Murali

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are a peasant in Alauddin Khalji’s or Muhammad Tughluq’s reign and you cannot pay the taxes demanded by the Sultan. What will you do?
Answer.
Peasants in:

Alauddin Khalji’s Reign
• We will have to forego our land

Muhammad-bin-Tughluq’s Reign
• Heavy penalties will be imposed.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Answer.
Tomara Rajput ruler.

Question 2.
What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans?
Answer.
Persian.

Question 3.
In whose reign did the Sultanate reach its farthest extent?
Answer.
In Muhammad-bin-Tughluq’s reign.

Question 4.
From which country did Ibn Battuta travel to India?
Answer.
From Morocco (Africa).

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
According to the circle of justice’, why was it important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind?
Answer.
Military commanders provided protection and secure the peasants who could pay taxes only if they were prosperous and happy. And taxes resulted in salaries of military commanders. This shows that both peasants and commanders were interdependent on each other.

Question 6.
What is meant by the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ frontiers of the Sultanate?
Answer.
Internal frontiers: Hinterland of the garrison towns.
External frontiers: Areas beyond the hinterland of the garrison towns.

Question 7.
What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties? Why do you think they may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans?
Answer.
The steps taken are given below:

• Accountants were appointed by the state to check the amount of revenue collected by the
• Care was taken that the muqti collected only the taxes prescribed by the state and not more than that.
• It was also taken care that he kept only the required number of soldiers.

The multis may have wanted to defy the orders to the Sultans because their appointment was not hereditary. Also, their job was transferable. What is more, the conditions of service were severely imposed on them which they did not like.

Question 8.
What was the impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer.

1. It led to military and market reforms under Alauddin Khalji.
2. A vast standing army was established under Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq to confront Mongol forces.
3. The areas laying in the north-west frontier, from where Mongols invaded saw the building of garrison towns and numerous strategic forts.
4. The revenue was increased upto 50% of the produce.
5. Soldiers were paid cash salaries instead of iqtas or land grants as salary.
6. The administrative system was made more efficient due to Mongol invasions.
7. Muhammad Tughluq built Daulatabad, a new capital city and introduced the “token” currency in order to mobilise resources to fight Mongol army.
8. He also planned to invade Mongol capital in Transoxiana, but plan was aborted.

Question 9.
Do you think the authors of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women?
Answer.
Yes, the author of the Tarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women.

Question 10.
Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Do you think women leaders are accepted more readily today?
Answer.
Yes, I think like that. The situation has changed today. Due to the spread of education, people now realize the potential of women. So, they have started accepting them as leaders. Even in rural areas now we see women Sarpanches and Councillors.

Question 11.
Why were the Delhi Sultans interested in cutting down forests? Does deforestation occur for the same reasons today?
Answer.
The Delhi Sultans cleared the forests in the Ganga-Yamuna doab and gave these lands to peasants in order to encourage agriculture. They also established new fortresses and towns in these lands to protect trade routes and to promote regional trade.

No, deforestation does not occur for the same reasons today. Nowadays, vegetation cover is being reduced due to over-population, urbanization, and commercialization.

LET’S DO

Question 12.
Find out whether there are any buildings built by the Delhi Sultans in your area. Are there any other buildings in your area that were built between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries? Describe some of these buildings, and draw sketches of them.
Answer.
Yes, there are several. Some of them are Buildings built between 12th and 15th century

• Jamali-Kamali Mosque.
• Sirifort.
• Begumpuri Mosque.
• Moth Ki Masjid.
• Raziyya’s Tomb.
• Qutb Minar.
• Tugalakabad Fort
• Firuz Shah Kotla
• Purana Quila

Sketches: Do this yourself.
Other Buildings
• Lai Quila, Jama Masjid.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
What are the four stages in the preparation of a manuscript? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
Four stages in the preparation of a manuscript are as under:

1.  Preparing the paper.
2.  Writing the text.
3.  Melting gold to highlight important words and passages.
4.  Preparing the binding.

Question 2.
Do you think the circle of justice is an appropriate term to describe the relationship between the king and his subjects? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
The Circle of Justice
Fakhr-i-Mudabbir wrote in the thirteenth century
A king cannot survive without soldiers. And soldiers cannot live without salaries. Salaries come from the revenue collected from peasants. But peasants can pay revenue only when they are prosperous and happy. This happens when the king promotes justice and honest governance.

Question 3.
Express Minhaj’s ideas in your own words. Do you think Raziyya shared these ideas? Why do you think it was so difficult for a woman to be a ruler? (NCERT Page 33)
Answer.

1. Mirihaj expressed that women were subordinate to men. But due to her qualities, she (Rajiyya) gained and rose to the throne of Delhi.
2. Minhaj-i Siraj thought that the Queen’s rule went against the ideal social order created by God.
3. Raziyya did not share these ideas and on her inscriptions and coins, Raziyya mentioned that she was the daughter of Sultan Iltutmish.
4. It was difficult for women to be a ruler because women were considered the weaker sex. This was in contrast to Queen Rudramadzir who changed her name (from Rudramadevi) and pretended to be a man.

Question 4.
Compare Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5. What similarities and differences do you notice amongst the mosques? The mosques in Figures 3, 4, and 5 show an evolution in an architectural tradition that culminates in Shah Jahan’s mosque in Delhi. (NCERT Page 37)
Answer.
Similarities and differences in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 (See NCERT pages 36-37).

1. Fig 2. Quwwat al- Islam mosque and minaret
   • Built during the last decade of the 12th century in Dehli-i-Kuhna as a congregational mosque
   • Enlarged by Iltutmish and Alauddin Khalji
   • It has large spaces for Namaz unlike other mosques
2. Fig 3 Begampuri mosque
   • Built during Md. Tughluq’s reign in Jahanpanah( sanctuary of the world’
   • It had a huge gate
3. Fig 4 Moti ki Masjid
   • Built during Sikander Lodi’s reign by his minister
   • It also has a huge gate
4. Fig 5 Mosque of Jamali Kamali
   • It was built in late 1520s
   • This too had a huge gate

Question 5.
Can you think of any reason why a slave would be better than a son? (NCERT Page 38)
Answer.

1. Because slaves are more faithful and dedicated in comparison to sons.
2. Sons are fed and when they are grown up they begin to defy their parents.

Question 6.
Why do you think Barani criticized the Sultan? (NCERT Page 38)
Answer.
Ziyauddin Barani Criticised Sultan for his loss of political judgment and incapacity to rule. He was not in favour of certain administrative appointments made by Md. Tughluq like Aziz Khummar, a wine distiller, Firuz Hajjam, a barber, Manka Tabbakh, a cook, Ladha and Pira, gardener.

Question 7.
Describe the ways in which the chieftains arranged for their defence. (NCERT Page 40)
Answer.

1. Ibn Battuta, a fourteenth-century traveller from Morocco, Africa, explained that chieftains sometimes
2. Fortified themselves in mountains, in rocky, uneven, and rugged places as well as in bamboo groves.
3. In India the bamboo was not hollow; it was big. Its several parts were so intertwined that even fire could not affect them, and they were on the whole very strong.
4. The chieftains lived in these forests which served them as ramparts.
5. Inside them were their cattle and their crops.
6. There was also water for them within, except rainwater which collected there. Hence they could not be subdued except by powerful armies.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
What do you understand by the word ‘brand’? List two reasons why building brands is central to advertising?
Answer.
1. The word ‘brand’ is the particular name or sign given to a product made by a manufacturer. The brand is made to differentiate a particular product from others in the market.

2. Advertising is the only means through which a brand can be popularised fastest and can reach the largest number of people. It is the advertising which influences people’s thought regarding a particular brand of product. These are the reasons why building a brand is central to advertising.

Question 2.
Choose two of your favourite print advertisements. Now, look at each of these and answer the following questions:
(a) What visuals and text are being used in these advertisements to attract my attention?
(b) What values are being promoted in these advertisements?
(c) Who is this advertisement speaking to and who is it leaving out?
(d) If you could not afford the brand that is being advertised how would you feel? ‘


Answer.

Question 3.
Can you explain two ways in which you think advertising affects issues of equality in a democracy?
Answer.
(1) Advertising for different products/ brands reaches only those people who have the means of media either print or electronic. But those, mainly poors, who don’t have these means, are not able to know about these products. Thus, equality between the rich and poors in a democracy is affected here. Because in a democracy all have the right to information.

(2) Advertising is focusing on only the lives of the rich and leaving the issues of poverty, discrimination, and dignity aside. The issues avoided here are central to the functioning of equality in democracy.

Question 4.
Making an advertisement requires a lot of creativity. Let us imagine a situation in which a manufacturer has just made a new watch. She says that she wants to sell this watch to school children. She comes to your class and asks you all to create a brand name as well as an advertisement for the watch. Divide the class into small groups and each group creates an advertisement for this watch. Share it with the class.
Answer.
Do this exercise yourself with the help of your subject teacher.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
( Look at the two advertisements (See Figure in NCERT Textbook on Page 81) and fill the table. (NCERT Page 81)

Answer.

Question 2.
Do you think there is a problem in using the image of the mother as the only person who takes care of the child in the Care Soap advertisement? (NCERT Page 81)
Answer.

1. Yes, it is assumed in our society that only mothers take care of their children and not fathers. Now the situation is changing.
2. Females attract people more than males in advertisements.

Question 3.
What does this advertisement want me to feel when I use this brand? (NCERT Page 84)

Answer.
This ad wants mothers to feel that they care for their children’s health.

Question 4.
Who is this advertisement talking to and who is it leaving out? (NCERT Page 84)
Answer.
This ad is talking to the mothers and it is leaving fathers out.

Question 5.
If you have money to buy these products, how would you feel when you see these advertisements? If you do not have money, then how would you feel? (NCERT Page 84)
Answer.

1. In the first situation, we would buy them instantly.
2. In another situation, we would feel that we are not caring for our child well.

Question 6.
Who do you think is the target audience for the social advertisements below? (See figure in NCERT textbook on page 88) (NCERT Page 88)
Answer.
Society in general.

Question 7.
What is the message that each social advertisement is trying to get across? (NCERT Page 88)
Answer.

1. Freedom is the birth-right of disabled children too.
2. Disabled children have the right to education.
3. Railways run faster than us. This means we should not cross the railway crossing when the train is coming.

Question 8.
Having read about the diarrhea epidemic in the chapter on State Government, can you make a social advertisement on what precautionary steps should be taken to prevent diarrhea? (NCERT Page 88)
Answer.
Tips:

1. Advertisements on cleanliness, sanitation, a sprinkling of disinfectants.
2. Guidance and counseling.
3. To be done by the students themselves.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Advertising, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Mystery Chapter 4 Harry Potter are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Mystery Chapter 4 Harry Potter.

CBSE Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Mystery Chapter 4 Harry Potter

TEXTUAL EXERCISES
(Page 104)

Question 1.
Listen to the following conversation adapted from ‘Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone’ by J. K. Rowling. As you listen to the excerpt, complete the following statements.

1. Aunt Petunia did not like her sister and brother-in-law as ………. .
2. Harry’s mother had met his father at ………. .
3. Harry had been told that his parents had ………. ,This was not the truth as ………. .
4. The name of the Wizard who killed Harry Potter’s parents was ………. .
5. Hagrid was reluctant to name ………. ,and called him ………. .
6. Harry got the scar on his forehead when ………. .

Answer :

1. they were a witch and a wizard respectively
2. a school
3. died in a car crash … they had been killed by a wizard named Voldemort
4. Voldemort
5. the murderer of Harry Potter’s parents … Voldemort
6. an evil curse touched him and he became powerful.

Question 2.
Film / Book Review
The aim of writing a film review is to judge a film or a book and inform the viewer / reader about it. The reviewer talks about the subject of the film / book being reviewed and how the film maker or director / author has handled the subject. At times the reviewer’s aim is to arouse the interest of the viewer / reader so that she / he wishes to see the film / read the book.Sometimes, the reviewer warns the viewer/ reader why she / he should not see or read a particular film / book. Write a review of a Harry Potter film / book or an episode of Malgudi Days that you have seen.
You must include :

• the name of the film / book
• the cast / director / writer
• the important characters
• a very brief outline of the film / book
• why the film/ book was worth seeing or reading / not worth seeing or reading.

Sources :

1. //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda-Triangle//
2. /www.bermuda-triangle.org/
3. /www.bermudatrianglemystery.net./

Write a review of a Harry Potter film / book or an episode of Malgudi Days that you have seen.
Answer :
Students to write the review on their own of the film, a book or an episode as asked, on the guidelines given here.
Some information is given here to enable them to write the review.
1. Harry Potter :
A series of seven fantasy novels written by the British author J.K. Rowling. The books chronicle the adventures of the adolescent wizard Harry Potter and his best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger – students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry – main story concerns Harry’s quandary involving the evil wizard Lord Voldemort, who killed Harry’s parents in his quest to conquer the wizarding world and subjugate non-magical people – thus a fight between good and evil. Good symbolised by Harry through being humble; virtuous evil symbolised by Voldemort.

Main theme is death, though the novels have many genres including fantasy, love, prejudice etc – themes of normality, oppression, survival, overcoming odds, making one’s way through adolescence also possible. Novels on Harry Potter have been a grand commercial success due to having been filmed and converted into video games – richer than Queen Elizabeth II – best seller for children’s literature in 2000.

Novels received praise but also criticism and controversy like: written for people whose imaginative lives are confined to TV cartoons, soaps, reality TV and celebrity gossip; good and evil theme merely childish.

2. Malgudi Days Episode : A Hero :
The protagonist, a 13-year old boy, very coward, afraid of ghosts, shadows, can’t sleep alone, father asks to shed cowardice, makes him sleep in his study – protagonist can’t sleep, winks and swears oaths in anger – a thief enters – gathers courage  catches his leg and cries – thief caught – protagonist declared ‘a hero’. Simple plot, rural and village setting, educative in taste, entertaining, touches sentiments of all, humorous in what the protagonist mumbles while cursing and trying to sleep alone.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Mystery Chapter 4 Harry Potter help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 9 English Main Course Book Unit 5 Mystery Chapter 4 Harry Potter, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

Question 1.
Answer the following questions.

1. What are the Temperate Grasslands of North America called?
2. What are the cattle farms in the North American Grasslands known as?
3. Name the rivers that drain the Velds.
4. When is the rainy season in the Velds?
5. What is the major occupation of the people of the South African grasslands?

Answer.

1. The temperate grasslands of North America are called Prairies.
2. The cattle farms in the North American Grasslands are called ranches.
3. The tributaries of rivers Orange and Limpopo.
4. The velds enjoy the rainy season mainly in the summer months from November to February.
5. The major occupation of the people of the South African grasslands in sheep rearing.

Question 2.
Tick the correct answer.
(i) River Mississippi drains
(a) Canada
(b) Africa
(c) the USA
Answer.
(c) the USA

(ii) Drakensberg Mountains are to the west of
(a) Prairies
(b) Velds
(c) Pampas
Answer.
(b) Velds

(iii) Merino is a species of
(a) fish
(b) elephant
(c) sheep
Answer.
(c) sheep

(iv) Kimberley is famous for
(a) diamonds
(b) silver
(c) platinum
Answer.
(a) diamonds

Question 3.
Match the following.
(i) Cowboys                              (a) Iron and Steel
(ii) Gold                                    (b) Prairies
(iii) Kudu                                  (c) Hot wind
(iv) Chinook                             (d) Velds
(v) Coal                                    (e) Johannesburg
                                                (f) Animal
Answer.
(i) Cowboys                            (b) Prairies
(ii) Gold                                  (e) Johannesburg
(iii) Kudu                                (f) Animal
(iv) Chinook                           (c) Hot Wind
(v) Coal                                  (a) Iron and Steel

Question 4.
Give reasons.

1. The Prairies are known as the ‘Granaries of the World’.
2. Rise of the wool industry in the Velds.

Answer.

1. Due to the huge surplus of wheat production.
2. A good variety of sheep (merino) is found here whose wool is very warm.

Question 5.
Map skills.
On an outline map of North America, mark the Rocky Mountains, the Great Lakes, river Mississippi, river Saskatchewan, the cities—Chicago and Winnipeg.
Answer.

INTEXT QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Some type of grass grows on almost every surface of the earth. List names of places where you have observed grass growing, e.g., lawns, cricket fields, between cracks of a sidewalk, etc.
Answer.

1. Lawns
2. Along footbath
3. Cricket field
4. On the bunds of agricultural fields
5. Between cracks
6. On open patches
7. Near channels of water.

Question 2.
Velds lie in the southern hemisphere. When it summers in velds, what season would it be in the prairies?
Answer.
It would be wintering in the prairies.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Geography Chapter 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 8 The Bear Story are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 8 The Bear Story.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 8 The Bear Story

EXERCISES
(Page 57)

Answer the following questions :
Question 1.
Where did the lady find the bear cub ? How did she bring it up ?
Answer:
The lady found the bear cub in the dense forest near her house. She brought it up on the bottle with the help of the cook.

Question 2.
The bear grew up but “he was a most amiable bear”. Give three examples to prove this. (Imp.)
Answer:
The bear was a most amiable bear. He did not dream of harming anybody, man or beast. He looked amicably at the cattle grazing in the field but caused them no harm. Sometimes he went into the stable with his mistress. The three horses there did not mind it in the least. The children used to ride his back. More than once they had been found asleep between his two paws.

Question 3.
What did the bear eat ? There were two things he was not allowed to do. What were they ?
Answer:
The bear ate the same food as the dogs and often out of the same plate. He ate bread, porridge, potatoes, cabbages and turnips. Like all bears he was a vegetarian and he liked fruit the most. He was not allowed to climb the apple tree and eat them. He was also not allowed to touch the beehive.

Question 4.
When was the bear tied up with a chain ? Why ?
Answer:
Generally the bear was tied up with a chain only at night. But on Sundays the lady visited her sister who lived on the other side of the mountain lake. It was not safe to go with the bear through the forest. So on Sundays the bear was chained all day.

Question 5.
What happened one Sunday when the lady was going to her sister’s house ? What did the lady do ? What was the bear’s reaction ? (Imp.)
Answer:
One Sunday the lady was going to her sister’s house. She heard the cracking of tree branches in the forest. She looked back and was very angry to see the bear following her. She told him in her hardest tone to go back. The bear did not seem to listen. Then the lady saw that the bear had even lost his new collar. She hit the bear with her parasol so hard that it broke into two. The bear stopped and opened its mouth several times as if wanting to say something. Then the bear turned round and went back. However, it stopped now and then to look back at the lady. Ultimately the lady lost sight of him.

Question 6.
Why was the bear looking sorry for himself in the evening ? Why did the cook get angry with her mistress ? (V. Imp.)
Answer:
The bear was looking sorry for himself in the evening. The poor creature had been on chain all day. He did not like to be chained. He was waiting for the lady to come and release him. However, when the lady came, she began to scold the bear. She also threatened him with punishment. The cook heard it and rushed out from the kitchen. She got angry with her mistress because she loved the bear much. She knew that the bear had been as gentle as an angel. So she asked her mistress to bless him instead of scolding him.

EXERCISES
[Page 57)

Discuss the following topics in groups.
Question 1.
Most people keep dogs and cats as pets. Can you think of some unusual pets that people keep ?
Answer:
Not very long ago, many Indians kept many wild animals as pets. Among these were included not only deers and bears but even wolves and tigers. There are many snake-charmers in our country who keep snakes as pets. Some foreigners and even Indians in the South have crocodiles as their pets.

Question 2.
The second bear did not attack the lady because he was afraid of her. Do you agree ? (Imp.)
Answer:
It seems that it was the lady’s confidence which frightened the bear. She thought that it was her pet bear. She dealt with him as one would deal with one’s dog or cat. Her fearlessness obviously frightened the bear.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 8 The Bear Story help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English An Alien Hand Chapter 8 The Bear Story, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.