Water Resources Class 12 MCQ Chapter 6 Question 1.

The river basin which makes the maximum utilisation of groundwater is ………

(A) Ganga
(B) Brahmaputra
(C) Satluj
(D) Indus
Answer:
(B) Brahmaputra

Explanation:
Ganga has about 46 per cent of the total replenish able groundwater resources. The level of groundwater utilisation is relatively high in the river basins lying in north-western region and parts of south India.

Water Resources MCQ Class 12 Chapter 6 Question 2.

The river basin which makes the minimum utilisation of groundwater:

(A) Ganga
(B) Luni
(C) Subarnrekha
(D) Brahmaputra
Answer:
(D) Brahmaputra

Explanation:
The digging of wells, the over use of water and the highly economic conditions such as uses of water becomes four times of the past years and the agriculture irrigation, tube wells and the use of water over large field cause decline in the level of groundwater utilization.

Class 12 Geography Water Resources MCQ Question 3.

Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh more than 85 per cent of their net sown area is under :

(A) irrigation
(B) agriculture
(C) pesticides
(D) wasteland
Answer:
(A) irrigation

Explanation:
These states prosperity has been largely due to the state’s development of agriculture. One factor that makes these states a productive agricultural area is its fertile soil,

MCQ Of Water Resources Class 12 Question 4.

The North-western India and Deccan Plateau are deficient in :

(A) population
(B) rainfall
(C) moist air
(D) sunlight
Answer:
(B) rainfall

Explanation:
The Western Ghats mountain range is very massive and blocks the moisture from the southwest monsoon from reaching the Deccan Plateau, so the region receives very little rainfall.

Class 12 Water Resources MCQ Question 5.

The per capita availability of water is dwindling day by day due to the:

(A) decrease in population
(B) increase in population
(C) stagnation in population
(D) no change in population
Answer:
(B) increase in population

Explanation:
Increasing population, rising demands for food and cash crops, increasing urbanisation and rising standards of living are the major factors leading to shortages in supply of fresh water either due to drying up of water sources or water pollution.

Class 12 Geography Chapter 6 Water Resources MCQ Question 6.

The purity of water or water without unwanted foreign substances is known as:

(A) water quality
(B) water quantity
(C) water availability
(D) water scarcity
Answer:
(A) water quality

Explanation:
The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, and condition of drinking water.

Water Resources Class 12 MCQs Question 7.

…………… involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation  tanks, recharge wells, etc.

(A) Watershed management
(B) Rainwater harvesting
(C) Underground preservation
(D) All the Above
Answer:
(A) Watershed management

Explanation:
Watershed management recharges the groundwater table. Restores soil fertility and helps in soil conservation Restores water for drinking.

MCQ On Water Resources Class 12 Question 8.

Traditional ………… in rural areas is done by using surface storage bodies like lakes, ponds, irrigation tanks.

(A) rain water harvesting
(B) ground water preservation
(C) watershed management
(D) storage management
Answer:
(A) rain water harvesting

Explanation:
Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off

Water Resources Class 12 Geography MCQ Question 9.

The area from which rainfall flows into a river, lake or reservoir is called a area.

(A) connecting
(B) catchment
(C) flooding
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(B) catchment

Explanation:
A catchment is an area of land where water collects when it rains, often bounded by hills. As the water flows over the landscapeit finds its way into streams and down into the soil, eventually feeding the river.

Water Resources Class 12th MCQ Chapter 6 Question 10.

An area of shallow body of water separated from the sea by barrier islands or reefs is known as:

(A) Backwaters
(B) Catchment area
(C) Lagoon
(D) Lake
Answer:
(C) Lagoon

Explanation:
A lagoon is a body of water separated from larger bodies of water by a natural barrier. Lagoons are separated from larger bodies of water by sandbars, barrier reefs, coral reefs, or other natural barriers.

MCQs Of Water Resources Class 12 Chapter 6 Question 11.

Which sector grounds for most of the surface and groundwater utilisation?

(A) Agriculture
(B) Industrial
(C) Household
(D) Medical
Answer:
(A) Agriculture

Explanation:
Agriculture sectors accounts for most of the groundwater utilisation. In agriculture, water is mainly used for irrigation,

MCQ Water Resources Class 12 Chapter 6 Question 12.

Which state utilises very small proportion of their groundwater potentials.

(A) Chhattisgarh
(B) Odisha
(C) Kerala
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above

Explanation:
Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Kerala, etc., utilise only a small proportion of their groundwater potentials. This is due to the fact that the underground water potential of these states is low as compared to other states.

MCQ Of Chapter 6 Water Resources Class 12 Question 13.

Name the rivers which have huge catchment areas.

(A) Ganga
(B) Brahmaputra
(C) Krishna
(D) All of the above
Answer:
(D) All of the above

Explanation:
These rivers are also harnessed in their upstream catchment area to generate hydroelectricity.

Water Resources Class 12th MCQs Chapter 6 Question 14.

Water held underground in the soil or in pores and crevices in rocks is called as:

(A) Groundwater
(B) Underground water
(C) Inaccessible water
(D) Clear water
Answer:
(A) Groundwater

Explanation:
Groundwater is that water that occurs below the surface of Earth, where it occupies all or part of the void spaces in soils or geologic strata.

Chapter 6 Water Resources Class 12 MCQ Question 15.

Why is irrigation required?

(A) For progress
(B) Due to uneven rain distribution
(C) To aid agriculture
(D) Both (B) and (C)
Answer:
(D) Both (B) and (C)

Explanation:
The monsoons are uncertain. So irrigation is necessary to protect crops from drought as a result of uncertain rainfall. Irrigation enhances agricultural productivity and it also promotes stability in production of crops. Irrigation ful fills the water requirement of such crops.

Geography Class 12 Water Resources MCQ Question 16.

About two-thirds of its population have been dependent on:

(A) Agriculture
(B) Industrialisation
(C) Monsoons
(D) Trade
Answer:
(A) Agriculture

Explanation:
The majority of the working f population is engaged in agriculture due to the importance of agriculture. Agriculture is responsible for meeting food requirements and a industrial needs.

Class 12 Geography Ch 6 Water Resources MCQ Question 17.

The supply of water to land or crops to help growth, typically by means of channels is known as:

(A) Agriculture
(B) Irrigation
(C) Horticulture
(D) Vericulture
Answer:
(B) Irrigation

Explanation:
Irrigation is the artificial process of applying controlled amounts of water to land to assist in production of crops.

Ch 6 Water Resources Class 12 MCQ Question 18.

Provision of irrigation makes cropping possible.

(A) Single
(B) Multiple
(C) Foreign
(D) New
Answer:
(B) Multiple

Explanation:
Since India has a tropical and sub-tropical climate, it has potentialities to grow crops on a year-round basis. Provision of irrigation facilities can make possible the growing of two or three crops in a year in most areas of the country.

Question 19.

Bhakra- Nangal, Hirakud, Damodar Valley, Nagarjuna Sagar, Indira Gandhi Canal Project, etc, are:

(A) Picnic spots
(B) Tourist areas
(C) Multipurpose river valley projects
(D) Irrigation points
Answer:
(C) Multipurpose river valley projects

Explanation:
Dams are referred to as multipurpose projects where the many uses of the impounded water are integrated with one another. economy is a type of economy that relies primarily on agricultural industry including livestock farming or crop production.

Question 20.

An ……………. economy is a type of economy that relies primarily on agricultural industry including livestock farming or crop production.

(A) Traditional
(B) Agrarian
(C) Old
(D) Underdeveloped
Answer:
(B) Agrarian

Explanation:
An agrarian society, is any community whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland.

Question 21.

can be defined as a process that extracts minerals from saline water.

(A) Salination
(B) Desalination
(C) Detoxication
(D) Saturation
Answer:
(B) Desalination

Explanation:
Desalination is a process that takes away mineral components from saline g water. More generally, desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from water.

Question 22.

Sewage disposal, urban run-off, toxic effluents from industries,run-off over cultivated lands and nuclear power plants are examples of:

(A) Water source
(B) Water pollutants
(C) Water residue
(D) Water storage
Answer:
(B) Water pollutants

Explanation:
The main water pollutants include bacteria, viruses, parasites, fertilisers, pesticides, pharmaceutical products, nitrates, phosphates, plastics, faecal waste and even radioactive substances.

Question 23.

Name the board that monitors the water quality of national aquatic resources.

(A) The Central Pollution Centre Board
(B) The Central Pollution Control Board
(C) The Central Pollution Communication Board
(D) The Central Pollution Common Board
Answer:
(B) The Central Pollution Control Board

Explanation:
The main function of CPCB is to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution.

Question 24.

River water is used for:

(A) Irrigation
(B) Drinking
(C) domestic and industrial purposes
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(D) All of the Above

Explanation:
River water is a surface water source and a part of the water cycle. It can be used for households, irrigation, processing in industries or for the production of energy. means using treated waste water for other purposes.

Question 25.

…………….. means using treated waste water for other purposes.

(A) Reclaimed waste water
(B) Relieved waste water
(C) Reclaimed waste water
(D) Reclaimed waste water
Answer:
(D) Reclaimed waste water

Explanation:
Water reclamation is the process of converting municipal wastewater or industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes.

Question 26.

Recycled Water generally refers to treated wastewater.

(A) Domestic
(B) Industrial
(C) Social
(D) None of these
Answer:
(A) Domestic

Explanation:
Recycled Water generally refers to treated domestic wastewater that is used more than once before it passes back into the water cycle.

Question 27.

What is the local name of rainwater harvesting structure in Rajasthan?

(A) Kund
(B) Tanka
(C) Nalka
(D) Both (A) and (B)
Answer:
(D) Both (A) and (B)

Explanation:
A taanka, are also known as a tanka or kunds, is a traditional rainwater harvesting technique, common to the Thar desert region of Rajasthan.

Question 28.

Neeru- Meeru programme belongs to which state?

(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Karnataka
(D) Kerala
Answer:
(A) Andhra Pradesh

Explanation:
Poverty eradication by Neeru-Meeru, an initiative undertaken by government of Andhra Pradesh.

Question 29.

What determines the success of watershed development?

(A) Government policies
(B) MNCs help
(C) Community participation
(D) Individual effort
Answer:
(C) Community participation

Explanation:
Participatory watershed manage- ment is seen as a process which aims to create a self-supporting system and is essential for 1 sustainability of economy.

Question 30.

…………….. is a watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government.

(A) Haryali
(B) Hawarahili
(C) Harwara
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(A) Haryali

Explanation:
Haryali aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation.

Question 31.

Rivers can be important remedies for solving problem in India.

(A) Rain
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Flow
Answer:
(B) Water

Question 32.

Water is a recyclable resource but its availability is:

(A) Limited
(B) Abundant
(C) Unlimited
(D) Endless
Answer:
(A) Limited

Explanation:
Freshwater is a renewable source because it can be used over and over again, as it has a cycle. However, freshwater is also a limited resource, because less than 3% of the world’s water is fresh. And more than 75% of the world’s freshwater is being stored in glaciers and ice caps.

Assertion and Reason Based MCQs

Directions: In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false and R is true.

Question 1.

Assertion (A): Water scarcity is possibly to pose the greatest challenge on account of its increased demand coupled with shrinking supplies due to over utilization and pollution.
Reason (R): The per capita availability of water is dwindling day by day due to increase in population.

Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
The available water resources are also getting polluted with industrial, agricultural and domestic effluents, and this, in turn, is further limiting the availability of usable water resources.

Question 2.

Assertion (A): Water is a cyclic resource with abundant supplies on the globe.
Reason (R): The availability of fresh water varies over space and time.

Answer:
(C) A is true but R is false.

Explanation:
A cyclic resource is what which can be formed again and again, Similarly water is a cyclic resource. It can be recycled and reused. Approximately, 71 per cent of the earth’s surface 1 1 is covered with water.

Question 3.

Assertion (A): The states of Punjab, Haryana and Tamil Nadu were regions for green revolution.
Reason (R): The states of Punjab, Haryana and Tamil Nadu have agriculture supported mainly by irrigated water and the main source for it is the underground water.

Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
All the green revolution crops are water intensive, hence the demand for water in these states is very high. These regions have soft alluvial soil which allows the rain water to seep down and recharge the underground water table. This area is easy to be dug, hence extraction of underground water is easiest source of water.

Question 4.

Assertion (A): In Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh more than 85 per cent of their net sown area is under irrigation.
Reason (R): Of the total net irrigated area 76.1 per cent in Punjab and 51.3 per cent in Haryana are irrigated through wells and tube wells.

Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
This shows that these states 5 utilize large proportion of their groundwater ? potential which has resulted in groundwater depletion in these states.

Question 5.

Assertion (A): At present the agriculture use accounts for the lowest share of utilization for both ground and surface water resources.
Reason (R): This in turn will reduce the share of the agriculture and increase the share of industrial and domestic sector in the consumption of all resources including the water resources of the country.

Answer:
(D) A is false and R is true.

Explanation:
At present the agriculture use accounts for the highest share of utilization for both ground and surface water resources. The main reason being that the agriculture accounts or the largest share in economy of the country, but in recent times the share of secondary and tertiary activities have been rising in the economy.

Question 6.

Assertion (A): Although, water is generally brackish in these water bodies, it is used for fishing and irrigating certain varieties of paddy crops,coconut, etc.
Reason (R): The States like Kerala, Odisha and West Bengal have vast surface water resources in the lagoons and lakes.

Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
Water, the best and the most reliable method which can be used for Kerala is the construction of storage reservoirs for impounding water during the monsoon and utilizing the water in the reservoir for critical periods of the crops.

Question 7.

Assertion (A): Development of irrigation to increase agricultural production has been assigned a very high priority in the Five Year Plans.
Reason (R): India’s water demand at present is dominated by irrigational needs.

Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
India has traditionally been an agrarian economy, and about two-third of its population have been dependent on agriculture.

Question 8.

Assertion (A): The share of agricultural sector in total water utilisation is much higher than other sectors.
Reason (R): Agriculture accounts for most of the surface and groundwater utilisation.

Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
Agriculture accounts for 89 percent of the surface water and 92 per cent of the groundwater utilisation.

Question 9.

Assertion (A): The large tracts of the country are deficient in rainfall and are drought prone.
Reason (R): North-western India and Deccan plateau constitute such areas.

Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
Winter and summer seasons are more or less dry in these parts of the country.

Question 10.

Assertion (A): Provision of irrigation makes single cropping possible.
Reason (R): It has also been found that irrigated lands have higher agricultural productivity than inaugurated land.

Answer:
(D) A is false and R is true.

Explanation:
Provision of irrigation makes multiple cropping possible. Since India has a tropical and sub-tropical climate, it has 1 potentialities to grow crops on a year-round basis. Provision of irrigation facilities can make possible the growing of two or three crops in a : I year in most areas of the country.

Question 11.

Assertion (A): Water gets polluted by foreign matters, such as micro-organisms, chemicals, industrial and other wastes.
Reason (R): The Ganga and the Yamuna are the two highly clean rivers in the country.

Answer:
(C) A is true but R is false.

Explanation:
When toxic substances enter lakes,streams, rivers, ocean and other water bodies, they get dissolved or lie suspended in water This results in pollution of water whereby quality of water deteriorates affecting aquatic systems.

Question 12.

Assertion (A): Another way through which we can improve fresh water availability is by recycle and reduce.
Reason (R): This would conserve better quality of water for drinking purposes.

Answer:
(D) A is false and R is true.

Explanation:
Another way through which we can improve fresh water availability is by recycle and reuse. In urban are as water after bathing and washing utensils can be used for gardening. Water used for washing vehicle can also be used for gardening. This would conserve better quality of water for drinking purposes.

Question 13.

Assertion (A): Watershed management involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater.
Reason (R): The success of watershed development largely depends upon community participation.

Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
Watershed management basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. Watershed management aims at bringing about balance , between natural resources on the one hand and society on the other

Question 14.

Assertion (A): Rainwater harvesting is a method to capture and store rainwater for various uses.
Reason (R): Rainwater harvesting increases water availability, checks the declining groundwater table, improves the quality of groundwater.

Answer:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation o

Explanation:
Rainwater harvesting is used to recharge groundwater aquifers. It is a low cost and eco-friendly technique for preserving every drop of water by guiding the rain water to bore well, pits and wells.

Question 15.

Assertion (A): The dumping of industrial waste into rivers leads to water pollution.
Reason (R): The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country.

Answer:
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

Explanation:
Industries and industrial sites are a major contributor to water pollution, Industrial waste from agricultural sites, mines and manufacturing plants can make its way I into rivers, streams and other bodies of water 1 that lead directly to the sea.

Question 16.

Assertion (A): Water is not the most essential component of life and is vital for sustenance.
Reason (R): Level of groundwater is decreasing day by day. It leads to the scarcity of potable drinking water.

Answer:
(D) A is false and R is true.

Explanation:
Water is the most essential component of life and is vital for sustenance. Without water people cannot live, without water plants cannot live, without water animal cannot live.

Case-Based MCQs

I. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
AvaiLable water resources are degrading rapidly. The major rivers of the country generally retain better water quality in less densely populated
upper stretches in hilly areas. In plains, river water is used intensively for irrigation, drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in collaboration with State Pollution Control Boards has been monitoring water quality of national aquatic resources at 507 stations.

The data obtained from these stations show that organic and bacterial contamination continues to be the main source of pollution in rivers. The Yamuna river is the most polluted river in the country between Delhi and Etawah. Other severely polluted rivers are: the Sabarmati at Ahmedabad, the Gomti at Lucknow, the Kali, the Adyar, the Cooum (entire stretches), the Vaigai at Madurai and the Musi of Hyderabad and the Ganga at Kanpur and Varanasi. Ground water pollution has occurred due to high concentrations of heavy/toxic metals, fluoride and nitrates at different parts of the country.

Question 1.

Why the available water resources are degrading rapidly?

(A) Border conflicts
(B) Concentration of pollutants is very high
(C) Drying up of water bodies
(D) None of the Above
Answer:
(B) Concentration of pollutants is very high

Explanation:
Water pollution happens when toxic substances enter water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and so on, getting dis-solved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on the bed. This degrades the quality of water.

Question 2.

What is the main role of CPCB?

(A) Environmental assessments and research
(B) Maintaining national standards under a variety of environmental laws
(C) conduct monitoring of water quality
(D) All of the Above
Answer:
(D) All of the Above

Explanation:
The primary objective/goal of the CPCB is to promote cleanliness and restore wholesomeness of water in wells and streams.

Quesrtion 3.

When was the CPCB established?

(A) 1964
(B) 1974
(C) 1984
(D) 1994
Answer:
(B) 1974

Explanation:
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), statutory organisation, was constituted in September, 1974.

Question 4.

Why does the concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season?

(A) Due to high flow of water
(B) Due to high precipitation level
(C) Due to low flow of water
(D) Due to increased industrial use
AnsweR:
(C) Due to low flow of water

Explanation:
The drains carrying agricultural (fertilizers and insecticides), domestic (solid and liquid wastes), and industrial effluents join the rivers. The concentration of pollutants in rivers, especially remains very high during the summer season when flow of water is low.

II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Ralegan Siddhi is a small village in the district of Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. It has become an example for watershed development throughout the country. In 1975, this village was caught in a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade. The transformation took place when a retired army personnel, settled down in the village and took up the task of watered development. He convinced villagers about the importance of family planning and voluntary labour; preventing open grazing, felling trees, and liquor prohibition.

Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids. “It socialised the costs of the projects”, explained the activist. Even those who were working outside the village contributed to the development by committing a month’s salary every year. Work began with the percolation tank constructed in the village. In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked. People voluntarily repaired the embankment. The seven wells below it swelled with water in summer for the first time in the living memory of the people. The people reposed their faith in him and his visions.

A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability. Liquor distilling units were removed and prohibition imposed. Open grazing was completely banned with a new emphasis on stall-feeding. The cultivation of water-intensive crops like sugarcane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil seeds and certain cash crops with low water requirements were encouraged. All elections to local bodies began to be held on the basis of consensus.

“It made the community leaders complete representatives of the people.” A system of Nyay Panchayats (informal courts) were also set up. Since then, no case has been referred to the police. A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village. No donations were taken. Money, if needed, was borrowed and paid back. The villagers took pride in this self-reliance. A new system of sharing labour grew out of this infusion of pride and voluntary spirit. People volunteered to help each other in agricultural operation. Landless labourers also gained employment. Today the village plans to buy land for them in adjoining villages.

At present, water is adequate; agriculture is flourishing, though the use of fertilizers and pesticides is very high. The prosperity also brings the question of ability of the present generation to carry on the work after the leader of the movement who declared that, “The process of Ralegan’s evolution to an ideal village will not stop. With changing times, people tend to evolve new ways. In future, Ralegan might present a different model to the country.”

Question 1.

In which state is Ralegan Siddhi situated?

(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Maharashtra
(D) Arunachal Pradesh
Answer:
(C) Maharashtra

Explanation:
Ralegan Siddhi is a small village 1 of Ahmadnagar district, Maharashtra, India.

Question 2.

What happened to the embankment wall in 1975?

(A) Fell down
(B) Leaked
(C) Held steady
(D) Destroyed by terrorists
Answer:
(B) Leaked

Explanation:
In 1975, the tank could not hold water. The embankment wall leaked.

Question 3.

What name was given to the youth group formed?

(A) Youth Ekta
(B) Yuva Mandal
(C) Tarun Mandal
(D) Students to Soldiers
Answer:
(C) Tarun Mandal

Explanation:
A youth group called Tarun Mandal was formed. The group worked to ban the dowry system, caste discrimination and untouchability.

Question 4.

How much donation was arranged to construct school building?

(A) Nil
(B) Rs. 10 lakhs
(C) Rs. 20 lakhs
(D) Rs. 22 lakhs
Answer:
(A) Nil

Explanation:
A Rs. 22 lakh school building was constructed using only the resources of the village.

OR

Question 1.

Ralegan Siddhi is an example of:

(A) Rainwater harvesting
(B) Watershed development
(C) Afforestation
(D) Social security
Answer:
(B) Watershed development

Explanation:
Watershed development refers to the conservation; regeneration and the judicious use of all the natural resources particularly land, water, vegetation and animals and human development.

Question 2.

Which trade proliferated in the village in mid 1970s?

(A) Smuggling
(B) Illicit liquor
(C) Trafficking
(D) Black marketing
Answer:
(B) Illicit liquor

Explanation:
In 1975, this village was caught in f a web of poverty and illicit liquor trade.

Question 3.

What was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on government?

(A) Voluntary aid
(B) Voluntary capital
(C) Voluntary land
(D) Voluntary labour
Answer:
(D) Voluntary labour

Explanation:
Voluntary labour was necessary to ensure minimum dependence on the government for financial aids.

Question 4.

The term Nyaya Panchayats refers to:

(A) Formal courts
(B) Informal courts
(C) Formal police
(D) Informal police
Answer:
(B) Informal courts

Explanation:
Nyaya Panchayat is a part of the Panchayat system which is formed to setile disputes among the villagers. ;

III. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow: u1 Watershed management basically refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources. It involves prevention of runoff and storage and recharge of groundwater through various methods like percolation tanks, recharge wells, etc. However, in broad sense watershed management includes conservation, regeneration and judicious use of all resources natural (like land, water, plants and animals) and human with in a watershed.

Watershed management aims at bringing about balance between natural resources on the one hand and society on the other. The success of watershed development largely depends upon comm u nih’ participation. The Central and State Governments have initiated many watershed development and management programmes in the country. Some of these are being implemented by non-governmental organisations

also. Haryali watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation. Neeru- Meeru (Water and You) programme (in Andhra Pradesh) and Arvary Pani Sansad (in Alwar, Rajasthan) have taken up constructions of various water-harvesting structures such as percolation tanks, dug out ponds (Johad), check dams, etc., through people’s participation.

Question 1.

basically, refers to efficient management and conservation of surface and groundwater resources.

(A) Rainwater harvesting
(B) Watershed management
(C) Watershed conservation
(D) Watershed initiation
Answer:
(B) Watershed management

Explanation:
Watershed management is the process of creating and implementing plans, programs and projects to sustain and enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal, and human communities.

Question 2.

The success of watershed development largely depends upon :

(A) Community participation
(B) Government policies
(C) State Government involvement
(D) Community isolation
Answer:
(A) Community participation

Explanation:
The key to the success of any watershed project and its sustainability depends on people’s participation.

Question 3.

Who has sponsored the Project Haryali?

(A) State Government
(B) Zila Parishad
(C) Central Government
(D) District Magistrate
Answer:
(C) Central Government

Explanation:
Hariyali is a watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government.

Question 4.

The concept of envisages creation of awareness amongst the people to ensure their participation and to facilitate conservation efforts of various government departments.

(A) Neeru-Meeru
(B) Haryali
(C) Arvary Pani Sansad
(D) Watershed
Answer:
(A) Neeru-Meeru

Explanation:
Poverty eradication by Neeru-Meeru, an initiative undertaken by government of Andhra Pradesh.

MCQ Questions for Class 12 Geography with Answers