CBSE Class 7

In this page, we are providing Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 12 pdf download. NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants with Answers will help to score more marks in your CBSE Board Exams.

Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Extra Questions and Answers Reproduction in Plants

Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants with Answers Solutions

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Fungus, moss and fern reproduces by a common method of asexual reproduction. Name the method.
Answer:
Spore formation.

Question 2.
Boojho had the following parts of a rose plant-a leaf, roots, a branch, a flower, a bud and pollen grains. Which of them can be used to grow a new rose plant?
Answer:
A branch.

Question 3.
What is zygote?
Answer:
Zygote is a diploid cell formed from the fusion of male and male and female gametes.

Question 4.
By which method of asexual reproduction sweet potato reproduces?
Answer:
Vegetative propagation.

Question 5.
In the vegetative propagation, the new plants are exact copies of the parent cell. Why?
Answer:
Because they are produced from a single parent.

Question 6.
What are produced by plants as a result of sexual reproduction?
Answer:
Seeds.

Question 7.
Which type of reproduction produces a new plant which is exact copy of the parent plant?
Answer:
Vegetative propagation.

Question 8.
What is a bud?
Answer:
A small bulb-like projection coming out from the yeast cell is called a bud.

Question 9.
Which part of the seed germinate into a small seedling?
Answer:
Embryo.

Question 10.
How does a moss plant reproduce?
Answer:
By means of spores.

Question 11.
Which type of bodies are spores?
Answer:
Asexual reproductive bodies.

Question 12.
What type of flowers does Petunia have?
Answer:
Bisexual flowers.

Question 13.
Where is the egg-formed?
Answer:
In an ovule.

Question 14.
What is sexual reproduction?
Answer:
Reproduction in which both male and female gametes are involved is called sexual reproduction.

Question 15.
What produces male gamete?
Answer:
Pollen grain produces male gamete.

Question 16.
What protects pollen grains from drying up?
Answer:
A tough protective coat prevents them from drying up.

Question 17.
What are bisexual flowers?
Answer:
The flowers that contain both stamens and pistil are bisexual flowers.

Question 18.
What are unisexual flowers?
Answer:
The flowers which contain either only the pistil or only the stamens are called unisexual flowers.

Question 19.
Pollen grain can be carried away by wind or water. Why?
Answer:
They are light.

Question 20.
Name two fruits which are fleshy and juicy.
Answer:
Mango and apple.

Question 21.
Name two hard fruits.
Answer:
Almonds and walnuts

Question 22.
Name the agents of seed dispersal.
Answer:
Wind, water, animals and human beings.

Question 23.
How are seeds dispersed in the case of castor and balsam?
Answer:
When the fruits of castor and balsam burst with sudden jerks, the seeds are dispersed.

Question 24.
Name two plants in which seeds are dispersed by animals.
Answer:
Xanthium and Urena.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
How many types of reproduction are there in plants? Explain.
Answer:
There are two types of reproduction in plants:

1. Sexual reproduction
2. Asexual reproduction

(i) Sexual reproduction; The mode of reproduction in which new plants are produced from seeds by involvement of both male and female gametes.
(ii) Asexual reproductions In this mode of reproduction, new plants are produced without seeds by involvement of single parent.

Question 2.
Explain vegetative propagation.
Answer:
It is a type of asexual reproduction i n which new plants are obtained from vegetative parts like roots, stems, leaves or buds of the parent plants. For example, sweet potato and Dahlia give rise to new plants by roots, roses by stems, etc.

Question 3.
How do cacti plants reproduce?
Answer:
Cacti plants produce new plants from any part which get detached from the main plant body. Each detached part grow into a new plant. This is a type of asexual reproduction.

Question 4.
Some plants reproduce by cutting. Explain.
or
How does new plant produce by cutting?
or
How does rose plants reproduce?
Answer:
Cutting is a process through which many plants are propagated through asexual reproduction. For example, rose plant is propagated through this process. A part of stem from the desired plant is cut. The cutting of the plant is buried in the soil. The cutting is watered every day. After some time the leaves and roots arise from the nodes of the cutting. With time the cutting develops into a new plant.

Question 5.
What is budding? Explain with an example.
Answer:
The process of formation of an additional outgrowth, as bud, which gets detached from the parent cell to produce new individual is called budding. For example, the yeast grows asexually by process of budding. The small bulb like projection coming out from the yeast cell is called bud. It gradually grows and gets detached from the parent cell and forms a new yeast cell. Sometimes, another bud arises from the bud forming a chain of buds.

Question 6.
What is fragmentation? Give an example.
Answer:
Fragmentation is one of the types of asexual reproduction. In this type, plants like Spirogyra, breaks up into two or more fragments or pieces. Each fragment develops into a new individual. When water and nutrients are available algae grow and multiply rapidly by fragmentation.

Question 7.
Explain reproduction through spore formation.
Answer:
Reproduction through spore formation is a type of asexual reproduction. Spores are small spherical bodies covered with a protective coat. The coat protects the spore from unfavourable conditions. The coat burst and spore germinate into new plants when the conditions are favourable. The fungi on a bread piece grow from spore which are present in the air. Plants such as moss and fern also reproduce by means of spores.

Question 8.
Define two types of flowers with examples.
Answer:
Flowers are the reproductive parts of a plant. There are two types of flowers-

1. unisexual and
2. bisexual flowers.

The flowers which contain either only the pistil or only the stamens are called unisexual flowers, e.g., corn and papaya. On the other hand, the flowers which contain both stamens and pistil are called bisexual flowers, e.g., mustard and rose.

Question 9.
What is pollination?
Answer:
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination. Pollen grains are light so they can be carried by wind or water. Insects visit flowers and carry away pollen on their bodies. These are the agents which help in pollination.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
What is pollination? Explain self-pollination and cross-pollination with the help of a diagram.
or
What is pollination? Explain types of pollination.
Answer:
The transfer of a pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower is called pollination.
There are two types of pollination:
(i) Self-pollination
(ii) Cross-pollination
When the pollen lands on the stigma of the same flower, it is called self-pollination [Fig. 12.13 (a)]. It takes place in a bisexual flower.

When the pollen of a flower lands on the stigma of another flower of the same plant, or that of a different plant of the same kind, it is called cross-pollination [Fig.12.13(b)]. It takes place in either unisexual or bisexual flowers. The petals of cross-pollinated flowers are generally brightly-coloured to attract insects towards it.

Question 2.
What is vegetative propagation? Describe vegetative propagation through different parts of the plant.
Answer:
The type of asexual reproduction in which new plants are produced from vegetative parts such as roots, stems, leaves and buds is called vegetative propagation.
(i) Vegetative propagation by roots: The roots of some plants like sweet potato and Dahlia, etc., give rise to new plants [Fig. 12.14(a)]
(ii) Vegetative propagation by stems: In some plants like potato, ginger, etc., new plants grow from the stems of these plants. Potatoes have small ‘eyes’ or scars on them which germinates to give rise to new plants. Similarly small bud produce new plants in ginger and turmeric [Fig. 12.14(b)]
(iii) Vegetative propagation by leaves: In some plants, new plants grow from the margins of the leaves, e.g., in Byrophyllum small plantlets grow from the margins of the leaves. These plantlets when get detached from the leaves develops into an independent plant. [Fig. 12.14(c)]

Question 3.
Explain the reproductive parts of a flower with a labelled diagram.
Answer:
Flowers are the reproductive parts of a plant. The stamens are the male reproductive part and the pistil is the female reproductive part (Fig. 12.15). Anther contains pollen grains which produce male gametes. A pistil consists of stigma, style and ovary. The ovary contains one or more ovules. The female gamete or the egg is formed in an ovule. In sexual reproduction a male and a few female gamete fuse to form a zygote.

Question 4.
Explain zygote formation or fertilisation with the help of a diagram.
Answer:
In sexual reproduction, a male and female gamete fuse to form a zygote. This process of fusion of gametes to form a zygote is called fertilisation (Fig. 12.16). The zygote develops into an embryo.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
What are the advantages of vegetative propagation?
Answer:
Plants produced by vegetative propagation take less time to grow and bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from seeds. The new plants are exact copies of the parent plant, as they are produced from a single parent.

Question 2.
Which is more advantageous for plants-self-pollination or cross-pollination? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
Cross-pollination is more advantageous as it help the plant in having variation in offsprings, new varieties are formed, make plant to adapt to new changes in environmental conditions and diseases. It helps the plant to yield better.

Question 3.
What is brinjal, a vegetable or a fruit? Explain.
Answer:
Brinjal is actually fruit of the plant which we take or consume as vegetable. Brinjal develops from the fertilised ovary of the flower and contains many seeds.

Question 4.
Write how the following seeds are dispersed.
(a) Seeds with wings
(b) Small and light seeds.
(c) Seeds with spines/hooks
Answer:
(a) Dispersed by wind
(b) Dispersed by wind
(c) Dispersed by animals

Question 5.
How plants are benefitted by seed dispersal?
Answer:
Seed dispersal prevents compietition between the plant and its own seedlings for sunlight, water and minerals. It also enables plant to invade new habitats for wider distribution. Thus, seed dispersal provides suitable conditions for survival and growth of the plant.

Question 6.
What are the post fertilisation changes in a flower?
Answer:
After fertilisation, the ovary grows into a fruit and other parts of the flower fall off. The ripened ovary is called fruit. The seeds develop from the ovules. The seed contains an embryo, which is formed from zygote due to fusion of male and female gametes. The embryo develops into future plant on getting favourable conditions.

Reproduction in Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Value Based (VBQs)

Question 1.
Artificial propagation of plant is growing of new plantlets other than the natural mean. It includes, cutting, grafting, layering, etc. It is an easy process and is a faster way of propagation of many plants with desired characteristics. But with the increased practice of artificial propagation man is risking the existence of many native varieties of plants.
(a) What are the advantages of artificial propagation of plants?
(b) What are the disadvantages of artificial propagation of plants?
(c) What is native variety?
(d) Do you think there is any adverse affect of artificial propagation on the native varieties of plants?

Answer:
(a) Advantages of artificial propagation are:

1. Plants take less time to produce flowers and fruits.
2. Plants are exact copies of the parent plant.
3. Plants take less space and energy to give productive yield.

(b) Disadvantages of artificial propagation are:

1. Plants do not show much variation and lose their strength and health gradually.
2. They are more prone to disease.
3. As many plants are produced, it may result in overcrowding
4. Some plants do not have strong root system which may collapse with time.

(c) Native variety of a plant is one that occurs naturally in a particular habitat or ecosystem or region.
(d) Yes. If the non-native varieties of plants are propagated on a large scale artificially can eliminate the existence of native variety of that plant due to competition for space and nutrition.

Question 2.
After a rainy season, while Mani was strolling in her garden, noticed many small plants of various fruits and flowers which were not present in her garden. She wondered where they had come from as nobody had planted them there. As Mani loves gardening she started cleaning the area around the small plants and taking care of them.
(a) How plants propagate through sexual mode of reproduction?
(b) What is an embryo?
(c) What do you think the plants grown in Mani’s garden had come from?
(d) How do seeds of some fruits like tomato, guava or brinjal propagate?
(e) What value of Mani is shown here?

Answer:
(a) Through seeds
(b) Embryo is a future plant, found deep inside the seed. It is formed from the development of zygote.
(c) Plants grown in Mani’s garden may have come from the seeds dispersed through various agents like animals, wind, water, etc. Which on getting favourable conditions have germinated into plants.
(d) Seeds of these fruits are generally propagated through animal faeces when they consume it.
(e) Mani is inquisitive, a good observer and nature lover.

Class 7 Social Science Notes: Here we are providing CBSE Class 7 Social Science Notes PDF Chapter Wise free download of History, Geography, Civics, Economics. Students like these NCERT Class 7 Social Science Notes because it explains every concept thoroughly in an easy and simple way.

NCERT Class 7 Social Science Notes PDF

Access the links which are provided below and download Chapter Wise NCERT Notes for Class 7 Social Science SST with answers and solutions pdf board examination preparation.

NCERT Class 7 Geography Notes

Notes for Class 7 Social Science Geography: Our Environment

1. Environment Class 7 Notes
2. Inside Our Earth Class 7 Notes
3. Our Changing Earth Class 7 Notes
4. Air Class 7 Notes
5. Water Class 7 Notes
6. Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Class 7 Notes
7. Human Environment: Settlement, Transport, and Communication Class 7 Notes
8. Human-Environment Interactions: The Tropical and the Subtropical Region Class 7 Notes
9. Life in the Temperate Grasslands Class 7 Notes
10. Life in the Deserts Class 7 Notes

NCERT Class 7 History Notes

Notes for Class 7 Social Science History: Our Pasts – II

1. Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years Class 7 Notes
2. New Kings and Kingdoms Class 7 Notes
3. The Delhi Sultans Class 7 Notes
4. The Mughal Empire Class 7 Notes
5. Rulers and Buildings Class 7 Notes
6. Towns, Traders, and Craftsperson Class 7 Notes
7. Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities Class 7 Notes
8. Devotional Paths to the Divine Class 7 Notes
9. The Making of Regional Cultures Class 7 Notes
10. Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Notes

NCERT Class 7 Civics Notes

Notes for Class 7 Social Science Civics: Social and Political Life – II

1. On Equality Class 7 Notes
2. Role of the Government in Health Class 7 Notes
3. How the State Government Works Class 7 Notes
4. Growing Up as Boys and Girls Class 7 Notes
5. Women Change The World-Class 7 Notes
6. Understanding Media Class 7 Notes
7. Markets Around Us Class 7 Notes
8. A Shirt in the Market Class 7 Notes
9. Struggles for Equality Class 7 Notes

In this page, we are providing Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 11 pdf download. NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants with Answers will help to score more marks in your CBSE Board Exams.

Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Extra Questions and Answers Transportation in Animals and Plants

Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants with Answers Solutions

Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
What is blood?
Answer:
Blood is a fluid that is pumped through the body by the heart and contains plasma, blood cells and platelets.

Question 2.
What is plasma?
Answer:
Plasma is a straw-coloured watery fluid of the blood and lymph that contains no cells, but in which the blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes) are suspended.

Question 3.
Define the RBC (red blood cell).
Answer:
Red blood cell is disc-shaped, biconcave cells with no nucleus. It contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen to different parts of the body.

Question 4.
What is platelet?
Answer:
Platelet is an irregular, disc-shaped particle in the blood that assists in blood clotting.

Question 5.
What is the function of arteries?
Answer:
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body.

Question 6.
What is the function of veins?
Answer:
Veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from all parts of the body to the heart.

Question 7.
What is capillary?
Answer:
Capillary is any of the thin-walled, minute blood vessel connecting arterioles with venules.

Question 8.
What is heart?
Answer:
Heart is the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs. Its rhythmic contractions and relaxation pumps blood throughout the body.

Question 9.
How many types of blood vessels are there? Name them.
Answer:
There are three types of blood vessels:

• arteries
• veins
• capillaries

Question 10.
Name the four chambers of the heart.
Answer:

1. right atrium
2. left atrium
3. right ventricle
4. left ventricle

Question 11.
Where is the human heart located?
Answer:
The heart is located in the chest cavity.

Question 12.
What is excretion?
Answer:
The process of removal of wastes produced in the cells of the living organisms is known as excretion.

Question 13.
Write the names of two vascular tissues present in the plants.
Answer:

• Xylem
• Phloem

Question 14.
Define transpiration.
Answer:
Transpiration is the process by which excess water in plants evaporates through the stomata of the leaves.

Question 15.
Write the composition of urine.
Answer:
Urine consists of 95% water, 2.5% urea and 2.5% other wastes.

Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Differentiate between pulse and pulse rate.
Answer:

Question 2.
What is the use of a stethoscope? Explain its structure as well.
Answer:
Stethoscope is used by doctors to amplify the sound of the heart. It consists of two earpieces, a chest piece and a tube that joins these parts. With the help of this device, doctors can check out a disease by listening carefully to the heartbeat.

Question 3.
What is blood? What does it consists of?
Answer:
Blood is the fluid circulating through the heart, arteries, veins. It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and removes waste materials and carbon dioxide from the body. Blood consists of the liquid, i.e., plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and platelets.

Question 4.
What are the functions of blood?
Answer:
The functions of blood are:

• It transports oxygen to all parts of the body from the lungs.
• It transports the digested food to all parts of the body from the small intestine.
• It helps in removing waste products and carbon dioxide from the cells.

Question 5.
What do you mean by dialysis?
Answer:
If the kidneys of a person fail to function due to infection or injury, blood is filtered periodically by using an artificial kidney to eliminate the wastes from the blood. This process is called dialysis.

Question 6.
What kind of blood flows in the arteries and veins?
Answer:
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, whereas veins transport carbon dioxide-rich blood. Exceptionally, pulmonary artery carries carbon dioxide-rich blood (i.e., impure) and veins carry oxygen-rich blood (i.e., pure).

Question 7.
Explain the removal of urine from the body.
Answer:
After filtration, the urine reaches the urinary bladder by passing through ureter; it gets stored in the bladder. Whenever required, it gets eliminated through an opening called urethra.

Question 8.
Write the importance of heartbeat.
Answer:
The rhythmic contraction and relaxation constitute a heartbeat. Heartbeat helps in pumping the blood throughout the body.

Question 9.
How does the absorption of water and minerals take place in the plants?
Answer:
With the help of roots, plants absorb water and minerals. Roots contain root hair which are fine threadlike structures made of a single cell. Water and minerals from the soil enter root hair, pass through the secondary root and reach the vascular tissue, xylem. From xylem it is transported to all parts of the plant.

Question 10.
Why the heart has different chambers?
Answer:
Blood has to transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide. Hence the heart has different chambers to prevent mixing of oxygen-rich blood and carbon dioxide-rich blood with each other.

Question 11.
What is translocation. Where does it take place?
Answer:
Translocation is the process of transport of soluble products of photosynthesis from leaves to other parts. It occurs in phloem.

Question 12.
Explain the formation of urine.
Answer:
Blood contains nitrogenous wastes. These have to be removed from the body, since they are toxic and so are harmful for the body. The elimination is done by the kidneys.

Blood contains both useful and harmful substances. When it reaches the kidney, the filtration is done by its unit called nephron. The useful substances are absorbed back, whereas the harmful substances get eliminated as urine.

Question 13.
Where do plants store their waste products?
Answer:

• Plants store their waste products like gums and resins in the old xylem.
• Plants store wastes in vacuoles and leaves that fall off.

Question 14.
Write one function each of blood platelets and heart.
Answer:

• Blood platelets: They help in clotting of blood.
• Heart: It receives impure blood from veins, purifies it and then pumps the blood with sheer forces so that it could go to all parts of the body.

Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Write the structures and functions of blood vessels.
Answer:
The structures and functions of blood vessels are given as follows:
Arteries:
Structure: Arteries have thick elastic wall because they carry blood from the heart at a high pressure to other parts of the body.
Function: They carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body.

Veins:
Structure: They have thin walls comparatively to arteries because the blood flows with less pressure. Rather they have valves which prevents back flow of blood.
Function: They carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from all parts of the body to the heart.

Capillaries:
Structure: These are very thin blood vessels, having walls one cell thick.
Function: Across the thin wall of the capillaries, the exchange of gases and nutrients take place between the blood and the surrounding cells.

Question 2.
Explain the working of heart.
Answer:

1. Deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body enters the right chamber of the heart called right artium or auricle through superior and inferior vena cava.
2. As the atrium contracts deoxygenated blood flows from right atrium to right ventricle through tricupsid valve.
3. When ventricle is full tricupsid valve shuts to prevent backflow of blood into atrium.
4. The ventricle then contracts blood into pulmonary artery to reach the lungs where it get oxygenated.
5. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium of heart through pulmonary veins.
6. As the atrium contracts, oxygenated blood flows from left atrium to left ventricle through mirtal valve.
7. And when ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through aortic valve to the arteries. Arteries circulate blood throughout the body.

Question 3.
Draw a well labelled diagram of human heart.
Answer:

Question 4.
What are the various components of blood. Write function of each component.
Answer:
Blood has four main components, i.e., plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Function of various components are:

1. Plasma: Plasma is the watery component of blood. It suspends other components of blood. It contain many important dissolved substances, such as protein, electrolytes, nutrients, gases and waste products. It maintain the exact pressure of the blood.
2. Red blood cells: RBC contain haemoglobin protein, whose main function is to carry oxygen to all parts of the body and to bring carbon dioxide to the lungs.
3. White blood cells: Main function of WBC is to fight against infections diseases and foreign invaders.
4. Platelets: It helps in clotting of blood during injuries and thus, prevent excess loss of blood from our body.

Question 5.
Explain the excretion in birds, fishes, lizards, dogs and humans.
Answer:
The way of the elimination of waste products from the body of animals depends on the availability of water. Animals like birds and lizards excrete a white coloured, semi-solid product, known as uric acid. Aquatic animals (like fish) excrete the waste materials (i.e., ammonia) in the gaseous form which directly dissolve with water. Dogs and human beings excretes urea.

Question 6.
Explain human circulatory system with a well labelled diagram.
Answer:
Circulatory system is the life support system of our body that provides our body cells with nutrients and oxygen. It takes away waste product from the body cells. Our circulatory system comprises of the heart, blood, blood vessels and lungs.

1. Blood is the fluid that carries oxygen and nutrients to various parts of the body and takes away wastes and carbon dioxide from the cell for elimination.
2. Blood vessels comprises of arteries, veins and Capillaries. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to various parts of the body. Capillaries are single-walled vessels which exchange gases and nutrients from the cells.
3. Veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from different parts of the body to the heart.
4. Heart is a muscular organ with four chambers which pumps blood throughout the body. It pumps carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs for purification.
5. When it receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs it again pump this blood to arteries for transportation to various body parts.
6. Lungs helps in exchange of gases between air we breathe in and the blood. It helps in elimination of carbon dioxide from blood and making it rich in oxygen content.

Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
Which feature of heart does not allow mixing of oxygen-rich blood with carbon dioxide-rich blood?
Answer:
Heart is divided into four chambers and are protected with valves which prevent their backflow. Thus, these features prevent mixing of oxygen-rich blood with carbon-dioxide rich blood.

Question 2.
Why do doctor often holds our wrist when we go for a check up?
Answer:
Doctor holds our wrist to count our pulse rate and to check whether it is normal or not.

Question 3.
Why wall of right ventricle is thinner than that of the left ventricle?
Answer:
This is because the left ventricle has to pump blood all the way around the body, but the right ventricle only has to pump it to the lungs.

Question 4.
What will happen if oxygenated and deoxygenated blood gets mixed?
Answer:
Mixing of oxygenated blood with deoxygenated blood will lead to less oxygen supply to the cells. Under oxygen deficient condition, cells will not perform normally which may adversely affect the organism as a whole.

Question 5.
Does artery always carries oxygen-rich blood?
Answer:
No. Pulmonary artery carries carbon dioxide-rich blood from heart to the lungs.

Question 6.
Sponges and Hydra do not posses any circulatory system. How nutrients and oxygen is transported inside their body?
Answer:
The water in which sponges and Hydra live brings food and oxygen as it enters their bodies. The water also carries away waste material and carbon dioxide as it moves out. Thus, these animals do not need a circulatory system.

Question 7.
Water from soil moves inside the root cell but never comes out from root cell to soil. Why?
Answer:
Water always move from a region of its higher concentration to a region of its lower concentration. This process is called osmosis. Concentration of water is more in the soil compared to its concentration inside the root cell, so it move from soil to the root cell and not from root cell to the soil.

Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Extra Questions Value Based (VBQs)

Question 1.
While learning to ride a bicycle Satish lost his balance and fell down. He got a cut on his knee and it started bleeding. His sister Sujata on seeing this asked him to put pressure on the area with a clean handkerchief. She immediately rushed to her home to call her parents.
(a) How does applying pressure to a bleeding wound help?
(b) When we get small bruises, bleeding stops automatically after some time. Why?
(c) What would be the colour of wounded area? Why?
(d) Which type of blood cells are responsible for clotting of blood?
(e) What value of Sujata is shown here?

Answer:
(a) By applying pressure to a bleeding wound, we constrict the blood vessels manually and prevents too much loss of blood from the wound.
(b) Bleeding stops automatically in small bruises after some time due to clotting of blood.
(c) Colour of wounded area will be dark red due to formation of clot.
(d) Blood platelets.
(e) Sujata is intelligent, swift in her action, helpful, etc.

Question 2.
Natasha does not drink enough water according to her age. When her teacher came to knew about this, she called her. She explained her that if she won’t drink sufficient water then she may face many health issues including uremia. She understood the importance of water and started drinking 8-10 glasses of water everyday.
(a) What is uremia?
(b) What are the other health issues related with drinking less water?
(c) What is the role of water in elimination of waste?
(d) What values of Natasha is shown here?

Answer:
(a) Uremia is a disease which is caused due to raised level of urea in the blood.
(b) Dehydration, stomachache, dry skin, headache, restlessness, etc.
(c) Water helps in elimination of nitrogenous waste and other salts through excretion and sweating.
(d) Natasha is obedient, sincere and mature enough to understand her teacher.

In this page, we are providing Respiration in Organisms Class 7 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 10 pdf download. NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms with Answers will help to score more marks in your CBSE Board Exams.

Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Extra Questions and Answers Respiration in Organisms

Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms with Answers Solutions

Respiration in Organisms Class 7 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Where does cellular respiration take place?
Answer:
Cellular respiration takes place in the cells of all organisms.

Question 2.
What is aerobic respiration?
Answer:
The process of breakdown of glucose with the use of oxygen is called aerobic respiration.

Question 3.
Define inhalation.
Answer:
The process of taking in of air rich in oxygen into the body is called inhalation.

Question 4.
Which gas do humans take in while breathing?
Answer:
Oxygen

Question 5.
Which gas do humans give out while breathing?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide

Question 6.
Define exhalation.
Answer:
The process of giving out of air rich in carbon dioxide is called exhalation.

Question 7.
Give one usage of yeast.
Answer:
Yeast is used for making alcoholic beverages like beer, wine, etc.

Question 8.
State aerobic respiration with the help of an equation.
Answer:

Question 9.
State anaerobic respiration with the help of an equation.
Answer:

Question 10.
When do our muscle cells respire anaerobically?
Answer:
When there is a temporary deficiency of oxygen in the muscle cells; they begin to respire anaerobically.

Question 11.
Give two therapies to release muscle cramps.
Answer:

• Hot water bath
• Gentle massage.

Question 12.
What are the functions of hair and mucus inside the nose?
Answer:
Hair and mucus present inside the nose prevent dust, dirt and germs from entering the respiratory system of our body.

Question 13.
Name the breathing organs of fish.
Answer:
Gills

Question 14.
Where are the lungs of human beings present?
Answer:
Chest cavity

Question 15.
Name one significant process of getting energy.
Answer:
Respiration

Respiration in Organisms Class 7 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Define respiration.
Answer:
The process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances is termed as respiration.

Question 2.
Define anaerobic respiration.
Answer:
The process of breakdown of glucose without the use of oxygen is termed as anaerobic respiration. In this process, glucose is used to get energy and carbon dioxide and alcohol are made as waste products.

Question 3.
What are yeasts?
Answer:
Yeasts are single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding. They respire anaerobically and yield alcohol during the process. Hence, they are used in the making of alcoholic drinks, such as wine, beer, etc.

Question 4.
Why does anaerobic respiration take place in our muscles sometimes?
Answer:
During heavy physical work like cycling, running, jumping, etc., the demand of energy is high but the supply of oxygen is limited. Hence anaerobic respiration takes place in the muscle cells to fulfil the demand of energy.

Question 5.
What causes muscle cramps?
Answer:
Under anaerobic condition the partial breakdown of glucose produces lactic acid in the cells. The ac-cumulation of lactic acid causes muscles cramps.

Question 6.
What is breathing rate?
Answer:
The number of times a person breathes per minute is known as the breathing rate. A single breath means one inhalation and one exhalation; both take place alternatively.

Question 7.
Do we breathe only one gas at a time? If not, what amount of gases do we breathe respectively?
Answer:
No, we do not take in or give out only one gas at a time. The percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air are:

Question 8.
Why do we feel hungry after physical activity?
Answer:
During physical activity the demand of energy in the body increases. For the fulfilment of this energy requirement, we breathe faster, as a result of which oxygen is supplied to the cells. Hence, the rate of breakdown of food increases and more energy is released. So we feel hungry.

Question 9.
Explain the respiratory system in cockroaches.
Answer:
A cockroach has small openings on the sides of its body, called spiracles. It also has a network of air tubes called tracheae for gas exchange. Oxygen rich air rushes through spiracles into the tracheal tubes, diffuses into the body tissue and reaches every cell of the body. Similarly, carbon dioxide from the cells goes into the tracheal tubes and moves out through spiracles.

Question 10.
What are the harmful effects of smoking?
Answer:
Smoking damages lungs. Smoking is also linked to cancer.

Respiration in Organisms Class 7 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Describe the mechanism of breathing in human beings with a suitable diagram.
Answer:

• During inhalation, diaphragm moves down and ribs move up and outwards this movement increases space in our chest cavity and air rushes into the lungs. The lungs get filled with air.
• During exhalation, diaphragm moves up to its former position and ribs move down and inwards. The space in the chest cavity decreases and thus air from the lungs is forced to get out of the body through the air passage. This is known as exhalation.

Question 2.
What are the differences between cellular respiration and breathing.
Answer:

Question 3.
How does exchange of gases take place in fish? Draw a diagram of breathing organs in fish.
Answer:

Fish have gills for respiration. Gills are feathery organs full of blood vessels. A fish breathes by taking water into its mouth and forcing it out through the gill passages. As water passes over the thin walls of the gills, dissolved oxygen moves into the blood and travels to the fish’s cells. Likewise carbon dioxide from the fish’s cells moves into the blood and is eliminated out through gills into the water.

Question 4.
Differentiate between photosynthesis and respiration.
Answer:

Question 5.
Draw a well-labelled diagram
Answer:

Question 6.
Describe the process of breathing in human beings.
Answer:
When we breathe in, air enters through nasal cavity. The hair and mucus present in the nasal cavity traps dust and other particles present in air. Air from nasal cavity then reaches the pharynx in the neck region and the larynx. Below the larynx is the trachea. The trachea divides into two bronchi, right and left, which leads to the lungs.

In the lungs, each bronchus branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles. At the end of the bronchioles, small rounded structures called air sacs or alveoli are present. Each alveolus is made up of a very thin membrane surrounded by blood vessels. Exchange of gases occur in air sacs through the process of diffusion.

In short passage of air from nose can be depicted as:
Nose ➝ Nasal cavity ➝ Pharynx ➝ Larynx ➝ Trachea ➝ Bronchi ➝ Bronchioles ➝ Alveoli (air sac)

Respiration in Organisms Class 7 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
Why do we yawn, especially when we feel drowsy and sleepy?
Answer:
When we feel drowsy or sleepy our breathing rate slow down. The lungs do not get enough oxygen from air resulting in yawning. Yawning brings extra oxygen into the lungs.

Question 2.
Why do people often breathe out on the spectacles to clean them?
Answer:
The warm and moist exhaled air condenses on the surface of spectacles as water vapour. Thus, making spectacles wet helps, to clean them easily with the help of a cloth.

Question 3.
On a very cold morning Radhika was amused and wondered to see that the air coming out of her mouth looked like smoke. Help her to find the answer.
Answer:
On a cold day, when warm and moist air comes in contact with the cold air outside, it condenses into mist. This look like smoke.

Question 4.
Why do we feel relieved after a massage of the pain in the leg muscles due to cramps?
Answer:
Massage improves the circulation of blood leading to increased supply of oxygen in the muscle cells which helps in complete breakdown of lactic acid into C02 and water. Thus, help in relieving of the pain.

Question 5.
Pick the odd-one-out from each of the groups given below on the basis of respiratory organs. Give reason for your answer.

1. cockroach, grasshopper, snail, ant
2. lizard, cow, earthworm, snake
3. crocodile, whale, dolphin, fish
4. snake, tadpole, crow, goat

Answer:

1. Snail; as other breathe through tracheae
2. Earthworm; as other breathe through lungs
3. Fish; as other have lungs for respiration
4. Tadpole; as other breathe through lungs

Question 6.
What is difference between pores present in insects and leaves of a plant?
Answer:
Pores in insects are known as spiracles whereas pores in the leaves of a plant is known as stomata. The differences between these two pores are:

1. Spiracles are present on the sides of insects’ body whereas stomata are present more on the lower surface of leaves and fewer on the upper surface of leaves.
2. Spiracles lead to an extensive network of tracheal system which is absent in the leaves.
3. Spiracles are fewer in number as compared to stomata.

Respiration in Organisms Class 7 Extra Questions Value Based (VBQs)

Question 1.
A food stall owner for preparing dough for making bhaturas, added a pinch of yeast and sugar to the dough. He kept the mixture in a warm place. After few minutes, the dough increases in volume.
(a) Why did the dough increase in volume?
(b) Do you think there is any change in smell and taste of dough?
(c) Why was sugar added to the dough?
(d) What would have happened if the dough was kept in the refrigerator, soon after it was prepared?
(e) Name some similar phenomenon we observe in making other food items?
(f) Can we use some previous dough of bhatura instead of yeast to leaven the dough?

Answer:
(a) The C02 released during respiration by the yeast gets trapped inside the dough and result in increase in volume.
(b) The smell and taste of dough will change to sour due to formation of alcohol and acid by yeast.
(c) Sugar acts as source of carbohydrate for yeast.
(d) The dough would not have increased in volume. In low temperatures, yeast would not multiply and respire. Thus, affecting the process of fermentation.
(e) We use the same phenomenon in making bakery items and idli and dosa.
(f) Yes, because previous dough will also have yeast to leaven the dough.

In this page, we are providing Soil Class 7 Extra Questions and Answers Science Chapter 9 pdf download. NCERT Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 9 Soil with Answers will help to score more marks in your CBSE Board Exams.

Class 7 Science Chapter 9 Extra Questions and Answers Soil

Extra Questions for Class 7 Science Chapter 9 Soil with Answers Solutions

Soil Class 7 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Name the best soil for growing plants.
Answer:
Loamy soil

Question 2.
What is soil?
Ans.
The mixture of rock particles and humus is called the soil.

Question 3.
What is humus?
Answer:
The rotting dead matter in the soil is called humus.

Question 4.
What is silt?
Answer:
Silt is a granular material having size between sand and clay.

Question 5.
What is the soft, porous layer of the soil called?
Answer:
It is called top soil or the A-horizon.

Question 6.
Which soil has the largest water holding capacity?
Answer:
Clayey soil has the largest water holding capacity.

Question 7.
List some uses of clayey soil.
Answer:
Clayey soil is used to make pots, toys and statues.

Question 8.
What processes does formation of soil involve?
Answer:
Formation of soil involves two processes:

• Breaking of rocks
• Mixing of soil with organic matter.

Question 9.
What is horizon?
Answer:
The soil profile shows three district layers. These layers are called horizons.

Question 10.
What is soil moisture?
Answer:
Soil absorbs water and also hold water in it, which is known as soil moisture.

Question 11.
What do you mean by percolation?
Answer:
Percolation means to pass through a porous substance.

Question 12.
What is loamy soil?
Answer:
The soil with a mixture of silt, sand and clay in equal amount is called loamy soil.

Question 13.
What is soil profile?
Answer:
A vertical section through different layers of the soil is called the soil profile.

Question 14.
What is clayey soil?
Answer:
The soil with large amount of fine particles in it is called clayey soil.

Question 15.
What is bedrock?
Answer:
Bedrock is below the C’horizon. It is the unweathered rock which decides the kind of soil. Question

Question 16.
Which soil contains greater proportion of big particles?
Answer:
Sandy soil

Question 17.
What is soil?
Answer:
The uppermost layer of the earth’s crust in which plants grow is called soil.

Question 18.
What is soil erosion?
Answer:
The removal of top soil by the action of water and wind is called soil erosion.

Soil Class 7 Extra Questions Short Answer Type

Question 1.
Write four important properties of soil.
Answer:
Following are the four important properties of soil:

1. It absorbs water.
2. It contains air.
3. It allows water to percolate.
4. It supports all life on earth.

Question 2.
What do you mean by deforestation?
Answer:
The process of cutting of trees on large scale which harms the environment is known as deforestation.

Question 3.
How can soil erosion be prevented?
Answer:
Following are the steps by which we can prevent soil erosion:

1. By step-farming.
2. By preventing deforestation.
3. By constructing dams.
4. By planting more and more trees.

Question 4.
List the six types of soil found in India.
Answer:
Following are the six types of soil found in India:

1. Red soil
2. Black soil
3. Alluvial soil
4. Desert soil
5. Mountain soil
6. Laterite soil

Question 5.
How is soil formed?
Answer:
Soil is formed from weathering of rocks which is also known as parent material. Weathering of rocks can be caused by two methods: physical and chemical.

Question 6.
What is meant by reforestation?
Answer:
Large scale plantation or renewing forest cover in place of destroyed or existing forests is called reforestation.

Question 7.
What is humus?
Answer:
Nutrient materials formed by the breakdown of plant and animal remains by the action of bacteria and other microorganism is called humus. Humus increases the water holding capacity of the soil and provide nutrients to the growing plants.

Question 8.
What are the uses of soil?
Answer:

1. Soil supports growth of all living organisms.
2. It act as habitat for many organisms.
3. Soil are sources of minerals and salts.
4. Soil is used for making bricks, houses, toys, pots, etc.

Soil Class 7 Extra Questions Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Explain physical properties of soil.
Answer:

1. Soil colour: Soil can be black, red, brown or grey in colour.
2. Water-holding capacity: The ability of a particular soil to hold water is called its water holding capacity.
3. Soil texture: Roughness, grittiness and smoothness are the properties which gives soil texture. It depends on the amount of sand, silt and clay in a particular soil.
4. Acidity or alkalinity: Based on minerals and salts found in a particular area, the soil may be acidic or alkaline. Determining this property of soil is very important to decide which kind of vegetation can be grown in that area.
5. Soil structure: Soil structure refers to the way in which soil particles aggregates together. Soil structure modifies the effect of texture in regard of nutrient availability, moisture and air content.

Question 2.
What is soil? Write few lines about different types of soil.
Answer:
Soil is a substance which makes up the surface of the earth. It holds inorganic and organic substances and dead parts of plants and animals.
The soil is classified on the proportion of particles of various sizes:

1. Sandy soil: Soil contains lot of sand and is light in weight. This type of soil has a lot of air spaces and has high percolating rate. It has least water holding capacity and is poor in nutrients.
2. Clayey soil: The soil with large amount of clay particles in it is called clayey soil. It has the highest water holding capacity. It is heavy and does not let air pass through it easily.
3. Loamy soil: The soil with a balanced mixture of humus, sand and clay is called loamy soil. The best topsoil for growing plants is loamy soil because of its good water holding capacity. It is fit for cultivation.

Question 3.
What is percolation rate? Define with its formula.
Answer:
Percolation is the process of passage of water from the surface into the soil. The rate of percolation is different for different types of soils. The rate of percolation depends on soil structure and texture. A soil with more percolation rate will hold water for shorter time and vice versa. Sandy soil has highest percolation rate whereas clayey soil has least percolation rate.

The rate of percolation can be calculated by using the following formula:
Amount of water (mL/min.) = \(=\frac{\text { Amount of water }(\mathrm{mL})}{\text { Percolation time }(\mathrm{min} .)}\)
For example, if for a given sample of soil, it took 20 minutes for 200 mL to percolate then,
Percolation rate = \(\frac {200 mL}{20min.}\) = 10 mL/min

Question 4.
Explain soil profile with a suitable diagram.
Answer:
Soil profile is a vertical section through different layers of soil. Each layer differs in feel (texture), colour, depth and chemical composition.
These layers are referred to as horizon.

1. Horizon-A: It is the uppermost layer and is dark in colour due to presence of humus and minerals. This layers provide shelter to many organisms. The roots of small plants are embedded entirely in the top soil.
2. Horizon-B: This layer contains lesser amount of humus but more minerals. This layer is generally harder and more compact.
3. Horizon-C: This layer is made up of small lumps of rocks with cracks and crevices. Below this layer is the bedrock.

Question 5.
What are the various factors that influence soil formation?
Answer:
Soil is formed from the weathering of parent rocks. Formation of soil is a continuous process. This process is affected by various factors like climate, time, parent material, relief, etc.

1. Time: Soil formation need time. A newly exposed surface will have very little soil if any, while old surfaces will have deeper soils.
2. Climate: Temperature and humidity of a place has key role in the formation of soil. Warmer climate with more rainfall will speed up the formation of soil.
3. Relief: This refers to landscape position and the slopes it has. In steep slope water will run down faster eroding its surface. In gentle slope less erosion of top soil will occur and in flat land erosion will be least, and soil will be found.
4. Parent material: The soil formed will carry the characteristics of its parent material such as colour, texture, structure, mineral composition and so on. The nature of parent material also decide how long it will take to form soil.

Soil Class 7 Extra Questions HOTS

Question 1.
Is it a good practice to remove grass and small plants from open or unused filed? Why?
Answer:
No, because roots of grass and small plants bind the soil particles and hold them in place. Thus, they help to prevent soil erosion.

Question 2.
In Rajasthan, during rainy season, several rivulents of rainwater is a common scene but stream of water is very rare. Explain.
Answer:
Deserts have vast stretches of sand. Sandy soil has high rate of percolation. So it percolates rainwater immediately downwards in the spaces between sand.

Question 3.
Why continuously water-logged soils are harmful for standing crops?
Answer:
In water-logged soils, water occupies the spaces between soil particles and thus making roots deprive of available air. This affects of growth of the crops and consequently the crops die.

Question 4.
Why gardeners gently dig up the soil around the roots of garden plants frequently?
Answer:
Gardeners gently dig up the soil around the roots of garden plants to

1. remove weeds
2. aerate the soil
3. facilitate percolation
4. loose the soil for easy root growth

Question 5.
Why water table is very deep in cities in comparison to villages?
Answer:
In cities vast areas of soil are concreted and their is very less space for percolation of water. In cities, consumption of water is more as it is highly populated. In contrast to cities condition in villages it is quite opposite. It has more areas for percolation, more vegetation, good water cycle, etc. Thus, water table is very deep in cities in comparison to villages.

Soil Class 7 Extra Questions Value-Based (VBQs)

Question 1.
Being a part of project assignment Prabha and Priyanka, both planted some ornamental plants in their school garden individually. Prabha always kept the surrounding ground of the plant clear and watered it regularly. Priyanka did not removed the litter around the plants, watered them and sometime gently dig up the soil around the roots.
(a) Who do you think will be able to grow healthier plant?
(b) What is the role of humus?
(c) Is providing excessive fertilisers to the plant good?
(d) What values of Priyanka and Prabha are shown here?

Answer:
(a) Priyanka will be able to grow healthier plant because she didn’t removed the litter from the soil which will aid in providing nourishment to the plant on degradation. Digging gently around the plant will help in better root penetration, recycling of nutrients, providing air and increasing water holding capacity of soil.
(b) The dead and decomposed organic matter in the soil is called humus. It plays a very important role in maintaining fertility of the soil, increasing water holding capacity, changing soil structure for sustaining plant growth, etc.
(c) No. Excessive fertilisers increase soil alkalinity or acidity and thus declines plant growth.
(d) Both, Priyanka and Prabha are sincere with the work assigned to them. Prabha, is inexperienced in growing plants. Priyanka, on other hand, is skilled and understand the needs of plants.

Question 2.
When Tanya’s teacher asked her about the components of soil, she remained unanswered. So her teacher gave her home task to dig some soil form the garden and to observe it carefully under the hand lens. Tanya’s teacher also asked her to write observations of the activities like, dissolving soil in water and weighing salt before and after drying it. Tanya in her observations found that soil contains small organisms, dead and decaying matter, air, gravel, plastic articles, moisture, etc.
(a) Are all components listed by Tanya correct? Why?
(b) How one of the soil component listed by Tanya is not good for soil health?
(c) Name same soil pollutants.
(d) What value of Tanya is shown here?

Answer:
(a) No, because plastic articles are not naturally found in the soil but are added to it due to human activities.
(b) Plastic articles are not easily degradable by soil microbes. They can also kill the beneficial organisms living in the soil and can also clog the soil porosity.
(c) Plastic, polythene, chemicals, pesticides, etc.
(d) Tanya is obedient, hardworking and a good observant. She noted down all the things as instructed by her teacher.