Raju

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS (Pages 63-64)

Question 1.
Why did the children go to Yasmin Khala’s house?
Answer:
The four children had broken the street light while playing a game of cricket. They wanted to know to whom should they give them money for the replacement of the light. Yasmin Khala has just retired from the Municipal Corporation and she may be knowing the answer.

Question 2.
List four ways in which the work of the Municipal Corporation affects the life of a city-dweller.
Answer:
The Municipal Corporation affects the life of a city-dweller in several ways:

• It takes care of street lights.
• It ensures that diseases do not break out in the city.
• It runs schools, hospitals, and dispensaries.
• It takes care of garbage collection, water supply, keeping the streets and the market clean.

Question 3.
Who is the Municipal Councillor?
Answer:
Municipal Councillors are the elected members of the Municipal Corporation. They are elected by the registered voters of the city for five years.

Question 4.
What did Gangabai do and why?
Answer:
Gangabai and other women of her locality were very much unhappy to find garbage lying all over the street and spreading foul smell. One day she said that it is the Ward Councillor who they should go to and protest since they are the ones who elected him. She gathered a small group of women and went to his house to get their problems solved.

Question 5.
How does the Municipal Corporation earn the money to do its work?
Answer:
Municipal Corporation earns money to do its work by collecting several types of taxes. They include:

• Property tax.
• Taxes for education and other amenities.
• Entertainment tax.
• Other taxes.

Photo 1:

Photo 2:

Question 6.
Discuss:
In the above two photographs (Fig. 7.1 and 7.2) you see different ways of collecting and disposing of garbage.
(i) Which way do you think provides safety to the person disposing of garbage?
(ii) What are the dangers of collecting garbage in the manner shown in the first photograph?
(iii) Why do you think that proper ways of disposing of garbage are not available to those who work in municipalities?
Answer:
(i) The second photograph shows people pushing a trolley full of garbage is segregated is a Safefui way of disposing of garbage.
(ii) The dangers of collecting garbage in the manner shown in the first photograph are:

1. People are standing on the garbage heap and work with bare hands, they are exposed to all kinds of infections.
2. The stay cows and other animals are trying to find food and they also pollute the land.
3. The garbage is not segregated into degradable and non-degradable.
4. Pieces of broken glass can pierce the hands of the workers and there is a possibility HIV germs may enter the bodies.
5. The whole area is a filthy and polluted area which is a breeding ground for germs of all kinds of diseases.

(iii) The proper way of disposing of garbage are not available to those who work in the municipalities because:

1. Municipal Corporation does not provide gumboots and gloves to the workers.
2. The Corporation does not have garbage trucks that can automatically lift the garbage.
3. The Corporation does not provide enough landfills where the garbage can/be dumped.
4. The people are expected to segregate the degradable and non-degradable garbage, which is not done by them.

Question 7.
Several poor people in the city work as domestic servants as well as work for the Corporation, keeping the city clean. Yet the slums in which they live are quite filthy. This is because these slums seldom have any water and sanitation facilities. The reason often given by the Municipal Corporation is that the land in which the poor have set up their homes does not belong to them and that slum-dwellers do not pay taxes. However, people living in middle-class neighborhoods pay very little in taxes compared to the amount of money the corporation spends on them in setting up parks, street lighting facilities, regular garbage collection etc. Also as you read in this chapter, the property taxes collected by the Municipality makes up only 25-30 percent of its money.

Why do you think it is important that the Corporation should spend more money on slum localities? Why is it important that the Municipal Corporation provide the poor in the city with the same facilities that the rich get?
Answer:

• It is important that the corporation should spend more money on slum localities because the major workforce lives in these colonies. They work so hard that the economic activities of the city-run smoothly. Hence, adequate money should be spent on slum locations.
• It is also important that municipal corporation provides the poor in the city with the same facilities that the rich get because of the following reasons:
  • God has sent both poor and rich as one and the same.
  • Poor constitutes the major workforce. Health needs to be cared for.
  • They must be hale and hearty.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Have you ever wondered who is responsible for running all this (civic amenities)? (NCERT Page 57)
Answer:
Yes, we have ever wondered that these services are run by the urban administration.

Question 2.
Do you know how decisions are made? (NCERT Page 57)
Answer:
Yes, decisions are made by the urban administrative machinery.

Question 3.
How is the planning done? (NCERT Page 57)
Answer:
Planning is done by a set procedure.

Question 4.
Who are the people who do all these works? (NCERT Page 57)
Answer:
The people who do all these works are the officers, officials and the elected representatives of the civic body.

Question 5.
Read the following story and answer the questions that follow it:
One lazy Sunday afternoon Mala and her friends Shankar, Jehangir and Rehana were playing a game of cricket in the street.
Shankar had bowled a good over and although he nearly managed to get Rehana out, she was still batting. Frustrated, he bowled a short ball and hoped she would hit it for an easy catch. Instead, Rehana hit the ball so hard and so high that the street light broke.

Rehana screamed, “Oh no, look what I’ve done!” Shankar said, “Yes! we forgot to make a rule that if you break the street light you are automatically out.” But Mala, Jehangir and Rehana were more worried about what had happened and they told Shankar he’d better stop thinking about the wicket. Last week they had broken Nirmala Mausi’s window and had spent their pocket money to have it replaced.

1. Would they have to dish out money again from their pockets?
2. But who would they pay this to?
3. To whom did the lights on the streets belong?
4. Who changed them? (NCERT Page 57)

Answer:

1. Yes, they would have to dish out money again from their pockets.
2. But they would not pay this to any person, as there is no rule for the damage caused to light on the streets.
3. The lights on the streets belong to the civic body (Municipal Corporation).
4. The electricity department of the civic body changed them. In Pune it is the Municipal Corporation.

Question 6.
Rehana’s house was the closest and they ran and told her mother what had happened. Rehana’s mother said, “I don’t really know these things in great detail but I do know that it is the Municipal Corporation of the city that takes care of replacing lights. The best person to ask would be Yasmin Khala. She just retired from the Municipal Corporation. Go and ask her, and Rehana come back home soon.”

Yasmin Khala lived in the same lane and she and Rehana’s mother were good friends. The children ran to Khala’s house and when she opened the door they began to tell her what had happened all at once! When they asked about the street light, Yasmin Khala laughed and said, “There is no one person that you can pay the money to. There is a big organisation called the Municipal Corporation that takes care of street lights, garbage collection, water supply, keeping the streets and the market clean.”

“I’ve heard about the Municipal Corporation. They’ve put up signs around the city to inform people about Malaria,” said Mala.
“Yes, you are quite right. The Municipal Corporation is also responsible for ensuring that diseases do not break out in the city. It also runs schools, hospitals, and dispensaries. And makes gardens and maintains them,” said Yasmin Khala. Then she added, “Our city Pune is a big city and so here it is called a Municipal Corporation. In smaller towns, it is called a Municipal Council.”
List at least four different tasks that the Municipality does: (NCERT Pages 57-58)
Answer:
List of four different tasks that the Municipality does:

1. Care of street lights, garbage collection, water supply, keeping the streets and markets clean.
2. Eradication of malaria and taking care not to break out diseases.
3. Running of schools, hospitals, and dispensaries.
4. Making and maintenance of gardens and parks.

Question 7.
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below:

1. In a panchayat, the elected members are called ………..
2. The city is divided into several …….
3. In a municipal corporation, the elected members are called …………
4. Groups of councilors deal with issues that affect the ……….
5. Elections are held once every ……….. year for the panchayat as well as for the municipality.
6. While the councilors make decisions the administrative staff led by the Commissioner ……….. these. (NCERT Page 59)

Answer:

1. Panch
2. wards
3. ward councilors
4. entire city
5. five
6. Municipal Corporation, execute/implement.

Question 8.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 59)
How does the Municipal Corporation get its money?
Answer:

• Providing and running so many services requires a lot of money.
• The Municipal Corporation collects this in different ways:
  • A tax is a sum of money that people pay to the government for the services the government provides.
    • People who own homes have to pay a property tax as well as taxes for water/ sewerage and other services.
    • The larger the house the more is the tax.
    • Property taxes however form only 25-30 percent of the money that a Municipal Corporation earns.
  • There are also taxes for education and other amenities.
  • If you own a hotel or shop then you have to pay a tax for this as well.
  • Also, you have to pay entertainment tax for seeing movies etc.
  • A much wider population pays more general taxes.
    Thus, money comes to the Municipal Corporation through various taxes.

Question 9.
Does a municipal corporation have a lot of workers?
Answer:
Yes, Municipal Corporation has several departments. Every department has numerous workers. These departments are:

• Water Department in the case of Delhi, Delhi Jal Board, though a separate autonomous body.
• Garbage Collection Department.
• Garden (Horticulture) Department.
• Roads Department (PWD).
• Sanitation Department.

Question 10.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 61)
What has changed since Khala retired?
Answer:

• In recent times, in order to save money, the Commissioners of several municipalities across the country had hired private contractors to collect and process garbage. This is called Sub-Contracting. This means that the work that was earlier being done by government workers is now being done by a private company.
• These contract workers get paid less and their jobs are temporary and casual.
• Collecting garbage is also quite a dangerous job and often these contract workers do not have any access to safety measures.
• They are not taken care of if they are injured while working.

Question 11.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 61)

1. What was Gangabai protesting about?
2. Why do you think Gangabai decided to approach the Ward Councillor?
3. What did Gangabai say when the Commissioner said that there were not enough trucks in the city?

Answer:

1. Gangabai was protesting against the lying of garbage all over the streets.
2. Gangabai decided to approach the ward councillor to get his support for protesting against the unsanitary conditions in the locality.
3. Gangabai said that the corporation had enough trucks to remove garbage from the colonies of the rich and not for the colonies of the poor and middle class. Hearing this, the commissioner became speechless.

Question 12.
An Event Box: (NCERT Page 61)
The city of Surat had a plague scare in 1994. Surat was one of the dirtiest cities in India. Houses, hotels and restaurants would dump their garbage into the nearest drain or street which made it very difficult for sweepers to collect and transfer the garbage into selected dumps. In addition to this, the Municipal Council did not collect the garbage as often as it should have and this led to the situation getting worse. The plague spreads through the air and people who have the disease have to he isolated. In Surat, several people lost their lives, and over 300,000 deserted the town. The scare of the plague ensured that the municipal council completely cleaned up the city. To this date, Surat continues to remain the second cleanest city in India after Chandigarh.

1. Do you know when and how often garbage gets collected in your neighbourhood?
2. Do you think it is the same for all neighbourhoods in the city? Why not? Discuss.

Answer:

1. We know that
   • Garbage gets collected early in the morning.
   • It is collected through a mobile truck which goes on from house to house giving whistle.
2. I think it is the same for all neighbourhoods in the city. It must be the same for r all localities.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration helps you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Urban Administration, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 7 New Questions and Ideas are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 7 New Questions and Ideas.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 7 New Questions and Ideas

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES (Pages 73-74)

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Describe the ways in which the Buddha tried to spread his message to the people.
Answer:
Buddha tried to spread his message to the people in tire following ways:

1. Buddhataughtinthelanguageofthepeople, Prakrit, so that everyone could understand his message.
2. He spent his life traveling on foot, going from place to place, teaching people, till he passed away at Kumara.
3. He’s also encouraged people to think for themselves, rather than to simply accept what he sends.

Question 2.
Write whether true or false:

1. The Buddha encouraged animal sacrifices.
2. Sarnath is important because it was the place where the Buddha taught for the first time.
3. The Buddha taught that karma has no effect on our lives.
4. The Buddha attained enlightenment at Bodh Gaya.
5. Upanishadic thinkers believed that the atman and brahman were ultimately one.

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. True.

Question 3.
What were the questions that Upanishadic thinkers wanted to answer?
Answer:
The questions which Upanishadic thinkers wanted to answer were:

1. They wanted to know about life after death.
2. They wanted to know why sacrifices should be performed.
3. They believed that there was something permanent in the universe that would last even after death. They described this as ‘atman’ or individual soul.
4. They believed that ultimately both the atman and the brahman were one.

Question 4.
What were the main teachings of the Mahavira? (Most Imp.)
Answer:
Mahavira taught a simple doctrine: men and women who wish to know the truth must leave their homes. Mahavira told them to follow ‘ahimsa’—not hurting any living being.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
Why do you think Anagha’s mother wanted her to know the story of the Buddha?
Answer:
Anagha’s mother wanted her to know about the story of Buddha because she was going on a school trip to Varanasi. Varanasi has many places like -Samath, -which are closely related to the life of Buddha. It would have enriched her knowledge about one of the greatest teachers and preachers of ancient times.

Question 6.
Do you think it would have been easy for slaves to join the sangha Give reasons for your answer?
Answer:
Slaves were allowed to join ‘sanghas’. Those who followed Buddhism did not believe in dividing the society and Buddha taught that all humans are equal.

LET’S DO

Question 7.
Make a list of at least five ideas and questions mentioned in this lesson. Choose three from the list and discuss why you think they are important even today.
Answer:
The five ideas are:

1. Life is full of suffering.
2. People should be kind to others and respect them all their lives.
3. People were taught in their own language.
4. Some people wanted to know about life after death.
5. People should lead simple lives

Question 8.
Find out more about men and women who renounce the world today. Where do they live, what kinds of clothes do they wear, what do they eat? Why do they renounce the world?
Answer:
Mother Teresa was one such lady who gave up worldly pleasures and decided to serve humanity. She had become a nun at a very early age. The sufferings of the people, especially the people affected by leprosy, made her serve humanity. She started many homes, where the sick, old, and infants were looked after. She wore simple-clothes, a white cotton saree with a blue border, and ate the same food as others.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 7 New Questions and Ideas, help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 7 New Questions and Ideas, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 2 On the Trial of the Earliest People are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 2 On the Trial of the Earliest People.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 2 On the Trial of the Earliest People

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES (Pages 20-21)

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Complete the sentences:

1. Hunter-gatherers chose to live in caves and rock shelters because ……….
2. Grasslands developed around ………… years ago.
3. Early people painted on the ……….. of caves.
4. In Hunsgi, tools were made of …………

Answer:

1. they provided shelter from the rain, heat, and wind.
2. 12,000
3. walls
4. limestone.

Question 2.
Look at the present-day political map of the subcontinent on page 136. Find out the states where Bhimbetka, Hunsgi, and Kurnool are located. Would Tushar’s train have passed near any of these sites?
Answer:
Self-study. For the map please see below.

Hints/Brief Answers:
1. Bhimbetka = (M.P = Madhya Pradesh).
2. Hunsgi = (Karnataka).
3. Kurnool = (Andhra Pradesh).
Tushar’s train will have to pass by Hunsgi and Kurnool.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 3.
Why did the hunter-gatherers travel from place to place? In what ways are these similar to/different from the reasons for which we travel today?
Answer:
(a) There were at least four to five reasons why hunter-gatherers moved from place to place.

1. Hunter-gatherers moved from place to place to save plant and animal resources at those places.
2. Animals moved from place to place-either in search of smaller prey or in the case of deer and wild cattle, in search of grass and leaves. That is why, those who hunted them had to follow their (i.e., animals’) movements.
3. Plants and trees bear fruit in different seasons. So, people might have moved from season to season in search of different types of fruits.
   
4. People, plants and animals need water to survive. Water is found in lakes, streams and rivers. Many rivers and lakes are perennial (with water throughout the year while others are seasonal. People living on seasonal river’s banks had had to go in search of water during the dry seasons (winter and summer).
5. People might have travelled to meet their friends and relatives. They (hunter-gatherers) travelled on foot or on sledges (carts without wheels).

(b) In the following ways people may travel for similar reasons:

1. In search of employment (or food) people have to move from one place to another.
2. Due to shortage of land, raw-material, means of transportation, sources of energy (or power), capital etc. the people have to move from one place to another.
3. People of some areas or regions have to move with their animals in search of grass or for their own protection due to adverse season or natural calamities (flood, drought or earthquake etc.).

(c) In the following ways the people move or travel differently from the regions nowa-days.

1. The people now-a-days travel from one place to another by bus, train, aeroplane or car.
2. Generally they do not like to give up their place due to shortage of water or change of seasons. Rather they arrange water through regular supply of water and they use electronic means (air-conditioners/fans/heaters etc.) according to seasons.
3. People move from one place to another for better facilities of education, health, employment, business, tourism etc.

Question 4.
What tools would you use today for cutting fruit? What would they be made of?
Answer:
To cut fruits we use knives, made of steel or we use electric knives.

Question 5.
List three ways in which hunter-gatherers used fire (See page 16). Would you use fire for any of these purposes today?
Answer:
Hunter-gatherers may have used fire for cooking food, give light to the interior of the caves and gave security because animals were – afraid of fire. Yes, we use fire for cooking food today.

LET’S DO

Question 6.
Make two columns in your notebook. In the left-hand column, list the foods hunter-gatherers ate (see page 11). In the right-hand column, list some of the foods you eat. Do you notice any similarities/differences?
Answer:
For self-study.
Hints:
Food-hunter-gatherers used to eat meat or flesh of animals, fish, and birds. They used to eat uncooked food because they did not know how to cook food and they were not aware of the use of fire. They also ate gathered fruits, roots, nuts, seeds, leaves, stalks, and eggs. Nowadays we eat chapati of wheat, rice, pulses, vegetables, fruits, meat, chicken, eggs, etc.

Question 7.
If you had a natural pebble-like the ones shown on page 13, what would you use it for?
Answer:
The natural pebbles can be used to play games like (girls play the game gifts). The boys also play games (e.g. a group of boys keeps dropping pebbles at different places and another group of boys tries to find them. This is especially played in SCOUT games). The natural pebbles can be used to decorate the flower pots and flower beds.

Question 8.
List two tasks that are performed by both men and women at present, List another two that are performed only by women, and two that are performed only by men. Compare your list with that of any two of your classmates. Do you notice any similarities/differences in your lists?
Answer:
Two tasks that are performed by both men and women:
(a) Teaching                                        (b) office jobs
Two tasks that are performed by only men:
(a) Mining                                            (b) Working in a shipyard
Two tasks that are performed by only women:
(a) Nursing                                          (b) Looking after home and hearth
Compare your lists yourself.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 2 On the Trial of the Earliest People, help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 2 On the Trial of the Earliest People, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES (Pages 97-98)

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks:

1. ……….. was a word used for large landowners in Tamil.
2. The gramabhojaka often got his land cultivated by the …………..
3. Ploughmen were known as ………… in Tamil.
4. Most grihapatis were ……….. landowners

Answer:

1. Vellalar
2. slaves and hired workers
3. Uzhavar
4. smaller

Question 2.
Describe the functions of the gramabhojaka. Why do you think he was powerful?
Answer:
In the northern parts of the country, the village headman was known 3s the Gramabhojaka. The post was hereditary. He was the largest landowner Besides, as he was powerful, the king often used him to collect taxes in front of the village. He also functioned as a judge and sometimes as a policeman. He was powerful because he was a hereditary village headman. He was the largest landowner.

Question 3.
List the crafts persons who would have been present in both villages and cities.
Answer:
Craftsmen like the carpenters, weavers, potters, etc. were presumably present in both villages and cities.

Question 4.
Choose the correct answer.
(a) Ring wells were used for
1. bathing
2. washing clothes
3. irrigation
4. drainage

(b) Punch marked coins were made of
1. silver
2. gold
3. tin
4. ivory

(c) Mathura was an important
1. village
2. port
3. religious centre
4. forested area

(d) Shrines were associations of
1. rulers
2. craftspersons
3. farmers
4. herders
Answer:
(a) → 4. Drainage
(b) → 1. silver
(c) → 3. religious centre
(d) → 2. craftspersons.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
Which of the iron tools shown on NCERT page 87 would have been important for agriculture? What would the other tools have been used for?
Answer:

1. Ploughshare
2. digging stick
3. sickle
4. axe
5. spade
6. hammers
7. celt.

Other tools:

1. A quern and mortar, used for grinding grain
2. various types of pottery
3. borer
4. arrow-head
5. scraper.

Question 6.
Compare the drainage system in your locality with that of the cities mentioned in the lesson. What similarities and differences do you notice?
Answer:
The drainage system in our localities is well-planned. The same system was adopted in the times mentioned in the lesson. Both systems are found to be similar in many ways. The only difference that we find in the modem and the past systems is that the past system was made of mud, bricks, and thatch. They could not survive for long. They were not well-maintained, but today we have a well-maintained and developed drainage system. It is made of solid materials. It tests long.

LET’S DO

Question 7.
If you have seen craftspersons at work, describe in a short paragraph what they do.
[Hint: how do they get the raw materials, what kind of equipment do they use, how do they work, what happens to the finished product.
Answer:

1. The craftsperson buys raw material from different parts of the city or the village.
2. He works in a part of the house, with the help of the family members.
3. He works with simple tools like looms, spindles, and needles
4. The finished product is sent either to the cities for selling or the merchants come to the houses of the craftsperson to buy goods.

Question 8.
List the functions performed by men and women who live in your city or village. In what ways are these similar to those performed by the people who lived in Mathura? In what ways are they different?
Answer:
Similarities: The people in Mathura worked as goldsmiths, blacksmiths, weavers, basket makers, garland makers, perfumers. In present times, people in cities are goldsmiths and others are present in the villages.
Differences: In present times, we can find people who work in offices, banks, schools, colleges, etc., but they were not present in those days.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns, help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Vital Villages, Thriving Towns, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains of the Earth are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains of the Earth.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains of the Earth

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES (Pages 37-38)

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What are the four major domains of the earth?
2. Name the major continents of the earth.
3. Name the two continents that lie entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.
4. Name the different layers of the atmosphere.
5. Why is the earth called the ‘blue planet’?
6. Why is the Northern Hemisphere called the Land Hemisphere?
7. Why is the Biosphere important for living organisms?

Answer:

1. The four major domains of the earth are—Lithosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere.
2. Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia, and Antarctica.
3. Australia and Antarctica.
4. Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere.
5. More than 71% of the earth is covered with water. Hence, it is known as the ‘blue planet’.
6. The greater part of the landmass lies in the Northern Hemisphere. Hence, it is called the land Hemisphere.
7. The biosphere is important for living organisms because it is here that three essential elements of life (land, water, and air) are found.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers.
(a) The mountain range that separates Europe from Asia is
(i) the Andes
(ii) the Himalayas
(iii) the Urals

(b) The continent of North America is linked to South America by
(i) an Isthmus
(ii) a Strait
(iii) a Canal

(c) The major constituent of the atmosphere by percent is
(i) Nitrogen
(ii) Oxygen
(iii) Carbon dioxide

(d) The domain of the earth consisting of solid rocks is
(i) the Atmosphere
(ii) the Hydrosphere
(iii) Lithosphere

(e) Which is the largest continent?
(i) Africa
(ii) Asia
(iii) Australia

Answer:
(a) → (iii) the Urals
(b) → (i) Isthmus
(c) → (i) Nitrogen
(d) → (iii) Lithosphere
(e) → (ii) Asia.

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks.

1. The deepest point on the earth is ………. in the Pacific Ocean.
2. The ……….. ocean is named after a country.
3. The …………. is a narrow contact zone of land, water, and air that supports life.
4. The continents of Europe and Asia together are known as ……..
5. The highest mountain peak on the earth is ………..

Answer:

1. Mariana Trench
2. Indian
3. Biosphere
4. Eurasia
5. Mt. Everest.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Count the squares given in Figure 5.3 below and answer the following:
(a) Name the largest continent.
(b) Which is larger-Europe or Australia?

Answer:
(a) Largest: Asia
(b) Larger: Europe.
Different continents according to their size:

• Asia
• Africa
• North America
• South America
• Europe
• Australia

Question 2.
Look at the map of the world (Figure 5.1) of the Textbook. Are all the landmasses connected with one another?
Answer:
No, with the following exceptions:

1. Europe, Asia, and Africa are connected with one another.
2. North America and South America are connected with each other.
3. Australia and Antarctica are not connected either with each other or with other landmasses.

Question 3.
Could you imagine that the depth of the sea is much more than the highest point?
Answer:

1. The highest point (Height): Mount Everest, 8848 m.
2. The deepest depth of the sea (depth): Mariana Trench, 11022 m. If Mount Everest is put into the Mariana Trench the depth of water on the summit of Mt. Everest will be 2174 m.

Question 4.
Three oceans surround this continent (North America). Can you name these oceans?
Answer:
Yes.
These oceans are:

1. The Arctic Ocean in the north.
2. The Pacific Ocean in the west.
3. The Atlantic Ocean in the east.

Question 5.
Study Figure 5.2 of your Textbook and name the strait between India and Sri Lanka.
Answer:
Palk Strait.

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