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Here we are providing The Ailing Planet: the Green Movement’s Role Important Extra Questions and Answers Class 11 English Hornbill, Extra Questions for Class 11 English was designed by subject expert teachers.

The Ailing Planet: the Green Movement’s Role Important Extra Questions and Answers Class 11 English Hornbill

The Ailing Planet: the Green Movement’s Role Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type’

Question 1.
What awareness according to Nani Palkhivala is growing worldwide? Why?
Answer:
The movement, which has gripped the imagination of the entire human race, is the worldwide consciousness that the earth itself is a living organism of which we are parts. It has its own metabolic needs and vital processes that need attention because the earth’s vital signs reveal its declining health.

Question 2.
What is propagated by the concept of sustainable expansion?
Answer:
The World Commission on Environment and Development popularized the concept of sustainable development in 1987. It stressed the idea of development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs, i.e., without stripping the natural world of resources future generations would need.

Question 3.
What is the global concern raised by Mr Lester R. Brown that threatens the very existence of man?
Answer:
Mr Lester R. Brown has noted the earth’s principal biological systems as fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands the foundation of the global economic system. They provide us with our food and virtually all the raw materials for industries. However, human claims are exhausting these resources leading to the collapse and disappearance of fisheries and grasslands.

Question 4.
What are the reasons that are leading to depletion of our natural resources?
Answer:
In a protein-conscious and protein-hungry world, over-fishing is common. In poor countries, local forests are being destroyed in order to procure firewood for cooking. As a consequence, in some places, firewood has become so expensive that fuel costs more than the food.

Question 5.
What steps has the Indian government taken to ensure the protection of the environment? What is the impact?
Answer:
The Indian government through Article 48A of the Constitution of India provides that the State shall try to protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. But the law has not had the due impact as laws are neither valued nor enforced in India.

Question 6.
The population in the world is growing at an alarming rate. Comment.
Answer:
The growing world population is deforming the future of human society. Human population reached its first billion around the year 1800. By the year 1900, a second billion was added, and another 3.7 billion in the twentieth century. Presently, the world population is estimated at 5.7 billion. Every day the world population increases by one million.

Question 7.
Why is the growing population detrimental to the world’s progress?
Answer:
Development will not be possible if the present increase in numbers continues. The rich get richer and the poor produce more children, hampering their economic growth. More children do not mean more workers, merely more people without work. Excessive population perpetuates poverty. People would die of hunger unless population growth is controlled.

Question 8.
Why is our age the ‘Era of Responsibility’?
Answer:
A growing anxiety about the survival of our planet has surfaced for the first time in human history. The emerging new world vision a holistic view of the source of our survival has steered in the Era of Responsibility; an ecological view of the world as a complete whole and not a disconnected collection of parts.

The Ailing Planet: the Green Movement’s Role Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
“The earth’s vital signs reveal a patient in declining health.” What are these ‘vital signs’?
Answer:
A three-year study using satellites and aerial photography conducted by the United Nations, warns that the environment has worsened so badly that it is ‘critical’ in many of the eighty-eight countries investigated.

A recent report of our Parliament’s Estimates Committee has highlighted the near disastrous exhaustion of India’s forests over the last four decades. India, according to reliable data, is losing its forests at the rate of 3.7 million acres a year. Large areas, officially designated as forestland, “are already virtually treeless”.

The actual loss of forests is estimated to be about eight times the rate indicated by government statistics.
The world’s ancient patrimony of tropical forests is now eroding at the rate of forty to fifty million acres a year, and the growing use of dung for burning deprives the soil of an important natural fertilizer. The World Bank estimates that a five-fold increase in the rate of forest planting is needed to cope with the expected fuel wood demand.

Question 2.
Various visionaries and academicians have warned against hazardous consequences if we do not wake up to our responsibilities towards the environment. Elaborate.
Answer:
Mr L.K. Jha, a member of an international commission which dealt with the question of ecology and environment, raised the question of whether we would leave our successors a parched planet with increasing deserts, impoverished landscapes and ailing environment. Mr Lester R. Brown in his thought-provoking book, The Global Economic Prospect, points out that the earth’s principal biological systems, i.e., fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands form the foundation of the global economic system.

In large areas of the world, human claims on these systems are reaching an unsustainable level, a point where their productivity is being impaired. Dr Myers warns against the depletion of forests as a result of which several species face extinction. James Speth, the President of the World Resources Institute, said that we are losing the forests at an acre-and-a-half to a second.

Question 3.
What are the four systems that sustain life on earth? What threats are they facing?
Answer:
Mr Lester R. Brown in his thought-provoking book, The Global Economic Prospect, points out that the earth’s principal biological systems, i.e., fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands form the foundation of the global economic system. In addition to supplying our food, these four systems provide almost all the raw materials for industry except minerals and petroleum-derived synthetics. It is because of this that fisheries collapse, forests disappear, grasslands are converted into barren wastelands and croplands deteriorate. In a protein-conscious and protein-hungry world, over-fishing is common. In poor countries, local forests are being demolished in order to procure firewood for cooking. Since tropical forests house various species of life, they face extinction as a result of its destruction.

Question 4.
“Fertility falls as incomes rise, education spreads, and health improves.” Justify.
Answer:
Undoubtedly, the growth of world population is one of the strongest factors disfiguring the future of human society. The present world population is estimated at 5.7 billion. Every four days the world population increases by one million. Development is not possible if the present increase in numbers continue. The rich get richer and the poor beget more children, which in turn makes them poorer. More children do not mean more workers, merely more people without work.

The choice is really between control of population and perpetuation of poverty. The population of India has crossed 1.3 billion today. This leaves little doubt that hordes of people would die in their hungry hutments unless population control is given topmost priority.Compulsory sterilization is not the solution. Masses should be educated so that they volunteer for family planning without introducing an element of compulsion. It ought to be understood that the choice is between control of population and continuation of poverty.

Here we are providing Landscape of the Soul Important Extra Questions and Answers Class 11 English Hornbill, Extra Questions for Class 11 English was designed by subject expert teachers.

Landscape of the Soul Important Extra Questions and Answers Class 11 English Hornbill

Landscape of the Soul Extra Questions and Answers Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Briefly narrate the story of the Emperor and the Chinese artist.
Answer:
A painter Wu Daozi, who lived in the eighth century was asked to paint a landscape by the Tang Emperor Xuanzong, to decorate a palace wall. The artist concealed his work behind a screen, so that only the Emperor would see it. For a long time, the Emperor admired the wonderful scene.

One day the painter showed him a cave at the foot of the mountain, and said that a spirit dwelt there. The painter clapped his hands, and the entrance to the cave opened. He then entered the cave and the entrance closed behind him. Since then nothing is known of the artist or the painting as the painting vanished off the wall.

Question 2.
How did stories such as the one about Wu Daozi play an important role in China’s classical education?
Answer:
Such stories played a significant part in China’s classical education. They helped the master to guide his pupil in the right direction. They were not merely tales, but were deeply illuminating of the essence of art. The books of Confucius and Zhuangzi are full of such stories. They reveal that art was considered the essence of inner life and spirit in Asia.

Question 3.
Why did the artist agree to get his daughter married to the blacksmith?
Answer:
Initially the artist was against the blacksmith, Quinten Metsys, marrying his daughter. However, one day Quinten slyly sneaked into the painter’s studio and painted a fly on his latest panel, that was so realistic that the master tried to swat it away. The artist was so impressed that he admitted Quinten as an apprentice into his studio and let him marry his beloved.

Question 4.
What is the difference between the Chinese and European art?
Answer:
The Chinese and European art are different as the European art is trying to achieve a perfect, illusionistic likeness in Europe, and the Chinese the essence of inner life and spirit in Asia. While the European wants you to look at the landscape through his eyes, the Chinese painter wants you to enter it from any point, then travel in it. He creates a path for your eyes to travel up and down, then back again, in a leisurely movement.

Question 5.
How does shanshui express the Daoist view of the universe?
Answer:
Shanshui means ‘mountainwater.’ It expresses the Daoist view. The mountain is Yang and it stretches vertically towards Heaven. It is stable, warm, and dry in the sun, while the water is Yin. It is horizontal and resting on the earth, fluid, moist and cool. The interaction of Yin, the receiver, feminine aspect of universal energy, and Yang, active and masculine, is the fundamental belief of Daoism.

Question 6.
What is lacking in Shanshui?
Answer:
The third element, the Middle Void where their interaction takes place, is lacking in Shanshui. The Middle Void is indispensable. Hence nothing can happen without it. This is the reason why the white, unpainted space in Chinese landscape is important. This is also where Man finds a fundamental role, in that space between Heaven and Earth, he becomes the medium of communication between both poles of the universe.

Question 7.
How is the pranayama compared to the Middle void?
Answer:
The Middle Void is vital as nothing can happen without it. This is the reason why the white, unpainted space in Chinese landscape is imperative. This is also where Man finds a fundamental role, in the yogic practice of pranayama we breathe in, retain and breathe out. The suspension of breath is the Void where meditation occurs.

Question 8.
How did the theory of ‘brut art’ put forward by Jean Dubuffet get credence?
Answer:
French painter Jean Dubuffet challenged the concept of ‘art brut’ in the 1940s. Before that the art of the untrained visionary was of minor interest. At about the same time ‘an untutored genius was creating paradise’. This was none other than Nek Chand, who cleared a little patch of jungle to make himself a garden sculpted with stone and recycled material known to the world today as the Rock Garden, at Chandigarh.

Landscape of the Soul Extra Questions and Answers Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Narrate the tale of the Chinese Emperor and the artist. What message does the story convey?
Answer:
Tang Emperor Xuanzong asked the painter Wu Daozi, to make a landscape to decorate a palace wall. The artist had hidden his work behind a screen, so only the Emperor would see it. The Emperor, for a long time, admired the wonderful scene, discovering forests, high mountains, waterfalls, clouds floating in an immense sky, men on hilly paths, birds in flight. One day the painter showed him a cave, at the foot of the mountain.

He said that a spirit lived there. Just then, the painter clapped his hands, and the entrance to the cave opened. The artist said that it was infinitely beautiful inside and he entered the cave. The entrance closed behind him. Since then nothing has been known of Wu Daozi.

The story underlines the message that the Emperor was only interested appreciating the outer appearance of the painting but the artist makes known to him the true meaning of his work. The Emperor admires the territory while the artist is filled with the ‘spirit’ within.

Question 2.
Narrate the anecdote that brings out that Europeans endeavoured to achieve ‘a perfect, illusionistic likeness’.
Answer:
In fifteenth century lived a blacksmith named Quinten Metsys who fell in love with a painter’s daughter. The father, being an artist, would not accept a son-in-law who was a blacksmith. So Quinten crept into the painter’s studio and painted a fly on his latest board. It seemed so real that even the artist thought it was real and tried to swat it away.

It was then he realised what had happened. He immediately took Quinten as a trainee into his studio. Quinten then married his beloved and went on to become one of the most famous painters of his age.This story exemplifies what European form of art was trying to achieve. They wanted a perfect, illusionistic likeness.

Question 3.
How do the Chinese expect the people to view the horizontal scroll? Why?
Answer:
Unlike European art, Chinese art is meant to be metaphorical. An artist in China would not like the onlooker to look at a particular landscape from a specific angle. The Chinese painter does not choose a specific viewpoint. One can enter his landscape from any point, and then travel in it. The artist creates a course for your eyes to journey up and down, then back again, at an unhurried pace.

This is even truer of the horizontal scroll. The action of slowly opening one section of the painting, then rolling it up to move on to the other, adds a dimension of time which is unknown in any other form of painting. It necessitates the active contribution of the viewer. It is the viewer who decides at what speed he will travel through the painting. The interaction is physical as well as mental. The Chinese painter wants you to enter his mind. The landscape is an inner one, a spiritual and abstract.

Question 4.
What was the revolutionary idea in art that was put forward by Jean Dubuffet? How did an Indian artist support his theory?
Answer:
Before the French painter Jean Dubuffet, challenged the concept of ‘art brut’ in the 1940s, people were not interested in the art of the untutored creative thinkers. It was he who defied this concept. As a consequence this ‘outsider art’ has steadily become the fastest growing area of interest in modem art worldwide. He felt that there are artists who have received no formal training, yet show talent and artistic insight. Their works are a motivating contrast to a lot of conventional ones.

At the time Dubuffet was advocating his theory, in India ‘an untutored genius was creating paradise’. Nek Chand made one of the biggest contributions by clearing a little patch of jungle to make himself a garden sculpted with stone and recycled material. This garden is known to the world today as the Rock Garden at Chandigarh.

Question 5.
Nek Chand’s work is acclaimed as the work of a genius and is appreciated world over. Justify.
Answer:
Nek Chand’s work is acknowledged as India’s biggest contribution to outsider art. The fiftieth issue of Raw Vision, a UK-based magazine that initiated the outsider art publications, featured Nek Chand, and his Rock Garden sculpture ‘Women by the Waterfall’ on its anniversary issue’s cover. It reported how Nek Chand had used every thing from a tin to a sink to a broken down car to create a work of art that took him to the pinnacles of glory.

The Swiss Commission for UNESCO applauded his art as ‘an outstanding testimony of the difference a single man can make when he lives his dream’, and decided to honour him. They decided to put up an exhibition of his works. The five-month interactive show, ‘Realm of Nek Chand’, is to begin in October. It is to be held at leading museums in Switzerland, Belgium, France and Italy. However, the greatest honour for him is seeing people enjoy the creation.