ICSE Class 10

Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities (Including Trigonometrical Ratios of Complementary Angles and Use of Four Figure Trigonometrical Tables) Ex 21C

These Solutions are part of Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions. Here we have given Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21C.

Other Exercises

• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21A
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21B
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21C
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21D
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21E

Question 1.
Show that:
(i) tan 10° tan 15° tan 75° tan 80° = 1
(ii) sin 42° sec 48°+cos 42° cosec 48°= 2

Solution:
(i) tan 10° tan 15° tan 75° tan 80°= 1
L.H.S. = tan 10° tan 15° tan 75° tan 80°
= tan (90° – 80°) tan (90° – 75°) tan 75° tan 80°
= cot 80° cot 75° tan 75° tan 80°
= tan 80° cot 80° x tan 75° cot 75°
= 1 x 1 = 1= R.H.S. (∵ tan A cot A = 1)
(ii) sin 42° sec 48°+ cos 42° cosec 48°= 2
L.H.S. = sin 42° sec 48°+ cos 42° cosec 48°
= sin 42° sec (90° – 42°) + cos 42° cosec (90° – 42°)
= sin 42° cosec 42°+ cos 42° sec 42°
=1 + 1=2 R.H.S. (∵ sin A cosec A=1, cos A sec A=1)

Question 2.
Express each of the following in terms of angles between 0°and 45°.
(i) sin 59° + tan 63°
(ii) cosec 68° + cot 72°
(iii) cos 74° + sec 67°
Solution:
(i) sin 59° + tan 63°
= sin (90° – 31°) + tan (90° – 27°)
= cos 31°+ cot 27°
(ii) cosec 68° + cot 72°
= cosec (90° – 22°) + cot (90° – 18°)
= sec 22°+ tan 18°
(iii) cos 74°+ sec 67°
= cos (90° – 16°) + sec (90° – 23°)
= sin 16°+ cosec 23°

Question 3.
Show that:

Solution:

Question 4.
For triangle ABC, Show that:

Solution:

Question 5.
Evaluate:

Solution:

Question 6.

Solution:

Question 7.
Find (in each case, given below) the value of x, if:
(i) sin x = sin 60° cos 30° – cos 60° sin 30°
(ii) sin x = sin 60° cos 30° + cos 60° sin 30°
(iii) cos x = cos 60° cos 30° – sin 60° sin 30°

(v) sin 2x = 2 sin 45° cos 45° 
(vi) sin 3x = 2 sin 30° cos 30°
(vii) cos (2x – 6°) = cos² 30° – cos² 60°
Solution:

Question 8.
In each case, given below, find the value of angle A, where 0° ≤ A ≤ 90°.
(i) sin (90° – 3A). cosec 42° = 1
(ii) cos (90° – A). sec 77° = 1
Solution:

Question 9.
Prove that:

Solution:

Question 10.
Evaluate:

Solution:

Question 11.
Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate sin² 34° + sin² 56° + 2 tan 18° tan 72° – cot² 30°.
Solution:

Question 12.
Without using trigonometrical tables, evaluate: cosec² 57° – tan² 33° + cos 44° cosec 46° – \( \sqrt{2} \) cos45°- tan² 60°
Solution:

Hope given Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21C are helpful to complete your math homework.

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Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities (Including Trigonometrical Ratios of Complementary Angles and Use of Four Figure Trigonometrical Tables) Ex 21B

These Solutions are part of Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions. Here we have given Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21B.

Other Exercises

• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21A
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21B
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21C
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21D
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21E

Question 1.
Prove that: 

Solution:

Solution:

Solution:

Solution:

Solution:

Solution:

Solution:

Question 2.
If xcosA + ysinA = m and xsinA-ycosA = n, then prove that: x²+y² = m² + n²
Solution:
x cos A + y sin A = m    …(i)
x sin A – y cos A = n     ….(ii)
squaring (i) and (ii)
x² cos² A + y² sin² A + 2 xy cosA sinA = m²
x² sin² A + y² cos² A – 2 xy cos A sin A = n²
Adding we get,
x² (sin² A + cos² A) + y² (sin² A + cos² A) = m²+n²
∴ x²+y² = m² + n²(∵ sin²A + cos²A= 1)
Hence proved.

Question 3.
If m = a sec A +b tan A and n=atanA + bsecA, then prove that: m²-n² = a²-b²
Solution:
m = asec A + btan A         ……(i)
n = a tan A + b sec A       …..(ii)
squaring (i) and (ii)
m² = a² sec² A + b² tan² A + 2ab sec A tan A
n² = a² tan² A + b² sec² A + 2 ab tan A sec A
Subtracting, we get
m² – n² = a² (sec² A – tan² A) + b² (tan² A – sec² A)
= a²x 1 +b²(-1) = a²-b² ( ∵ sec²A-tan²A= 1)  .
Henceproved

Question 4.
If x = r sin A cos B, y = r sin A sin B and z = r cos A, then prove that: x² + y² + z² = r.
Solution:
x = r sin A cos B      ….(i)
y = r sin A sin B      ….(ii)
z = r cosA               …….(iii)
Squaring, (i), (ii) & (iii)
x²=r² sin² A cos² B,
y² = r²sin²Asin²B,
z² = r²cos²A
Adding, we get,
x²+y² + z²=r² (sin²A cos²E + sin² A sin² B+cos²A)
= r[sin²A (cos² B + sin²B) + cos²A]
= r [sin² A x 1 + cos² A]
= r² [sin² A + cos² A] = r² x 1  = r²        ( ∵ sin² A + cos² A = 1)
Hence proved.

Question 5.
If sin A + cos A = m and sec A + cosec A=n, show that n (m²-1) = 2m
Solution:

Question 6.
If x = r cos A cos B, y = r cos A sin B and z = r sin A, show that x² + y² + z² = r²
Solution:
x = r cosAcosB              ….(i)
y = r cosAsinB             ….(ii)
z = r sinA                 ….(iii)
Squaring (i), (ii), (iii)
x² = r² cos² A cos² B, y² = r² cos² A sin²B
z² = r²sin²A
Adding, we get
x² + y² + z² = r² (cos² A cos²B + cos² A sin² B + sin² A)
= r² [cos² A (cos² B + sin²B) + sin² A]
= r²[cos²Ax 1+sin²A]
= r² (1) = r^{2    `}Hence proved.

Question 7.

Solution:

P.Q.

Solution:

P.Q.
Evaluate:

Solution:

Hope given Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21B are helpful to complete your math homework.

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Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 15 Similarity (With Applications to Maps and Models) Ex 15A

These Solutions are part of Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions. Here we have given Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 15 Similarity Ex 15A.

Other Exercises

• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 15 Similarity Ex 15A
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 15 Similarity Ex 15B
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 15 Similarity Ex 15C
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 15 Similarity Ex 15D
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 15 Similarity Ex 15E

Question 1.
In the figure, given below, straight lines AB and CD intersect at P; and AC || BD. Prove that:
(i) ΔAPC and ΔBPD are similar.
(ii) If BD = 2.4 cm AC = 3.6 cm, PD = 4.0 cm and PB = 3.2 cm; find the lengths of PA and PC.

Solution:
Two line segments AB and CD intersect each other at P.
AC || BD To prove:
(i) ΔAPC ~ ΔBPD
(ii) If BD = 2.4cm, AC = 3.6cm, PD = 4.0 cm and PB = 3.2, find length of PA and PC
Proof:
(i) In ΔAPC and ΔAPD
∠APC = ∠BPD (Vertically opp. angles)
∠PAC = ∠PBD (Alternate angles)
ΔAPC ~ ΔBPD (AA axiom)

Question 2.
In a trapezium ABCD, side AB is parallel to side DC; and the diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at point P. Prove that:
(i) ΔAPB is similar to ΔCPD.
(ii) PA x PD = PB x PC.
Solution:
In trapezium ABCD AB || DC
Diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at P.

To prove:
(i) ΔAPB ~ ΔCPD.
(ii) PA x PD= PB x PC.
Proof: In ΔAPB and ΔCPD
∠APB = ∠CPD (Vertically opposite angles)
∠PAB = ∠PCD (Alternate angles)
ΔAPB ~ ΔCPD (AA axiom)
\(\frac { PA }{ PC }\) = \(\frac { PB }{ PD }\)
=> PA x PD = PB x PC
Hence proved.

Question 3.
P is a point on side BC of a parallelogram ABCD. If DP produced meets AB produced at point L, prove that:
(i) DP : PL = DC : BL.
(ii) DL : DP = AL : DC.
Solution:
P is a point on side BC of a parallelogram ABCD.
DP is produced to meet AB produced at L.

To prove:
(i) DP : PL = DC : BL
(ii) DL : DP = AL : DC.
Proof:
(i) In ΔBPL and ΔCPD
∠BPL = ∠CPD (Vertically opposite angles)
∠PBL = ∠PCD (Alternate angles)
ΔBPL ~ ΔCPD (AA axiom)

Question 4.
In quadrilateral ABCD, the diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at point O. If AO = 2CO and BO = 2DO; show that:
(i) ΔAOB is similar to ΔCOD.
(ii) OA x OD = OB x OC.
Solution:
Given : In quadrilateral ABCD, diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at O.
AO = 2CO, BO = 2DO.
To prove:
(i) ΔAOB is similar to ΔCOD.
(ii) OA x OD = OB x OC.

Question 5.
In ΔABC, angle ABC is equal to twice the angle ACB, and bisector of angle ABC meets the opposite side at point P. Show that:
(i) CB : BA = CP : PA
(ii) AB x BC = BP x CA
Solution:
In ΔABC,
∠ABC = 2∠ACB
Bisector of ∠ABC meets AC in P.

To prove:
(i) CB : BA = CP : PA
(ii) AB x BC = BP x CA
Proof:
(i) In ΔABC,
BP is the bisector of ∠ABC

Question 6.
In ΔABC; BM ⊥ AC and CN ⊥ AB; show that:

Solution:
In ΔABC,
BM ⊥ AC and CN ⊥ AB
To prove:

Question 7.
In the given figure, DE // BC, AE = 15 cm, EC = 9 cm, NC = 6 cm and BN = 24 cm.
(i) Write all possible pairs of similar triangles.
(ii) Find lengths of ME and DM.

Solution:
In the given figure,
DE || BC
AE = 15 cm, EC = 9 cm NC = 6 cm and BN = 24 cm
(i) Write all the possible pairs of similar triangles.
(ii) Find lengths of ME and DM
Proof:
(i) In ΔABC
DE || BC
Pairs of similar triangles are
(a) ΔADE ~ ΔABC
(b) ΔADM ~ ΔABN
(c) ΔAME ~ ΔANC
(ii) ΔAME ~ ΔANC
and ΔADM ~ ΔABN

Question 8.
In the given figure, AD = AE and AD² = BD x EC
Prove that: triangles ABD and CAE are similar.

Solution:
In the given figure,
AD = AE
AD² = BD x EC
To prove: ΔABD ~ ΔCAE
Proof: In ΔADC, AD = AE
∠ADE = ∠AED (Angles opposite to equal sides)
But ∠ADE + ∠ADB = ∠AED + ∠AEC = 180°
∠ADB = ∠AEC
AD² = BD x EC

Question 9.
In the given figure, AB // DC, BO = 6 cm and DQ = 8 cm; find: BP x DO.

Solution:
In the given figure, AB || DC,
BO = 6 cm, DQ = 8 cm
Find BP x DO
In ΔODQ and ΔOPB
∠DOQ = ∠POB (Vertically opposite angles)
∠DQO = ∠OPB (Alternate angles)

Question 10.
Angle BAC of triangle ABC is obtuse and AB = AC. P is a point in BC such that PC = 12 cm. PQ and PR are perpendiculars to sides AB and AC respectively. If PQ = 15 cm and PR = 9 cm; find the length of PB.
Solution:
In ΔABC, ∠ABC is an obtused angle,
AB =AC
P is a point on BC such that PC = 12 cm
PQ and PR are perpendiculars to the sides AB and AC respectively.
PQ = 15 cm and PR = 9 cm

Question 11.
State, true or false :
(i) Two similar polygons are necessarily congruent
(ii) Two congruent polygons are necessarily similar.
(iii) All equiangular triangles are similar.
(iv) All isosceles triangles are similar.
(v) Two isosceles-right triangles are similar.
(vi) Two isosceles triangles are similar, if an angle of one is congruent to the corresponding angle of the other.
(vii) The diagonals of a trapezium, divide each other into proportional segments.
Solution:
(i) False,
(ii) True,
(iii) True,
(iv) False,
(v) True,
(vi) True,
(vii) True.

Question 12.

Solution:

Question 13.
D is a point on the side BC of triangle ABC such that angle ADC is equal to angle BAC. Prove that CA² = CB x CD.
Solution:

Question 14.
In the given figure, ΔABC and ΔAMP are right angled at B and M respectively.
Given AC = 10 cm, AP = 15 cm and PM = 12 cm.
(i) Prove ΔABC ~ ΔAMP
(ii) Find AB and BC.
Solution:
(i) In ΔABC and ΔAMP,
∠A = ∠A (Common)
∠ABC = ∠AMP (Each = 90°)

From right triangle ABC, we have
AC² = AB² + BC² (Pythagoras Theorem)
⇒ 10² = AB² + 8²
⇒ 100 = AB² + 64
⇒ AB² = 100 – 64 = 36
⇒ AB = 6 cm
Hence, AB = 6 cm, BC = 8 cm

Question 15.
Given : RS and PT are altitudes of ΔPQR prove that:
(i) ΔPQT ~ ΔQRS,
(ii) PQ x QS = RQ x QT.
Solution:
Proof: In ΔPQT and ΔQRS,
∠PTQ = ∠RSQ (Each = 90°)
∠Q = ∠Q (Common)
ΔPQT ~ ΔQRS (AA postulate)

Question 16.
Given : ABCD is a rhombus, DPR and CBR are straight lines.

Prove that: DP x CR = DC x PR.
Solution:
Proof: In ΔAPD and ΔPRC
∠DPA = ∠CPR (Vertically opposite angles)
∠PAD = ∠PCR (Alternate angles)
ΔAPD ~ ΔPRC (AA Postulate)

Question 17.
Given: FB = FD, AE ⊥ FD and FC ⊥ AD.
Prove : \(\frac { FB }{ AD }\) = \(\frac { BC }{ ED }\)
Solution:

Question 18.
In ΔPQR, ∠Q = 90° and QM is perpendicular to PR, Prove that:
(i) PQ² = PM x PR
(ii) QR² = PR x MR
(iii) PQ² + QR² = PR²
Solution:
Given: In ΔPQR, ∠Q =90°
QM ⊥ PR.
To Prove:
(i) PQ2 = PM x PR
(ii) QR2 = PR x MR
(iii) PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
Proof: In ΔPQM and ΔPQR,
∠QMP = ∠PQR (each = 90°)
∠P = ∠P (Common)
ΔPQM ~ ΔPQR (AA postulate)

Question 19.
In ΔABC, ∠B = 90° and BD x AC.
(i) If CD = 10 cm and BD = 8 cm; find AD.
(ii) If AC = 18 cm and AD = 6 cm; find BD.
(iii) If AC = 9 cm, AB = 7 cm; find AD.
Solution:
In ΔABC, ∠B = 90°
∠A + ∠C = 90° …….(i)
and in ΔBDC, ∠D = 90°
∠CBD + ∠C = 90° ….(ii)
From (i) and (ii)
∠A + ∠C = ∠CBD + ∠C
∠A = ∠CBD
Similarly ∠C = ∠ABD
Now in ΔABD and ΔCBD,
∠A = ∠CBD and ∠ABD = ∠C
ΔABD ~ ΔCBD (AA Postulate)

Question 20.
In the figure, PQRS is a parallelogram with PQ = 16 cm and QR = 10 cm. L is a point on PR such that RL : LP = 2 : 3. QL produced meets RS at M and PS produced at N.

Find the lengths of PN and RM. [1997]
Solution:
In ΔLNP and ΔRLQ
∠LNP = ∠LQR (Alternate angles)
∠NLP = ∠QLR (Vertically opposite angles)
ΔLNP ~ ΔRLQ (AA Postulate)

Question 21.
In quadrilateral ABCD, diagonals AC and BD intersect at point E. Such that AE : EC = BE : ED. Show that ABCD is a parallelogram.
Solution:
Given : In quadrilateral ABCD, diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at E and

∠AEB = ∠CED (Vertically opposite angles)
ΔAEB ~ ΔCED (SAS axiom)
∠EAB = ∠ECB
∠EBA = ∠CDE
But, these are pairs of alternate angles
AB || CD …..(i)
Similarly we can prove that
AD || BC …..(ii)
from (i) and (ii)
ABCD is a parallelogram.

Question 22.
In ΔABC, AD is perpendicular to side BC and AD² = BD x DC. Show that angle BAC = 90°

Solution:
Given: In ΔABC, AD x BC and AD² = BD x DC
To Prove: ∠BAC = 90°
Proof:

Question 23.
In the given figure AB || EF || DC; AB = 67.5 cm. DC = 40.5 cm and AE = 52.5 cm.

(i) Name the three pairs of similar triangles.
(ii) Find the lengths of EC and EF.
Solution:
(i) In the figure AB || EF || DC
There are three pairs of similar triangles.
(i) ΔAEB ~ ΔDEC
(ii) ΔABC ~ ΔEEC
(iii) ΔBCD ~ ΔEBF
(ii) ΔAEB ~ ΔDEC

Question 24.
In the given figure, QR is parallel to AB and DR is parallel to QB.

Prove that PQ² = PD x PA.
Solution:
Given: In the figure QR || AB mid DR || QB.
To Prove: PQ² = PD x PA
Proof— In ΔPQB,
DR || QB (given)

Question 25.
Through the mid-point M of the side CD of a parallelogram ABCD, the line BM is drawn intersecting diagonal AC in L and AD produced in E.
Prove that : EL = 2 BL.
Solution:

Given: In ||gm. ABCD, M is the mid-point A of CD.
AC is the diagonal.
BM is joined and produced meeting AD produced in E and, intersecting AC in L.
To Prove: EL = 2 BL.
Proof: In ΔEDM, and ΔMBC,
DM = MC (M is mid-point of DC)
∠EMD = ∠CMD (vertically opposite angles)
∠EDM = ∠MCB (Alternate angles)
ΔEDM = ΔMBC (ASA postulate of congruency)
ED = CB = AD (c. p. c. t.)
EA = 2 AD = 2 BC
AB = BC (opposite sides of II gm)
∠DEM = ∠MBC (c. p. c. t.)
Now in ΔELA and ΔBLC,
∠ELA = ∠BLC (vertically opposite angles)
∠DEM or ∠AEL = ∠LBC (proved)
ΔELA ~ ΔBLC (AA postulate)

Question 26.
In the figure given below P is a point on AB such that AP : PB = 4 : 3. PQ is parallel to AC.

(i) Calculate the ratio PQ : AC, giving reason for your answer.
(ii) In triangle ARC, ∠ARC = 90° and in triangle PQS, ∠PSQ = 90°.
Given QS = 6 cm, calculate the length of AR. [1999]
Solution:
Given: In ΔABC, P is a point on AB such that AP : PB = 4 : 3
and PQ || AC is drawn meeting BC in Q.
CP is joined and QS ⊥ CP and AR ⊥ CP
To Find:
(i) Calculate the ratio between PQ : AC giving reason.
(ii) In ΔARC ∠ARC= 90°
and In ΔPQS, ∠PSQ = 90°, if QS = 6 cm, calculate AR.
proof:
(i) In ΔABC, PQ || AC.

Question 27.
In the right angled triangle QPR, PM is an altitude.

Given that QR = 8 cm and MQ = 3.5 cm. Calculate, the value of PR.
Given: In right angled ΔQPR, ∠P = 90° PM ⊥ QR, QR = 8 cm, MQ = 3.5 cm. Calculate PR [2000]
Solution:
In ΔPQM and ΔQPR,
∠PMQ = ∠QPR (each = 90°)
∠Q = ∠Q (common)
ΔPQM ~ ΔQPR (AA postulate)

Question 28.
In the figure given below, the medians BD and CE of a triangle ABC meet at G.
Prove that
(i) ΔEGD ~ ΔCGB
(ii) BG = 2 GD from (i) above.

Solution:
Given: In ΔABC, BD and CE are the medians of sides AC and AB respectively which intersect each at G.
To Prove:
(i) ΔEGD ~ ΔCGB
(ii) BG = 2 GD.
Proof: D and E are the mid points of AC and AB respectively.

Hope given Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 15 Similarity Ex 15A are helpful to complete your math homework.

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Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities (Including Trigonometrical Ratios of Complementary Angles and Use of Four Figure Trigonometrical Tables) Ex 21A

These Solutions are part of Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions. Here we have given Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21A.

Other Exercises

• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21A
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21B
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21C
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21D
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21E

Prove the following Identities :
Question 1.

Solution:

Question 2.

Solution:

Question 3.

Solution:

Question 4.

Solution:

Question 5.
sin⁴A – cos⁴ A = 2 sin²A-1 
Solution:
L.H.S. = sin⁴ A – cos⁴A = (sin²A)²-(cos²A)²
= (sin²A + cos²A) (sin²A – cos²A)     [(a² – b² = (a + b) (a – b)]
= 1 (sin² A – cos²A) [∵ sin²A + cos²A = 1]
= sin² A – (1- sin²A) (∵ cos²A = 1 – sin²A)
= sin² A – 1 + sin² A
= 2 sin²A-1 = R.H.S.

Question 6.
(1 – tan A)² + (1 + tanA)² = 2sec²A
Solution:
LHS = (1 -tanA)² + (1 +tanA)²
= 1 + tan² A- 2 tan A + 1 + tan² A + 2 tanA
= 2 + 2 tan² A = 2 (1+tan²A)
= 2 sec²A (∵ l+tan²A=sec²A)
= R.H.S.

Question 7.
Cosec⁴ A – cosec² A = cot⁴ A + cot² A
Solution:
L.H.S. = cosec⁴ A -cosec² A
= (cosec²A)² – cosec²A
= (1 + cot²A)² – (1 + cot²A)
= 1 + cot⁴ A + 2 cot²A – 1- cot²A
= cot⁴ A + cot² A = R.H.S.

Question 8.
sec A (1-sin A) (sec A + tan A) = 1
Solution:

Question 9.
cosec A (1 + cos A) (cosec A – cot A) = 1
Solution:

Question 10.
sec² A + cosec²A = sec² A cosec² A
Solution:

Question 11.

Solution:

Question 12.
tan²A – sin²A = tan² A. sin² A
Solution:

Question 13.
cot² A – cos² A = cos² A. cot² A
Solution:

Question 14.
(cosecA + sinA) (cosec A – sinA) = cot² A + cos²A
Solution:
L.H.S. = (cosec A + sin A) (cosec A – sin A)
= (cosec²A – sin² A) [∵ (a + b) (a – b) = a²– b²]
= 1 + cot² A – sin² A = cot² A + 1 – sin²A
= cot² A + cos² A (∵ 1-sin²A = cos² A)
= R.H.S.

Question 15.
(sec A – cosA) (sec A + cosA) = sin² A + tan²A
Solution:
L.H.S. = (sec A-cos A) (sec A + cos A)
= sec² A – cos² A
= 1 + tan²A-cos² A
= 1-cos² A + tan² A
= sin² A + tan² A  (∵ 1- cos²A=sin²A)
= R.H.S.

Question 16.
(cos A + sin A)² + (cos A – sin A)² = 2
Solution:
LHS = (cos A + sin A)² + (cos A – sin A)²
= cos² A + sin² A + 2 cos A sin A + cos² A + sin² A – 2 cos A sin A
= 2 sin² A + 2 cos² A
= 2 (sin²A+cos²A)
= 2 x 1=2 = R.H.S. (∵ sin²A + cos² A = 1)

Question 17.
(cosec A – sin A) (sec A – cos A) (tan A + cot A) = 1
Solution:

Question 18.

Solution:

Question 19.

Solution:

Question 20.

Solution:

Question 21.
(sin A + cosec A)² + (cos A + sec A)² = 7 + tan² A + cot² A
Solution:
L.H.S. = (sin A + cosecA)² + (cosA+ secA)²
= sin² A + cosec² A + 2 sin A cosec A + cos² A + sec² A + 2 cos A sec A
= sin² A+cosec² A+2 sin A x \(\frac { 1 }{ sinA }\) + cos² A+sec²A + 2cosA x \(\frac { 1 }{ cosA }\)
= sin²A + cos² A + cosec² A + sec²A+ 2 + 2   (∵ sin² A + cos²A= 1)
= 1 +cosec²A + sec²A + 4
= (1 + cot² A) + (1 + tan² A) + 5 [∵ cosec²A = 1 + cot² A and sec² A = 1 + tan²A]
= 1 + cot² A + 1 + tan² A + 5
= 7 + tan²A + cot²A = R.H.S.

Question 22.
sec²A. cosec²A = tan²A + cot²A + 2
Solution:

Question 23.

Solution:

Question 24.

Solution:

Question 25.

Solution:

Question 26.

Solution:

Question 27.

Solution:

Question 28.

Solution:

Question 29.

Solution:

Question 30.

Solution:

Question 31.

Solution:

Question 32.

Solution:

Question 33.

Solution:

Question 34.

Solution:

Question 35.

Solution:

Question 36.

Solution:

Question 37.

Solution:

Question 38.
(1 +cot A-cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2
Solution:

Question 39.

Solution:

Question 40.

Solution:

Question 41.

Solution:

Question 42.

Solution:

Question 43.

Solution:

Question 44.

Solution:

Question 45.

Solution:

Question 46.

Solution:

Question 47.

Solution:

Question 48.

Solution:

Hope given Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 21 Trigonometrical Identities Ex 21A are helpful to complete your math homework.

If you have any doubts, please comment below. Learn Insta try to provide online math tutoring for you.

Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 22 Heights and Distances Ex 22C

These Solutions are part of Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions. Here we have given Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 22 Heights and Distances Ex 22C

Other Exercises

• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 22 Heights and Distances Ex 22A
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 22 Heights and Distances Ex 22B
• Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 22 Heights and Distances Ex 22C

Question 1.
Find AD.

Solution:

Question 2.
In the following diagram.
AB is a floor-board. PQRS is a cubical box with each edge = 1 m and ∠B = 60°. Calculate the length of the board AB.

Solution:

Question 3.
Calculate BC.

Solution:

Question 4.
Calculate AB .

Solution:

Question 5.
The radius of a circle is given as 15cm and chord AB subtends an angle of 131° at the centre C of the circle. Using trigonometry, Calculate :
(i) the length of AB;
(ii) the distance of AB from the centre C.
Solution:
Chord AD substends an angle of 131° at the centre. Join CA, CB and draw CD ⊥ AB which bisects AB at D.
(In ∆CAB)
∵ CA = CB (radii of the same circle)
∴ ∠CAB = ∠CBA
But ∠CAB + ∠CBA = 180°- 131° = 49°

Question 6.
At a point on level ground, the angle of elevation of a vertical tower is found to be such that its tangent is \(\frac { 5 }{ 12 }\). On walking 192 metres towards the tower; the tangent of the angle is found to be \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 }\). Find the height of the tower.
Solution:

Question 7.
A vertical tower stands on horizontal plane and is surmounted by a vertical flagstaff of height h metre. At a point on the plane, the angle of elevation of the bottom of the flagstaff is a and that of the top of flagstaff is β. Prove that the height of the tower is :

Solution:

Question 8.
With reference to the given figure, a man stands on the ground at point A, which is on the same horizontal plane as B, the foot of the vertical pole BC. The height of the pole is 10 m.
The man’s eye is 2 m above the ground. He observes the angle of elevation of C. The top of the pole, as x°, where tan x° = \(\frac { 2 }{ 5 }\) . calculate:

(i) the distance AB in m;
(ii) the angle of elevation of the top of the pole
when he is standing 15 m from the pole. Give your answer to the nearest degree. [1999]
Solution:

Question 9.
The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points on the ground at distances a and b metres from the base of the tower and in the same striaght line with it are complementary.Prove that height of the tower is \( \sqrt{ab} \) metre.
Solution:

Question 10.
From a window A. 10 m above the ground the angle of elevation of the top C of a tower is x°, where tan x = \(\frac { 5 }{ 2 }\) and the angle of depression of the foot D of the tower is y°, where tany° = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\).(See the figure given below). Calculate the height CD of the tower in metres. [2000]

Solution:
Let CD be the height of the tower and height of window A from the ground = 10m
In right ∆AEC,

Question 11.
A vertical tower is 20 m high, A man standing at some distance from the tower knows that the cosine of the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 0.53. How far is he standing from the foot of the tower ? [2001]
Solution:

Question 12.
A man standing on the bank of a river observes that the angle of elevation of a tree on the opposite bank is 60°. When he moves 50 m away from the bank, he finds the angle of elevation to be 30°. Calculate :
(i) the width of the river and
(ii) the height of the tree.
Solution:

Let TR be the tree of height x m and y be the width AR of the river,
then ∠B = 30° and A = ∠60° , AB = 50 m.
Now in right ∆ATR,

Question 13.
A 20 m high vertical pole and a vertical tower are on the same level ground in such a way that the angle of elevation of the top of the tower, as seen from the foot of the pole, is 60° and the angle of elevation of the top of the pole as seen from the foot of the tower is 30°. Find
(i) the height of the tower.
(ii) the horizontal distance between the pole and the tower.
Solution:
Let PQ is the pole and TS is the tower. PQ = 20 m.
Let TS = h and QS = x Angles of elevation from Q to T A T is 60° and from S to P is 30°.
In the ∆PQS

Question 14.
A vertical pole and a vertical tower are on the same level ground in such a way that from the top of the pole the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 60° and the angle of depression of the bottom of the tower is 30°.
Find : (i) the height of the tower, if the height of the pole is 20m;
(ii) the height of the pole, if the height of the tower is 75 m.
Solution:
Let PQ is the pole and TW is the tower
Angle of elevation from T to P is 60° and angle of depression from P to W is 30°
∴ ∠PWQ = 30° = ∠RPW ( ∠ Altanate angles)
(i) In first case when height of pole OQ = 20m, Then in right ∆ PQW

Question 15.
From a point, 36 m above the surface of a lake, the angle of elevation of a bird is observed to be 30° and angle of depression of its image in the water of the lake is observed to be 60°. Find the actual height of the bird above the surface of the lake.
Solution:
Let AQ is the sea-level
P is a point 36 m above sea-level
∴ PQ = 36
Let B be the bird and R is its reflection in the water and angle of elevation of the bird B at P is 30° and angle of depression of the reflection of the bird at R is 60°

Question 16.

Solution:

Question 17.
As observed from the top of a 80 m tall lighthouse, the angles of depression of two ships, on the same side of the light house in horizontal line with its base , are 30° and 40° respectively . Find the distance between the two ships.Give your answer correct to the nearest meter. [2012]
Solution:

Question 18.
In the figure given, from the top of a building AB = 60 m high, the angles of depression of the top and bottom of a vertical lamp post CD are observed to be 30° and 60° respectively. Find :

(i) the horizontal distance between AB and CD.
(it) the height of the lamp post.
Solution:

Question 19.
An aeroplane at an altitude of 250 m observes the angle of depression of two boats on the opposite banks of a river to be 45° and 60° respectively. Find the width of the river. Write the answer correct to the nearest whole number. (2014)
Solution:

Question 20.
The horizontal distance between two towers is 120 m. The angle of elevation of the top and angle of depression of the bottom of the first tower as observed from the top of the second tower is 30° and 24° respectively. Find the height of the two towers. Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures. (2015)

Solution:
AB and CD are two towers which are 120 m apart
i.e. BD= 120m
Angles of elevation of the top and angle of depression of bottom of the first tower observed from the top of second tower is 30° and 24°

Hope given Selina Concise Mathematics Class 10 ICSE Solutions Chapter 22 Heights and Distances Ex 22C are helpful to complete your math homework.

If you have any doubts, please comment below. Learn Insta try to provide online math tutoring for you.