Raju

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Major Landforms of the Earth are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Major Landforms of the Earth.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Major Landforms of the Earth

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES (Page 46)

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) What are the major landforms?
(b) What is the difference between a mountain and a plateau?
(c) What are the different types of mountains?
(d) How are mountains useful to man?
(e) How are plains formed?
(f) Why are the river plains thickly populated?
(g) Why are mountains thinly populated?
Answer:
(a) The surface of the earth is not the same everywhere. It has an infinite variety of landform3. The major landforms are

1. Mountains
2. Hills
3. Plateaus
4. Basins
5. Plains
6. Peninsula
7. Islands, etc.

(b) Difference between a Mountain and a Plateau:

(c) Different Types of Mountains:

• Fold Mountains
• Block Mountains
• Volcanic Mountains

(d) Mountains are useful to man in the following ways:

• They are storehouses of water.
• They provide water to rivers through glaciers which they have
  • Reservoirs are made and water is harnessed for the use of people.
  • Water from mountains is used in irrigation.
  • It is also used in the generation of hydroelectricity.
• River valleys and river terraces are ideal for agriculture.
• Mountains have a rich variety of flora and fauna
  • Forests provide fuel, fodder, shelter.
  • They provide several other products.
• Mountains provide idyllic sites for tourists.
• They are important sites for several special games and sports like paragliding, hang gliding, river rafting and skiing at Kullu Manali, Shimla, Dharmashala, Dehradun.

(e) Formation of Plains
Rivers and their tributaries bring silt and deposit it in low lying areas and form plains.

• Rivers flow down mountain slopes and erode them.
• They carry them forward.
• They deposit their load of stones, sand and silt along their courses and in their valleys.
• These deposits turn into plains.

(f) River plains are thickly populated because of the following reasons:

• Plains are fertile. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people. It can sustain a large population easily.
• Means of transport are easy to be constructed.
• Ideal for human habitation due to flat land.

(g) Generally, the plains are flat and made up of fertile soil. So, they provide favorable conditions for agriculture. In plains, rivers flow slowly. Therefore, it can be used for navigation. The construction of the transport network is easy in flat areas. Due to these qualities, the river plains are thickly populated.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers.
(a) The mountains differ from the hills in terms of
(i) elevation
(ii) slope
(iii) aspect

(b) Glaciers are found in
(i) The Mountains
(ii) The Plains
(iii) The Plateaus

(c) The Deccan Plateau is located in
(i) Kenya
(ii) Australia
(iii) India

(d) The river Yangtze flows in
(i) South America
(ii) Australia
(iii) China

(e) An important mountain range of Europe is
(i) the Andes
(ii) the Alps
(iii) the Rockies

Answer:
(a) → (i) elevation
(b) → (i) The Mountains
(c) → (iii) India
(d) → (iii) China
(e) → (ii) the Alps

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. A ………… is an unbroken flat or a low-level land.
2. The Himalayas and the Alps are examples of ………… types of mountains.
3. ………….. areas are rich in mineral deposits.
4. The ……….. is a line of mountains.
5. The ……….. areas are most productive for farming.

Answer:

1. Plain
2. Fold
3. Plateau
4. Range
5. Plains.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
The Rhine valley and the Vosges mountain in Europe are examples of such (Block) mountain systems. Locate them on the world map in the atlas and find out some more examples of this type of landform.
Answer:
Please see the map.
Examples of some more such landforms are:

• Deccan Plateau
• Black Forest
• East African Plateau
• Narmada and Tapi Valleys.

Question 2.
Can you name some places in the Himalayas associated with these sports?
Answer:
Yes, they are:

• Shimla
• Dehradun
• Dharmashala
• Kullu Manali.

Question 3.
Can you name this game in the given figure?

Answer:
The name of this game is skiing.

Question 4.
In how many ways do we use land and water?
Answer:
Use of land in the following ways:

• Agriculture
• Pastoral activities
• Mining
• Habitation
• Industries
• Urbanisation

Use of water in the following ways:

• Drinking
• Domestic use
• Fishing
• Transportation
• Industries
• Sewage disposal
• Irrigation
• Generation of hydroelectricity
• Urbanization
• Domestic animals in rural areas like drinking, bathing, etc.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Major Landforms of the Earth, help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Major Landforms of the Earth, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISE (Pages 21-22)

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly.
(a) What is the angle of inclination of the earth’s axis with its orbital plane?
(b) Define rotation and revolution.
(c) What is a leap year?
(d) Differentiate between the Summer and Winter Solstice.
(e) What is an equinox?
(f) Why does the Southern Hemisphere experience Winter and Summer Solstice in different times than that of the Northern Hemisphere?
(g) Why do the poles experience about six months day and six months night?
Answer:
(a) The earth remains tilted to one side while it revolves around the earth at an angle of 66.
(b) (1) Rotation. The movement/motion of the earth on its axis in 24 hours is defined as rotation.
(2) Revolution. The movement/motion of the Earth around the Sun in its orbit in 365\(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\) days is called revolution.
(c) It is a year when the month of February has 29 days instead of 28 days. Every fourth year is a leap year.
(d) Difference between Summer and Winter Solstice

(e) On 21st March and September 23rd, direct rays of the sun fall on the equator. At this position, neither of the poles is tilted towards the sun. Therefore, the entire earth experiences equal days and equal nights. This phenomenon is called an equinox.

(f) The seasons in Southern Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere are exactly the opposite.

(g) When the rays of the sun fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer (21st June), the areas near the South Pole receive less heat. The North Pole is inclined towards the sun and places beyond the Arctic circle experience continuous daylight. At this time, the Southern Hemisphere has the opposite season. The nights are long and areas beyond the Antarctic circle get continuous nights. The reverse will happen on 22nd December.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers.
(а) The movement of the earth around the sun is known as
(i) Rotation
(ii) Revolution
(iii) Inclination

(b) Direct rays of the sun fall on the equator on
(i) 21 March
(ii) 21 June
(iii) 22 December

(c) Christmas is celebrated in summer in
(i) Japan
(ii) India
(iii) Australia

(d) Cycle of the seasons is caused due to
(i) Rotation
(ii) Revolution
(iii) Gravitation

Answer:
(a) → (ii) Revolution
(b) → (i) 21 March
(c) → (iii) Australia
(d) → (ii) Revolution

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks.

1. A leap year has ………. a number of days.
2. The daily motion of the earth is ………
3. The earth travels around the sun in ……….. orbit.
4. The sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of ………… on 21st June.
5. Days are shorter during …………. season.

Answer:

1. 366
2. Rotation
3. Elliptical
4. Cancer
5. Winter

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
What would happen if the Earth did not rotate?
Answer:
If the earth did not rotate,

• The portion before the sun would have remained the same and continued to experience day regularly.
• On the other hand, the portion of the Earth away from the sun would have experienced night continuously.
• Life would have not been possible on the Earth in such a situation.

Question 2.
Do you know in Australia Christmas is celebrated in the summer season?
Answer:
Yes, we know that in Australia Christmas is celebrated in the summer season, i.e., 25th December when there is summer in Australia (the Southern Hemisphere).

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth, help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Our Country India are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Our Country India.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Our Country India

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES (Pages 54-55)

Question 1.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(a) Name the major physical divisions of India.
(b) India shares its land boundaries with seven countries. Name them.
(c) Which two major rivers fall into the Arabian Sea?
(d) Name the delta formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
(e) How many States and Union Territories are there in India? Which states have a common capital?
(f) Why do a large number of people live in the Northern Plains?
(g) Why is Lakshadweep known as a coral island?
Answer:
(a) The major physical divisions of India are :

1. Great mountains of the North Himalayas
2. North Indian Plain
3. Peninsular Plateau
4. Coastal Plains
5. Islands

(b) Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan.

(c) The two major rivers which fall into the Arabian sea are :

1. Narmada
2. Tapi

(d) The Sundarbans delta.

(e) There are 28 states and 7 Union Territories in India. Punjab and Haryana have a common capital, i.e. Chandigarh.

(f) The Northern plains are generally level and flat and formed by the alluvial deposits Drought down by the rivers Indus, Ganga, and the Brahmaputra and their tributaries. It is fertile land and that is why a large number of people live in the Northern plains.

(g) Lakshadweep is made of corals which are skeletons of tiny marine animals called polyps.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answers.
(a) The Southernmost Himalayas are known as
(i) Shiwaliks
(ii) Himadri
(iii) Himachal

(b) Sahyadris is also known as
(i) Aravali
(ii) the Western Ghats
(iii) Himadri

(c) The Palk Strait lies between the countries
(i) Sri Lanka and the Maldives
(ii) India and Sri Lanka
(iii) India and Maldives

(d) The Indian islands in the Arabian Sea are known as
(i) Andaman and Nicobar Islands
(ii) Lakshadweep Islands
(iii) the Maldives

(e) The oldest mountain range in India is the
(i) Aravali hills
(ii) Western ghats
(iii) Himalayas
Answer:
(a) → (i) Shiwaliks
(b) → (ii) the Western Ghats
(c) → (ii) India and Sri Lanka
(d) → (ii) Lakshadweep Islands
(e) → (i) Aravali hills

Question 3.
Fill in the blanks:

1. India has an area of about ………
2. The Greater Himalayas are also known as ……….
3. The largest state in India in terms of area is ………..
4. The river Narmada falls into the ……….. sea.
5. The latitude that runs almost halfway through India is ……….

Answer:

1. 3.28 million sq. kins.
2. Himadri
3. Rajasthan
4. Arabian
5. Tropic of Cancer.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
If we divide the world into Eastern and Western Hemispheres which hemisphere would India belong to?
Answer:
Eastern Hemisphere.

Question 2.
Find out the names of these countries (neighbouring countries) from Figure 7.1 of the Textbook. How many of these countries do not have access to any ocean or sea?

Answer:
Seven neighbouring countries are:

1. Afghanistan
2. Pakistan
3. China
4. Nepal
5. Bhutan
6. Bangladesh
7. Myanmar

The following three countries do not have access to the ocean or sea: They are

1. Afghanistan
2. Nepal
3. Bhutan.

Question 3.
Do you know which group of islands were affected by the Tsunami in 2004? Find out through newspaper reports and by speaking to the people how in different ways people faced this challenge when a Tsunami struck the Indian coast.
Answer:
Yes, the Andaman and the Nicobar Islands.
People faced the challenge in the following manner:

• Some people reached high grounds.
• Some climbed up the trees.
• Some remained clung to the tree trunks.
• Some climbed up the upper stair of the house.
• Some swam in the rising waves.
• Hundreds of thousands perished in the waves.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Our Country India, help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 7 Our Country India, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS (Page 40)

Question 1.
How would Maya’s life be different in South Africa today?
Answer:
If Maya lived in South Africa today she will enjoy equal rights to participate in the affairs of the government, she will have equal access to all social benefits and she will be protected by law. No injustice will be done to her.

Question 2.
What are the various ways in which people participate in the process of government?
Answer:
There are various ways in which people participate in the process of government:

• Through voting in elections, people elect leaders of their choice to represent them. These representatives take decisions on behalf of the people.
• People participate in the process of government by taking an interest in the working of the government and by criticizing it when required.
• People express their views in several ways and make governments understand what actions they should take. They stage dhamas, hold rallies, strikes, signature campaigns, etc.
• Another way for people to participate is by organising themselves into social movements that seek to challenge the government and its functioning. Members of the minority community can participate in this manner.

Question 3.
Why do you think we need the government to find solutions to any disputes or conflicts?
Answer:
Conflicts appear when people of different cultures, religions, regions, or economic backgrounds, do not get along with each other or when they feel that they are being discriminated against. People may use violent means to settle their differences. This leads to fear and tension among them. The government is responsible for helping to resolve conflicts in a peaceful manner.

Question 4.
What actions does the government take to ensure that all people are treated equally?
Answer:

• The discriminatory actions are banned through laws.
• Laws are strictly enforced.
• Equality and justice are enforced.
• Pecuniary actions are taken like fines and jail if miscreants cause impediments in the path of progress and in the path of enforcing or implementing welfare schemes.

Question 5.
Read through the chapter and discuss some of the key ideas of a democratic government. Make a list. For example, all people are equal.
Answer:
The key ideas of a democratic government are the following:

1. Right of the people to vote in the elections.
2. Re-election of the government, after a fixed period.
3. The people carry out campaigns and rallies.
4. Responsible government.
5. Government resolves disputes and conflicts.
6. Justice and equality to all.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
What were Hector and his classmates protesting about? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer:
Hector and his classmates were protesting against the learning of the Afrikaan language which was being forced on them by the whites, in place of their own language, Zulu.

Question 2.
List five ways in which non-whites were discriminated against: (NCERT Page 36)
Answer:
Five ways in which non-whites were discriminated against were:

1. Hospitals and ambulances were separate for whites and non-whites.
2. There were separate trains and buses.
3. Bus stops were also different.
4. No voting right to non-whites.
5. Best lands were reserved for whites while non-whites had ownership of the worst available land.

Question 3.
Do you think it is important for all persons to be treated equally? Why? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer:
Yes, we think it is important for all persons to be treated equally because all persons have been born equal.

• They have the same blood running in their veins.
• They have some heart, the same bones, the same skin, and their same body system.

Question 4.
What does a democratic government mean to all of us? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer:
By a democratic government, we mean a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.

Question 5.
Why do we have regular elections? (NCERT Page 36)
Answer:
In a democracy, people take decisions and make laws through their elected representatives.

• Through elections, they choose their new representatives to represent them in legislatures and parliament.
• These representatives take decisions and make laws.
• In this way, they keep the voices and interests of the people in their minds. Regular elections keep the representatives abreast of the needs and aspirations of the people and act according to these.
• They know that if they do not prove equal to the needs and aspirations of the people they may be thrown out and new representatives could be elected.

Question 6.
Discuss: (NCERT Page 37)
Look at some newspapers and discuss some elections that you may have read about. Why do you think elections are required after a fixed period?
Answer:
We have read about recent elections held in the country (General Elections), Rajasthan, M.P., Chhattisgarh, J & K, Arunachal Pradesh, Haryana, and Kerala (2008-2009).

• UPA led by Congress formed the government at the center for the second time in a row.
• National Conference-led government took over in J & K.
• LDF took over in Kerala.
• Congress formed the government in Rajasthan retained in Haryana.
• BJP retained government in M.P. and Chhattisgarh.

Question 7.
Discuss: (NCERT Page 40)
In Maya’s story did the government support the idea that people are equal? In Dr. Ambedkar’s story did the practice of untouchability support the idea that people are equal?
Answer:

• In Maya’s story, the government did not support the idea that people are equal.
• In Dr. Ambedkar’s story, the practice of untouchability did not support the idea that people are equal.
• It supported the idea of discrimination and unjust or unequal situations.

Question 8.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 38)
Bead the story (of Hector) again; Do you think the police Shooting of Hector could have been avoided? How?
Answer:
Yes, we think the police shooting of Hector could be avoided by using restraint and by keeping cool on the protesters.

Question 9.

1. How do you think lowering the school fees would help girls attend school?
2. Can you think of any experience from your life in which you have helped someone out of a situation which you thought was unfair?
3. Did everyone else see it the same way?
4. What did you have to say to convince others that what you did was fair? (NCERT Page 40)

Answer:

1. We think that lowering the school fees would help girls to attend school because parents think that their girls would get an education by a very low payment of fees. They would send them to school and would not assume them as burdens.
2. I helped a faqir who was ill-clad in winter by providing him woolen clothes. No, it was not an unfair situation, it was a genuine situation.
3. No, no one saw it the other way.
4. As my intention was just, all the people around me were convinced by my action. They termed my action as fair.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 4 Key Elements of a Democratic Government, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Diversity and Discrimination are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Diversity and Discrimination.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 Diversity and Discrimination

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS (Pages 22-23)

Question 1.
Match the following statements in a way that challenges stereotypes:

Answer:
a → 3
b → 4
c → 1
d → 2

Question 2.
How can the stereotype that girls are a burden on their parents affect the life of a daughter? Imagine this situation and list at least five different effects that this stereotype can have on the way daughters get treated in the house.
Answer:
When the stereotype people think that daughter is a burden on the parents, it affects the life of the girl child in the following ways:

1. She feels guilty that she is a burden on the family.
2. The daughters are not sent to school.
3. They are not given nutritional food from the parents. Milk, butter, fruits are kept for the boys.
4. They are deprived of love, care, and attention.
5. When daughters fall sick-they do not get proper medical care and attention.

Question 3.
What does the Constitution say with regard to equality? Why do you think it is important for all people to be equal?
Answer:
With regards ta. equality the Constitution says:

1. Everyone has equal rights and opportunities.
2. Untouchability is seen as a crime and legally abolished by law.
3. People are free to choose the kind of work they wish to do.
4. Government jobs are open to all people.

The equality of all persons is seen as a key that unites us all as Indians. The Constitution also placed responsibility on the government to take specific steps to realize that this right to equality to poor and other deprived communities.

Question 4.
Sometimes people make prejudiced comments in our presence. We are often not in a position to do anything about this because it is difficult to say something right then and there. Divide the class into groups and each group discuss what they could do in one of the following situations:

1. A friend begins to tease a classmate because he is poor.
2. You are watching TV with your family and one of them makes a prejudicial comment about a particular religious community.
3. Children in your class refuse to share their food with a particular person because they think she is dirty.
4. Someone tells you a joke that makes fun of a community because of their accent.
5. Some boys make remarks about girls not being able to play games as well as them.

Discuss in class what the different groups have suggested for the above situations, and also talk about the problems that can come up when raising the issue.
Answer:

1. I would try to convince my friend that being poor is not a crime nor a matter of laughter. Hence, he should not tease his classmate. Instead, he should take care of his dignity and self-respect.
2. I would stop him/her to do that.
3. I would advise my classmates to be friendly with one and all.
4. I would not get involved in the joke and would proceed from their immediately
5. I would try to convince those boys that girls are in no way less efficient than their male counterparts. I would give examples of Kalpana Chawla and Sunita Williams who did what many men could not think of.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 14)
Below are some statements on people living in rural and urban areas. Tick mark those that you agree with:
On Rural People

1. More than 50% of all Indians live in villages.
2. Villagers do not care about their health. They are full of superstition.
3. People in the villages are backward and lazy. They do not like to work.
4. In peak harvesting and plantation season, families spend 12 to 14 hours working in the fields.
5. Villagers are dirty and not hygienic.

On Urban People:

1. Life in the city is easy. People here are spoilt and lazy.
2. In cities, families spend very little time with each other.
3. People in towns only care about money, not about people.
4. Living in a city is expensive. A large part of people’s earnings is spent on rent and transport.
5. City people cannot be trusted, they are cunning and corrupt.

Answer:
On Rural People

1. ✓
2. ✓
3. ✗
4. ✓
5. ✗

On Urban People

1. ✗
2. ✓
3. ✓
4. ✓
5. ✗

Question 2.
What are prejudices? What does prejudice mean?
Answer:
Prejudices are our opinions which we make about certain people. Some examples are.

• Village people are dirty, lazy, and ignorant.
• City people are cunning and corrupt.

By prejudice we mean, “to judge others negatively and with inferiority.”

Question 3.
Look again at the statements that you believed to be true about rural and urban life in India. Do you have a prejudice against rural or urban people? Find out if this is shared by others and discuss the reasons why people have these prejudices.
Can you list some of the prejudices that you have noticed around you? How do they affect the ways in which people treat each other? (NCERT Page 14)
Answer:

1. No, we do not have a prejudice against the rural or urban people.
2. This view is also shared by others around us.
3. Some people have prejudices against others because of the following reasons.
   • Negative attitude towards others.
   • Superiority complex.
   • Treating oneself above all others.
   • Overconfidence in oneself.
   • Wrong attitude formation.
   • Pessimism,
4. Prejudices noticed around us:
   • Caste
   • Colour
   • Eating habits.
5. They affect the ways in which people treat each other.
   • They laugh at
   • They tease
   • They speak the fifty languages
   • Sometimes they begin to abuse others.

Question 4.
Arrange the statements given below in these two sections, according to what you think is appropriate for the section.

1. They are well behaved.
2. They are soft-spoken and gentle.
3. They are physically strong.
4. They are naughty.
5. They are good at dance and painting.
6. They don’t cry
7. They are rowdy
8. They are good at sport
9. They are good at cooking
10. They are emotional

Answer:
Girls
1, 2, 5, 9, 10
Boys
3, 4, 6, 7, 8

Question 5.
Now check, with your teacher’s help, who has put which statement where. Find out and discuss people’s reasons for doing this. Are the qualities you put in for boys something that boys are born with? (NCERT Page 15)
Answer:
Girls

1. They are well behaved.
2. They are soft-spoken and gentle.
3. They are good at dance and painting.
4. They are good at cooking.
5. They are emotional.

Boys

1. They are physically strong.
2. They are naughty.
3. They do not cry.
4. They are rowdy.
5. They are good at sport.

Yes, the qualities of boys which we have put in for boys are something that boys are born with.

Question 6.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 16)
The children you see in the illustrations here were seen as ‘disabled’. This term has been changed and now the term used is ‘children with special needs. Common stereotypes about them are given in large letters. Their own feelings and thoughts to are given.

• Discuss what these children are saying about stereotypes regarding them and why.
• Do you think children with special needs should be a part of regular schools or study in a separate school? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer:

• Picture I:
  Stereotypes. People say all sorts of things
  The child says:
  • I limp.
  • I lisp, all this and more.
  • Sometimes I feel so sad and sore.
  • If you were I, what would you do?
• Picture II:
  Stereotypes. You look so so different!
  The child says:
  • I am a person.
  • I feel shy.
  • From staring eyes, I want to hide.
• Picture III:
  Stereotypes. Is her mind okay?
  The child says:
  • Just because my legs are wobbly.
  • People think my mind is wobbly too.
• These children are saying about stereotypes because they understand the attitudes of the people around them. They mock them and they tease them.
• We think children with special needs should be a part of regular school and should not study in a separate school because they would learn many things more in regular school and will not feel degraded.

Question 7.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 17)
You can take other statements such as They are soft and gentle or They are well behaved and discuss how these are applied to girls. Do girls possess these qualities at birth or do they learn such behaviour from others? What do you think about girls who are not soft and gentle and those who are naughty?
Answer:
These characteristics are applied to girls because they are born soft, gentle. They are well behaved.

• The girls possess these qualities at birth most of them. They also leam such behavior afterward, remaining in the house or school.
• The girls who are not soft and gentle and who are naughty, acquire these qualities from society.

Question 8.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 18)
A common stereotype about Muslims is that they are not interested in educating girls and therefore do not send girls to school. However, studies have now shown that poverty amongst Muslims is an important reason why Muslim girls do not attend school or leave school after a few years.

Wherever effort has been made to reach education to the poor, there the Muslim community has shown an interest in sending their girls to school. For example in the state of Kerala, the distance between the school and the home is not much. There is a good government bus service that helps teachers reach schools in rural areas and over sixty percent of the teachers are women. These factors have helped children from poorer families, including Muslim girls, attend school in much larger numbers.

In other states, where such efforts have not been made children from poorer families whether Muslim, tribal, or so-called lower castes find it difficult to attend school. Therefore, poverty not religion is the cause for the non-attendance of Muslim girls in school.
Study the above extract and answer the questions given below:

1. What is a common stereotype about Muslims?
2. What reason has been given in recent studies for not sending Muslim girls to schools?
3. Why do Muslim girls study in schools in Kerala along with other girls?
4. What is the real cause of Muslim girls not going to school?

Answer:

1. The common stereotype about Muslims is that Muslims are not interested in educating their girls and that they do not send their girls to schools.
2. The studies have suggested poverty as the reason for not sending Muslim girls to school.
3. In Kerala Muslim girls go to schools along with other girls in large numbers:
   • The distance between the school and home is very less.
   • Women teachers are in large numbers in schools.
   • The bus service in Kerala is very efficient.
4. It is poverty, not religion.

Question 9.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 19)
What is the difference between discrimination and stereotype?
Answer:
Difference:

How do you think a person who is discriminated against might feel?
Answer:
He might feel hurt and might revolt against society.

Question 10.
Question Box: (NCERT Page 21)
Despite the children offering money, the cartmen refused them. Why?
How did people at the station discriminate against Dr. Ambedkar and his brothers?
How do you think Dr. Ambedkar felt as a child when he saw the stationmaster’s reaction to his statement that they were Mahars?
Have you ever experienced prejudice or witnessed an incident of discrimination? How did this make you feel?
Read the story of Bhimrao Ambedkar and answer the following questions:

1. Despite the children offering money, the cartmen refused them. Why?
2. How did people at the station discriminate against Dr. Ambedkar and his brothers?
3. How do you think Dr. Ambedkar felt as a child when he saw the stationmaster’s reaction to his statement that they were Mahars?
4. Have you ever experienced prejudice or witnessed an incident of discrimination?
5. How did this make you feel?

Answer:

1. Despite the children offering money, the cartman refused them because they were Mahars, the untouchable caste of the Bombay Presidency.
2. People at the station discriminated against Dr. Ambedkar and his brothers by refusing them to sit or studying near the upper caste people.
3. Dr. Ambedkar felt very disgusted when he saw the station master’s reaction to his statement that they were Mahars.
4. Yes, we have seen prejudice in our childhood.
5. This made us feel disappointed and sad.

Question 11.
Question Box:
Discuss:

1. In addition to the lower castes being discriminated against, there are also various other communities that are subject to discrimination.
2. Can you think of a few other examples of discrimination?
3. Discuss the ways in which persons with special needs might be subject to discrimination. (NCERT Page 21)

Answer:

1. Muslims, Christians, tribals, handicapped, disabled persons, etc.
2. Yes.
3. Special training to teachers.

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