nonpayment of bills, following which the stranger is compelled to reveal his identity. Her tough stand in this regard brings out her business minded and shrewd nature, once more.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Englsih Core Paper 6 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 6, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Biology. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Biology Paper 6.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Biology Paper 6

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 6 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Biology is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

1. There are total 26 questions and five sections in the question paper. All questions are compulsory.
2. Section A contains question number 1 to 5, Very Short Answer Type Questions of one mark each.
3. Section B contains question number 6 to 10, Short Answer Type Questions of two marks each.
4. Section C contains question number 11 to 22, Short Answer Type Questions of three marks each.
5. Section D contains question number 23, Value Based Question of four mark.
6. Section E contains question number 24 to 26, Long Answer Type Questions of five marks each.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper, however, an internal choice is provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all three questions of five marks. An examiner is to attempt any one of the question out of the two given in the question paper with the same question number.
8. No. of printed pages are three.

SECTION-A

Question 1.
What is coleorhiza?

Question 2.
What is the advantage of use of biotechnology in molecular biology over traditional pathological tests?

Question 3.
What are cleistogamous flowers?

Question 4.
How is Agrobacterium tumefaciens considered useful?

Question 5.
Which attribute of human population do the following figures represent?

SECTION-B

Question 6.
What are the basic steps involved in genetically modifying an organism?

Question 7.
Explain the four types of barriers of Innate immunity.

Question 8.
What do you mean by inbreeding depression? How this problem should be solved during animal breeding?

OR

Write with examples, how use of microbes helps us to make different types of cheese with specific texture & flavors?

Question 9.
S strain → Inject into mice→ ……
….. → Inject into mice → Mice live
Complete the diagram above. What was this experiment about and who performed it?

Question 10.
What may be the reasons for low productivity of ocean?

SECTION-C

Question 11.
Discuss the barrier methods for contraception.

Question 12.
An individual has genotype with an extra chromosome 21.
(a) What is this disorder called?
(b) What will be the physical appearance?

Question 13.
Discuss the role of microbes in sewage treatment

Question 14.
What is DNA finger printing? On what principle does it work? Mention its two applications.

OR

Explain Miller’s experiment to prove the ‘theory of chemical origin of life’ as proposed by Oparin and Haldane.

Question 15.
Differentiate between spermatogenesis and oogenesis with a diagram.

Question 16.
What are the advantages of GM plants?

Question 17.
What do you understand by the term bio-pesticide? Name and explain the mode of action of a popular bio-pesticide

Question 18.
Represent schematically the life cycle of malarial parasite.

Question 19.
Compare and contrast: isogamy and anisogamy. With examples.

Question 20.
Answer the following:  
(a) Expand IUT.
(b) In which part of the female reproductive system the 8-celled embryo will be transferred during test tube baby programme.

Question 21.
Halpoid content of human DNA is 3.3 x 10⁹ bp and the distance between 2 consecutive bp is 0.34x 10^-9. What is the length of the DNA molecule?

Question 22.
Explain convergent evolution with examples.

SECTION-D

Question 23.
Rakhi and her parents were watching a TV serial in the evening. During a commercial break, an advertisement flashed on the screen which was promoting use of sanitary napkins. Rakhi was still watching the TV. The parents got embarrassed and changed the channel. Rakhi objected to her parent’s behaviour and explained the need for these advertisements.
(a) What values did the parents show?
(b) Briefly describe the phases of a menstrual cycle.

SECTION-E

Question 24.
Plant breeding programmes are carried out in a systematic way worldwide. Explain the five main steps in breeding a new genetic variety.

OR

Why are CO₂, CH₄, N₂Oetc known as greenhouse gases?
Why is CNG better than Diesel?

Question 25.
What are chromosomal disorders?

OR

(a) Explain primary productivity and the factors that influence it. 5
(b) Describe how oxygen and chemical composition of detritus control decomposition.

Question 26.
Draw schematically a single polynucleotide strand (with at least three nucleotides). Provide labels and directions.

OR

What are the post pollination events? Explain it.

Answers

SECTION-A

Answer 1.
In embryos of monocots the root cap and radicle are enclosed in an undifferentiated sheath called coleorhiza.

Answer 2.
Biotechnological methods make early diagnosis possible to detect a disease and start treatment at an early stage rather conventional methods of diagnosis where it is not possible.

Answer 3.
Self pollinating flowers in which stamens and pistil are in close proximity.

Answer 4.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens help a tumor causing gene in the bacteria to be substituted with a gene of interest and its introduction into plants.

Answer 5.
The figures represent the age pyramids of human population as Expanding Stable and Declining

SECTION-B

Answer 6.
Three basic steps involved in genetically modifying an organism are:

1. Identification of DNA with desirable genes.
2. Introduction of the identified DNA into the host.
3. Maintenance of introduced DNA in the host and transfer of the DNA to its progeny.

Answer 7.
Innate immunity consists of four types of barriers. These are:

1. Physical barriers: Skin on our body is the main barrier which prevents entry of the micro­organisms.
2. Physiological barriers: Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears from eyes-all prevent microbial growth.
3. Cellular barriers: Certain types of leukocytes (WBC) of our body like polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils) and monocyte can phagocytose and destroy microbes.
4. Cytokine barriers: Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.

Answer 8.
Continued inbreeding, especially close inbreeding, usually reduces fertility and even productivity. This is called inbreeding depression. This problem can be solved by selecting animals of the breeding population to be mated with unrelated superior animals of the same breed which usually helps restore fertility and yield.

OR

The specificity of texture, flavour and taste in different variety of cheese comes from microbes used. For example,

1. The large holes in ‘Swiss Cheese’ are due to production of a large amount of CO, by Propionibacterium sharmanii.
2. The ‘Roquefort cheese’ are ripended by growing a specific fungi on them, which gives them a particular flavor

Answer 9.
S strain → Inject into mice → Mice die
R strain → Inject into mice →Mice live

Answer 10.
Low productivity of ocean is due to:

1. Lack of light.
2. High salinity.
3. High pressure and
4. Waves and tides

Answer 11.
Various barrier methods available for both males and females are:

(1) Condoms: Barriers made of thin rubber/latex sheath that are used to cover the penis in the male or vagina and cervix in the female, just before coitus so that the ejaculated semen would not enter into the female reproductive tract.

(2) Diaphragms, Cervical Caps and Vaults: Barriers made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus. They prevent conception by blocking the entry of sperms through the cervix. They are reusable. Spermicidal creams, jellies and foams are usually used along with these barriers to increase their contraceptive efficiency.

(3) Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs): These devices are inserted by doctor or expert nurses in the uterus through vagina. These are presently available as the non-medicated IUDs (g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20). IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms. The hormone releasing IUDs, in addition, make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms.

Answer 12.
An individual has genotype with an extra chromosome 21.
(a) The disorder is called Down’s syndrome or trisomy of 21.
(b) The affected individual is short statured with small round head, furrowed tongue and partially open mouth. Palm is broad with characteristic palm crease. Physical, psychomotor and mental development is retarded.

Answer 13.
Heterotrophic microbes naturally present in the sewage plays a major role in the treatment of sewage which is carried out in two stages:

Primary Treatment: This initially involves removal of floating debris by sequential filtration followed by grit (soil and small pebbles) removal by sedimentation. All solids that settle down form the primary sludge, and the supernatant forms the effluent. The effluent from the primary settling tank is taken for secondary treatment.

Secondary Treatment or Biological Treatment: The primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks where it is constantly agitated mechanically and air is pumped into it. This allows vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into floes. The significantly reduced BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) of the effluent is then passed into a setting tank where the bacterial ‘floes’ are allowed to form activiated sludge. A small part of the activated sludge is pumped back into the aeration tank to serve as the inoculum. The remaining major part of the sludge is pumped into anaerobic sludge digesters, where, other kinds of bacteria digest the bacteria and the fungi in the sludge. During this digestion, bacteria produce a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide. These gases form biogas and can be used as source of energy as it is inflammable.

Answer 14.
DNA finger printing is a genetic molecular method that identifies and evaluates an individual from another individual on the basis of unique patterns (polymorphisms) in their DNA. DNA finger printing works on a principle of repetitive DNA sequences that gives a unique identity to an individual. These repetitive DNA are separated from bulk genomic DNA as different peaks during density gradient centrifugation and categories, into micro-satellites, mini-satellites. These sequence normally do not code for any proteins, but they form a large portion of human genome. These sequence show high degree of polymorphism and form the basis of DNA finger printing. Its two applications are:

1. As an identification tool in forensics.
2. Paternity testing, in case of disputes.

OR

Oparin and Haldane proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (e.g. RNA, protein, etc.) and that formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution, i.e. formation of diverse organic molecules from inorganic constitutents. The conditions on earth were—high temperature, volcanic storms, reducing atmosphere containing CH₄, NH_r Miller created similar conditions in a laboratory scale. He created electric discharge in a closed flask containing CH₄, H₂, NH₃ and water vapour at 8000° C. He observed formation of amino acids. In similar experiments others observed, formation of sugars, nitrogen bases, pigment and fats. Analysis of meteorite content also revealed similar compounds indicating that similar processes are occurring else where in space.

Answer 15.

Answer 16.
Genetically Modified crops/plants have the following advantages:

1. Crops are more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat).
2. Have reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops).
3. Helpful in reduction of post harvest losses.
4. Plants have increased efficiency of mineral usage to prevent early exhaustion of fertility of soil.
5. Crops yield enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g., Vitamin ‘A’ enriched rice.
6. Tailor-made plants have created alternative resources for industries, in the form of starches, fuels and pharmaceuticals.

Answer 17.
Bio-pesticides are derived from natural materials such as animals, plants, bacteria and certain minerals. This microbial bio-control agents that is used to control butterfly caterpillars is the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (often written as Bt). These are mixed with water and sprayed onto vulnerable plants such as brasssicas and fruit trees, where these are eaten by the insect larvae. In the gut of the larvae, the toxin is released and the larvae get killed. The bacterial disease will kill the caterpillars, but leave other insects unharmed.method of controlling pests relies on natural predation rather than introduced chemicals. An example of B. thuringiensis toxin genes has also been introduced with the help of genetic engineering into plants which offers resistance to insect pests. Bt-cotton is one such example

Answer 18.

Answer 19.

Answer 20.
(a) IUT stands for Intra Uterine transfer. The 8-celled embryo developed by In-vitro fertilization or ICSI is transferred in this technique.
(b) The 8-celled embryo is transferred to the uterus.

Answer 21.
Haploid content is 3.3 x 10⁹
Therefore, diploid content is 6.6 x 10⁹ Distance between bp is 0.34 x 10^-9
Therefore length is diploid content x distance between bp = 6.6 x 10⁹ x 0.34 x 10 ⁹ = 2.24 m

Answer 22.
Convergent evolution occurs when more than one adaptive radiation appear to have occurred in an isolated geographical area of different habitats. The analogous organs have almost similar appearance and perform the same function but develop in different groups and are totally different in their basic structure and development origin. For example, Darwins’ Finches and Australian Marsupials where each marsupial differ from each other.

SECTION-D

Answer 23.
(a) The parents were traditional but understood the need for such advertisements. They showed maturity and openness later.
(b)

1. Menstrual phase
2. Proliferative phase
3. Ovulatory phase
4. Secretory phase.

Answer 24.
The main steps in breeding a new genetic variety of a crop are as follows:

(1) Collection of Variability: The entire collection of plants/seeds having all the diverse alleles for all genes including all the different wild varieties, species and relative of the cultivated species in a given crop called as germplasm collection, is collected.

(2) Evaluation and Selection of Parents: The germplasm is evaluated so as to identity plants with desirable combination of characters. The selected plants are multiplied and used in the process of hybridization.

(3) Cross Hybridization among the Selected Parents: The desired characters are combined from two different plants (parents), to produce hybrids that genetically combine the desired characters in one plant. This is a very time-consuming and tedious process since the pollen grains from the desirable plant chosen as male parent have to be collected and placed on the stigma of the flowers selected as female parent. Usually only one in few hundred to a thousand crosses shows the desirable combination, for example high protein quality of one parent may need to be combined with disease resistance from another parent.

(4) Selection and Testing of Superior Recombinants: Progency plants that are superior to both of the parents are selected. The selection process is crucial to the success of breeding objective and requires careful scientific evaluation of the progency.

(5) Testing, Release and Commercialization of new Cultivars: The newly selected lines are evaluated for their yield and other agronomic traits of quality, disease resistance etc. The material is then evaluated in comparison to the best available local crop cultivar usually by a check or reference cultivar.

Answer 25.

OR 

(a) Primary productivity is defined as the amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area
over a time period by plants during photosynthesis. It is expressed in terms of weight (g ²) or energy
(kcal nr²). It is also expressed in terms of g ² yr¹ or (kcal nr²) yr¹ to compare the productivity of different ecosystems.

It is divided into gross primary productivity (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP) and secondary productivity.

Gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is the rate of production of organic matter ditfing photosynthesis.

Net primary productivity is the available biomass for the consumption to heterotrophs (herbivores and decomposers), i.e., NPP = GPP – R.

Secondary productivity is defined as the rate of-formation of new organic matter by consumers.

The factors on which primary productivity depends are: (z) Plant species inhabiting a particular area, (ii) On a variety of environmental factors such as availability of nutrients. (iii) Photosynthetic capacity of plants.

(b) Decomposition is an oxygen-requiring process. The rate of decomposition is controlled by both chemical composition of detritus and climatic factors. In a particular climatic condition, decomposition rate is slower if detritus is rich in lignin and chitin, and quicker, if detritus is rich in nitrogen and water-soluble substances like sugars. Temperature and soil moisture are the most important climatic factors that regulate decomposition through their effects on the activities of soil microbes. Warm and moist environment favour decomposition whereas low temperature and anaerobiosis inhibit decomposition resulting in build up of organic matter.

Answer 26.

The post pollination events are:
1. The pollen grain germinates on the stigma to produce a pollen tube through one of the germ pores.
2. The contents of the pollen grain move into the pollen tube. Pollen tube grows through the tissues of the stigma and style and reaches the ovary.
3. The generative cell divides and forms the two male gametes during the growth of pollen tube in the stigma.
4. Pollen tube, after reaching the ovary, enters the ovule through the micropyle and then enters one of the synergids through the filiform apparatus.
All these events are together referred to as pollen-pistil interaction also.

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