CBSE Class 12

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education Paper 3 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education  Paper 3.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Physical Education  Paper 3.

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 3 of
Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Physical Education is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

• All questions are compulsory.
• Answers to questions carrying 1 mark should approximately 10-20 words.
• Answers to questions carrying 3 marks should approximately 30-50 words.
• Answers to questions carrying 5 marks should approximately 75-100 words.

Questions.

Question 1.
Define yoga? 1

Question 2.
What do you mean by correct Posture? 1

Question 3.
What do you understand by Circuit Training? 1

Question 4.
Define flexibility and its type in sports? 1

Question 5.
What do you mean by Physical Activity? 1

Question 6.
What is contusion? 1

Question 7.
What do you mean by stroke volume? 1

Question 8.
Define Friction in sports? 1

Question 9.
Define Aerodynamics in sports? 1

Question 10.
Define Flexion and Extension? 1

Question 11.
What is knockout Tournament? 1

Question 12.
Describe the Disability Etiquettes required for inclusivity in physical education program? 3

Question 13.
Briefly discuss the deformities of spinal curvature? 3

Question 14.
Describe the Asanas helpful for health and wellness? 3

Question 15.
Elucidate the meaning and need of food supplements for children? 3

Question 16.
Differentiate between Disability and Disorder among children? 3

Question 17.
My uncle facing age-related health problems especially high blood sugar obesity and
hypertension etc. I consulted my physical education teacher regarding my uncle’s problems because once he had discussed this topic in my class. He told me that he will meet my uncle at home. He came and suggested my uncle to start regular exercise or walking for at least one hour. My uncle started regular walking. After few months his above mentioned problems reduced.
On basis of the above passage answer the following questions. 3
(i) What values are shown by the physical education teacher and the nephew?
(ii) What are the common age -related health problems?
(iii) Do physical activity help in maintaining functional fitness of aged population? State in brief.

Question 18.
What are the aims of sports medicine? Describe any two aims in brief. 3

Question 19.
Explain any three objectives of intramurals. 3

Question 20.
Draw fixture of 19 teams on knockout basis. 5

Question 21.
Define speed and discuss the types of speed in detail. 5

Question 22.
Mention the management of sprain in detail. 5

Question 23.
Define motivation? Elucidate any four techniques of motivation. 5

Question 24.
Enumerate any five effects of exercise on muscular system? 5

Question 25.
Discuss the muscles involved in running? 5

Question 26.
Describe the procedure for administering Rikli and Jones Sr. Citizen fitness Test. 5

Answers.

Answer 1.
Yoga is a science of balancing between mind, body and spirit. It is derived from the Sanskrit word ‘Yuj’ in spiritual terms mean the union of the individual consciousness with the universal consciousness.

Answer 2.
“Correct posture is applied to right position of the body assumed while doing any action so that minimum energy is consumed in order to get maximum efficiency.

Answer 3.
Is a method of training that maximizes the volume of work done in a short period of time through the help of different training stations lined up in a planned order of workout. Circuit training is a great tool to use for people who are interested in weight loss, muscle gain and overall strength increases.

Answer 4.
Flexibility is the ability to execute movements with greater amplitude or range.
There are three types of flexibility in sports:

• Dynamic flexibility
• Static Active flexibility
• static passive flexibility

Answer 5.
Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Level of physical activity can be between moderate to high, walking, jogging, participating in sports are examples of physical activity.

Answer 6.
Contusion – Direct impact with blunt object which causes bleeding deep with muscles due to damage in capillaries. It is in bluish color due to tom blood vessels. It is also commonly called as bruise.

Answer 7.
Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat. Stroke volume is an important determinant of cardiac output, which is the product of stroke volume and heart rate. The stroke volume at rest remains up to 50-70 ml/beat in untrained individuals, 70-90 ml/beat in trained individual and 90-110 ml/beat in elite endurance athletes.

Answer 8.
The action of one surface or object rubbing against another. It is the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another.

Answer 9.
Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air. It is related to the flow of air around a projectile, which can influence the speed and direction of the object. Aerodynamics in sports study of how air resistance and drag affect sports objects and influence performance.

Answer 10.
Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. Flexion at the elbow is decreasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus. When the knee flexes, the ankle moves closer to the buttock, and the angle between the femur and tibia gets smaller.
Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts. Extension at the elbow is increasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus. Extension of the knee straightens the lower limb.

Answer 11.
Knock- out Tournament – Most of the tournaments are organized on the basis of knock-out. In this type of tournament, a team which is once defeated, automatically gets eliminated from the tournament. Only the winning teams continue in the tournament. It means that second opportunity is not given to the defeated team.

Answer 12.

• Disability etiquette is a set of guidelines dealing specifically with how to approach people with disabilities. Always use person Disability in writing or addressing.
• Keep you tone low
• Communicate with them slowly and clearly.
• If necessary use communication add as communication book or communication device.
• Give them time to respond. It should be two way communication.
• Ask them before offering any help
• Never do physical or verbally bully to them or about them in your surrounding
• Never play with their equipment’s
• Make surrounding disable friendly and comfortable.
• Make rapport with them for example talk about their liking or disliking

Answer 13.
Deformity of spine is any abnormality of the formation, alignment, or shape of the vertebral column. Spine deformity can happen when unnatural curvature occurs, as in scoliosis (side-to-side curvature), lordosis or kyphosis There are three types of spinal deformities.

• Kyphosis
• Lordosis
• Scoliosis

1. Kyphosis – Kyphosis is an abnormal posterior curve, usually found in the thoracic region of the spine. As such, it is an exaggeration of the normal posterior curve (flexion).
2. Lordosis – Excessive or hyperlordosis is commonly referred to as swayback or saddle back, a term that originates from the similar condition that arises in some horses. A major factor of lordosis is anterior pelvic tilt, when the pelvis tips forward when resting on top of the femurs.
3. Scoliosis – Scoliosis is a lateral curvature or deviation (right or left) of the spine and associated with vertebral rotation. In scoliosis, the vertebral column seen from the front or back is no longer straight. It is Postural adaptation of the spine in lateral direction. A simple or single curve to the left or convexity left is commonly called a ‘c’ curve. Scoliosis curves may be found in ‘S’ shape.

Answer 14.
Asana are very effective for health and wellness

• Meditative Asana – Meditative asana posture are very effective for:
  (a) Energy balancing of the body
  (b) For performing pranayam
  (c) Remove dosha from the body
  (d) Providing concentration and attention
  Example: Padamasan, Vajrasan, Sukhasan
• Cultural Asana – are the asana posture resembling various objects and help in:
  (a) Improving flexiblility of the body
  (b) Develop muscular strength
  (c) Improves functioning of body systems
• Relaxative Asana – are the asana postures without any movement and with great stability, it helps in:
  (a) Relaxation of the body
  (b) Normalization of the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Answer 15.

• Develops immunity.
• Enhance growth and development.
• Add on to taste, which is greatly required if child lacks nutrition.
• Their excess dosage may lead to harm, esp a the fat soluble items.

Meaning and Need of Food Supplements for children.

• Meaning of food supplement. Food supplement means a nutrient that is added to your diet to nurish your body that you are not getting in your regular diet. Food supplements generally include vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids or amino acids, among other substances. These supplements may be in the form of a tablet or powder which can be added to water or milk for consumption.
• Need of food supplements for children: No doubt that food supplements play a vital role is the proper growth and development of children. Though, it is not essential to consumer food supplements but it becomes necessary when there is a lack of proper nutritions diet. In fact, it can be said that food supplements are unnecessaiy if a child takes a balanced diet regularly. Moreover, there are various food supplements which have no practical effect. For example, food supplement omega-3 fatty acids has been shown to be without benefit for health by children.

Answer 16.

1. Any degree of physical disability, malformation or disfigurement that is caused by bodily injury, birth defect or illness, includes, epilepsy, a brain injury, any degree of paralysis, amputation, lack of physical coordination, blindness or visual impairment, deafness or hearing impairment, speech impairment
2. A condition of mental impairment or a developmental disability
3. A learning disability, or a dysfunction in one -or more of the processes involved in understanding or using symbols or spoken language
4. It is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or some combination of these. It substantially affects a person’s life activities and may be present from birth or occur during a person’s lifetime.
5. Disorder is the disturbance which affects the normal functions that is performed by an individual.
6. ADHD – Attention deficit hyper disorder
7. ASD – Autism spectrum disorder
8. SPD – Sensory processing disorder
9. ODD
10. Down syndrome(Syndrome)
11. Cerebral palsy
12. Learning disorder

Answer 17.
(i) Values:

• Importance toward exercise
• Motivation for healthy life style
• Concern for age-related issue
• Consulting an expert for professional support

(ii) Common age – related health problems

• Blood Pressure
• Obesity
• Hypertension

(iii)Physical activity is an effective medium toward health life style and wellbeing. Elderly people can benefit a lot with regular exercise and activity. Low intensity or moderate activities like walking, yoga, gardening are very effective for maintaining muscle tone, heart functioning, respiratory system and provided enough oxygen to various parts of the body for optimal physiological functioning of the body. Physical activity also help in providing social cohesion and opportunity to interact with people for social development and helps to maintain emotional health of elderly people.

Answer 18.
“Sports medicine is a branch of medical science that deals with treatment of injuries related to sports and games.
Aims and scope of sports Medicine:

• To provide the knowledge about the causes of injuries – it is well known fact that each injury has specific causes. Another aim of sports medicine is to provide the knowledge about the causes of injuries. There were no injuries or any kind of misconduct during the event may be various causes of injuries such as improper conditioning, faulty techniques, improper warming up, environment factors, improper fitness, etc.
• To provide means of treatment for sports injuries and for rehabilitation of injuries – Aim , of sports medicine is to provide means of treatment of sports injuries and for rehabilitation
  of injuries. After providing first aid to the injured sportsperson, the specialist of sports medicine must be informed of providing treatment to the injured athlete, various medical treatments such as hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, and infrared rays may be used.

Answer 19.
Objectives of Intramurals:

• To provide opportunity to every student to participate in games and sports- To provide ample opportunities to every student in games and sports is one of the major objectives of intramurals. Generally few students are able to participate in zonal level and district level games and sports .So, the mass participation of students from a school is impossible at such levels of competitions. But in intramurals each and every student can take part in games and sports.
• To develop the leadership qualities among students-Intramural activities are helpful in developing leadership qualities among the students who participate in these activities. Although all the students do not become the leaders yet intramural activities help in developing the leadership qualities among those students, who have some innate qualities of leadership.
• To develop the feeling of cooperation – It is really very difficult to get success alone in the field of sports and games. In fact, cooperation is essential to achieve an apex position in games and sports. Intramural activities help in developing the feeling of cooperation among students.

Answer 20.
Total number of teams =19
Upper half = n + 1/2 = 19+1/2 = 10
Lower half = « — 1/2 = 19-1/2 = 9
Power of two’s = 24n of teams =
32-19=13

No. of Byes =13
No. of Byes in Lower Half = nb + 1/2 13 + 1/2 = 7
No. of Byes in Upper Half = nb – 1/2 13 – 1/2  = 6

Answer 21.
Speed as the rate at which a person can propel his body or parts of his body”.
Speed is the ability to move from one place to another in the shortest possible time. It means that the velocity with which an individual can execute his movements. In other words, it means the capacity of moving a body part or the whole body with the greatest possible velocity. For example, the movement of a smasher’s arm in volleyball has the maximum speed or velocity at the time of smashing the volley ball.
Types of Speed:
Speed appears in different forms in different sports. The main forms in which speed appears are stated below:

• Reaction Ability – Reaction ability depends completely on coordinative processes. So, it is also considered a coordinative ability. Reaction ability is the ability to react effectively I and quickly to any action or signal. In games and sports signals can be of various types such as visual or tactile. In games and sports, reaction ability is not only significant to react quickly to a signal but the reaction should also be accurate according to situation. Reaction ability can be classified into simple reaction ability and complex reaction ability,
  (a) Simple Reaction Ability – It is the ability to react quickly in already determined manner to a known signal. For example, the reaction of a racer in the start of sprint races is already known to the racer.
  (b) Complex Reaction Ability – It is the ability to react quickly and accurately to undetermined or unexpected signals. These signals are unexpected for sportsperson because he does not know when and to which signal he has to react such as facing a ball in cricket by a batsman.
• Acceleration Ability – It is the ability to achieve maximum speed from a stationary position or from low speed state. Generally, sprinters achieve their maximum speed after approximately six seconds. This ability mainly depends upon explosive strength, technique and flexibility. This ability is important in all games and sports in which maximum speed f are to be achieved in quickly such as races, swimming (short distance), hockey, football and gymnastics etc.
• Movement Speed – It is the ability to do a movement in minimum time. It depends upon technique, explosive strength, flexibility and coordinative abilities. It plays a vital role in boxing, wrestling, throws, jumps, gymnastics, and turns in swimming and in sprinting starts. It can be measured by the time taken to complete the movement.
• Locomotor Ability – It is the ability to maintain maximum speed for maximum time or distance. This ability is very significant in only a few sports events such as 100m, 200m, 400m races, short sprints in track cycling, speed skating, swimming, hockey and footballetc.
• Speed Endurance – Speed endurance is the ability to perform movements with high speed under conditions of fatigue. Speed endurance is a very complicate ability which depends upon explosive strength, speed and endurance. It also depends upon technique, local muscular endurance and lactic tolerance ability.

Answer 22.
Sprain-Sprain: It is a ligament injury. It may occur due to overstretching or tearing of ligament. Generally, sprain occurs at wrist joint and ankle joint Sometimes, fracture is also possible
along with the sprain. In such injury, swelling, inflammation, severe pain and tenderness are common symptoms. There can be laxity in the ligament. All the above mentioned symptoms depend on the severity of sprain.
Prevention:

1. A thorough warm-up is necessary for preventing sprain, specially all the joints should be exercised well during warm-up.
2. Proper conditioning should be done during the preparatory phase. 3. All the sports equipments must be of good quality.
3. Playfields/Courts should be smooth and clean.
4. Good officiating is essential for preventing such injury.

Answer 23.
Motivation is the internal process that activate, guide and Maintain behaviour. It is one of the main determinant of an individual’s behavior. The term ‘motivation ‘is derived from the word ‘Motive’. Motive is a combination of thought, feeling or condition that causes one to act. Human behavior is controlled, directed and modified through certain motives. Motivation is one main psychological factor which affects the performance. It means to be inspired to do something. Technique of Motivation

• Goal Setting: It is one of the most important techniques of motivation. If you do not see a goal, you cannot achieve apex positions in your life. So, the sportspersons should be encouraged to set a few ambitious but achievable long term goals according to their capabilities and capacities the coaches or physical education teachers should not too rigid while setting a goal for a sportsperson.
• Elaborate arrangement of competitions: It plays a very significant role in motivation. Sportspersons perform better in competitions if there are elaborate arrangements of competitions.
• Presence of Opposite Sex: Opposite sex plays a vital role in motivation. This is an innate tendency of human beings. Even girls as well as boys try to be smart, active in the presence of opposite sex.
• Spectators: If there is a huge number of a spectator, it will have a positive effect on the players. But its effectiveness depends upon the experience and maturity of athletes. An inexperienced athlete is usually overpowered by fear.

Answer 24.
Muscular system:

1. Change in shape and size of muscle.
2. Formation of more capillaries
3. Muscle remains in tone position
4. Controls extra fat
5. Change in the connective tissue (becomes Powerful)
6. Efficiency in the movement of muscles.
7. Delays Fatigue.
8. Increases food storage.
9. Exercise makes figure beautiful.

Answer 25.
Muscular Analysis of Sprinting:

1. The leg action in running is one that takes place in a sagittal plane about a frontal axis and involves the hip, knee and ankle joints.
2. The bones of the hip involved are the femur and pelvic girdle which form a ball and socket joint.
3. The bones of the knee involved are the femur and tibia which form a hinge joint.
4. The bones of the ankle involved are the tibia and calcaneus which form a modified joint.

Each of these joints produces two actions, one when the leg is in contact with the ground (driving phase) and one when the leg is not in contact with the ground (recovery phase).

Answer 26.
Rikli And Jones Senior Citizens Fitness Test was developed by Dr. Roberta and Dr. Jessie Jones of Fullerton University. It includes:

• Chair Stand Test – to measure leg strength and endurance
  Procedure – the Subject is advised to sit on the chair with arms crossed around the wrists and hands are kept close to the chest. After this, the subject stands completely and then reaches again the same sitting position. This activity is repeated for 30 seconds.
• Arm Curl Test – to measure upper body strength
  Procedure – the subject sits on the chair keeping the back straight and holds weight in strong hand. The subject performs arm curls in 30seconds.
• Back Scratch Test – to measure range of motion of shoulder
  Procedure – the subject is advised to stand initially. After this, one hand is placed behind the head and other arm is bent behind the back. Test administrator helps in guiding the subject about the alignment of the fingertips. If the tip of both index finger touches, then the score is awarded zero. In case it is no, touching the gap is measured and this is awarded as negative score. While overlapping distance is given as positive score. Reading is taken twice and the best score is awarded.
• Eight Foot Up and Go Test – to measure speed, agility and balance while moving Procedure – a cone is placed 8 feet away from the chair which is placed away from wall. On the command “go” the subject starts before sitting on chair. The subject is advised to walk briskly and turn around the cone and again sits on the chair. The time is measured for this whole activity. The two trials are conducted. The best trial is counted for scoring.
• Six Minute Walk Test – to measure aerobic fitness
  Procedure – the walking course is marked in a 50 yard (45.72 meters) rectangular area dimensions 45 x 5 yards.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 3 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Political Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Questions nos. 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 20 words
3. Questions nos. 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words
4. Questions nos. 11 to 16 are of 4 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 100 words
5. Questions nos. 17 to 21 are of 5 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words
6. Questions no. 21 is map based question
7. Questions nos. 22 to 27 are of 6 marks each. The answer to these questions should not i exceed 150 words

Question 1.
When did Socialist Revolution take place in Russia?

Question 2.
Which two languages were spoken in Bombay state before it was divided in 1960?

Question 3.
What is Development?

Question 4.
Mention the names of member states of SAARC.

Question 5.
Name the members of Security Council who have used veto power for the maximum and minimum number of times respectively.

Question 6.
Mention some points of agreement between India and Nepal.

Question 7.
Which interests were hidden behind the conflicts between Hindus and Muslims at the time of independence?

Question 8.
Who founded the Congress Party and why?

Question 9.
What is the meaning and importance of Economic Planning in Indian context?

Question 10.
In which context India started participating in the world affairs as an independent nation j state?

Question 11.
Access any four principles of India’s foreign policy.

Question 12.
What does the term ‘syndicate’ mean in the context of the Congress party of the sixties? What role did the Syndicate play in the Congress party?

Question 13.
How can we see re-emergence of Indira Gandhi to power in 1971?

Question 14.
Is terrorism a traditional or non-traditional threat to security?

Question 15.
What is meant by Global Commons? How are they exploited and polluted?

Question 16.
Mention negative impact of globalisation.

Question 17.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions:
Pakistan and Bangladesh have experienced both civilian and military rulers, with Bangladesh remaining democracy in the Post-Cold War period. Pakistan began the Post-Cold War period with successive democratic governments under Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif respectively. But it suffered a military coup in 1999 and has been run by a military regime since then. Till 2006 Nepal was a constitutional monarchy with the danger of the king taking over executive powers. In 2006, a successful uprising led to restoration of democracy and reduced the king to a nominal position. From the experience of Bangladesh and Nepal, we can say that democracy is becoming an accepted norm in the entire region of South Asia.
(i) How did Pakistan begin with Post-Cold War period?
(ii) Mention two reasons for the aspiration of democracy in South Asia.
(iii) Why are these findings significant?

Question 18.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions:
Thus, with the elections of 1989, a long phase of coalition politics began in India. Since then, there have been nine governments at the Centre, all of which have either been coalition governments or minority governments supported by other parties, which did not join the government. In this new phase, any government could be formed only with the participation or support of many regional parties. This applied to the National Front in 1989, the United Front in 1996 and 1997, the NDA in 1997. BJP-led coalition in 1998, NDA in 1999 and the UPA in 2004.What is meant by coalition politics?
(ii) Name any two regional political parties which were a part of coalition government.
(iii) Write the full form of NDA.
(iv) What does a minority government mean?

Question 19.
Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

(i) What does the cartoon comment?
(ii) What is referred under the title ‘Yesterday’?
(iii) What message does the title ‘Today’ convey?

Question 20.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions:
Countries have conflicts and differences with each other. That does not necessarily mean they must go to war to deal with their antagonisms. They can, instead, discuss contentious issues and find peaceful solutions; indeed, even though this is rarely noticed, most conflicts and differences are resolved without going to war. The role of an international organisation can be important in this context. An international organisation is not a super-state with authority over its members. It is created by and responds to states. It comes into being when states agree to its creation. Once created, it can help member states resolve their problems peacefully.
(i) Is this necessary to engage into wars during conflicts among countries?
(ii) Is an international organisation a super state?
(iii) What is the significance of international organisation?

Question 21.
On a political outline map of the world, locate and label the following and symbolise them as indicated:

(i) Five permanent members of UN Security Council and symbolise them as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
(ii) Locate and label peace keeping operations.

Question 22.
“The accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic.” Justify the statement with any three suitable arguments.
OR
Did the prevalence of a ‘one-party dominant system’ affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics?

Question 23.
What was the major thrust of the First Five Year Plan? In which ways did the Second Plan differ from the first one? 6
OR
What was Shock Therapy? Was this the best way to make a transition from communism to capitalism?

Question 24.
“Resistance is the only option available to overcome the hegemony.” Justify the statement by comparing it to other anti-hegemony strategies. 6
OR
What makes the European Union a highly influential regional organisation?

Question 25.
Do movements and protests in a country strengthen democracy? Justify your answer with examples. 6
OR
Describe the secessionist movement of Mizos. How as per the provisions of the Constitution, was it resolved on accommodation of diversities?

Question 26.
Many people think that a two-party system is required for successful democracy. Drawing from India’s experience of last twenty years, write an essay on what advantages the present party system in India has.

Question 27.
Analyse any six consequences of the partition of India in 1947.
OR
How can the US hegemony be checked?

Answers

Answer 1.
1917.

Answer 2.
Gujarati and Marathi.

Answer 3.
Development refers to the process of improving living standard of country/people and economic level in reference to industrialisation and modernisation to be judged by the improvements in the quality of life.

Answer 4.
India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan and Maldives.

Answer 5.
Maximum – 122 times by Russia
Minimum – 4 times by China

Answer 6.
India and Nepal enjoy the following agreements :

1. Allow their citizens to travel and work without visas and passport.
2. India is the largest aid giver to Nepal to provide financial and technical assistance in areas of trade, scientific cooperation, common natural resources and electricity generation.

Answer 7.
Hindu and Muslim communities bear some political interests at the time of independence:

1. Muslim League demanded a separate nation for Muslims to protect the interests of Muslims only.
2. There were some Hindu organisations also which made efforts to look after the interests of Hindus only to make India a ‘Hindu Nation’.

Answer 8.
Congress was founded by Dr. A.O. Hume in 1885 as a view to express the feelings of discontentment changed to a political party in the form of social and ideological coalition i by accommodating different social groups and individuals holding different beliefs and ideologies. Even in pre-independence days, many organisation and parties with their own Constitutions and organisational structures were allowed to exist within the Congress.

Answer 9.
Economic Planning in India refers to a systematic regulation of economic activities by government to reduce the wastage of time and resources:

• Economic planning helps to achieve national goals in a continuous process of development.
• It is a rational process to associate with the future needs and goals to evaluate alternate proposals also.

Answer 10.

• British government left the legacy of many international disputes.,
• Priority to the poverty alleviation.
• Pressures created by the partition.

Answer 11.
India’s foreign policy is based on principles of Panchsheel, which is derived from two words ‘Panch’ means Five and ‘Sheel’ means a ‘Code of Conduct’ for peaceful co-existence.
Principles :

• Panchsheel
• Non-alignment (NAM)
• Mutual benefits and equality
• Mutual non-aggression
• Non-intervention in each others international affairs
• To maintain international peace and understanding

Answer 12.
Syndicate was a group of powerful and influential leaders from within the Congress :

1. Syndicate was led by K. Kamaraj, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and the then president of Congress party. It also includes some powerful leaders like S.K. Patil, S. Nijalingappa, N. Sanjeeva Reddy and Atulya Ghosh.
2. In the sixties, Syndicate played a decisive role by installing both Lai Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi as a Prime Minister.
3. Syndicate played decisive say in Indira Gandhi’s first Council of Ministers and formation and implementation of policies.
4. After a split, two groups in Congress were created i.e. Congress (O), led by Syndicate and Congress (R), led by Indira Gandhi.
5. Congress (R) won popularity after 1971 and Syndicate lost power and prestige.

Answer 13.
Congress (R) under Indira Gandhi had an issue, an agenda and a positive slogan which was lacked by its opponents. The ‘Grand Alliance’ had only one common programme ‘Indira Hatao’

1. In contrast to this, Indira Gandhi put forward a positive slogan ‘Garibi Hatao’.
2. By this, she generated a support base among poor, minorities, landless labourers, dalit, women and unemployed youth.
3. Except it, she focused on the growth of public sector, imposition of ceiling on rural land holdings and urban property, removal of disparity etc.
4. Thus, the slogan of Garibi Hatao and programmes became the part of Indira Gandhi’s political strategy of building an independent nationwide political support base during the electoral contest of 1971.

Answer 14.
Terrorism is a non-traditional threat to wound the peace and order in the country:

• Terrorism refers to political violence to target civilians deliberately and indiscriminately.
• Civilians are usually terrorised to be it as a weapon against national government and other parties in the conflict.
• Terrorism involves hijacking planes or planting bombs in trains, cafes, markets and other crowded places.
• After a terrorist attack on World Trade Centre on 11 September 2001, the other governments and public also are paying more attention to terrorism.

Answer 15.
The areas or regions located outside the jurisdiction of any one state and region, common governance by international community are Global Commons i.e. Earth atmosphere, Antarctic Ocean floor and outer space. They are exploited and polluted due to

• Vague scientific evidences, their lack of consensus on common environmental issues.
• North-South inequalities and their exploitative activities and competition lack proper management area out space.
• Technological and Industrial development have also affected the earth’s atmosphere and ocean floor.

Answer 16.

• Globalisation has not generated much more employment opportunities because it needs highly skilled people only.
• The foreign companies focus on their profit orientation projects only in place of social welfare.
• It has widened income disparities by making the rich richer and the poor more poorer.
• Gradually, globalisation is also a reason for depletion of flora and fauna in country.
• Even farmers are supposed to be well educated if they want to use modern methods of cultivation.

Answer 17.

1. Pakistan began with Post-Cold War period with successive democratic government under Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif.
2. Ordinary citizens rich or poor or belonging to different religions or institutions view democracy more suitable and support them.
3. Because it was earlier believed that democracy could flourish and find support only in prosperous countries of the world.

Answer 18.

• Coalition politics does not have majority even to a single party but parties may enter into an alliance or get support of other parties to form government.
• NDA and United Front
• National Democratic Alliance
• Minority governments are supported by other parties which did not join the government.

Answer 19.

• Cartoon comments on the changing scenario due to globalisation.
• It refers to earlier conditions of developing countries who were starving due to less growth in their economy.
• Globalisation opened doors for new entrants from developing nations and resulted into brain drain.

Answer 20.

• No, instead countries can discuss contentious issues to find peaceful solutions.
• No, it is created by and responds to states and comes into being when study agrees to its creation.
• To help member states to resolve problems peacefully without going to war.

Answer 21.

1. • France
   • Russia
   • The UK
   • The US
   • China
2. • Cyprus 1964
   • Lebanon 1978
   • Israel 1974
   • Sudan 2005
   • East Timor 2006

Answer 22.

1. The States Reorganisation Commission was set up in 1953 by the Central Government to redraw the boundaries of the states.
2. The Commission accepted that the boundaries of the state should reflect the boundaries of different languages. On the basis of this, the States Reorganisation Act was passed in 1956. This led to creation of 14 states and 6 union territories.
3. In the early phase, it was felt that linguistic states may foster separation and create pressures on newly founded nation. But India considered democracy and federalism by making a favour to linguistic states only. It was hoped that if people accept the regional and linguistic claims of all regions, the threat of division and separatism would be reduced. When linguistic states were formed, they –
   • enhanced democratic practices.
   • reduced separatist attitude by accepting the religional linguistic claims of all religions.
   • provided a uniform base to the nation and strengthened unity of nation.
   • promoted the principle of unity in diversity, a distinct feature of nation.

Therefore, the accommodation of regional demands and the formation of linguistic states were also seen as more democratic.

OR

No, the prevalence of one party dominance system did not affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics because:

1. The key role of the Congress in the freedom struggle gave it a head start over others.
2. The Congress accommodated diversified interests, religion, beliefs and aspirations to strengthen democracy.
3. Despite being taken place of free and fair elections, Congress won elections in the same manner again and again.
4. The Congress Party consisted of various factions inside itself, based on ideological considerations who never taught together or went out of Congress.
5. Hence, on the basis of above mentioned criterion, it can be concluded that Congress

Answer 23.
The First Five Year Plan was commenced in 1951 to be drafted by young economist K.N. Roy with the emphasis on poverty alleviation. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India presented this to the Parliament of India. Its main thrusts were as follows:

1. To invest in dams and irrigation to improve agricultural sector with the urgent attention.
2. Huge allocations were made for large scale projects like Bhakra-Nangal dam.
3. It focused on land reforms for the development in rural areas.
4. It aimed to increase level of national income. The First Five Year plan differed from the Second Five Year plan:
   • The Second Five Year Plan stressed on heavy industrialisation.
   • It wanted to bring quick structural transformation in all possible directions in place of slow and steady growth like First Five Year Plan.

OR

Shock Therapy was a painful process of transition from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system. This transformation system was influenced by the world bank and the IMF in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe. Though it varies in intensity and speed amongst the former second world countries but its direction and features were quite siihilar.
This was not the best way to make a transition from communism to capitalism due to following drawbacks:

1. Russia, the large state controlled industrial complex lost about 90 per cent of its industries through sales to private individuals and companies.
2. It created “the largest garage sale in history” which led virtual disappearance of entire industries for the restructuring was carried out by market forces in place of government owned policies.
   Hence, industries were undervalued and sold at throwaway prices.
3. It systematically destroyed old system of social welfare.
4. The value of‘ruble’, the Russian currency, declined dramatically due to high rate of inflation and real GDP of Russia also declined between 1989 to 1999.
5. The withdrawal of government subsidies pushed large sections of society into poverty and it emerged mafia to start controlling many economic activities.
6. Privatisation led to new disparities which divided Russia between rich and poor people creating economic inequality.
7. Hence, Shock Therapy brought ruin to economies and disaster upon the people of entire region.

Answer 24.
Bandwagon Strategy :

1. The best way to resist hegemony is to work with other than against the hegemony. So, instead of engaging in activities opposed to hegemonic power, it may be to extract benefits by operating within the hegemonic system. .
2. Another strategy named ‘Hide’ implies staying away from the dominant power as far as possible. All the big powers like China, Russia, the European Union are seeking to stay below the radar but this cannot go on for a long time.
3. Some people believe that resistance to the US hegemony is the only solution but not from states who are unable to face the hegemony.
4. Therefore, challenges to the US hegemony will emerge in the economic and cultural realms and will come from a contribution of Non-Governmental organizations social movements and public opinion.
5. Resistance may be from the section of media and intellectuals, artists and writers.

OR

As a supernational organisation, the European Union bears economic, political diplomacy and military influence as a regional organisation in the following manner:

1. Economic Influence :
   • Three times larger share in world trade than the US.
   • Its currency Euro, can pose a threat to the dominance of the US dollar.
   • The EU functions as an important bloc in the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
2. Political and Diplomatic Influences :
   • The EU also includes various non-permanent members of the UNSC.
   • The European Union plays an influential role in diplomacy and negotiations except the military force i.e. the EU’s dialogue with China on human rights and environmental degradation is remarkable.
3. Military Influence :
   • The EU’s combined armed forces are second largest in the world.
   • Its total expenditure on military is second to the US.
   • The EU is world’s second most important source of space and communications technology.

Answer 25.
Yes, to some extent movements and protests in country strengthen democracy to have mixed reactions both for and against:
Arguments for :

1. Anti-arrack movement, Chipko movement, NBA etc., rectified some problems to be seen as integral part of democratic politics.
2. These movements ensured participation and representation from diverse groups to reduce possibility of deep social conflicts in democracy.
3. These movements broadened the idea of participation in Indian democracy i.e., Anti¬arrack movement and Dalit Panthers.

Arguments against :

1. Collective actions, rallies, strikes, disrupt the functioning of a democracy and create a delay in decision making.
2. Routine functioning of democracy did not have enough space for the voices of these social groups.
3. It is possible to ignore demand of these movements with the presentation to be represented by one section of society only.
4. Political parties do not seem to be taking up issues of marginal social groups.
5. The relationship between popular movements and political parties has grown weaker over the years creating a vacuum in politics.

Hence, we may conclude that movements are not only about collective assertions or rallies or protest, but they also involve a gradual process of coming together of people with similar problems, demand and expectations.

OR

1. After Independence, the Mizo hills was made an autonomous district within Assam.
2. Some Mizos believed that they were never a part of British India and not to belong to Indian Union.
3. The movement of seccession gained popular support after Assam government failed to respond adequately to great famine of 1959 in Mizo hills.
4. It led to formation of Mizo National Front (MNF) under leadership of Laldenga.
5. In 1966, the MNF started an armed campaign for independence.
6. The MNF fought gurilla war, got support from Pakistan government and secured shelter in then East Pakistan.
7. At the end of two decades of insurgency, Mizoram under leadership of Laldenga started negotiations with Indian government.
8. 1986, a peace agreement was signed between Rajiv Gandhi and Laldenga which granted statehood to Mizoram with special powers and MNF agreed to give up seccessionist struggle.
9. Today, Mizoram is one of the most peaceful places in the region alongwith big strides in literacy and development.

Answer 26.
In the first decade of electoral politics, India did not have a recognised opposition party. But some of vibrant and diverse opposition parties had come into being even before the first General Election of 1952 as the non-Congress parties. Hence, the roots of almost all the non-Congress parties of today can be traced to one or the other of the opposition parties of 1950s.
All these opposition parties gained only a representation, still their presence played a crucial role in maintaining democratic character of system. Hence due to following reasons two party system is required for successful democracy:

1. Within two party systems, the opposition party offers a sustained and principled criticism of policies and practices of ruling party keeping it under a strict check.
2. By keeping democratic political alternative alive, these parties prevented the resentment with the system from turning anti-democratic.

On the basis of above mentioned features it is justifiable to have a two party system which have following advantages:

1. India has arrived at more competitive politics.
2. Political parties act within the spheres of consensus.
3. New forms, vision, pathways of development have been identified.
4. Issues like poverty, displacement, minimum wages, livelihood and social security are being put on political agenda.
5. Issues of justice and democracy are being voiced by various classes, castes and regions to remind states its responsibility.

Answer 27.
Consequences of the partition of India :

1. The year 1947 was the year of one of the largest, most abrupt, unplanned and tragic transfer of population that Indian history was known. In the name of religion, people of a community killed and maimed people of the other community. Cities like Lahore, Calcutta (Kolkata) and Amritsar were titled as communal zones.
2. Muslims would avoid going into areas where mainly Hindus and Sikhs lived. Similarly, the Hindus and Sikhs stayed away from Muslim areas.
3. People went through immense sufferings because they were forced to abandon their homes and move across borders. Minorities on both sides of the border fled their homes and often secured temporary shelter in ‘refugee camps’. They often found helpless local police and administration helpless in what was till recently their own country. They travelled to the other side of the new border by all sorts of means, often by foot. Even during this journey they were often attacked, killed or raped. Thousands of women were abducted on both sides of the border. They were made to convert to the religion of the abductor and were forced into marriage. In many cases, women were killed by their own family members to preserve the ‘family honour’. Many children were separated from their parents.
4. Those who did manage to cross the border found that they had no home. For lakhs of these ‘refugees’ the country’s freedom meant life in refugee camps, for a long time.
5. While recounting the trauma of partition, they have often used the phrase that the survivors themselves used to describe partition—as a division of hearts.
6. The partition was not merely a division of properties, liabilities and assets, or a political division of the country and the administrative apparatus. The employees of the government and the railways were also divided. Partition forced about 80 lakh people to migrate across the new border. About 5 to 10 lakhs people were killed in partition-related violence. However, beyond the administrative concerns and financial strains, the partition posed another deeper issue. The leaders of the Indian national struggle did not accept the two-nation theory. And yet, partition on religious had taken place.

OR

1. The US hegemony has been symbolised as the global village and other countries as its neighbours.
2. If the headman of global village becomes intolerable, neighbours do not have any choice of leaving it, but develop a resistant.
3. Though there are some rules and norms called laws of war that restrict but do not prohibit war.
4. No single power can challenge the US militarily.

Still, to overcome the US hegemony, the following strategies have been found out:

1. Bandwagon strategy emphasises not to oppose hegemonic power, instead take advantage of opportunities that hegemon creates i.e. increased trade and technology transfer and investments to extract benefits by operating within hegemonic system.
2. To hide strategy implies to stay as far removed from the dominant power as possible as China, Russia and the European Union. This strategy is applicable to small states but states may not be able to hide for substantial length of time.
3. Non-state actors as writers, artists and intellectuals have no boundaries to work with. They can reach beyond the limits of the states to mould the minds of people through their expressions.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 3, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy Paper 2

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy Paper 2

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

(i) Please check that this paper contains 23 questions.
(ii) The paper contains two parts A and B.
(iii) Part A is compulsory for all.
(iv) Part B has two options—Option-1 Analysis of Financial Statements and Option-II Computerized Accounting.
(v) Attempt only one option of Part B.
(vi) All parts of a question should be attempted at one place.

PART – A
Partnership Firms and Company Accounts

Question 1.
Name the accounts which are maintained for the partners’ when capitals of the partners are fixed.

Question 2.
What is meant by sacrificing ratio?

Question 3.
What is meant by paid up capital?

Question 4.
List any two items that need adjustment in the books of accounts of a firm at the time of admission of a partner.

Question 5.
What is meant by under subscription?

Question 6.
Identify situation, under which the court may order for dissolution of a partnership firm.

Question 7.
Mukesh and Ramesh are Partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2:1 respectively. They admit Rakesh as Partner with 1/4th share is profits with guaranteed that his share of profit shall be at least Rs 55,000. The net profit of the firm for the year ending 31st March 2013 was Rs 1,60,000. Prepare profit and loss appropriation account

Question 8.
F. Ltd. issued Rs 7,00,000,12% debentures of Rs 100 each at a premium of 5% redeemable at a premium of 20%. Pass necessary Journal entries.

Question 9.
(a) K,L and Z are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 4 : 3 : 2 respectively.L retired and surrendered 1/9th of his share of profit to K and remaining in favour of Z. Calculate new profit sharing ratio of K and Z.
(b) Arun, Varun and Charan were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 1/2, 3/10 and 1/5 respectively. Varun retired from the firm and Arun and Charan decided to share future profits in 3:2 ratio. Calculate gaining ratio of Arun and Charan.

Question 10.
X Ltd. purchased a running business from G Ltd. for a sum of Rs 18,00,000 payable by issue of equity shares of Rs 100 each at a premium of Rs 20 per share. The assets and liabilities consisted of the following:
Plant Rs 3,50,000, Land Rs 6,00,000, stock Rs 4,50,000, and creditors Rs 1,00,000. Pass necessary Journal entries.

Question 11.
Hina and Neeraj were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2. Their capitals were Rs 80,000 and Rs 50,000 respectively. They admitted Seema in the firm on 1st January, 2013 as a new partner for 1/5th share in the future profits. Seema brought Rs 60,000 as her capital. Calculate the value of Goodwill of the firm and record necessary journal entries on Seema’s admission.

Question 12.
B. Ltd was registered with an authorised capital of Rs 20,00,000 divided into equity shares of Rs 10 each. The company invited applications for the issue of 1,00,000 shares. Applications for 96,000 shares were received. All calls were made and were duly received except the final call of Rs 2 per share on 2,000 shares. All these shares were forfeited and later on re-issued at Rs 18,000 as fully paid.
(i) Show how share capital will appear in the balance sheet of B Ltd. as per schedule III of the companies Act 2013.
(ii) Also prepare notes to accounts for the same.

Question 13.
On 1-4-2013, NK Ltd. had 20,000,11% Debentures of Rs 100 each outstanding:
(i) On 1-4-2014, the company purchased in the open market 2,000 of its own debentures at Rs 102 each and cancelled the same immediately.
(ii) On 1-4-2015, the company redeemed at par debentures of Rs 8,00,000 by draw of a lot
(iii) On 28-2-2016, the remaining debentures were purchased for immediate cancellation for Rs 7,89,900.
Pass necessary joumal entries for the above transactions in the books of the company ignoring debenture redemption reserve and interest on debentures.

Question 14.
A, B and C were partners. They started business in one of the remote tribal areas of odisha. They were interested in the development of the tribal community by providing good education and health.
On 31st March, 2013 after making adjustments for profits and drawings, their capitals were A Rs 4,00,000, B Rs 3,00,000 and C Rs 2,00,000. The drawings of the partners were A Rs 4,000 per month, B Rs 3,000 per month and C Rs 2,000 per month. The profit of the firm for the year ended 31st march 2013 was Rs 6,00,000. Subsequently, it was found that the interest on capital @ 6% P.a due had been omitted. Showing your working notes clearly, pass necessary adjustment entry for the above. Also identify any two values highlighted in the above question.

Question 15.
Ram, Rahim and Robert were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2 : 3 :1 respectively. The partnership deed provided that in case of death of a partner the deceased partner’s share of capital will be donated for the construction of a hospital in the tribal area. Due to ill health, robert died on 30th September, 2013. The balance sheet of Ram, Rahim and Robert on 31st March 2013 was as follows:

On the date of Robert’s death i.e. 30th September; 2013, the following was agreed upon:
(i) Goodwill is to be valued at two year’s purchase of average profit of last three completed years i.e. 2010-11 Rs 45,000,2011-12 Rs 90,000 and 2012-13 Rs 1,35,000.
(ii) Robert’s share of profit till the date of his death will be calculated on the basis of average profit of last three years.
(iii) Land was undervalued by Rs 25,000 and stock overvalued by Rs 8,000.
(iv) Provision for doubtful debts is to be made at 5% on debtors.
(v) Claim of workmen compensation estimated at Rs 5,000.
Prepare Robert’s capital account to be presented to his executor.
Also identify a value that Ram, Rahim and Robert wanted to communicate to the society.

Question 16.
W and R were partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 respectively. On 31st march 2013, their balance sheet was as follows:

B was admitted as a new partner on the following conditions:
(i) B will get 4/15th share of profits.
(ii) B had to bring Rs 15,000 as his capital.
(iii) B would pay cash for his share of goodwill based on 21/2 years purchase of average profit of last 4 years.
(iv) The profits of the firm for the years ending 31st march 2010,2011,2012 and 2013 were Rs 10,000, Rs 7,000, Rs 8,500 and Rs 7,500 respectively.
(v) Stock was valued at Rs 10,000 and provision for doubtful debts was raised up to Rs 500.
(vi) Plant was revalued at Rs 20,000.
Prepare revaluation account, partners’ capital accounts and the balance sheet of he new firm.
OR
Kumar, Shyarii and Ratan were Partners in a firm sharing Profits in the ratio of 5 :3 : 2 respectively. They decided to dissolve the firm with effect from 1-4-2013. On that date, the balance sheet of the firm was as follows:

The dissolution resulted in the following:
(i) Plant of Rs 40,000 was taken over by Kumar at an agreed value of Rs 45,000 and remaining plant realised Rs 50,000.
(ii) Furniture realised Rs 40,000.
(iii) Motor van was taken over by Shyam for Rs 30,000.
(iv) Debtors realised Rs 1,000 less.
(v) Creditors for Rs 20,000 were untraceable and the remaining creditors were paid in full.
(vi) Realisation expenses amounted to Rs 5,000.
Prepare revaluation account, partners’ capital accounts and bank account of the firm.

Question 17.
Bhagwati Ltd. invited applications for issuing 2,00,000 equity shares of Rs 10 each. The amounts were payable as follows:
On application – Rs 3 per share
On allotment – Rs 5 per share
On first and final call – Rs 2 per share
Applications were received for 3,00,000 shares and pro-rata allotment was made to all the applicants. Money overpaid on application was adjusted towards allotment money. B, who was allotted 3,000 shares, failed to pay the first and final call money. His share were forfeited. Out of forfeited shares, 2,500 shares were reissued as full paid up @ Rs 8 per share. Pass necessary journal entries to record the above transactions.
OR
(a) A company forfeited 200 shares of Rs 20 each, Rs 15 per share called up on which Rs 10 per share had been paid. Directors reissued all the forfeited shares to B as Rs 15 per share paid up for a payment of Rs 10 each.
Give journal entries in the books of the company for forfeiture and reissue of shares.
(b) A Ltd. forfeited 100 equity shares of the face value of Rs 10 each, for the non payment of first call of Rs 2 per share. Rs 6 per share had already been called and paid. These shares were subsequently reissued as fully paid at the rate of Rs 7 per share.
Give journal entries in the books of the company for forfeiture and reissue of shares.

PART – B
“Financial Statement Analysis”

Question 18.
What is meant by cash flow statement?

Question 19.
Name any two tools of analysis of financial statements.

Question 20.
State under which major headings the following items will be presented in the balance sheet of a company as per schedule III of the companies Act 2013:
(i) Trade marks
(ii) Capital redemption reserve
(iii) Income received in advance
(iv) Stores and spares
(v) Office equipments
(vi) Current investments

Question 21.
From the following, calculate:
(a) Operating profit ratio
(b) Working capital turnover ratio
(i) Revenue from operations Rs 2,00,000
(ii) Gross profit Rs 75,000
(iii) Office expenses Rs 15,000
(iv) Selling expenses Rs 26,000
(v) interest on debentures Rs 5,000
(vi) Accidental losses Rs 12,000
(vii) Income from rent Rs 2,500
(viii) Commission received Rs 2,000
(ix) Current assets Rs 60,000
(x) Current liabilities Rs 10,000

Question 22.
On the basis of the following information extracted from the statement of profit and loss for the year ended 31st March, 2012 and 2013. Prepare a comparative statement of Profit and Loss:

Question 23.
Prepare a cash flow statement from the following balance sheet:


Additional information:
(i) An old machinery having book value of Rs 50,000 was sold for Rs 60,000.
(ii) Depreciation provided on machinery during the year was Rs 30,000.

Answer

Answer 1.
When capitals of the partners are fixed, two accounts viz. partner’s capital account and partner’s current account for each partner are maintained.

Answer 2.
The ratio in which the old partners have agreed to sacrifice their shares in the profit in favour of a new partner is called the sacrificing ratio

Answer 3.
Paid up capital is that part of called up capital which has actually been paid by the shareholders.

Answer 4.
At the time of admission of a partner, the two items that need adjustment are:
(i) Goodwill
(ii) Accumulated profits, reserve and losses.

Answer 5.
Shares are said to be under subscribed when the number of shares applied for by the public is less than the number Of shares offered by a company.

Answer 6.
On insolvency of all the partners, or all except one partner the court may order for dissolution of a partnership firm.

Answer 7.

Answer 8.
Journal of F Ltd.

Answer 9.
(a) Calculation of new ratio:

Answer 10.
In the books of X Ltd.

Answer 11.
I. Total capital of the new firm on the basis of Seema’s capital = 60,000 x 5 = 3,00,000.
II. Existing capital of the partners = 80,000 (Hina) + 50,000 (Neerja) + 60,000 (Seema) = 1,90,000.
III. Value of Goodwill of the firm = I – II = 3,00,000 -1,90,000 = 1,10,000
IV. Seema’s share in Goodwill = 1,10,000 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) = 22,000

Answer 12.

Notes: Profit on reissue of shares i.e. Rs 18,000 – 4,000 = Rs 14,000
Capital Reserve has not been shown as only the share capital has been asked to be shown in the question.

Answer 13.
(i) Journal of NK Ltd.

Answer 14.
Working notes:

Values highlighted:
(i) Concern for development of tribal area.
(ii) Concern for the education, health and upliftment of tribal community.

Answer 15.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.
In the Books of Bhagwati Ltd.

Answer 18.
Cash flow statement refers to a statement that shows flows of cash and cash equivalents during a specified period of time.

Answer 19.
Tools of analysis of financial statements: (i) Ratio analysis, (ii) comparative statements.

Answer 20.

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

Answer 23.
Cash Flow Statement

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy Paper 2 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy Paper 2, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

These Sample papers are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy Paper 1

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy Paper 1

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions:

(i) Please check that this paper contains 23 questions.
(ii) The paper contains two parts A and B.
(iii) Part A is compulsory for all.
(iv) Part B has two options—Option-1 Analysis of Financial Statements and Option-II Computerized Accounting.
(v) Attempt only one option of Part B.
(vi) All parts of a question should be attempted at one place.

PART – A
Partnership Firms and Company Accounts

Question 1.
X, Y and Z were partners sharing Profits in the ratio of 1/2, 3/10 and 1/5. X retired from the firm. Calculate the gaining ratio of the remaining partners.

Question 2.
State the rights acquired by a newly admitted Partner.

Question 3.
Distinguish between Dissolution of partnership and dissolution of partnership firm’ on the basis of Court’s intervention.

Question 4.
Give the meaning of reconstitution of a partnership firm.

Question 5.
A. Ltd. invited applications for issuing 10,00,000 equity shares of Rs 10 each. The Public applied for 8,55,000 shares. Can the company proceed for the allotment of shares? Give reason in support of your answer.

Question 6.
A. Ltd. Forfeited 100 equity shares of Rs 10 each issued at a premium of 20% for the non payment of final call of Rs 5 including premium. State the maximum amount of discount at which these shares can be reissued.

Question 7.
A and B were Partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2. Their capitals were Rs 2,00,000 and Rs 1,00,000 respectively. They admit C on 1st April 2014 as a new partner for 1/5 share in the future profits. C brought Rs 1,00,000 as his capital. Calculate the value of goodwill of the firm and record necessary journal entries for the above transaction on C’s admission.

Question 8.
Rohan Ltd. issued 6,000 10% Debentures of Rs 100 each on 1st April 2013. The issue was fully subscribed. According to the terms of issue, Interest on the debentures is payable half-yearly on 30th September and 31st March and the tax deducted at source is 10%.
Pass the necessary journal entries related to the debenture interest for the half-yearly ending on 31st March 2014 and transfer of interest on debentures to statement of profit and loss.

Question 9.
Simmi and Ginni decided to start a partnership firm to manufacture low cost bags as plastic bags were creating many environmental problems. They contributed capitals of Rs 2,00,000 and Rs 1,00,000 respectively on 1st April, 2013. For this, Simmi expressed his willingness to admit Sunny as a Partner without Capital, who is specially abled but a very creative and intelligent friend of his. Ginni agreed to this. The terms of partnership were as follows:
(i) New profit sharing ratio will be 2:2:1.
(ii) Interest on capital will be provided @ 10% P.a.
Due to shortage of capital, Simmi contributed Rs 50,000 on 30th September, 2013 and Ginni contributed Rs 20,000 on 1st January, 2014 as additional capital. The profit of the firm year ended 31st March 2014 was Rs 1,80,000.
(a) Identify any two values which the firm wants to communicate to the society.
(b) Prepare profit and loss appropriation account for the year ending 31st March 2014.

Question 10.
A company had Rs 10,00,000 12% debentures outstanding as on 1st April, 2015. During the year, company took a loan of Rs 4,00,000 from the state bank of India for which the company placed with the bank debentures for Rs 5,00,000 as collateral security. Pass Journal entries if any. Also, show how the debentures and bank loan will appear in the company’s balance sheet

Question 11.
P and Q are partners in a firm sharing profits in the ratio of 7:5. On April 1,2015 they admit R as a new partner for 176th share. R contributed the following assets towards his capital and for her share of goodwill. Stock Rs 80,000, Debtors Rs 60,000, Land Rs 2,20,000, Plant and machinery Rs 1,00,000. On the date of admission of R, the Goodwill of fire firm was valued at ? 6,00,000. Record necessary journal entries in the books of the firm on R’s admission and prepare R’s capital account

Question 12.
Seema Ltd. was formed with a nominal share capital of Rs 60,00,000 divided into 60,000 shares of Rs 100 each. The company offers 40,000 shares to the public payable. Rs 30 per share on application, Rs 30 per share on allotment and the balance on first and final call, applications were received for
38,000 shares. All money payable on allotment was duly received, except on 1,000 shares held by Y. First and final call was not made by the company. How would you show the share capital in the balance sheet of seema Ltd.? Also prepare notes to accounts for the same.

Question 13.
(a) Give Journal entries for forfeiture and reissue of shares. D Ltd. forfeited 4000 Shares of Rs 10 each, Rs 7 called up issued at a premium of 20% (to be paid at the time of allotment) for non payment of a first call of Rs 2 per share, out of these, 2500 shares were reissued as Rs 7 paid up for Rs 4 per share.
(b) Which value has been affected by forfeiting above mentioned 4000 shares just after first call Suggest a better alternative.

Question 14.
P, Q and R were partners in a firm having capitals of Rs 1,20,000, Rs 1,20/100 and Rs 1,60,000 respectively. Their current account balances were P: Rs 20,000, Q: Rs 10,000 and C: Rs 4,000 (Dr.). According to the partnership deed the partners were entitled to interest on capital @ 10% P.a. R being the working partner was also entitled to a salary of Rs 10,000 P.a. The profits were to be divided as follows:
(a) The first Rs 40,000 in the proportion to their capitals.
(b) Remaining profits to be shared equally.
The firm made a profit of Rs 3,12,000 before charging any of the above items. Prepare the profit and loss appropriation account and pass necessary journal entry for appropriation of profit

Question 15.
Mala, Neela and Kala were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3:2:1. On 1-3-2014, their firm was dissolved. The assets were realised and liabilities were Paid off. The accountant prepared realisation account. Partners capital accounts and cash account, but forgot to post few amounts in these accounts.
You are required to complete these below given accounts by posting the correct amount

Question 16.
Z. Comp. Ltd, with an authorised capital of Rs 2,00,000 divided into 20,000 equity shares of Rs 10 each, issued the entire shares payable as follows:
Rs 5 on application (including Rs 2 as premium)
Rs 4 on allotment
Rs 3 on call
All share money is received in full with the exception of the allotment money on 200 shares and the call money on 500 shares (including 200 shares on which allotment money had not been paid). The above 500 shares are duly forfeited and 400 of these (including 200 shares on which allotment money had not been paid) are reissued at Rs 7 per share payable by the purchaser.
Make the necessary journal entries.
OR
A company issued 6,000 preference shares of Rs 10 each as fully paid to the vendors for the purchase of building : 20,000 equity shares of Rs 10 each were issued to the public of which, 18,000 were subscribed for During the first year Rs 6 per share were called up, payable Rs 3 on application, Rs 1 on allotment, Rs 1 on first call and Rs 1 on second call. The amounts received in respect of the equity shares were as follows:
on 16,000 equity shares, the full amount called
on 1,200 shares Rs 5 per share,
on 500 shares Rs 4 per share,
on 300 equity share Rs 3 per share.
The directors forfeited 800 equity shares on which less than Rs 5 per share had been paid. Show journal entries in the books of the company.

Question 17.
Pankaj, Naresh and Saurabh are Partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2 :1. Naresh retired from the firm due to his illness. On that date, the balance sheet of the firm was as follows:

Additional Information:
(i) Premises have appreciated by 20%, stock depreciated by 10% and provision for doubtful debts was to be made 5% on debtors. Further, provision for legal damages is to be made for Rs 1,200 and furniture to be brought up to Rs 45,000.
(ii) Goodwill of the firm be valued at Rs 42,000.
(iii) Rs 26,000 from Naresh’s capital account be transferred to his loan account and balance be paid through bank, if required, necessary loan may be obtained from bank.
(iv) New profit sharing ratio of Pankaj and Saurabh is decided to be 5 : 1. Give the necessary ledger accounts and balance sheet of the firm after Naresh’s retirement.
OR
L and m share profits of a business in the ratio of 5 : 3. They admit N into the firm for a fourth share in the profits to be contributed equally by L and M. On the date of admission, the balance sheet of L and M was as follows:

The terms of N’s admission were as follows:
(i) N will bring Rs 25,000 as his capital.
(ii) Goodwill of the firm is to be valued at 4 years purchase of the average super profits of the last three years.
Average profits of the last three years are Rs 20,000. While the normal profits that can be earned on the capital employed are Rs 12,000.
(iii) Furniture is to be revalued at Rs 24,000 and the value of stock to be reduced by 20%. Prepare revaluation account, partners capital accounts and the balance sheet of the firm after admission of N.

PART – B
“Financial Statement Analysis”

Question 18.
Assuming that the debt equity Ratio is 1:2, state giving reason, whether the ratio will improve, decline or will have no change in case equity shares are issued for cash.

Question 19.
Mention the net amount of source or use of cash when a fixed assets (having book value of Rs 15,000) is sold at a loss of Rs 5,000.

Question 20.
Show the major headings with two sub headings each into which the assets side of company’s is balance sheet is organised and presented.

Question 21.
Prepare the common size income statement from the following information:

Question 22.
A company’s stock turnover is 5 times. Stock at the end is Rs 20,000 more than that at the beginning. Sales are Rs 8,00,000. Rate of gross profit on cost 1/4. Current liabilities Rs 2,40,000. Acid test ratio 0.75. Calculate current ratio.

Question 23.
The balance sheet of Kedar Ltd. as on 31st December 2010 and 31st December 2011 were as follows:-

Additional information:
(i) Rs 50,000 depreciation has been charged on plant and machinery during the year 2011.
(ii) A piece of machinery costing Rs 12,000 (book value Rs 5,000) was sold at 60% profit on book value. Prepare cash flow statement.

Answers

Answer 1.
Profit sharing ratio of X : Y : Z = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } :\frac { 3 }{ 10 } :\frac { 1 }{ 5 } \) = 5 : 3 : 2
Gaining ratio of Y and Z = 3 : 2
Gaining ratio will be the same as the old ratio which existed between Y and Z i.e. 3 : 2, since Y and Z gains in their old Ratio, unless agreed otherwise.

Answer 2.
Rights acquired by a newly admitted partner:
(a) Right to Share profits with other old partners in agreed ratio.
(b) Right to Share in the assets of the business.

Answer 3.
In dissolution of partnership, the court need not intervene as partnership can be dissolved by mutual agreement and in dissolution of partnership firm, A firm can be dissolved by the order of court.

Answer 4.
Reconstitution of a partnership firm means any change in the existing agreement of partnership. As a result, the existing agreement comes to an end and a new agreement comes into existence, though, the firm continues.

Answer 5.
The company can Proceed for allotment of shares because it is presumed that it is not a case of first allotment of shares.
In case of first allotment of shares, no allotment can be made unless the amount stated in the prospectus as the minimum subscription has been subscribed to.

Answer 6.
Amount received on application and allotment = 7 x 100 = Rs 700
These shares can be reissued up to a discount of Rs 7 per share or Rs 700

Answer 7.
Working Notes:
Total capital of firm based on C’s capital = 1,00,000 x 5 = 5,00,000
Combined capital of A, B and C = 2,00,000 + 1,00,000 + 1,00,000 = 4,00,000
Hidden goodwill of firm = 5,00,000 – 4,00,000 = 1,00,000
C’s share in goodwill = 1,00,000 x \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 }\) = 20,000

Answer 8.
Books of Rohan Ltd.

Answer 9.
(a) Values, the firm wants to communicate to the society:
(i) Harmony among partners being from different walks of life.
(ii) Helping and caring thoughts for specially abled people.
(b) Profit and loss appropriation account for the year ended 31st March 2014

Answer 10.
Journal

Answer 11.
Journal

Answer 12.
Journal

Answer 13.
Journal of D Ltd.


(b) (i) Value affected by forfeiting the shares just after first call is the investors confidence and stimulus for applying in the public issue of companies.
(ii) Better alternative would have been giving him ample time to make the payment of first Call together with second call and then forfeit the shares after giving due notice.

Answer 14.
Profit and Loss Appropriation Account

Answer 15.

Answer 16.
Journal

Answer 17.

Answer 18.
Ratio will decline because with the issue of equity shares, shareholders funds increase whereas debt remains the same which will lead to decrease in Debt equity ratio.

Answer 19.
Net amount of source Rs 10,000.

Answer 20.
Balance Sheet

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

Answer 23.
Cash Flow Statement

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy Paper 1 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Accountancy Paper 1, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science Paper 2

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Political Science is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions

1. All questions are compulsory.
2. Questions nos. 1 to 5 are of 1 mark each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 20 words
3. Questions nos. 6 to 10 are of 2 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 40 words
4. Questions nos. 11 to 16 are of 4 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 100 words
5. Questions nos. 17 to 21 are of 5 marks each. The answer to these questions should not exceed 150 words
6. Questions no. 21 is map based question
7. Questions nos. 22 to 27 are of 6 marks each. The answer to these questions should not i exceed 150 words

Question 1.
What is meant by seven sisters?

Question 2.
When was Soviet System introduced?

Question 3.
Define globalisation.

Question 4.
What is foreign policy?

Question 5.
Mention the historic decision given by the court in famous Kesavananda Bharati Case.

Question 6.
Mention the major challenges faced in Europe after the Second World War.

Question 7.
Mention the features of SAFTA.

Question 8.
How many member countries have got veto power in the UN Security Council and why?

Question 9.
What do you mean by Grand Alliance?

Question 10.
Who wrote the poem on Dalit? What does the poem signify?

Question 11.
What are the various positions on the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir? Which of these do you think are justifiable? Give reasons for your answer.

Question 12.
Trace the emergence of BJP as a significant force in post-Emergency politics.

Question 13.
How did Europe become main arena of conflict between the superpowers?

Question 14.
Describe any four consequences of the disintegration of Soviet Union.

Question 15.
Describe the hegemony of the United States of America as a structural power.

Question 16.
The emerging economies of China and India have great potential to challenge the unipolar world. Do you agree with the statement? Substantiate your arguments.

Question 17.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the following questions:
During the Cold War years, India found itself on the opposite side of the divide from the US. India’s closest friendship during those years was with the Soviet Union. After the collapse of Soviet Union, India suddenly found itself friendless in an increasingly hostile international environment. However, these were also the years when India decided to liberalise its economy and integrate it with the global economy. This policy and India’s impressive economic growth rate made the country an attractive economic partner for a number of countries including the US.
(i) Name the country which was India’s closest friend during Cold War years.
(ii) What was India’s policy during post Cold War years?
(iii) What made India an attractive economic partner for the countries like the US?

Question 18.
Why is the EU considered a highly influential regional organisation in the economic, political and military fields?

Question 19.
Study the picture and answer the following questions.

(i) What is being shown by these cartoons?
(ii) What is being depicted in the first cartoon?
(iii) What is the subject matter of the second cartoon?

Question 20.
Read the passage and answer the following questions:
“Broadly, non-alignment means not tying yourself off with military blocs… It means trying to view things, as far as possible, not from the military point of view, though that has to come in sometimes, but independently, and trying to maintain friendly relations with all countries”. —Jawaharlal Nehru
(a) Why does Nehru want to keep off military blocs?
(b) Do you think that the Indo-Soviet friendship treaty violated the principle of non-alignment? Give reasons for your answer,
(c) If there were no military blocs, do you think non-alignment would have been unnecessary?

Question 21.
On a political outline-map of India, locate and label the following and symbolise them as indicated:

(i) Name and mark any two of the Princely States.
(ii) Name and mark the original state from which the Gujarat was carved out.
(iii) Name and mark thexountry reorganised on religious grounds.
(iv) Demarcated boundary of this countries by country zones.

Question 22.
How far is it correct to say the international alliances during the Cold War Era were determined by the requirements of the superpowers and the calculations of the smaller states? Explain. (Delhi 2016)
OR
Analyse the three different views within India about the type of relationship India should have with the United States of America. (Delhi 2016)

Question 23.
How did the European countries resolve their post-Second World War problem? Briefly outline the attempts that led to the formation of the European Union. 6
OR
What are some of the commonalities and differences between Bangladesh and Pakistan in their democratic experiences?

Question 24.
Like India why could democracy not take roots in Pakistan despite the fact that both the countries share a common part?
OR
Describe briefly any four problems faced in the process of partition of India.

Question 25.
Did the prevalence of a ‘one-party dominant system’ affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics?
OR
What were the major differences in the approach towards development at the time of Independence? Has the debate been resolved?

Question 26.
“The conduct of foreign affairs is an outcome of a two-way interaction between domestic compulsions and prevailing international climate. Take one example from India’s external relations in the 1960s to substantiate your answer.

Question 27.
Analyse the circumstances that favoured Indira Gandhi to become Prime Minister after the death of Lai Bahadur Shastri. Mention any four achievements of Indira Gandhi that made her popular as a Prime Minister. (Delhi 2016) 6
OR
What was Mandal Commission? Did it try to solve the problems of other Backward classes? State any two arguments in support of your answer?

Answers

Answer 1.
The north-east region which consists of seven states is known as seven sisters. This has approx 4 percent of country’s population.

Answer 2.
It was introduced after Russian Revolution in 1917 based on the principles of egalitarian society and planned economy controlled by the state.

Answer 3.
Globalisation refers to integration of an economy with the other country based on interdependence.

Answer 4.
Foreign policy of a nation reflects systematic statements of national interests along with the interplay of domestic and external factors.

Answer 5.
There are some basic features of Constitution not to be amended by the Parliament at all. It led to a crisis between the government and judiciary.

Answer 6.

• Shattered many assumptions and structures on which European states maintained their relations.
• The European states confronted the ruin of economies and the destruction on which Europe had been founded.

Answer 7.
South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) was signed by SAARC members in 2004 with the following features:

• Formation of Free Trade Zone for whole South Asia.
• To sustain mutual trade and cooperation among SAARC members.

Answer 8.
Five Permanent Member countries i.e. France, Russia, UK, the US and China got veto power because they have been emerged as industrialised developed countries to stall any decision.

Answer 9.
Grand Alliance was an electoral alliance of all the major non-communist, non-Congress and opposition parties. The SSP, PSP, Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Swatantra Party and the Bharatiya Kranti Dal came together under this umbrella.

Answer 10.
The Marathi poet Namdeo Dhasal wrote poem on Dalit during the decade of seventies which expresses the anguish that the Dalit masses continued to face even after twenty years of Independence.

Answer 11.
On the issue of regional autonomy for Kashmir, the following positions are states as:

1. Kashmiris were promised to make accession on reference of people after situation created by tribal invasion, becomes normal. But it has not been fulfilled, hence, it generated the demand for “Plebiscite”.
2. Sometimes, it was felt that special federal status guaranteed by Article 370 has been eroded practically which led the demand for restoration of autonomy or “Greater State Autonomy”.
3. It is felt that democracy, which is practised in rest of India has not been similarly institutionalised in Jammu and Kashmir.

We prefer the first position because ‘Plebiscite’ provides better opportunity to people of J & K to protect and sustain their regional autonomy in a very democratic manner.

Answer 12.
The major trends in the electoral performance of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) since 1989 can be traced as follows:

1. In the elections of 1989, the National front under V.P. Singh came to power supported by left front and BJP from outside because they wanted to keep the Congress out of power. Due to Mandal Commission Report and implementation of its recommendations forced BJP to reconsider its support and finally withdrew it. Thus, in November 1990, the rule of National Front came to an end.
2. In 1996, BJP minority government was formed for a short period. In June 1996 BJP failed to get majority support in the vote of confidence and thus collapsed.
3. From March 1998 to October 1999, BJP and others formed alliances NDA (National Democratic Alliance) under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The regional parties demanded more share in the government to extend their support. dv) The political competition during nineties and divided between the coalition led by BJP and coalition led by Congress.

Answer 13.

• Superpowers used their military power to bring countries into their respective alliances.
• Soviet Union used its influence in Eastern Europe so that the eastern half of Europe remained within its sphere of influence.
• In East and Southeast Asia and in West Asia, the US built an alliance called South East Asian Treaty Organisation (SEATO) and the Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO).
• The Soviet Union responded by having close relations with regional countries such as North Vietnam, North Korea and Iraq.

Answer 14.

1. The disintegration of Soviet Union meant the end of Cold War confrontations which demanded the end of armed race and restoration of possible peace.
2. This disintegration created the possibility to bring in a ‘multipolar system’ where no power could dominate.
3. The US became the sole superpower and the ‘capitalist economy’ was now dominant economic system at international level.
4. This disintegration emerged in many new countries dividing Soviet Union into 15 independent countries alongwith their own aspirations and choices.

Answer 15.
Hegemony as a structural power implies economic perspective of world economy. It can be summed up in the following ways :

1. An open world economy requires a dominant power to support its creation and existence.
2. The hegemon must possess both the ability and the desire to establish certain norms for order and must sustain global structure i.e. Bretton Woods system set up by the US after Second World War.
3. The US reflects this hegemony by providing the global public goods, those can be consumed by one person without reducing the amount of goods available for someone else.
4. A classical example of structural power of the US is the academic degree Master’s in Business Administration (MBA) to sharpen business skills in a University.

Answer 16.
The Indo-China relations experience strategically organised as rising economic powers in global politics and to play a major role in Asian economy after the end of the Cold War. It can be proved on the following grounds:

• The new economic policies of India and China have broken their economy from stagnancy.
• The creation of special economic zones led to a phenomenal rise in foreign trade.
• China has become the most important destination for foreign direct investment anywhere in the world. Hence, it has large reserves for foreign exchange to allow it to make big investment in other countries.
• At the global level also, India and China have adopted similar policies in World Trade Organisation to deepen integration with the world economy to challenge unipolar world.

Answer 17.

• Soviet Union
• India decided to liberalise its economy and integrate it with global economy.
• India’s policy of liberalisation and its impressive economic growth rate.

Answer 18.
Because :
1. Economic Influence:
(a) Three times larger share in World trade than the US.
(b) Its currency Euro can pose a threat to the dominance of US Dollar.
(c) The EU functions as an important bloc in World Trade Organisation (WTO).

2. Political Influence:
(a) Two members of the EU, Britain and France hold permanent seats in Security Council to influence UN policies.
(b) The EU also includes various non-permanent members of UNSC.
(c) The European Union plays an influential role in diplomacy and negotiations except military force i.e.
EU’s dialogue with China on Human Rights and environmental degradation is remarkable.

3. Military Influence:
(a) The EU’s combined armed forces are second largest in world.
(b) Its total military expenditure is second to the US.
(c) Its two important members—Britain and France also experience nuclear arsenals of 550 nuclear warheads.
(d) The EU is world’s second most important source of space and communication technology.

Answer 19.

1. These cartoons show Indian view on Cold War.
2. The first cartoon was drawn when the US came to a secret understanding with China keeping the USSR in dark. The cartoon also expresses changing the international political scenario as after a long time. China made overtures to the USA.
3. The second cartoon shows the American midadventure in Vietnam. It also depicts that the US President Johnson was in more trouble over Vietnam.

Answer 20.
(a) Nehru wanted to keep off military blocs to maintain friendly and peaceful relation with all nations of world as well as to maintain India’s uniqueness at international stage.
(b) No, the Indo-Soviet friendship treaty did not violate non-alignment because it was not to maintain military relations but to maintain diplomatic friendly relations.
(c) NAM emphasises on disarmament, decolonisation and terrorism except staying away from military blocs.

Answer 21.

1. • Junagarh
   • Manipur
2. Gujarat (from Bombay)
3. Pakistan
4. Bangladesh

Answer 22.
The superpowers used their military power to bring countries into their fold :
(a) Soviet Union used its influence in Eastern Europe backed by the large armies of countries of its alliance.
(b) The statement is utmost correct about the superpower as well as their alliances.
(c) On the other hand, the United States built alliance called SEATO and CENTO on the question of North Vietnam, North Korea and Iraq, Russia and China came closer.
(cl) Alliances were made for the requirement of vital national resources.
(e) Superpowers needed territories to launch their weapons and troops. In return, they helped them in many ways.
(f) Economic support was another factor.

OR

During the Cold War phase, India was on the opposite side of the divide from the US as it had close relationship with Soviet. India’s decision to pursue a policy of NAM in 1945 was not liked by the US as it sided with Pakistan.
After the collapse of Soviet Union, India decided to liberalise its economy and integrate it with global economy. Hence, the US also found India an attractive economic partner due to technological dimension, and the role of Indian-American diaspora.
India-US relationship have never looked so brighter as it today. Both the countries are coming close to each other and both began to gain by coming closer.
Within India, the debate seems to be around three possible views. .

1. India should maintain its aloofness from the USA and forms upon increasing its other comprehensive national power.
2. India should take advantage of US hegemony and national understandings to establish best possible options for itself. Opposing the US would be a futile exercise and will only hurt India in long run.
3. India should take the lead in establishing a coalition of countries from the developing world.

Answer 23.
After the end of Second World War in 1945, the European States confronted the ruin of their economies and the destruction of assumptions and structures on which Europe had been founded. European countries resolved their post-second
World War problems in the following manner :

1. Under the ‘Marshall Plan’ the USA provided financial help to revive European economy.
2. The US also created a new collective security structure under NATO.
3. Under the ‘Marshall Plan’ the organisation for European Economic Cooperation was established in 1948 to extend cooperation on trade and economic issues among the Western European States.
4. European Union was founded in 1992 for a common foreign and security policy, cooperation on justice and home affairs and creation of a single currency. It evolved from an economic union to political one over time.

The following attempts led to the formation of European Union:

• The Council of Europe was established in 1949 for political cooperation.
• The process of economic integration of European Capitalist countries led to the formation of European Economic Community in 1957.
• The above mentioned processes acquired a political dimension with the creation of European Parliament.
• The collapse of Soviet bloc put Europe on a fast track and resulted in the establishment of European Union in 1992.

OR

Bangladesh has been the part of Pakistan itself. Both of these countries bear some similarities and differences as follows:
Commonalities :

1. Both Bangladesh and Pakistan were under a military rule.
2. At both the places, the struggle for democracy took place in their own way.
3. Pakistan’s administration began under the command of General Ayub Khan and gave up due to dissatisfaction among people giving way to Yahya’s military rule and continued with the army rule though elections were held by military rulers to give a democratic shape to their own rule.
4. In the same way, Bangladesh drafted its own constitution to begin with democracy. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman formed Presidential setup by abolishing all the parties except Awami Legue. But after his assassination the new military ruler Zia-ur-Rahman formed his own party and won elections in 1979. Later on he was also assassinated and another military leader Lt. Gen. H.M. Ershad took over.

Differences :

1. In Pakistan, military, clergy and land-owning aristocrats dominated socially to overthrow elected government whereas in Bangladesh the leaders and their party members dominated for the same.
2. Pro-military groups have become more powerful due to conflict with India in Pakistan whereas in Bangladesh, pro-military groups are powerful due to friendship and encouragement of India.

Answer 24.
The following factors are responsible for Pakistan’s failure in building a stable democracy :

1. The lack of genuine international support for a democratic rule in Pakistan has encouraged to military to continue its dominance. The US and other countries have also supported military rule due to fulfilling their own interests.
2. Pakistan’s conflict with India has made paramilitary groups more powerful which have often said that political parties and democracy in Pakistan are flawed, that Pakistan’s security would be harmed by selfish minded parties and chaotic democracy, hence army stay in power is justified.
3. The social dominance of military, clergy, and owning aristocracy has led to frequent overthrow of elected governments and the establishing of military governments.
4. Global Islamic terrorism and their apprehension that Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal might
   fall into hands of these terrorist groups, the military regime in Pakistan was seen as the protector of western interests in West Asia and South Asia.

The two pro-democracy factors present in Pakistan that can pave the way for establishing a lasting democratic set up over there are:

• Pakistan bears a courageous and entirely free press.
• Pakistan enjoys strong human rights movement.

OR

The process of partition had been started in 1940 when Muslim League under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah propounded Two-Nation Theory. This process involved various problems:

1. Areas were supposed to be distributed on the basis of religions majority i.e. Muslim majority areas built Pakistani territory and rest stayed with India. It created communal riots in country.
2. No single belt of Muslim majority was the part of British India. They were concentrated in East and West. Hence, it was decided that Pakistan will comprise two territories namely East and West Pakistan separated by long expansion of India territory,
3. All Muslim majority areas did not want to be merged with Pakistan i.e. it was opposed in NWFP. But ultimately NWFP was made to merge with Pakistan.
4. Another problem belonged to minorities on both sides of border i.e. lakhs of Hindus and Muslims and Sikhs from both the sides were left with no option except to leave f their homes.

Answer 25.
No, the prevalence of one party dominance system did not affect adversely the democratic nature of Indian politics because:

1. The key role of the Congress in the freedom struggle gave it a head start over others.
2. The Congress accommodated diversified interests, religion, beliefs and aspirations to strengthen democracy.
3. Despite being taken place of free and fair elections, Congress won elections in the
   same manner again and again.
4. The Congress Party consisted of various factions inside itself, based on ideological considerations who never taught together or went out of Congress.
5. Hence, on the basis of above mentioned criterion, it can be concluded that Congress strengthened ideals of democracy and held unity and integrity of the country.

OR

At the time of Independence, development was about becoming more like the industrialised countries of the West, to be involved with the break down of traditional social structure as well as rise of capitalism and liberalism.

1. Modernisation referred to growth, material progress and scientific rationality.
2. India had two models of modern development at the time of independence into considerations to be adopted i.e. the liberal capitalist model like Europe and the US and the socialist model like the USSR.
3. A debate had been occurred regarding adoption of model of development as communists, socialists and Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru supported the socialist model to reflect a broad consensus to be developed during national movement.
4. Above mentioned intentions cleared that the government made the priority to poverty alleviation alongwith social and economic redistribution.
5. At the same time, these leaders differed and debated:
   • Industrialisation should be the preferred path or
   • Agricultural development should take place, or
   • Rural poverty should be alleviated.

Answer 26.
The statement is justified to maximum extent to be proved during ‘Sino-Indian Conflict of 1962’ to dent India’s image at home and international level. India had to approach the Americans and the British for military assistance to tide over the issues.
The Soviet Union remained neutral during the conflict:

1. All the occurrings, created a sense of national humiliation but strengthened a spirit of nationalism also on the other hand.
2. Pt. Nehru was also criticised for his naive assessment of Chinese intentions and lack of military preparedness.
3. Political mood of country began to change, when no-confidence motion against Nehru moved in and debated in the Lok Sabha.
4. ‘Sino-Indian Conflict’ splitted the Communist Party of India in 1960s split fraction formed communist party of India (CPI-M).
5. Besides, the war with China alerted Indian leadership to volatile situation in the North east region.
6. Apart from being isolated and extremely underdeveloped, this region posed the challenge of national integration in front of India.

Answer 27.
Circumstances that favoured Indira Gandhi to become Prime Minister after the death of Lai Bahadur Shastri are as follows:

1. On 10 January 1966, Shastri’s Prime Ministership came to an abrupt end when he died suddenly in Taskhent. Now, the Congress had to face the challenge of political succession.
2. The senior party leaders decided to support Indira Gandhi, but the decision was not unanimous. There was intense contest between Morarji Desai and Indira Gandhi. The contest jvas resolved through a secret ballot among the MPs of the Congress. Indira Gandhi got the support of more than two-thirds of the Congress party’s MPs.

Achievements of Indira Gandhi that made her popular as a Prime Minister are:

1. Indira Gandhi adopted her strategy boldly and diplomatically. When the Congress had lost in 1967 elections, she converted a simple power struggle into an ideological struggle.
2. Indira Gandhi did not revive old Congress Party but she re-invented the party by forming an entirely different popular party to accommodate some social groups, the poor, the women, the dalits, adivasis and the minorities. Thus, she restored the Congress system by changing the nat are of Congress system itself.
3. Indira Gandhi focussed on the growth of the public sector, imposition of ceiling on rural land holdings and urban poverty, removal of disparities in income and opportunity, and abolition of princely privileges. Her slogan ‘Garibi Hatao’ and the programmes that followed it were part of her political strategy of building an Independent nationwide political support base. As a result, she won 352 seats with about 44 per cent of the popular votes on its own in the Lok Sabha elections of 1971.
4. After the 1971 Lok Sabha election, a major political and military crises broke out in East Pakistan (present Bangladesh). The 1971 elections were followed by the crisis in East Pakistan and the Indo-Pak war leading to the formation of Bangladesh.

All these events added to the popularity of Indira Gandhi. Even the opposition party leaders admired her statesmanship.

OR

The Mandal Commission under the chairmanship of Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal set up in 1978 to investigate the extent of educational and social backwardness among various sections of society and recommended way to identify these classes.
The Mandal Commission gave its recommendations in 1980:

1. The Commission advised that backward classes should be understood to mean backward castes since many castes other than the SCs were also treated as low in caste hierarchy.
2. Reservation 27% seats in educational institutions and government jobs for these groups.
3. It recommended land reforms to improve the condition of OBCs.
4. Hence, Mandal Commission made recommendations in economic and occupational structures.

The Government of India accepted recommendations in 1990:

1. 27% jobs reservation has been made in central and state government.
2. Many welfare schemes have also been launched as Swarnima National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation.

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