English Summary

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Animal Farm Chapter 8 Summary

After the executions, the animals question (away from the pigs and dogs) whether these events fall in line with the Seven Commandments; they think they remember, Sixth Commandment stating that, No animal shall kill another animal’. Clover asked Muriel to read to her the Six Commandment. It read, “No animal should kill other animal without cause”. Somehow, the last two words were not in their memory. Like the previous case, another commandment had been altered and the animals thought that the killings were justified.

The general conditions of the animals continue to be harsh, as the workload of rebuilding the windmill and regular form of duties require additional effort. Although, the animals believe that they are getting no more food than they did under Mr. Jones, Squealer presents weekly numbers that seem to prove they are actually getting more food and are .better off. At this point, Squealer is doing most of Napoleon’s public speaking. Napoleon has isolated himself in the farmhouse, away from even the other pigs, and rarely appears in public.

When three hens confess to plotting to assassinate Napoleon in summer, he becomes even more isolated, adds more guard dogs, and gets a food taster. The four dogs guarded his bed at night and a pig, Pinkeye, was given the task to taste his food lest it should be poisoned. The hens were executed. The pigs circulated poems and songs praising Napoleon as the saviour and protector of all the animals.

The pile of timber remained still unsold though negotiations were on. Frederick was more anxious to get hold of it but never offered a reasonable price. Then there were also stories of him plotting an attack against the Animal Farm. Snowball was also rumoured to be in his farm. Napoleon made arrangements to sell the pile of timber to Pilkington and he was to enter in a regular agreement of trade between Animal Farm and Foxwood. Windmill was nearing its completion and with it the rumours of impending attacks were also coming.

There were many stories like, Frederick bribing the officials to get away with the law and torturing animals in his farm.After all of these rumours and stories, the animals were shocked to learn that Napoleon had sold the timber to Frederick and had been negotiating with Frederick in secret all along. He spread the stories about selling to Pilkington only to get Frederick to meet his price. The rumours about Frederick’s farm likely came from Snowball, who apparently is actually hiding on Pilkington’s farm. Once they hear the whole story, the animals are proud of Napoleon’s negotiating powers and were also impressed that he is savvy enough to demand cash payment instead of cheque.

With the windmill finished and the timber sold, the machinery for the windmill can be purchased, and all their dreams come true. However, three days after the sale, Mr. Whymper tells Napoleon that Frederick’s money has been counterfeited and he has cheated them all. Napoleon pronounces a death sentence to Frederick and prepares for an attack the next morning. The animals are outmatched and men have guns.

The animals send a message to Pilkington, who refuses to help. The battle culminates when Frederick and his men blow up the finished windmill. The animals, who have retreated, are outraged by this act and counter attack vigorously, suffering casualties but driving the humans from the farm. The pigs declare a victory and hold a ceremony celebrating what they call, “the battle of the windmill”.

The animals, however, are crushed by the loss of the windmill and don’t understand why the pigs want to celebrate? Squealer convinces them that the battle is a triumph because the animals held on to the farm, but they are not fully convinced until Napoleon speaks to them. The fallen animals are given a funeral, and the rest of the animals receive extra rations.

A few days after the battle, the pigs discover whisky in the farmhouse and drink it. That night many surprising sounds came from the farm house. The pigs were drunk ! However, the morning brought bad news with it. Squealer, who was not his usual self, announced that Napoleon was dying. The atmosphere at once grew grave. The rumour made its way that Snowball had eventually been successful in poisoning Napoleons’ food.

But his condition improved by evening and by next day he was back to work. It was learned that Whymper had been asked to buy booklets on brewing and distilling. A week later, Napoleon ordered that the grazing-ground for the retired animals would be ploughed up and soon it was realized that Napoleon wanted to sow it with barley. One night, at about twelve O’clock, there was a loud crash in the yard. All animals rushed to the spot. At the foot of the fall, upon which the Seven Commandment were written, lay a broken ladder and near it, Squealer in deep pain. There was a paint – brush and a pot of white paint also.

The dogs escorted him back to the farmhouse. Benjamin seemed to understand everything but would say nothing. Muriel, after a few days, noticed that there was another commandment that the animals had remembered wrong. The Fifth Commandment did not read “No animal shall drink alcohol” as she had thought, but instead it read “No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.”

Animal Farm Chapter 8 Summary Word Meanings:

• Meddle – Interfere in something that is not one’s concern.
• Cockerel – A young domestic cock.
• Skulking – Keep out of sight, typically with a cowardly motive
• Clamoured – Shout loudly and insistently
• Gander – A male goose
• Conciliatory – Intended or likely to pacify.
• Pellets – A small, rounded, compressed mass of a substance.
• Contrived – Deliberately created rather than arising naturally or spontaneously.
• Muzzle – The projecting part of the face, including the nose and mouth, of an animal such as a dog or horse
• Browing – Make beer by soaking boiling and fermentation

Animal Farm Chapter 8 Summary Question and Answer

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
A cry of lamentation went up. Straw was laid down outside the doors of the farmhouse, and the animals walked on tiptoe. With tears in their eyes they asked one another what they should do if their Leader was taken away from them.
(i) Where is the current scene set ? Who is the Leader mentioned here ?
(ii) What was the rumour behind the Leader’s current state ?
(iii) What was the reality behind the Leader’s current state ?
(iv) How did the animals react to the current state of their Leader ?
(v) Did the Leader come out of this situation?
Answer:
(i) The current scene is set in the Animal Farm. The animals were going into the farmhouse which was initially occupied by Mr. Jones. Now they were going in to see Napoleon, their Leader, who was living in the farm house.

(ii) The rumour behind Napoleon’s current state was that he was dying. Stories were circulated that Snowball had after all contrived to introduce poison into Napoleon’s food.

(iii) Squealer had announced that Comrade Napoleon was dying. Actually that was not the case. The pigs had got their hands on whisky in one of the cellars of the farmhouse. Napoleon was not dying, he was drunk.

(iv) The animals of the farm were totally taken aback after hearing that their Leader, Comrade Napoleon, was dying. With tears in their eyes they asked one another what would they do if their Leader was taken away from them.

(v) Yes, after the effects of whisky wore off, Napoleon started to get better. By evening, however, Napoleon appeared to be somewhat better, and the following morning Squealer was able to tell them that he was well on the way to recovery. By the evening of that day, Napoleon was back to work, aind on that day it was learned that he had instructed Whymper to purchase in Willingdon some booklets on brewing and distilling.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
About this time there occurred a strange incident which hardly anyone was able to understand. One night at about twelve o’clock, there was a loud crash in the yard, and the animals rushed out of their stalls.
(i) Why had the loud crash happened ?
(ii) What had happened to the Seven Commandments ?
(iii) How did Squealer behave after this incident ?
(iv) How did the other animals behave after this incident ?
(v) Which other Commandments had been changed ?
Answer:
(i) The loud crash had happened as Squealer had fallen off after the ladder he was using, broke into two. He was also carrying a paint brush and white paint with him.

(ii) Later, when Clover noticed the Seven Commandments, she thought that something was amiss. She was not able to read the Commandments, and, thus took Muriel’s help. Muriel told her that the Fifth Commandment now read ‘No animal shall drink alcohol to excess.’

(iii) Squealer, temporarily stunned, was sprawling beside it, and near at hand there lay a lantern, a paintbrush, and an overtured pot of white paint. The dogs immediately made a ring around Squealer, and escorted him back to the farmhouse as soon as he was able to walk.

(iv) The animals saw Squealer lying near the Seven Commandments with a broken ladder, a paint brush and some white paint. Then they saw the dogs escorting him. None of the animals could form any idea as to what this meant, except old Benjamin, who nodded his muzzle with a knowing air, and seemed to understand, but would say nothing.

(v) Since Snowball had been overthrown by Napoleon, many of the Commandments saw some minute changes over time. The Fourth Commandment ‘No animal shall sleep in a bed, was changed to ‘No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets’. The Fifth Commandment was, ‘No animal shall drink alcohol’, but it was changed to “No animal shall drink alcohol to excess’. The Sixth Commandment was changed from “No animal shall kill any other animal’ to ‘No animal shall kill any other animal without cause.’ Finally, none of the original Commandments were left. There was only one Commandment that remained. It was ‘All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others’.

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The Shed Summary in English by Frank Flynn

The Shed by Frank Flynn About the Poet

The Shed Summary in English

There is a small room for storing things. It is in one end of the garden. It is not used regularly as its door is locked. It has cobwebs over the door. The iron joints of the door are rusty. They make a creaking sharp sound when the wind blows. The narrator is curious to open the door one day to see what is stored there.

On one side of the shed is an old window covered with dust. It has three glass panes which are cracked. The narrator thinks that someone is looking at her whenever she goes that way. She plans to look through that window one day into the room.

Her brother tells her that there is a ghost in the store room. It hides under the old wooden floorboards. He tries to frighten her. He tells her that she must never try to enter that room because the ghost will attack her and break her head. But the girl is brave enough. She is determined to look into the shed.

She knows that her brother is a liar. There is no ghost in the shed. It is only a hiding place for him. Nobody is looking out at her. Nobody makes noises. Even the spider has gone from the web. So the narrator makes up her mind to walk into that shed. But she is not in a hurry to execute her plan.

The Shed Summary in Hindi

सामान भरने के लिये भण्डार घर है। यह स्थान बगीचे के एक छोर पर है। उसे अधिक उपयोग में नहीं लिया जाता। इसके दरवाजे पर ताले पड़े हैं। इसके दरवाजे पर मकड़े लगे हैं। दरवाजे के कब्जों में जंग लग गई है। जब हवा चलती है तो दरवाजे से तीखी आवाज निकलती है। वाचक को किसी दिन उस दरवाजे को खोलने की उत्सुकता है, वह देखना चाहती है कि अन्दर रखा क्या है।

शेड में एक तरफ धूल की परत लिए एक खिड़की है जिसके तीनों शीशे चटक गये हैं। लड़की को लगता है कि जब कभी वह ___ उस ओर जाती है तो कोई व्यक्ति उसको देखता है। वह सोचती है किसी दिन उस कोठरी की खिड़की से अन्दर झाँक कर देखेगी।

उसका भाई कहता है कि उस कोठरी में कोई (एक) भूत है। वह फर्श पर बिछे पुराने तख्तों के नीचे छिपा रहता है। वह बहन को डराने की कोशिश करता है। वह उसे बताता है कि कभी भी उस कमरे में प्रवेश मत करना क्योंकि भूत तुम पर टूट पड़ेगा और सिर फोड़ देगा। पर लड़की हिम्मत नहीं हारती। उसने उस शेड के अन्दर झाँकने की ठान रखी है।

वह जानती है कि उसका भाई झूठा है। शेड में कोई प्रेतात्मा नहीं है। वह तो भाई के अपने छिपने का स्थान है। शेड के अन्दर से कोई नहीं झाँकता। कोई भी प्राणी आवाज नहीं निकालता। मकड़ी भी जाला छोड़कर जा चुकी है। इसलिये वह पक्का निर्णय ले लेती है कि वह उस शेड में जायेगी। पर उसे अभी कोई हड़बड़ी नहीं है कि अपनी योजना कार्यान्वित करे।

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The Rebel Summary in English by D. J. Enright

The Rebel by D. J. Enright About the Poet

The Rebel Summary in English

A rebel is a person who always disagrees with you. He likes to do the opposite of what ‘ everyone loves to do. When everyone has short hair, the rebel sports long hair. When everybody lets his hair grow long, the rebel cuts his hair short. When others in the class s-talk, the rebel keeps silent. But when others are all quiet, the rebel breaks this silence. When other boys go to school in uniforms, the rebel puts on colourful clothes.

When other boys are in fancy dress, the rebel’s dress is simple. If others are dog lovers, the rebel prefers cats. But in the company of cat lovers, he praises dogs. When everybody longs for sunlight, the rebel longs for rain. When others go to the meeting, the rebel stays at home and reads books. When everybody agrees, the rebel disagrees. The rebels are necessary because they help us look at life differently. But this practice will not suit everyone.

The Rebel Summary in Hindi

विद्रोही वह होता है जो आपसे सहमत न हो। वह हमेशा जो दूसरे लोग करते हैं उसके विपरीत करना पसंद करता है। जब सभी छोटे बाल रखते हैं तो विद्रोही बड़े बाल रखता है। जब सभी बड़े बाल रखते हैं तो विद्रोही छोटे बाल करा लेता है। जब वर्ग के सभी बच्चे बातें करते हैं विद्रोही चुप रहता है। लेकिन जब सभी शांत रहते हैं तो वह शोर मचाता है। जब अन्य सभी स्कूल ड्रेस पहनते हैं तो विद्रोही रंगीन (फैंसी) कपड़ों में होता है। जब सभी रंगीन फैंसी कपड़े पहनकर आते हैं तो विद्रोही साधारण ड्रेस पहनकर आता है। जब सभी कुत्ते को पसंद करते हैं तो विद्रोही बिल्ली को पसंद करता है। परन्तु बिल्ली पसंद करने वालों के बीच विद्रोही कुत्ते की प्रशंसा करता है। जब लोगों को धूप की इच्छा होती है तो विद्रोही वर्षा की इच्छा करता है। जब अन्य सभा में जाते हैं तो विद्रोही घर में किताबें पढ़ने बैठ जाता है। जब सभी सहमति जताते हैं तो विद्रोही असहमत हो जाता है। विद्रोहियों की भी हमें जरुरत है क्योंकि वे हमें जीवन का एक अलग नजरिया पेश करते हैं। लेकिन ऐसी बात हर किसी को अच्छी नहीं लगती।

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The Tale of Custard the Dragon Summary in English by Ogden Nash

The Tale of Custard the Dragon by Ogden Nash About the Poet

Frederic Ogden Nash (1902-1971) was an American poet was an American poet famous for his light verse. He was known as the producer of humorous poetry. He received Sarah Josepha Hale Award in 1964.

The Tale of Custard the Dragon Summary in English

It is a narrative poem which describes a little girl Belinda and her pets. Her pets are a black kitten called Ink, a grey mouse named Blink, a yellow dog named Mustard and a coward dragon called Custard. The dragon has dragger like sharp nails, sharp teeth and spikes on his scales. All her pets consider themselves to be brave. They all use to sit on a red wagon and make fun of the dragon who is assumed to be a coward. A pirate enters the house all of a sudden having pistols in both hands. He is holding sword in his teeth. Belinda gets extremely frightened and cries for help.

But all the pets flee away and hide themselves. But Custard comes forward full of bravery. He fights with the pirate and swallows him. This shows that Custard is not a coward. All other pets are cowards. But, other pets start saying that they are brave and two or three times braver than the dragon. However., the reality is now clear. Indeed, the dragon is only brave while all others are simply cowards.

The Tale of Custard the Dragon Summary Questions and Answers

Read the extracts given below and answer the questions that follows by choosing the most appropriate options.

1. Custard the dragon had big sharp teeth,
And spikes on top of him and scales underneath,
Mouth like a fireplace, chimney fora nose,
And realio, trulio daggers on his toes.

a. The above lines tell us about ……………………..
(i) kitten
(ii) mouse
(iii) dog
(iv) Custard
Answer:
(iv) Custard

b. It is a description of the ……………………..
(i) appearance of the dragon
(ii) courage of the dragon
(iii) heroism of the dragon
(iv) cowardice of the dragon
Answer:
(i) appearance of the dragon

c. The rhyme scheme of the stanza is ……………………..
(i) a a ; a b
(ii) a b ; a b
(iii) a a ; b b
(iv) a b ; b b
Answer:
(iii) a a ; b b

2. The pirate gaped at Belinda’s dragon,
And gulped soma grog from his pocket flagon,
He fired two bullets, but they didn’t hit,
And Custard gobbled him, every bit.

a. Belida was a ……………….
(i) village woman
(ii) cat
(iii) girl
(iv) dog
Answer:
(iii) girl.

b. Custard was Belinda’s pet ……………….
(i) dog
(ii) dragon
(iii) kitten
(iv) mouse
Answer:
(ii) dragon.

c. The Custard gobbled
(i) some spirits
(ii) two bullets
(iii) the pirate
(iv) Belinda
Answer:
(ii) two bullets.

3. Belinda tickled hi m, she tickled him unmerciful,
Ink, Blink and Mi istard, they rudely called him Percival,
They all sat laugl ling in the little red wagon
At the realio, trul io, cowardly dragon.

a. Who is Belinda ?
Answer:
Belinda is a young girl who lives in a little white house with her pets.

b. How did Belinda and the other pets laugh at the dragon?
Answer:
Belinda tickled him and the other pets compared him to brave Percival to make fun of him.

c. Which word in this extract means the same as ‘unkind’
Answer:
‘unkind’:- ‘rudely’

4. Belinda paled, and’she cried Help! Help!
But Mustard fled with a terrified yelp,
Ink trickled down to the bottom of the household,
And little mouse Blink strategically mouseholed.

a. Why did Belinda cry for help?
Answer:
Belinda cried for help as she saw a pirate standing with pistols in both his hands. She at once realised that he had bad intentions of harming her.

b. Who are Mustard and Ink?
Answer:
Mustard is the little yellow dog and Ink was the little black kitten.

c. What did they do?
Answer:
Mustard fled with a terrified cry and Ink ran down to the bottom of the house.

d. Where did the mouse slip away?
Answer:
The mouse Blink tactfully slipped into his hole.

5. Belinda lived in a little white house,
With a little black kitten and a little grey mouse,
And a little yellow dog and a little red wagon,
And a realio, trulio, little pet dragon.

a. Who is the mistress of the house?
Answer:
Belinda is the mistress of the house.

b. How many pets does she have?
Answer:
She has four pets I.e. a kitten, a mouse, a dog and a dragon.

c. ‘Kitten,’ ‘mouse’ and ‘dog’ are enemies to each other. What effect do you think they create here?
Answer:
‘Kitten’, ‘mouse’ and ‘dog’ are enemies to each other but in the poem they create farcical effect.

d. What is the rhyme scheme in the stanza?
Answer:
The rhyme scheme in the stanza is a, a, b, b.

Question 6.
Belinda tickled him, she tickled him unmerciful.
Why did Etelinda tickle Custard so severely?
Answer:
Belinda tickled Custard so severely because this was her way of teasing and making fun of the cowardly dragon Custard.

Question 7.
But Custard cried for a nice safe cage.
Who is Custard? Why did he cry for a ‘nice safe cage’?
Answer:
Custard is a dragon.-He wants a nice safe cage for him, it shows his basic nature of being calm and quiet and above all he is coward.

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Animal Farm Chapter 7 Summary

The winter had arrived and it was bitter and stormy weather. The work continues on the windmill through the bitter winter because the animals want to prove themselves to the humans outside the farm, who doubt them. These same humans say the windmill collapsed because the walls were too thin, but the animals continue to believe that Snowball is responsible. However, they also decide to rebuild the windmill with thicker walls, which means they need more stones. Collecting the stone in winter weather is slow and difficult, impeding their progress. Only Boxer and Clover, with their unshakable work ethic, keep up the animals spirits.

Other problems also abound. In January an improperly planted crop fails, leaving the farm with a severe food shortage from the outside world. Napoleon and the animals work frantically to conceal the shortage from the outside world. Rumours of famine are already circulating among the humans, so confirming these rumours would put the farm in danger. The animals are instructed to talk about increased rations when Mr. Whymper is around. Still, Napoleon makes arrangements to sell more of the hen’s eggs so the farm can buy grain to make up for the shortfall in their stores.

Wanting their eggs to become chicks, the hens rebel, laying their eggs in the hen house rafters so they fall to the floor and break. Napoleon responds Jjy withholding the hen’s rations, but their resistance still lasts for five days. Nine hens die of starvation, but Napoleon makes sure the other animals are told they died of disease.

It was heard that Snowball was hiding in one of the adjoining farms. There was a pile of timber and Mr. Pilkington ‘ and Mr. Frederick, were interested in it. However, whenever the deal took shape, Snowball was noticed to be in that particular farm. Everything bad that happened in the farm was put on Snowball’s head. Even broken windows and blocked drains were put on his name. All the bad things that happened were blamed on Snowball, even if the true causes became apparent later. Eventually, Squealer announces Snowball, has sold himself to Frederick and says Snowball was always in league with the humans, even fighting for Jones at the Battle of Cowshed.

Later, Napoleon uses the threat of Snowball to eliminate some of his enemies. During a meeting, he sends his dogs after the four pigs who question his trade plans, the hens that have rebelled over the eggs, and a few other animals who confess to working with Snowball. All of these animals are executed immediately. This violence stuns the other animals, especially Clover.

After the executions, she and other animals got there on the knoll where the windmill stood. In an attempt to comfort themselves, the animals try to sing ‘Beasts of England ‘but Squealer tells them the song in now banned, replaced with a new song swearing allegiance to Animal Farm. Minimus, the poet, had composed it but somehow neither the words nor the tune was as appealing as ‘Beasts of England’.

Animal Farm Chapter 7 Summary Word Meanings:

• Emboldened – Give someone the courage or confidence to do something
• Pullets – A young hen, especially less than one year old
• Lurking – Be or remain hidden so as to wait in ambush for someone or something
• Frisking – Skip or leap joyfully, frolic
• Tumult – A state of confusion or disorder
• Knoll – A small hill or mound.
• Swishing – Move with a hissing round
• Spinney – A small area of trees and bushes.
• Whinny – A gentle, high pitched neigh
• Lumbering – Moving in a slow, heavy, awkward way.

Animal Farm Chapter 7 Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
When it was all over, the remaining animals, except for the pigs and the dogs, crept away in one body. They were shaken and miserable. They did not know which was more shocking: the treachery of the animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball, or the cruel retribution they had just witnessed Since Jones had left the farm, until today, no animal had killed another animal.
(i) Mention the two crimes that the four pigs had just confessed to. As a result what happened to them ?
(ii) Who was Snowball ? In what way had he deceived the other animals ?
(iii) What happened to the other animals who had ‘leagued’ themselves with Snowball ?
(iv) Why had Mr. Jones left the farm ? Which two persons were willing to take over the farm from the animals ?Who did Napoleon favour ?
(v) How was the Sixth Commandment, ‘No animal shall kill any other animal’ modified ? Briefly describe any
other incident which led to the change in another Commandment.
Answer:
(i) The four pigs confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since his expulsion, that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill, and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr. Frederick. They added that, Snowball had privately admitted to them that he had been Jones’ secret agent for years past. When they had finished their confession, the dogs promptly tore their throats out.

(ii) Snowball was one of the cleverest pigs, who won the loyalty of the other animals by his decision for the betterment of the farm. He failed to see the sinister thoughts of Napoleon who easily chased him away from the farm. In his absence Napoleon and Squealer wanted to prove him traitor. According to them, they forced the four pigs to make false confession which stated that Snowball had deceived the other animals, because Snowball had privately admitted to them that he had been Jones’ secret agent for years past, and he had ditched animals welfare, for his personal interests.

(iii) The other animals who had leagued themselves with Snowball were all executed. The three hens were slaughtered. The goose and the sheep were all slain on the spot. And so the tale of confessions and executions went on until there was a pile of corpses lying before Napoleon’s feet and the air was heavy with the smell of blood, which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones.

(iv) The animals had chased Mr. Jones, his family and his men out of the Manor Farm during the Rebellion. They had beaten and chased him during the Battle of Cowshed too. Mr. Frederick the owner of Pinchfield, a neighbouring farm and Mr. Pilkington, owner of Foxwood farm, were willing to take over the farm from the animals. And Napoleon was in favour of Mr. Pilkington, the owner of Foxwood Farm.

(v) Lot of animals were killed by Napoleon under the revenge of Snowball. He proved all of them traitors working for Snowball. The Commandment was changed to “No animal should kill other animal, without cause”. The pigs sleeping in the beds with sheet, is another example of change in the Fourth Commandment.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
One Sunday morning Squealer announced that the hens, who had just come in to lay again, must surrender their eggs. Napoleon had accepted, through Whymper, a contract for four hundred eggs a week.
(i) Who is Mr. Whymper ?
(ii) Why had Squealer announced that the hens must surrender their eggs ?
(iii) How was Napoleon behaving in these days ?
(iv) How did the hens react to this statement ?
(v) What happened to the hens after this ?
Answer:
(i) Mr. Whymper was a solicitor living in Willingdon. Upon Napoleon’s consideration, he had agreed to act as intermediary between Animal Farm and the outside world. He would visit the farm every Monday morning to receive his instructions.

(ii) The winter was very harsh that year. There was a severe food shortage at the Animal Farm. Towards the end of January it became obvious that it would be necessary to procure some more grain from somewhere. Hence, the price of these would pay for enough grain and meal to keep the farm going till summer came on and conditions were easier.

(iii) In these days, Napoleon rarely appeared in public, but spent all his time in the farmhouse, which was guarded at each door by fierce-looking dogs. When he did emerge, it was in a ceremonial manner, with an escort, six dogs who closely surrounded him and growled if anyone came too near. Frequently, he did not even appear on Sunday mornings, but issued his orders through one of the other pigs, usually Squealer.

(iv) When the hens heard that they have to surrender the eggs, they raised a terrible outcry. They had been warned earlier that this sacrifice might be necessary, but had not believed that it would really happen. They were just getting their clutches ready for the spring sitting, and they protested that, to take eggs away now was murder.

(v) The hens made a determined efforts to thwart Napoleon’s wishes. Their method was to fly up to the rafters and lay their eggs there, which were smashed to pieces on the floor. Napoleon acted swiftly and ruthlessly. He ordered the hens’ rations to be stopped, and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be punished through death. The dogs saw to it that these orders were carried out. For five days the hens held out, then they surrendered and went back to their nesting boxes. Nine hens had died in the meantime.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow.
Four days later, in the late afternoon, Napoleon ordered all the animals to assemble in the yard. When they were all gathered together, Napoleon emerged from the farmhouse, wearing both his medals with his nine huge dogs frisking round him and uttering growls that sent shivers down all the animals’ spines. They all cowered silently in their places, seeming to know in advance that some terrible thing was about to happen.
(i) Who had been called a traitor four days ago ?
(ii) When had Napoleon been awarded the two military honours ?
(iii) What happened just after the extract ?
(iv) What happened when the dogs pounced on Boxer ?
(v) Why were the animals in a shock after what followed the extract ?
Answer:
(i) Snowball had been called a traitor. This was not the first time that he had been decreed as a traitor.He was  accused of helping the humans attack the Animals Farm and even destroying the windmill.

(ii) After the Battle of the Cowshed, the animals had decided to create the military decorations, ‘Animal Hero, First Class’ and ‘Animal Hero, Second Class’. Napoleon had recently awarded himself with these honours.

(iii) Napoleon stood sternly surveying his audience; then he uttered a high-pitched whimper. Immediately the dogs bounded forward, seized four of the pigs by the ear and dragged them, squealing with pain and terror, to Napoleon’s feet.

(iv) The dogs had tasted blood and then unexpectedly, three of them pounced on Boxer. However, he was much more agile and strong. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof, caught a dog in mid-air, and pinned him to the ground. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs.

(v) The four pigs confessed that they had conspired with Snowball in destroying the windmill. After they had confessed to all their crimes, the dogs tore their throats out. Then the three hens, a goose and a sheep, were all slained on the spot for their crimes. The other animals were totally shaken and miserable. Since Jones had left, no animal had killed another animal. But now, the air was heavy with the smell of blood. They had never wanted to see this.