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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 2 What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

NCERT QUESTIONS

Exercises

Question 1.
Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries. Write ‘democratic’ ‘Undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.
(a) Country A: People who do not accept the country’s official religion, do not have a right to vote.
Answer:
Undemocratic.
(b) Country B: The same party has been winning elections for the last twenty years.
Answer:
Not sure.
(c) Country C: Ruling party has lost in the last three elections.
Answer:
Democratic.
(d) Country D: There is no independent Election Commission.
Answer:
Undemocratic.

Question 2.
Here is some information about four countries. Based on this information, how would you classify each of these countries? Write ‘democratic’, ‘undemocratic’ or ‘not sure’ against each of these.
(a) Country P: The Parliament cannot pass a law about the army without the consent of the Chief of Army.
Answer:
Democratic.
(b) Country Q: The Parliament cannot pass a law reducing the powers of the judiciary.
Answer:
Democratic.
(c) Country R: The country’s leaders cannot sign any treaty with another country without taking permission from its neighbouring country.
Answer:
Not sure.
(d) Country S: All the major economic decisions about the country are taken by officials of the central bank which the ministers cannot change.
Answer:
Undemocratic.

Question 3.
Which of these is not a good argument in favour of democracy? Why?
(a) Peope feel free and equal in a democracy.
(b) Democracies resolve conflict in a better way than others.
(c) Democratic government is more accountable to the people.
(d) Democracies are more prosperous than others.
Answer:
(d) Democracies are more prosperous than others, it is not a good argument in favour of democracy eg. In India, it has not ended poverty and in other parts of the World like in countries of Asia, Africa, Latin America. Other countries, for example, eg. Russia and China are more prosperous than some democratic countries of Asia and Africa.

Question 4.
Each of these statements contains a democractic and an undemocratic element. Write out the two separately for each statement.
(a) A minister said that some laws have to be passed by the Parliament in order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
Answer:
(i) Undemocratic: Some laws have to be passed by the Parliament.
(ii) Democratic: In order to conform to the regulations decided by the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
(b)The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency where large-scale rigging was reported.
Answer:
(i) Democratic: The Election Commission ordered re-polling in a constituency.
(ii) Undemocratic: Where large-scale rigging was reported.
(c) Women’s representation in the Parliament has barely reached 10 per cent. This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women.
Answer:
(i) Undemocratic: Women’s representation in the Parliament has barely reached 10 per cent.
(ii) Democratic: This led women’s organisations to demand one-third seats for women.

Question 5.
Which of these is not a valid reason for arguing that there is a lesser possibility of famine in a democratic country?
(a) Opposition parties can draw attention to hunger and starvation.
(b) Free press can report suffering from famine in different parts of the country.
(c) Government fears its defeat in the next elections.
(d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion.
Answer:
(d) People are free to believe in and practise any religion has no relation with the lesser possibility
of famine in a country.

Question 6.
There are 40 villages in a district where the government has made no provision for drinking water. These villagers met and considered many methods of forcing the government to respond to their need.
Which of these is not a democratic method?
(a) Filing a case in the courts claiming that water is part of right to life.
(b) Boycotting the next elections to give a message to all parties.
(c) Organising public meetings against government’s policies.
(d) Paying money to government officials to get water.
Answer:
(d) Paying money to government officials to get water is not a democratic method.

Question 7.
Write a response to the following arguments against democracy:
(a) Army is the most disciplined and corruption-free organisation in the country. Therefore army should rule the country.
(b) Rule of the majority means the rule of ignorant people. What we need is the rule of the wise, even if they are in small numbers.
(c) If we want religious leaders to guide us in spiritual matters, why not invite them to guide us in politics as well. The country should be ruled by religious leaders.
Answer:
(a) If army is allowed to rule the country, it will lead to concentration of all powers in the army.
Power should be divided among the three organs of the government i.e.. legislature, executive and judiciary. Concentration of all powers with the army will lead to dictatorship e.g. Pinochet’s rule in Chile.
(b) Democracy is a form of government where all the adults have the right to vote. Restricting people to rule and govern only from minority bas ing ‘wise people’ would harm representational democracy.
(c) Politics and religion are two different fields. Religion takes us towards spirituality by teaching us what is good or bad. Combination of religion and politics leads to communalism or communal politics which is very dangerous.

Question 8.
Are the following statements in keeping with democracy as a value? Why?
(a) Father to Daughter: I don’t want to hear your opinion about your marriage. In our family children marry where the parents tell them to.
Answer:
Undemocratic: The daughter has been denied permission to express her views/opinions on her marriage.

(b) Teacher to student: Don’t disturb my concentration by asking me questions in the classroom.
Answer:
Undemocratic: The student is not being allowed to ask questions in the class.

(c) Employee to the officer: Our working hours must be reduced according to the law.
Answer:
Democratic: As the employee is asking working hours to be reduced according to the law.

Question 9.
Consider the following facts about a country and decide if you would call it a democracy. Give
reasons to support your decision.
(a) All the citizens of the country have the right to vote. Elections are held regularly.
Answer:
It is democratic because in a democracy there is Universal Adult Franchise.

(b) The country took a loan from international agencies. One of the conditions for giving loan was that the government would reduce its expenses on education and health.
Answer:
A democratic government works for the welfare of the country and enhances the dignity of the citizens. Therefore, it cannot perform any functions which go against the welfare of the country and its people. Moreover, it does not allow an international agency to interfere in the internal matters of a country.

(c) People speak more than seven languages but education is available only in one language, the language spoken by 52 percent of people of the country.
Answer:
It is undemocratic because the majority view is being imposed on the minority.

(d) Several organisations have given a call for peaceful demonstrations and nation wide strikes in the country to oppose these policies. Government has arrested these leaders.
Answer:
Democratic: In a democratic country the government follows such a policy to maintain law and order as is done in this case where strikers are arrested against the policies of the government.

(e) The government owns the radio and television in the country. All the newspapers have to get permission from the government to publish any news about the government’s policies and protests.
Answer:
Undemocratic: In a democracy, people have the right to freedom of speech and expression. Radio and television and the press are free from the government’s control.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Working of Institutions

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Working of Institutions.

Exercises

Question 1.
If you are elected as the President of India which of the following decision can you take on your own?
(a) Select the person you like as Prime Minister.
(b) Dismiss a Prime Minister who has a majority in the Lok Sabha.
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.
(d) Nominate the leaders of your choice to the Council of Ministers.
Answer:
(c) Ask for reconsideration of a bill passed by both the Houses.

Question 2.
Who among the following is a part of the political executive?
(a) District Collector
(b) Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
(c) Home Minister
(d) Director General of Police
Answer:
(c) Home Minister

Question 3.
Which of the following statements about the judiciary is false?
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court
(b) Judiciary can strike down a law if it goes against the spirit of the Constitution
(c) Judiciary is independent of the Executive
(d) Any citizen can approach the courts if her rights are violated
Answer:
(a) Every law passed by the Parliament needs approval of the Supreme Court

Question 4.
Which of the following institutions can make changes to an existing law of the country?
(a) The Supreme Court
(b) The President
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Parliament
Answer:
(d) The Parliament

Question 5.
Match the ministry with the news that the ministry may have released:

Answer:
(a)—(iv), (b)—(v), (c)—(ii), (d)—(iii), (e)—(i)

Question 6.
Of all the institutions we have studied in this chapter, name the one that exercises the powers on each of the following matters.
(a) Decision on allocation of money for developing infrastructure like roads, irrigation etc. and different welfare activities for the citizens
(b) Considers the recommendation of a Committee on a law to regulate the stock exchange
(c) Decides on a legal dispute between two state governments
(d) Implements the decision to provide relief for the victims of an earthquake
Answer:
(a) The prime minister and the Council of Minister
(b) The Parliament
(c) Supreme Court of India
(d) The Civil Servants working together.

Question 7.
Why is the Prime Minister in India not directly elected by the people? Choose the most appropriate answer and give reasons for your choice.
(a) In a Parliamentary democracy only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.
(b) Lok Sabha can remove the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers even before the expiry of their term.
(c) Since the Prime Minister is appointed by the President there is no need for it.
(d) Direct election of the Prime Minister will involve a lot of expenditure on elections.
Answer:
(a) Elections are not fought for the post of the Prime Minister. Only parties fight elections and the majority party’s leader becomes the Prime Minister. In a Parliamentary democracy, only the leader of the majority party in the Lok Sabha can become the Prime Minister.

Question 8.
A teacher was making preparations for a mock Parliament. She called two students to act as leaders of two political parties. She gave them an option: Each one could choose to have a majority either in the mock Lok Sabha or in the mock Rajya Sabha. If this choice was given to you, which one would you choose and why?
Answer:
Such films are only for entertainment purposes as real life is strikingly different. Governance in a democracy means taking everyone along with you. In addition, in a vast and diverse country like India, it is very difficult to consider only an individual’s decision. Moreover, decision implementation needs to be coordinated among various organs of the government.

Question 9.
After reading the example of the reservation order, three students had different reactions about the role of the judiciary, which view, according to you, is a correct reading of the role of the judiciary?
(a) Srinivas argues that since the Supreme Court agreed with the government, it is not independent.
(b) Anjaiah says that the judiciary is independent because it could have given a verdict against the government order. The Supreme Court did direct the government to modify it.
(c) Vijaya thinks that the judiciary is neither independent nor conformist, but acts as a mediator between opposing parties. The court struck a good balance between those who supported and those who opposed the order.
Answer:
Anjaiah’s view on the role of judiciary is correct because judiciary is independent and impartial. It is not under the control of the legislature or the executive. The judges do not act on the direction of the government or according to the wishes of the party in power.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Poem Chapter 6 No Men are Foreign are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Poem Chapter 6 No Men are Foreign.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Beehive Poem Chapter 6 No Men are Foreign

I. COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follow each :

1. Remember, no men are strange, no countries foreign
Beneath all uniforms, a single body breathes Like ours : the land our brothers walk upon
Is earth like this, in which we all shall lie. (Page 80)

Questions

(a) What is there under all uniforms ?
(b) Where do brothers walk ? How is it ?
(c) What shall all do to the earth ?
(d) Give the poetic debice used in the third line.

Answers

(a) A single body breathes under all uniforms.
(b) They walk on the land. It is the same everywhere.
(c) We all shall lie in it.
(d) It is ‘simile’.

2. They, too, aware of sun and air and water,
Are fed by peaceful harvests, by war’s long winter starv’d,
Their hands are ours, and in their lines we read
A labour not different from our own. (Page 80) (CBSE)

Questions

(a) What feeds them ?
(b) Why is war’s long winter starved ?
(c) Explain : ‘in their lines we read…
(d) Give the meaning of1 aware’.

Answers

(a) The harvests grown and growing in peaceful times feed them.
(b) Due to war there is everything short in supply. So people suffer or die in war times.
(c) It means the lines of luck that astrologers read in one’s palm.
(d) It is ‘to know’.

3. Remember they have eyes like ours that wake
Or sleep, and strength that can be won
By love. In every land is common life
That all can recognise and understand. (Page 80) (Imp.) (CBSE 2016)

Questions

(a) Who are ‘they’ in the first line ?
(b) Which poetic device is used in line 1 ?
(c) What do ‘they’ have in common ?
(d) Write the antonym of the word, ‘strength’.

Answers

(a) They are the people living in other places and/or countries.
(b) It is ‘simile’ used in like 1.
(c) They have eyes, sleep etc, in common.
(d) It is “weakness’.

4. Let us remember, whenever we are told
To hate our brothers, it is ourselves
That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn
Remember, we who take arms against each other. (Page 80) (V. Imp.) (CBSE)

Questions

(a) What are we told of ? By whom ?
(b) What shall happen if we hate our brothers ?
(c) What shall happen to the earth ?
(d) Give the antonym of ‘remember’.

Answers

(a) We are told to hate our brothers by those who have a narrow outlook of life.
(b) If we hate our brothers we shall deprive ourselves of what we are. This will mean self-betrayal or self-condemnation.
(c) The earth shall be defiled.
(d) It is ‘forget’.

5. Remember, we who take arms against each other
It is the human earth that we defile.
Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence
Of air that is everywhere our own,
Remember, no men are foreign and no countries strange. (Page 80) (Imp.) (CBSE)

Questions

(a) When do we defile the earth ?
(b) How is the air ? How is it insulted ?
(c) What should we remember ?
(d) Give the meaning of ‘defile’.

Answers

(a) When we take arms against each other, we defile the earth.
(b) It is full of innocence. It is insulted when there occur wars or hatred controls the minds of the people.
(c) We should remember that no men are foreign and no countries strange.
(d) It is ‘to make dirty’.

II. TEXTUAL QUESTIONS
(Page 81)

Thinking About the Poem

1. (i) “Beneath all uniforms…” What uniforms do you think the poet is speaking about ?
(ii) How does the poet suggest that all people on earth are the same ?

2. In stanza 1, find five ways in which we all are alike. Pick out the words.

3. How many common features can you find in stanza 2 ? Pick out the words.

4. “… whenever we are told to hate our brothers…” When do you think this happens ? Why ? Who ‘tells’ us ? Should we do as we are told at such times ? What does the poet say ?

Answers

1. (i) The poet is speaking about ‘uniforms’ as different nationalities all over the world,
(ii) He suggests that a single human body breathes beneath different nationalities.

2.

1. No men are strange.
2. No countries foreign.
3. A single body breathes beneath all uniforms.
4. The land is the same everywhere.
5. The land is the same where all shall lie.

The words are : A single body breathes, the earth is like this etc.

3.

1. They are aware of sun, air and water.
2. They Are fed by peaceful harvests.
3. Their hands are ours.
4. Their lines in the palms are the same as these (there) are in our hands.

The words are : They, too, are aware of sun and air and water ; are fed by peaceful harvests, their hands are ours etc.

4. Sometimes, some persons with vested interests incite the masses. Due to this we start hating our brothers. They do so to serve their own selfish interests. They tell us to create riots. We should not do so as we are told. Instead, we should remain peaceful. If we obey them, we help them in their anti-social activities. This will mean a great loss to the people and the country.

The poet says that all the human beings of the world are our brothers and sisters. We should love them all. We should not fight with them as enemies. They are our own.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge.

NCERT QUESTIONS

Exercises

Question 1.
Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India.
Answer:
While determining the poverty line in India, a minimum level of food requirement, clothing, footwear, fuel and light, educational and medical requirements etc. are determined for subsistence. These physical quantities are multiplied by their prices in rupees.

The present formula for food requirement while estimating the poverty line is based on the desired calorie requirement. Food items such as cereals, pulses, vegetables, milk, oil, sugar etc. together provide these needed calories. The need of calories depends on age and the work done by a person. The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2,400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2,100 calories per person per day in urban areas.

The calorie requirement of the people in rural areas is higher than that of the people living in urban areas because they do more physical work as compared to urban people. On the basis of the calculations for the year 2011-12, the poverty line for a person was fixed at t 816 per month for the rural areas and ? 1,000 per month for the urban areas.

Question 2.
Do you think that the present methodology of poverty estimation is appropriate?
Answer:
I don’t think that the present methodology of poverty estimation is appropriate because each country uses an imaginary line that is considered appropriate for its existing level of development and its accepted minimum social norms. For example, a person not having a car in the United States may be considered poor. In India, owning a car is still considered a luxury.

Question 3.
Describe poverty trends in India since 1993.
Answer:
There is a substantial decline in poverty ratios in India from about 55 percent in 1973 to 36 percent in 1993. The proportion of people below the poverty line further came down to about 26 percent in 2000. If the trend continues, people below the poverty line may come down to less than 20 percent in the next few years. Although the percentage of people living under poverty declined in the earlier two decades (1973– 1993), the number of poor remained stable at around 320 million for a fairly long period. The latest estimates indicate a significant reduction in the number of poor to about 260 million.

Question 4.
Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India.
Answer:
The major reasons for poverty in India are:

1. Colonial rule. India went through a long phase of low economic development under the British colonial administration. The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged the development of industries like textiles.
2. High growth in population. The rapid growth of population, particularly among the poor, is one of the major reason for Indian poverty. Poor people are illiterate and have a traditional outlook. Hence, they are either ignorant of birth control measures or are not convinced of the need of birth control. Moreover, they consider a male child as an asset, i.e., as a source of income and a source of security in old age.
3. Low rate of economic development. The actual rate of growth in India has always been below the required level. This has resulted in less job opportunities. This has been accompanied by a high growth rate of population.
4. Unemployment. Another important factor for the incidence of high poverty in India is the high degree of unemployment and underemployment. The job seekers are increasing at a higher rate than the increase in the employment opportunities.
5. Unequal distribution. Although national income of India has been increasing since 1951, it was not properly distributed among different sections of the society. A large proportion of increased income has been pocketed by a few rich. They have become richer. A majority of people live below the poverty line.
6.  Social factors. Various social factors, viz., caste system, joint family system, religious beliefs, law of inheritance etc. have blocked the path of economic development.

Question 5.
Identify the social and economic groups which are most vulnerable to poverty in India.
Answer:
The social groups vulnerable to poverty are:

1. Scheduled castes households
2. Scheduled tribes households

The economic groups vulnerable to poverty are:

1. Rural agricultural labour households
2. Urban casual labour households

Question 6.
Give an account of inter-state disparities of poverty in India.
Answer:
The proportion of the poor is not the same in every state in India. Though there has been a decline in poverty in every state since from the early seventies, the poverty ratio varies from state to state. The states like Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Odisha had above all India poverty levels. Bihar and Orissa continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 33.7% and 32.6%.

Both rural and urban poverty is quite high in Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh. On the other hand, states like Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Haryana, Kerala, Punjab, and West Bengal have shown a significant decline in poverty. Public distribution of food grains focuses on human resource development, high agricultural development, and land reform measures are some of the factors responsible for the decline in poverty in these states.

Question 7.
Describe global poverty trends.
Answer:
The proportion of people in developing countries living on less than $1.90 per day has fallen from 35 percent in 1990 to 10.68 percent in 2013. There has been a substantial reduction in global poverty. However, the reduction is marked with great regional differences. Due to rapid economic growth and massive investment in human resource development, poverty has declined substantially in China and Southeast Asian countries.

In South Asian countries (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan), the decline has also been rapid. In Sub-Saharan Africa, poverty has declined from 54 percent in 1990 to 41 percent in 2013. It has also resurfaced in some of the former socialist countries like Russia, where officially it was non-existent earlier. In Latin America, the ratio of poverty has also declined from 16% in 1990 to 5.4% in 2013.

Question 8.
Describe the current government strategy of poverty alleviation.
Answer:
A common method used to measure poverty is based on income or consumption levels. A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given “minimum level” necessary to fulfill basic needs.

Question 9.
Answer the following questions briefly:
(i) What do you understand by human poverty?
(ii) Who are the poorest of the poor?
(iii) What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005?
Answer:
(i) Human poverty is a concept that goes beyond the limited view of poverty as a lack of income. It refers to the denial of political, social, and economic opportunities to an individual to maintain a “reasonable” standard of living. Illiteracy, lack of job opportunities, lack of access to proper healthcare and sanitation, caste and gender discrimination etc. are all components of human poverty.

(ii) Women, elderly people, and female infants are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family. Therefore women, children (especially the girl child), and old people are the poorest of the poor.

(iii) The National Rural Employment Act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts. Later, the scheme will be extended to 600 districts. One-third of the proposed jobs would be reserved for women. The central government will also establish National Employment Guarantee Funds. Similarly, state governments will establish State Employment Guarantee Funds for the implementation of the scheme.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 Constitutional Design

These Solutions are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 Constitutional Design.

NCERT QUESTIONS

Exercises

Question 1.
Here are some false statements. Identify the mistake in each case and rewrite these correctly based
on what you have read in this chapter.
(a) Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about whether the country should be democratic or not after independence.
Answer:
Leaders of the freedom movement had been clear that the country should be democratic after independence.

(b) Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on all provisions of the Constitution.
Answer:
Members of the Constituent Assembly of India had different ideas on all provisions of the Constitution. They arrived at a solution only after long discussions and debates and a consensus was reached.

(c) A country that has a constitution must be a democracy.
Answer:
A country that has a constitution may not be a democracy.

(d) Constitution cannot be amended because it is the supreme law of a country.
Answer:
A constitution can be amended even if it the supreme law of a country’.

Question 2.
Which of these was the most salient underlying conflict in the making of a democratic constitution in South Africa?
(a) Between South Africa and its neighbours
(b) Between men and women
(c) Between the white minority and the black majority
(d) Between the coloured minority and the black majority
Answer:
(c) Between the white minority and the black majority.

Question 3.
Which of these is a provision that a democratic constitution does not have?
(a) Powers of the head of the state ‘
(b) Name of the head of the state
(c) Powers of the legislature
(d) Name of the country
Answer:
(b) Name of the head of the state.

Question 4.
Match the following leaders with their roles in the making of the Constitution:

Answer:
(a) Motilal Nehru – Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928
(b) B.R. Ambedkar – Chairman of the Drafting Committee ‘
(c) Rajendra Prasad – President of the Constituent Assembly
(d) Sarojini Naidu – Member of the Constituent Assembly

Question 5.
Read again the extracts from Nehru’s speech ‘TFyst with Destiny’ and answer the following:
(a) Why did Nehru use the expression “not wholly or in full measure” in the first sentence?
Answer:
Because the task of nation-building is very tremendous and cannot be achieved fully in one’s lifetime. It has to go for a long time.

(b) What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take?
Answer:
The pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still larger cause of humanity.

(c) “The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye. ” Who was he referring to?
Answer:
He was referring to Gandhiji.

Question 6.
Here are some of the guiding values of the Constitution and its meaning. Rewrite them by matching them correctly.

Answer:
(a) Sovereign – People have the supreme right to make decisions.
(b) Republic – Head of the state is an elected person.
(c) Fraternity – Poeple should live like brothers and sisters.
(d) Secular – Government will not favour any religion.

Question 7.
Here are different opinions about what made India a democracy. How much importance would you give to each of these factors?
(a) Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with representative legislative institutions under British rule.
Answer:
Democracy in India was not a gift of the British. We had fought with the British to get independence in 1947. It was decided by our Constituent Assembly which had decided that India will have a democratic form of government. At the same time, we cannot ignore the fact that India received some training to work with representative legislative institutions under the Acts of 1919 and 1935.

(b) Freedom Struggle challenged the colonial exploitation and denial of different freedoms to Indians. Free India could not be anything but democratic.
Answer:
It is true India had fought against the colonial exploitation and denial of different freedoms to the Indians. Under the leadership of Gandhiji, the Indians started a satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act 1919 and the Salt Act 1930. Thus after independence, there could have been no government except democracy.

(c) We are lucky to have leaders who had democratic convictions. The denial of democracy in several other newly independent countries shows the important role of these leaders.
Answer:
India had leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar who were in favour of democracy. So they drafted a democratic constitution. They were determined to live up to democratic ideals. Leaders like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, General Musharraf of Pakistan, and the military leaders of Myanmar left democratic convictions and denied democracy.

Question 8.
Read the following extract from a conduct book for ‘married women’, published in 1912.

‘God has made the female species delicate and fragile both physically and emotionally, pitiably incapable of self-defence. They are destined thus by God to remain in male protection—of the father, husband, and son— all their lives. Women should, therefore, not despair, but feel obliged that they can dedicate themselves to the service of men.

Do you think the values expressed in this para reflected the values underlying our constitution? Or does this go against the constitutional values?
Answer:
These values are not given in our constitution. The Indian constitution makes no differences in respect to sex. Equal rights are given to women that is, they can vote, take up any job, have a property, and are paid equal wages for equal work. This statement of 1912 makes women inferior to men and does not give them equal status.

Question 9.
Read the following statement about a constitution. Give reasons why each of these is true or not true.
(a) The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law.
Answer:
Not true. The constitution is the supreme law. Its authority cannot be challenged even by the government. It is not like an ordinary law.

(b) Constitution lays down how different organs of the government will be formed.
Answer:
Yes, it is true, It defines the role of the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary and how they should be formed.

(c) Rights of citizens and limits on the power of the government are laid down in the constitution.
Answer:
Yes, true the fundamental rights clearly states the rights of the citizens. They also state the
power of the executive, lay down the rules how the legislature and the judiciary can control as to the government accounting to three lists, that is Union List, State List and Concurrent List. No government can go against these.

(d) A constitution is about institutions, not about values.
Answer:
Not true. The constitution contains all the values, which the institutions have, to promote. The Preamble of the constitution is a shining example of this and states clearly that justice, liberty, equality and fraternity have to be promoted. Secularism should be followed, socialism and democracy should be the basis of the government.

Hope given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter 3 are helpful to complete your homework.

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