English Summary

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

Animal Farm Chapter 6 Summary

Another year passes. The animals worked like slaves. They all believed that they were doing it for their own benefit and that’s why no one complained. The animals are asked to work Sunday afternoons as well. If anyone did not come then their ration would be reduced by half. The harvest was not so good and it was easy to predict that the winter would be a hard one.

Progress on the windmill is laborious and slow. The stones with which it is to be built have to be hauled to the top of the quarry and thrown from there to the bottom, so that the stones can be broken into the appropriate sizes. It takes until the end of the summer to accumulate enough stone to begin building the windmill work which depends almost entirely on the tremendous efforts of Boxer, who works himself harder than ever before.

As the work on the harvest and the windmill proceeds, the animals find themselves running out of supplies. Items such as paraffin, seeds, manure and machinery, could not be produced on the farm. This problem is resolved when Napoleon announces one day that Animal Farm will, henceforth, enter into trading arrangements with some of the surrounding farms.

Hay and wheat from the farm will be sold, and the hens are told that they will have to give up some of their eggs, a sacrifice that they should be proud to make. Some of the animals are doubtful about this move, seeming to remember an agreement in the early days after the Rebellion never to have anything to do with the humans. Again, Squealer puts any doubts to rest in the following days, informing them that such a resolution was never written down.

After this, Napoleon announced that no animal but he himself, will come in contact of the humans and would take the burden upon himself. Mr. Whymper, a solicitor living in Willingdon was appointed for this purpose. Squealer assured the animals that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money was a lie circulated by Snowball. The Solicitor comes every Monday, and his presence makes the other animals very uneasy, but their doubts are eased by their pride in seeing Napoleon giving orders to a human.

Shortly afterwards, the pigs move into the farmhouse. They eat in the kitchen, relax in the drawing room, and even sleep in the beds. Some of the animals are very doubtful about this. Clover consults the Seven Commandments on the gable wall, and asks Muriel to read out the fourth commandment, which states, “No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets”. Muriel cannot remember sheets being mentioned before. However, helped by the smooth words of Squealer, she assumes that she must have been wrong. She and the other animals accept his argument that the pigs, as the leaders, must have as much comfort as possible to facilitate their brain work. The pigs even started to sleep an extra hour.

The work on the windmill continues. The animals are all extremely proud of their progress, except for Benjamin, who expresses no opinion for or against the windmill. By November, the windmill is half finished. However, disaster strikes when a night time storm destroys it. The animals all gather around the ruin. Napoleon is silent for a long time, before making the sudden and dramatic announcement that the windmill was destroyed by Snowball. Some pig footprints leading away from the farm are discovered, and Napoleon confirms that they belong to Snowball. The other animals are shocked that their former leader could do such a thing. Napoleon announces that work on rebuilding the windmill will commence immediately.

Animal Farm Chapter 6 Summary Word Meanings

• Indignation – A feeling of righteous anger
• Intermediary – A negotiator who acts as a link between parties
• Scapegoat – Someone who is punished for the errors of others
• Vague – Lacking clarity or distinctness
• Accentuate – Stress or single out as important
• Malignity – The act of being evil in nature or effect
• Plod – Walk slowly with heavy steps
• Quarry – A place, typically a large deep pit, from which stone or other materials are extracted
• Boulder – A large rock
• Timidly – In a manner that shows a lack of courage or confidence

Animal Farm Chapter 6 Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
All that year the animals worked like slaves. But they were happy in their work, they grudged no effort or sacrifice, well aware that everything that they did was for the benefit of themselves and those of their kind who would come after them and not for a pack of idle thieving human beings. Throughout the spring and summer they worked a sixty-hours week, and in August.
(i) What did Napoleon announce in August ?
(ii) How much time had elapsed since the constitution of the Animal Farm? As summer wore on, what unforeseen shortages began to be felt ?
(iii) What new policy did Napoleon make? The new policy brought a vague uneasiness among the animals.
What did they recall?
(iv) Who had agreed to act as an intermediary between the Animal Farm and the outside world ? Describe him.
(v) What roused the pride of the animals and made them reconcile to the new arrangement? In the meanwhile, what sudden decision was taken by the pigs? What do we learn about Napoleon at this juncture?
Answer:
(i) In August, Napoleon announced that there would be work on Sunday afternoons as well. This work was strictly voluntary, but any animal who absented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half. Even so, it was found necessary to leave certain tasks undone.

(ii) As the summer wore on, various unforeseen shortages began to make themselves felt. There was need of paraffin oil, nails, string, dog biscuits, and iron for the horses’ shoes, none of which could be produced on the farm. Later there would also be need for seeds, artificial manures, besides various tools and, finally, the machinery for the windmill.

(iii) From now onwards, Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbouring farms : not, of course, for any commercial purpose, but simply in order to obtain certain materials which were urgently necessary. The need of the windmill must over-ride everything else, Napoleon said.

He was, therefore making arrangements to sell a stack of hay and part of the current year’s wheat crop, and later on, if more money was needed, it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs, for which there was always a market in Willingdon. The hens, said Napoleon, should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill. The animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness. Never to have any dealings with human beings, never to engage in trade, never to make use of money. All the animals remembered passing such resolutions or at least they thought that they remembered it.

(iv) Mr. Whimper, a solicitor living in Wellington, had agreed to act as an intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world, and would visit the farm every Monday morning to receive his instructions.He was a sly-looking little man with side whiskers, a solicitor in a very small way of business, but sharp enough to have realized earlier than anyone else that Animal Farm would need a broker and that the commissions would be worth having.

(v) The sight of Napoleon, on all fours, delivering orders to Whimper, who stood on two legs, roused their pride and partly reconciled them to the new arrangements. The pigs not only took their meals in the kitchen and used the drawing-room as a recreation room, but also slept in the beds. Napoleon was finding his ways by breaking Seven Commandments, one after another and for gaining total power, he was exploiting all animals the Animal Farm, and earning money out of it.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals’ minds rest.”
(i) What had taken place to disturb the animals’ peace of mind ?
(ii) What did Squealer say in order to put the animals’ mind at rest ?
(iii) Were the animals convinced with his argument ?
(iv) Which important development took place regarding the pigs immediately after this incident ?
(v) Do you think this incident violated any of the Seven Commandments? If yes, which Commandment was
violated?
Answer:
(i) Napoleon’s announcement of a new policy of trading with neighbouring farms for essential material disturbed the animals’ peace of mind, because dealing with human beings was against their early resolutions.

(ii) Squealer assured the animals that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed, or even suggested. It was pure imagination probably traceable in the beginning to the lies circulated by Snowball.

(iii) Few animals still felt faintly doubtful about the matter, but Squealer asked them shrewdly, “Are you certain that this is not something that you have dreamed, Comrades ? Have you any record of such a resolution ? Is it written down anywhere? “And since it was certainly true that nothing of the kind existed in writing, the animals were satisfied that they had been mistaken. This put all the animals’ mind at rest.

(iv) Around this time, it was noticed that the pigs suddenly moved into the farmhouse and took up their residence there. They ate in the kitchen, relaxed in the drawing room and slept in the beds.

(v) Yes, this incident had violated one of the Seven Commandments. It was the violation of the Fourth Commandment “No animal shall sleep in a bed”.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Once again the animals were conscious of a vague uneasiness. Never to have had not these been among the earliest resolutions passed at that first triumphant. Meeting after Jones was expelled ? All the animals remembered passing such resolutions : or at least they thought that they remembered it.
(i) Why were the animals feeling uneasy ?
(ii) What happened just after this extract ?
(iii) What were the Seven Commandments the animals abided by ?
(iv) The animals were feeling uneasy but Napoleon had already made arrangements. What arrangements had he made ?
(v) Just before the extract, what had Napoleon asked the hens to do ?
Answer:
(i) One Sunday morning, when the animals assembled to receive their orders, Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy. From now onwards, Animal Farm would engage in trade with the neighbouring farms. This announcement made the animals uneasy.

(ii) Just after this extract, the four young pigs who had protested when Napoleon abolished the meeting raised their voices timidly, but they were promptly silenced by a tremendous growling from the dogs. Then, as usual, the sheep broke into ‘Four legs good, two legs bad!’

(iii) The Seven Commandments of the Animal Farm were

• Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.
• Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend.
• No animal shall wear clothes.
• No animals shall sleep in a bed.
• No animal shall drink alcohol.
• No animal shall kill any other animal.
• All animals are equal.

(iv) Napoleon informed the other animals that there would be no need for any of the animals to come in contact with human beings, which would clearly be most undesirable. He intended to take the whole burden upon his own shoulders. Mr. Whymper, a solicitor living in Willingdon, had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world, and would visit the farm every Monday-morning to receive his instructions.

(v) Napoleon announced that the needs of the windmill would override everything. He was, therefore, making arrangements to sell a stack of hay and part of the current year’s wheat crop, and later on, if more money was needed, it would have to be made up by the sale of eggs, for which there was always a market in Willingdon. The hens, said Napoleon, should welcome this sacrifice as their own special contribution towards the building of the windmill.

Question 4.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
The windmill presented unexpected difficulties. There was a good quarry of limestone on the farm, and plenty of sand and cement had been problem the animals could not at first solve was how to break up the stone into pieces of suitable size.
(i) Who had presented the idea of the windmill ?
(ii) How was the windmill going to help the animals of the farm ?
(iii) Why had Napoleon protested the windmill initially ?
(iv) How did humans solve the problem of breaking the stone ?
(v) Why did the animals not solve problems like humans ? What solution did they come up with ?
found in one of the outhouses, so that all the materials for building were at hand. But the
Answer:
(i) Snowball, the pig, had presented the idea of the windmill. It was his dream project. However, it also became the reason for his downfall.

(ii) Snowball had the dream of building a windmill for the Animal Farm. He told the animals that after the windmill gets completed, the animals would have electricity and then they would have more comfortable lives as most of their work would get completed much earlier and more efficiently.

(iii) It is not clear why Napoleon had protested the building of the windmill initially. It seems that he was always against Snowball’s thoughts and that might have prompted him to go against the idea of the windmill also. But later, he told the animals of the farm that they indeed needed the windmill.

(iv) The animals needed to break the stone in order to build the windmill. However, they were not able to do so as the humans did it by picks and crowbars and the animals were not able to operate these tools without standing on their hind legs.

(v) After weeks of vain effort, the right idea occur to somebody – was, to utilise the force of gravity. Huge boulders, far too big to be used as they were, lying all over the bed of the quarry. The animals lashed ropes round these, and then all together, cows, horses, sheep, any animal that could lay hold of the rope – even the pigs sometimes joined in at critical moments. They dragged them with desperate slowness up the slope to the top of the quarry, where they were toppled over the edge, to shatter to pieces below. Transporting the stone when it was once broken was comparatively simple.

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

Animal Farm Chapter 5 Summary

As the winter drew on, Mollie becomes an increasing burden on Animal Farm. She arrives late for work every morning and gives excuses of oversleeping etc. Clover went to her stall and found lumps of sugar and several bunches of ribbons of different colours. She accepts treats from men associated with nearby farms, and generally behaves contrary to the tenets of Animalism. Eventually she disappears, lured away by a fat, red-faced man who stroked her coat and fed her sugar; now she pulls his carriage. None of the other animals ever mention her name again.

In January, the weather was cold and bitter and nothing could be done in the fields. The pigs were busy planning out the work for the coming season. Meetings were held in the big barn. Snowball and Napoleon’s constant disagreements continued to dominate the proceedings. Snowball proves himself a better speaker and debater, but Napoleon can better canvass for support in between meetings. Snowball brims with ideas for improving the farm. He studies Mr. Jones books and eventually concocts a scheme to build a windmill, with which the animals could generate electricity and automate many farming tasks, bringing new comforts to the animals’ lives.

But building the windmill would entail much hard work and difficulty, and Napoleon contents that the animals should attend to their current needs rather than plan for a distant future. The question deeply divides the animals. Napoleon surveys Snowball’s plans and expresses his contempt by urinating on them. Then there was difference of opinion relating to the defence of the farm. Snowball wanted to spread Rebellion and Napoleon wanted to procure firearms and train themselves.

The days of voting for the windmill came. Napoleon was not at all excited but Snowball impressed everybody with his speech. Napoleon gives a strange whimper, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass : studded collars charge into the barn, attack Snowball, and chase him off the farm. They return to Napoleons’ side, and with the dogs growling menacingly, Napoleon announces that, from now on, meetings will be held only for ceremonial purposes. He states that all important decisions will fall to the pigs alone.

Afterwards, many of the animals felt confused and disturbed. Squealer explains to them that Napoleon is making a great sacrifice in taking the leadership responsibilities upon himself and that as the cleverest animal, he serves the best interest of all by making the decisions. These statements placate the animals, though they still question the expulsion of Snowball. Squealer explains that Snowball was a traitor and a Criminal. Eventually, the animals come to accept this version of events, and Boxer adds greatly to Napoleon’s prestige by adopting the maxims “I will work harder” and “Napoleon is always right”.

These two maxims soon reinforce each other when, three weeks after the banishment of Snowball, the animals learn that Napoleon supports the Windmill Project. Squealer explains that their leader never really opposed the proposal, he simply used his apparent opposition as a manoeuvre to oust the wicked Snowball. These tactics he claims, served to advance the collective best interest. Squealers’ words proved so appealing, and the growls of his three dogs entourage so threatening, that the animals accept his explanation without question.

Animal Farm Chapter 5 Summary Word Meaning

• Blithely – In a way that shows a casual and cheerful indifference considered to be callous or improper
• Manifestly – In a way that is clear or obvious to the eye or mind
• Acreage – An area of land, typically when used for agricultural purposes, but not necessarily measured in acres
• Silage – Grass or other green fodder compacted and stored in airtight conditions
• Advocate – A person who pleads for a person, cause or idea
• Eloquence – Powerful and effective language
• Pretext – Something serving to conceal plans
• Procure – Get by special effort
• Sordid – Foul and Repulsive
• Spurt – Move with a sudden burst of speed

Animal Farm Chapter 5 Summary Questions and Answer

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Snow ball had made a close study of some back numbers of the Farmers and Stock breeder which he had found in the farmhouse, and was full of plans for innovations and improvements.Napoleon produced no schemes of his own, but said quietly that Snowball’s would come to nothing, and seemed to be biding his time. But of all their controversies, none was so bitter as the one that took place over the wind mill.
(i) In what ways, according to Snowball, would the building of a windmill make the lives of the animals easier?
(ii) How did the animals respond to the idea of building a windmill?
(iii) What did Napoleon do just before the animals could vote on Snowball’s Windmill proposal? What was the outcome of his action?
(iv) What did Napoleon announce after Snowball’s expulsion?
(v) Compare the character traits of Napoleon and Snowball. Show how the Windmill controversy led to the confrontation that had been building since the start of the novel.
Answer:
(i) Snowball had the dream of building a Windmill for the Animal Farm. He told the animals that after the Windmill gets completed, the animals would have electricity and then they would have more comfortable lives as most of their work would get completed much earlier and more efficiently.

(ii) The animals were greatly excited as they had never heard of anything like this before. They enjoyed the explanation given by Snowball on the Windmill and imagined the machines doing their work, while they grazed comfortably or improved their minds with reading and conversation.

(iii) Napoleon had rejected the idea of Windmill from the outset and showed his disdain by urinating on Snowball’s plans. On the day of voting, Napoleon was not excited but Snowball impressed everybody with his speech. Suddenly, Napoleon gives a strange whimper; and nine enormous dogs wearing brass- studded collars charge into the barn, attack Snowball and chase him off the farm.

(iv) After Snowball’s expulsion; Napoleon announces that from now on, meetings will be held only for ceremonial purposes. He states that all important decisions will fall to the pigs alone.

(v) Both Napoleon and Snowball have similar intelligence traits. Both could read and write perfectly. Snowball had written all the windmill plans with careful thinking and use of time. Napoleon had used his knowledge to write a fake letter said to be written by Snowball to have agreed to be a secret agent to the Foxwood farm.

Both of them were the most active in the speeches and planning. Both wanted to establish a social and economic system and be the leader of the farm.But the difference was that, Napoleon wanted to become a dictator and didn’t care for the animals. But Snowball was for Animalism, which was freedom and equal treatment for all animals.

Snow ball’s belief is that the windmill would make the lives of the animals better- Napoleon doesn’t have any particular strong reason for opposing the windmill except that he doesn’t want Snowball to gain power by, proposing it and gaining the animals’ support. Thus, windmill becomes an issue where the two confront ‘ each other and the controversy which was building from the beginning, gets a chance to explode.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
This arrangement would have worked well enough if it had not been for the disputes between Snowball and Napoleon. These two disagreed at every point where disagreement was possible.
(i) What ‘arrangement’ has been mentioned here?
(ii) Which was the bitterest dispute between them?
(iii) How did Napoleon express his dissent for the dispute?
(iv) What was the outcome of the bitterest dispute?
(v) What did Napoleon do after the outcome of the dispute?
Answer:
(i) It had come to be accepted that the pigs, who were manifestly cleverer than the other animals, should decide all questions of farm policy, though their decisions had to be ratified by a majority vote. This arrangement is being talked about here.

(ii) Snowball and Napoleon could not agree on any point. They disagreed at every point where disagreement was possible. However, of all their controversies, none was so bitter as the one that took place over the windmill.

(iii) One day, Napoleon arrived unexpectedly to examine the plan. He walked heavily round the shed, looked closely at every detail of the plan and snuffed at them once or twice, then stood for a little while contemplating them out of the corner of his eye; then suddenly he lifted his leg, urinated over the plan, and walked out without uttering a word.

(iv) The day for casting the vote for the windmill came. Snowball, as usual, presented a beautiful speech and swayed the audience in his favour. However, he had not even finished when Napoleon gave out a loud whimper and nine ferocious dogs came running after Snowball. They did not stop until they had made Snowball run out of the farm to save his life.

(v) Napoleon, with the dogs following him, mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech. He announced that from now on, the Sunday-morning meeting would come to an end. They were unnecessary, he said, and wasted time. In future, all questions relating to the working of the farm would be settled by a special committee of pigs, presided over by himself. They would meet in private and afterwards communicate their decisions to the others.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the bam. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws”.
(i) What has just happened?
(ii) Who brings these dogs and commands them to oust Snowball from the farm?
(iii) What is the motive behind him getting these dogs?
(iv) What happens after this event takes place?
(v) What was the propagation?
Answer:
(i) When Snowball’s windmill plan was completed, everyone was asked to vote whether the plan should be put to work or not. Napoleon opposed it and advised everyone not to vote for it. Snowball pleaded for it to be put in use until the animals got confused and did not know who to vote for. During all this mayhem, suddenly nine huge dogs came and attacked Snowball. He ran out of the farm and managed to escape and was never to be seen anymore.

(ii) Napoleon had trained these dogs. He had taken them away when they were little puppies and now they were fully grown dogs. He took the puppies and trained them on his own.

(iii) Napoleon’s motive behind bringing these dogs was to establish his power and control over the animals. This shows that he was more powerful and could get anything done through the dogs he had trained.

(iv) The most important thing which came out of this incident was that, it was decided by Napoleon that the Sunday meeting wouldn’t be held anymore. All the matters would be decided by a special committee of pigs and Napoleon would preside over it. Some animals protested that they had a right to discuss matters but the dogs, with their deep and menacing growls, silenced all of them.

(v) It was propagated that loyalty and obedience were to be given more importance than bravery and courage. Boxer, like other animals learnt the maxim : “Napoleon is always right”.

Question 4.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“The animals had never heard of anything of this kind before, and they listened in astonishment while Snowball conjured up pictures of fantastic machines which would do their work for them while they grazed at their ease in the
(i) What were the animals excited about?
(ii) Whose idea was it?
(iii) What was Napoleon’s reaction to this idea?
(iv) How would this make their life easier?
(v) What could the animals do when this invention was put to use?
Answer:
(i) The animals were very excited to hear Snowball’s different projects about the windmill and supply of electrical power on the farm.

(ii) It was Snowball’s idea.

(iii) Napoleon held himself aloof. He has declared himself against the plan of the windmill from the starting. One day, he arrived unexpectedly to examine the plans. He looked at every detail of the plan and in the end, he urinated over the plan, and walked out without uttering a word.

(iv) Snowball declared that much labour would be saved so that the animals would only need to work three days a week. The electrical power would light the stalls and warm them in winter, and would also run a circular saw, a chaff-cutter, a mangle-slicer and an electric milking machine would ease their life.

(v) When this invention will be put to use, their lives will become easy, electric machineries

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

Animal Farm Chapter 4 Summary

The news of Animal Farm Rebellion has spread to the surrounding country. Snowball and Napoleon are sending pigeons to the neighbouring farms and beyond, to tell the animals about the rebellion, and to teach them the tune of “Beasts of England”. Mr. Jones had spent a lot of time at the Red Lion complaining to everyone about the “Monstrous injustice he had suffered from a pack of good-for-nothing animals.” The owners of the two adjoining farms, Foxwood and Mr. Pilkington, started spreading rumours about the Animal Farms that, animals there practised cannibalism and tortured one another with red horseshoes.

These stories were never fully believed and caused a wave of rebelliousness throughout the countryside. The tune and words of “Beasts of England” were heard everywhere and started spreading at a remarkable speed. Early one day in October, a flight of pigeons came and gave news that Jones, all his men, and half a dozen men from the neighbouring farms, had entered the five barred gate and were carrying sticks and Jones was carrying gun in his hand. They had come to recapture the farm. The animals, however were well prepared. Snowball had studied an old book of Julius Caesar and had a strategy in his mind.

Even though Jones was armed with a gun, the humans were no match for the forces of the Animal Farm. Jones was able to kill one of the sheep but the humans were brutally beaten up and fled. Boxer had nearly killed a man but it was later found out that he was merely stunned and left the place in their absence. After the war, Mollie was found missing and everyone feared that the men might have harmed her in some way. But in the end, they found her hiding in the stall with her head buried among the hay in the manger. She fled the battle as soon as the gun
went off.

The animals assembled with the wildest excitement to celebrate their victory. The flag is raised, “Beasts of England” is sung.. A medal for “Animal Hero First class” is created and awarded to Snowball. And a medal for “Animal Hero, Second Class” is created, and awarded to a sheep that died when Jones fired his gun. The dead sheep was given a solemn funeral. After much discussion the battle was named as the “Battle of the Cowshed”, and it was decided that Jones’ gun should be placed at the bottom of the flagstaff, to be fired twice a year, one on the anniversary of the Battle of Cowshed and other on the anniversary of the Rebellion.

Animal Farm Chapter 4 Summary Word Meanings:

• Cannibalism – The practice of eating the flesh of one’s own species
• Flogging – Beating someone with a whip or stick as a punishment
• Elm – A tall deciduous tree which typically has rough leaves and propagates from root suckers
• Ignominious – Deserving or causing public disgrace or shame
• Gored – Pierce or stab with a horn or tusk
• Hawthorn – A thorny shrub or tree of the rose family, with white or red blossom and small red fruits
• Impromptu – Done without being planned or rehearsed
• Posthumously – After the death of the originator

Animal Farm Chapter 4 Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Most of this time Mr. Jones had spent sitting in the taproom of the Red Lion at Willingdon, complaining to anyone who would listen of the monstrous injustice he had suffered at being turned out of his property by a pack of good-for- nothing animals.
(i) What is the ‘monstrous injustice’ that Jones is talking about?
(ii) How had the ‘monstrous injustice’ occurred?
(iii) How did the other farmers react to the injustice done to Jones ?
(iv) What were Snowball and Napoleon doing to spread the injustice ?
(v) After this extract, two of the owners of the adjoining farms have been mentioned. Describe both of them in your own words.
Answer:
(i) Jones was the owner of the Manor Farm. However, he did not care much for his animals and one day, the animals rebelled against him. He was thrown out of his own farm and then Animal Farm was established. This was the ‘monstrous injustice’ that Jones was talking about.

(ii) Jones used to be a good farmer once, but lately, he had fallen for ill ways. He did not care for his farm or the animals. The animals were starving. One day, he got too drunk and slept without feeding them. The animals were unable to bear the hunger and in unison, broke away from their sheds and chased away Jones from the farm.

(iii) The other farmers sympathised in principle, but they did not at first give him much help. At heart, each of them was secretly wondering whether he could not somehow turn Jones’ misfortune to his own advantage.

(iv) Every day Snowball and Napoleon sent out flights of pigeons whose instructions were to mingle with the animals on neighbouring farms, tell them the story of the Rebellion, and teach them the tune of “Beasts of England.”

(v) The owner of Foxwood was Mr. Pilkington, an easy-going gentleman farmer who spent most of his time in fishing or hunting according to the season. The other farm was called ‘Pinchfield’. Its owner was Mr. Frederick, a tough, shrewd man, perpetually involved in lawsuits and with a name for driving hard bargains.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“This had long been expected, and all preparations had been made. Snowball who had studied an old book of Julius Caesar’s campaigns which he had found in the farm – house was in charge of the defensive operations.”
(i) What had they been long expecting?
(ii) What were the preparations made for “this?
(iii) Who was responsible for the defence options ?
(iv) Did they finally succeed in “this”?
(v) What were the important changes which took place after “this” had been accomplished?
Answer:
(i) Jones attempt of recapturing the Manor Farm was long expected by the animals on Animal Farm.

(ii) Meanwhile, Snowball had studied an old book of Julius Caesar’s campaigns and made a strategy against Jones recapturing the farm.

(iii) Snowball was in charge for the defensive operations.

(iv) Yes, all the animals finally succeeded in driving Jones and all his men out of the Animal Farm.

(v) After “this’ had been accomplished, the Manor Farm totally changed into Animal Farm. Their dream came true and they proved themselves more powerful than men. They managed the farm all by themselves and become powerful monsters themselves.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
This had long been expected, and all preparations had been made. Snowball, who had studied an old book of Julius Caesars campaigns which he had found in the farmhouse, was in charge of the defensive operations. He gave his order quickly, and in a couple of minutes every animal was at his post.
(i) What had long been expected ?
(ii) Who was Snowball ?
(iii) What was the outcome of ‘this’ ?
(iv) Which farm is being mentioned here ? To whom did it belong ?
(v) Just after this extract, what was the first thing that Snowball does ?
Answer:
(i) It had long been expected that Jones would attack the farm in the near future. Hence, Snowball was well prepared for it in advance.

(ii) Snowball was one of the cleverest pigs, who won the loyalty of the other animals by his decision for the betterment of the farm. He failed to see the sinister thoughts of Napoleon who easily chased him away from the first.

(iii) The outcome of the attack by Jones and his men was that, they were all beaten up and chased away from the farm. Although, the animals had won the battle, they had lost one of the sheeps.

(iv) The farm that is being mentioned here is the Animal Farm. Initially, it was named as the Manor Farm and had belonged to Jones. However, after he was overthrown, the farm was renamed to Animal Farm and was now owned by the animals.

(v) As the human beings approached the farm building, Snowball launched his first attack. All the pigeons, to the number of thirty-five, flew to and fro over the men’s head and muted upon them from mid-air ; and while the men were dealing with this, the geese, who had been hiding behind the hedge, rushed out and pecked viciously at the calves of their legs.

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

Fog Summary in English by Carl Sandburg

Fog by Carl Sandburg About the Poet

Carl August Sandburg (1878-1967) was an American poet, writer and editor. He won three Pulitzer Prizes- two for his poetry and one for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. He wrote poems like grass, analysis, Chicago, etc.

Fog Summary in English

The poet presents a vivid description of natural phenomenon of fog formation. He compares fog to a cat. Fog comes silently and sits looking over the city and the harbour like a cat. It seems that it is sitting silently on its haunches and then proceeds.

Fog Summary Questions and Answers

1. The fog comes
on little cat feet.
It sits looking
over harbour and city

a. “It” in the above lines refers to …………………
(i) the cat
(ii) the harbour
(iii) the fog
(iv) the city
Answer:
(iii) the fog.

b. Like a cat it moves ……………..
(i) silently
(ii) upward
(iii) very fast
(iv) over harbour and city
Answer:
(i) silently.

c. “It sits looking ….” The poetic device used here is ……………….
(i) simile
(ii) personification
(iii) metaphor
(iv) alliteration
Answer:
(ii) personification.

2. The fog comes
on little cat feet.

Question 1.
How does the poet compare the fog with cat? Which poetic device is used here?
Answer:
The poet compares the fog to a cat as the fog too seems to come on its little cat feet and seems to s^ttie over the city on its silent haunches. A personification is used here. The fog is personified as a cat.

Question 2.
Find three things that tell us that the fog is like a cat.
Answer:
There are three things that tell us that the fog is like a cat. A cat comes stealthily without making a noise. It sets on its haunches silently looking around. Then it moves on. Similarly, the fog raises quietly .It settles over harbour and city and then moves on. Hence, the comparison of the fog to a cat is appropriate.

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

Animal Farm Chapter 3 Summary

The animals had to work very hard to get the hay in. But, the harvest was more of a success than Mr. Jones and his men ever accomplished, despite the fact that the tools were not well suited for animals to use. The pigs supervised the others but did not participate in the manual labour. With their superior knowledge, they assumed leadership for themselves. All animals worked day and night and finished the harvest in two days less than it had taken Mr. Jones and his men. The horses, ducks and hens, played their role in the harvest. With the ‘parasitical human beings’ out of the way, the animals enjoyed a feeling of abundance for the first time.

They had more leisure and their food tasted all the better as it was not doled out to them by a grudging master. However, they had to face many difficulties. They had a hard time harvesting the corn. Boxer was invigorated and pushed himself to work harder than ever, because he was strong and big, thus he contributed to the most strenuous labour. In contrast, the hens and ducks worked together gathering small bits of corn that the bigger animals were not able to do.

The system of Animalism on Animal Farm worked well: Every animal was satisfied with his share of the labour and its fruits. No one stole or argued, and very few shirked their responsibilities, with the exception of frivolous Mollie and the cat. Mollie was not good at getting up in the mornings, and had a way of leaving work early on the ground that there was a stone in her hoof. And the cat could never be found, where there was work for her to do. Old Benjamin, the donkey, seemed unchanged and worked in the same slow obstinate way.

Every Sunday was a day of rest on the Animal Farm. The animals held an hour-long ceremony, which was conducted every week without fail. The flag was hoisted which was green, to represent the green field of England, as explained by Snowball. The hoof and the horn signified the future Republic of the Animals, which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown. A gathering called meeting followed the flag raising, in which the animals planned the coming week and the pigs represented resolutions for debate. Snowball and Napoleon debated the most and took the opposite sides.

The animals ended each ‘meeting’ by singing “Beasts of England.” The pigs had set up a study centre for themselves in the harness : room, where they studied trades using Mr. Jones’ books. Snowball began organizing the animals into Animal Committees, including, the Egg Production Committee, the Clean Tails League, the Wild Comrades’ Re-education Committee, to tame rats and rabbits and the Whiter Wool Movements.

Snowball succeeded in teaching some of the animals to read, although most of them lacked the intelligence needed for literacy. In fact, many of the animals lacked the intelligence needed to memorize the Seven Commandments, so Snowball reduced Animalism’s tenets (Commandments) to one simple saying : “Four legs good, two legs bad.”

As time passed, the pigs began to increase their control over the other animals. For example, when Jessie and Bluebell gave birth to puppies, Napoleon took them to an isolated loft where he could teach them. The loft could only be reached by a ladder from the harness room. Soon everyone forgot their existence. Napoleon believed that educating young, impressionable animals was more important than trying to re-educate older ones.

It turned out that pigs started mixing the cow’s milk with their food. When the wind knocked ripe apples out of the orchard trees, the pigs claimed the right to take them all, as well as the bulk of the apple harvest. The pigs claimed that they needed milk and apples in order to power their “brainwork”. Squealer explained that if, the pigs would stop drinking milk and eating apples, they could lose their powers of organization and Mr. Jones would come back. The threat of Mr. Jones’s return was enough to quell the other animals’ doubts and questions.

Animal Farm Chapter 3 Summary Word Meanings:

• Shirk – Avoid one’s assigned duties.
• Cryptic – Having a secret or hidden meaning
• Grudging – Petty or reluctant in giving or spending
• Wean – Gradually deprive of mother’s milk
• Chaff – Material consisting of seed covering and pieces of stem.
• Signified – The meaning of a word or expression
• Obstinate – Marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield
• Acute – Ending in a sharp point
• Conceive – Have the idea for
• Welfare – Something that aids or promotes well being.

Animal Farm Chapter 3 Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
In the end they finished the harvest in less than two days time than it had usually taken Jones and his men. Moreover, it was the biggest harvest that the farm had ever seen. There was no wastage whatever; the hens and ducks with their sharp eyes had gathered up the very last stalk, and not an animal on the farm had stolen so much as a mouthful. All through that summer the work of the farm went like clockwork. The animals were happy as they had never
(i) What problems did the animals face in the beginning ? What work did the pigs do?
(ii) Give any three examples of how animals worked together in harmony to take care of the farm.
(iii) What was the colour of the flag that was hoisted every Sunday ? What design did it have ? What was the
significance of the design?
(iv) Name three Animal Commiftees that Snowball organized.
(v) Point out the differences in the characters of Snowball and Napoleon. Cite instances to support your
answer.
Answer:
(i) The problems that animals faced during harvesting were that, they found the work difficult because the implements had been designed for human beings and not for animals. No animal could use any tool that involved standing on his hind legs. When they harvested the corn, they had to tread it out in the ancient style, since the farm possessed no threshing machine.The pigs being clever thought of a better way of working. They, in fact did not actually work, but directed and supervised the work done by the other animals.

(ii)

• The pigs, with their superior knowledge, directed and supervised the other animals’ work.
• Boxer and Clover harnessed themselves to the cutter or the horse rake and tramped around the field.
• Every animal worked at turning the hay and gathering it. Ducks and hens carried tiny wisps of hay in
  their beaks. With their sharp eyes, they were able to gather up the very lost stalk and ensured that there was no wastage. Thus, in this way, all the animals worked together harmoniously in taking care of the farm.

(iii) Green colour flag was hoisted every Sunday. It was made of an old green tablecloth in the harness room used by Mrs. Jones. Snowball painted a hoof and a horn in white on the cloth as a design. The green signified the green fields of England and the design of a hoof and horn and white signified the future Republic of the Animals.

(iv) Snowball organized the animals into various Committees :

• The Egg Production Committee for hens.
• The Clean Tails League for the cows.
• The Wild Comrades’ Re-education Committee, to tame the rats and the rabbits.
• The Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep.

(v) Snowball, right from the beginning was a follower of Old Major and was committed to realize Old Major’s dream. He thought that helping the animals to read and write was more important in their fight for freedom. He reduced the Seven Commandments to a single “Four legs good, two legs bad”, so that even those animals which could not memorize the philosophy of Animalism may understand and abide by it.

He was very idealistic, intelligent and enthusiastic. He organized various committees, he proved that he is strategic in his plan. The construction of the windmill eased the animals’ efforts and gave them some free time. Snowball intended to govern the farm through good deeds.

Napoleon, on the other hand, was an opportunist. He was least bothered about the principles of the farm. He was more corrupt, he just focused on grabbing power as described in the novel, “A fierce looking boar with a reputation for getting his own way.” He stole cow’s milk for the pigs and took nine puppies by force on the pretext of educating them. He was very violent and cruel. He also terrorized innocent animals and dictated them. Finally, he was seen eating and drinking with Jones much against the commandment, “four legs are good, two legs bad”.

He ended up changing the seventh commandment to, “All animals are equal but some are more equal than others”, and reverting to the old name of the farm, “Manor farm”. This shows that though he lived with the animals he was focused on ruling them. If Old Major’s speech had inspired Snowball to rebel against humans to achieve freedom for animals, it had sown seeds of greed in the mind of Napoleon. He was driven to attaining power and dictate the farm.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
Napoleon took no interest in Snowball’s committees. He said that the education of the young was more important than anything that could be done for those who were already grown up.
(i) Name the different committees that Snowball had formed
(ii) How did the reading and writing classes go?
(iii) Just before the extract, the sheep are seen adopting a maxim. What was it?
(iv) What did Napoleon do just after this extract?
(v) Later in the chapter, the pigs were seen getting greedy. How?
Answer:
(i) Snowball busied himself with organising the other animals into what he called ‘Animal Committees’. He formed the Egg Production Committee for the hens, the Clean Tails League for the cows, the Wild Comrades’ Re-education Committee (the object of this was to tame the rats and rabbits), the Whiter Wool Movement for the sheep, and various others, besides instituting classes for reading and writing.

(ii) The reading and writing classes, however, were a great success. By the autumn, almost every animal on the farm was literate to some degree. However, the pigs were the most efficient in these skills.

(iii) The sheep were not able to remember all the Seven Commandments. Then Snowball formed a single maxim for them, “Four legs good, two legs bad”. The sheep developed a great liking for this maxim and would often start bleating it.

(iv) It happened that Jesse and Bluebell had given birth to nine sturdy puppies. As soon as they weaned, Napoleon took them from their mothers, saying that he would make himself responsible for their education.

(v) The mystery of disappearing milk was solved. It was being mixed every day into the pig’s mash. Then when the orchard became littered with windfall apples, the animals thought that they would be distributed equally among them. However, the pigs got the whole of them. They fooled the other animals by saying that they actually disliked milk and apples, but they were necessary as they needed them for their health. If their brain was not healthy then Jones might return. Everybody accepted the explanation.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“His answer to every problem, every setback, was 1 will work harder!”: which he had adopted as his personal motto.”
(i) Who is being spoken about in the above lines?
(ii) What do the above lines tell us about him?
(iii) Which problem has he faced?
(iv) How did he manage to overcome the problem?
(v) Did he show any signs of change after the Rebellion? Why
Answer:
(i) Boxer the horse is being spoken about in the above lines.

(ii) The above lines tell us’about his laborious and hard-working nature. He was very brave and courageous, the entire work of the farm seemed to rest on his mighty shoulders, and he was ever ready to work harder.

(iii) When the corn was harvested, the farm possessed no threshing machine, so they had to tread out the corn in the ancient style. Boxer pulled them through his tremendous muscles.

(iv) Boxer was a hard worker even in Jones’ time, but now he seemed more like three horses than one. From morning to night he was pushing and pulling, always at the spot where the work was hardest.

(v) After the Rebellion, Boxer started working the hardest. From morning to evening he was pushing and pulling. He had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the morning half an hour earlier than anyone else, and would put in some volunteer labour at whatever seemed to be most needed, before the regular day’s work began. His answer to every problem, every setback was, “I will work harder!”, which he had adopted as his personal motto.

Question 4.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“The flag was green, Snowball explained, so represent the green field of England, while the hoof and horn signified the future Republic of the Animals which would rise when the human race had been finally overthrown.”
(i) On which days was the flag hoisted?
(ii) What did the green coloured flag signify?
(iii) What was the significance of the hoof and horn in white?
(iv) What was the ultimate aim of the animals on the Animal Farm?
(v) Where were the meetings held and what was discussed in them?
Answer:
(i) The flag was hoisted on every Sunday at 8 O’clock in the morning.
(ii) The green coloured flag represented the green fields of England.
(iii) The hoof and horn in white signified the future Republic of the animals.
(iv) The ultimate aim of the animals on the Animal Farm was to overthrow the human race, which was planned in their rebel against human tyranny.
(v) After the hosting of flag, all the animals trooped into the big farm for a general assembly which was known as the meeting. Here, the work of the coming week was planned out and resolution were put forward and debated.

Question 5.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
“It is for your sake that we drink milk and those apples”.
(i) Who is the speaker of the above lines?
(ii) What special privilege is he getting?
(iii) Who does he refer to by “we”?
(iv) What arguments does he give to convince the other animals?
(v) Does he achieve in his endeavour?
Answer:
(i) Squealer is the speaker of the above lines.

(ii) The pigs were drinking the whole milk and eating ripe apples all by themselves without sharing with other animals. They called it their privilege against serving the animals on the farm in a spirit of their selfless duty.

(iii) ‘We’ means, Snowball, Napoleon, Squealer and whole pig community.

(iv) Squealer said their sole object in taking these things was to preserve their health. According to science, milk and apples contained substances absolutely necessary for the well being of the pigs. He said that pigs were the brainworkers. The whole management and organization of the farm was dependent on them. Day and night they were watching over the animals’ welfare. It is for their sake that they were drinking that milk and eating those apples.

(v) Yes, he does achieve in his endeavour when he said, “Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back ! Yes, Jones would come back ! Surely, comrades, “he further added ” Surely there is no one among you who wants to see Jones come back ?” No animal wanted Jones to back. The importance of keeping the pigs in good health was all too obvious. So it was agreed without further argument that, the milk and the windfall apples should be reserved for the pigs alone.