CBSE Class 7

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are a member of a nomadic community that shifts residence every three months.
How would this change your life?
Answer.
As a member of nomadic community and shifting residence every three months my life would be very different.

• We would move from one place to another in caravans.
• Our belongings, animals etc. would move with us therefore no permanent houses.
• We would live on milk and pastoral products.
• We would exchange pastoral products for grains, cloth, utensils etc with settled agriculturists.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
garh                                    khel
tanda                               chaurasi
labourer                            caravan
clan                            Garha Katanga
Sib Singh                      Ahom state
Durgawati                           paik
Answer.
garh                                chaurasi
tanda                               caravan
labourer                             paik
clan                                    khel
Sib Singh                      Ahom state
Durgawati                   Garha Katanga

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks:

1. The new castes emerging within varnas were called .……..
2. …………………. were historical works written by the Ahoms.
3. The ………… mentions that Garha Katanga had 70,000 villages.
4. As tribal states became bigger and stronger, they gave land grants to ………….. and …………..

Answer.

1. Jatis
2. Buranjis
3. Akbar Nama
4. Temples, Brahmanas.

Question 3.
State whether true or false:

1. Tribal societies had rich oral traditions.
2. There were no tribal communities in the north-western part of the subcontinent.
3. The chaurasi in Gond states contained several cities.
4. The Bhils lived in the north-eastern part of the subcontinent.

Answer.

1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False.

Question 4.
What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?
Answer.
The following kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists.

• They exchanged milk, other pastoral products such as wool, ghee, etc.
• Agriculturists gave them grain, cloth, utensils, and other products.

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
How was the administration of the Ahom state organised?
Answer.
The Ahom state depended upon forced labour. Those forced to work for the state were known as peaks.
A census of the population was taken. Each village had to send a number of paiks by rotation.
People of densely populated areas were shifted to thinly populated areas. Ahom clans were thus broken up. By the first half of the 17th century the administration became quite centralised.

Question 6.
What changes took place in a varna-based society?
Answer.
The following changes took place in varna-based society:

1. Smaller castes or jatis emerged within varnas.
2. Many tribes and social groups were taken into caste-based society and given the status of jatis.
3. Specialised artisans-smiths, carpenters and masons – were also recognised as separate jatis by the Brahmanas.
4. Jatis rather than varna, became the basis for organising society.
5. Among the Kshatriyas, new Rajput clans became powerful by the eleventh and twelfth centuries.

Question 7.
How did tribal societies change after being organized into a state?
Answer.
The tribal societies changed in the following manner:

1. They began to evolve a centralised administrative system.
2. Some social divisions within a tribal society also took place.
3. Tribal kings began to grant land to Brahmanas, poets, and scholars.
4. Tribal kings also wished to be recognized as other famous kings of the subcontinent, such as.
5. Tribal kingdoms began to annex smaller neighboring kingdoms. For example, Ahom annexed kingdoms of Chhutiyas and Koch- Hajo.
6. In order to build a large state, Ahoms used firearms.
7. Literary development such as translation of Sanskrit works into the local language and writing history in the Ahom language were also new developments.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 8.
Were the Banjaras important for the economy?
Answer.
Yes, the Banjaras were the most important nomadic traders and were important for the economy.

1. They were hired by merchants, they bought grain where it was cheaper and carried it to places where it was costlier.
2. From there they took something else for another place.
3. Alauddin Khalji used Banjaras to transport grains to city markets.
4. They found mention in the memoirs of Jahangir and were even used by Mughal army during campaigns.

Question 9.
In what ways was the history of the Gonds different from that of the Ahoms? Were there any similarities?
Answer.
The history of the Gonds was different from that of the Ahoms in the following ways:

• The Gonds lived in a vast forested region called Gondwana. The Ahoms migrated to the Brahmaputra valley from present-day Myanmar in the 13th century.
• The Gonds practised shifting cultivation. The Ahoms did not practice this type of cultivation.
• The Gond society was not as much developed as the Ahom’s. The Ahoms built a large state by using firearms. They could even make high-quality gunpowder and cannons.
• Ahom society was very sophisticated. Poets and scholars were given land grants. Theatre was encouraged. We do not find these things in Gond society.

There were many similarities between the Gonds and Ahoms:

• Both were capable of building large states.
• Both had to face Mughal attack. Despite their brave defence, both were defeated by the Mughals.
•  Both of them granted land to the Brahmanas, who became very influential.
• We find the administration centralised in the history of the Gonds as well as the Ahoms.

LET’S DO

Question 10.
Plot the location of the tribes mentioned in this chapter on a map. For any two, discuss whether their mode of livelihood was suited to the geography and the environment of the area where they lived.
Answer.
Please see the map. The two examples where geography suited their livelihoods are:

Ahom settled in the northeastern part of the country. They experienced heavy rainfall. They introduced new methods of rice cultivation that required more water. They were engaged in building dams and irrigation systems.

Bhils lived in the western part of the country. It had fertile land and forests. By the 16th century many of them led a settled life of agriculturists. Many remained hunter-gathers.

Question 11.
Find out about present-day government policies towards tribal populations and organise a discussion about these.
Answer.
Present-day government policies towards tribal populations are very positive.

• Education is being spread in the tribal areas.
• Facilities like roads, water, electricity have been increased.
• The government is doing activities for the overall upliftment of the tribal populations.
• The government has enforced reservation for them in government jobs. This policy of the government has helped the tribal people in many ways. They are now joining the mainstream of society.
• The government is also determined to protect its cultural and social traditions.

Question 12.
Find out more about present-day nomadic pastoral groups in the subcontinent. What animals do they keep? Which are the areas frequented by these groups?
Answer.
Some of the main present-day nomadic pastoral groups of the subcontinent are-Gujjars (J & K), Gaddis (Himachal), Bhotiyas, Monpas (north-east), Raikas (Rajasthan), Banjaras (Central India), Dhangars (Maharashtra) and Maldharis (Gujarat). These pastoralists keep sheep, buffaloes, camels, etc.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Find out how grain is transported from villages to cities at present. In what ways is this similar to or different from the ways in which the Banjaras functioned? (NCERT Page 95)
Answer.

1. At present grain is transported through bullock carts, buggies, trucks, and tempos. Tractor trollies are extensively used to carry grains.
2. This is different from the ways of the Banjaras as they carried grains on the back of the oxen.

Question 2.
Discuss why the Mughals were interested in the land of the Gonds. (NCERT Page 99)
Answer.

1.  The Mughals were very ambitious. They desired to expand their kingdom in the land of the Gonds.
2. Garha katanga was a rich state. It earned much wealth by trapping and exporting elephants to other kingdoms.
3. The Mughals desired to capture a huge booty of precious coins and elephants {which had great importance in the army) of the Gondwana.

Question 3.
Why do you think the Mughals tried to conquer the land of the Ahoms? (NCERT Page 100)
Answer.
The Mughals tried to conquer the land of Ahoms because of the following reasons:

1. Their land was fertile and produced a variety of crops.
2. The Mughals were engaged in expanding their kingdom.
3. The Ahom state was large and was a source of big revenue.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 9 A Bicycle in Good Repair are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 9 A Bicycle in Good Repair.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 9 A Bicycle in Good Repair

IMPORTANT PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION

Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option :
Question 1.
I assured ; “easily enough in the morning ; goes a little stiffly after lunch.” (Page 126)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The remark implied
(a) the author was an early riser
(b) the author liked to cycle in the morning
(c) the author liked to cycle in the afternoon
(d) the author to be a professional rider
Answer.
(b) the author liked to cycle in the morning
Question 2.
To cycle in the afternoon was
(a) refreshing
(b) annoying
(c) difficult
(d) easy
Answer.
(b) annoying

Question 3.
The mood swings happen
(a) due to the timings of the day
(b) due to sumptuous lunch
(c) due to heavy lunch
(d) due to light lunch
Answer.
(c) due to heavy lunch

Question 2.
“Don’t you trouble about it any more ; you will make yourself tired. Let us put it back and get off.”   (Page 127)
Questions.

1.  Who is the speaker of the above passage ?
2.  Who is being spoken to ?
3.  What is the work being done ?

Answers.

1.  The owner of the bicycle is the speaker.
2.  He is speaking to his friend who was trying to mend the bicycle.
3.  The bicycle is being repaired.

Question 3.
“People talk like that who understand nothing about machines. Nothing is easier than taking off a gear-case.”   (Page 129)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The friend cautioned the author about the people
(a) who were just idiots
(b) who were not his friends
(c) who knew nothing about machines
(d) who were non-riders
Answer.
(c) who knew nothing about machines

Question 2.
The friend was an expert in taking off the gear-case as it took him
(a) five minutes to dismantle it
(b) less than five minutes to put it in two pieces
(c) just five seconds to throw it off
(d) all the above
Answer.
(b) less than five minutes to put it in two pieces

Question 3.
Who were effected by the friend’s repairs ?
(a) both the author and the cycle
(b) the bicycle
(c) the author
(d) the friend became tired
Answer.
(a) both the author and the cycle

Question 4.
“Watching you do this is of real use to me. It is not only your skill that fascinates me, it is your cheery confidence in yourself, your inexplicable hopefulness, that does me good.”
(Page 131)
Questions.

1.  Is the speaker of these words happy ?
2.  What fascinates the speaker ?
3.  What does he mean by inexplicable hopefulness ?

Answers.

1.  No. In fact he is very unhappy.
2.  The speaker is fascinated at the behaviour of his friend. Though he is making the bicycle from bad to worse, he hopes to mend it.
3.  The confidence of the friend cannot be explained. He is doing everything wrong, yet he
   hopes to set everything right.

Question 5.
The bicycle, I was glad to see, showed spirit; and the subsequent proceedings degenerated into little else than a rough-and-tumble fight between him and the machine. (Page 131)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The bicycle showed spirit as it finally defeated him
(a) the handles hit him sharply over the head
(b) he continued repairing it
(c) the friend was tired
(d) the author was flushed with victory
Answer.
(a) the handles hit him sharply over the head

Question 2.
The proceedings were defined as
(a) bicycle on the gravel and the friend over it
(b) friend on the gravel and the bicycle over him
(c) a rough tumble fight between them
(d) none of the above
Answer.
(c) a rough tumble fight between them him

Question 3.
The ultimate triumph was that of
(a) the author
(b) the friend
(c) the cycle
(d) none of the above
Answer.
(d) none of the above

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

Comprehension Check (Page 128)
Question 1.
“I got up early, for me.” It implies that
(i) he was an early riser.
(ii) he was a late riser.
(iii) he got up late that morning.
Mark the correct answer.
Answer.
(ii) he was a late riser.

Question 2.
The bicycle “goes easily enough in the morning and a little stiffly after lunch.” The remark is
(i) humorous.
(ii) inaccurate.
(iii) sarcastic.
(iv) enjoyable.
(v) meaningless.
Mark your choice(s).
Answer.
(iv) enjoyable.

Question 3.
The friend shook the bicycle violently. Find two or three sentences in the text which express the author’s disapproval of it.
Answer.
(i) “Don’t do that ; you’ll hurt it”.
(ii) “It doesn’t if you don’t wobble it”.
(iii) “Don’t you trouble about it any more ; you will make yourself tired.”

Question 4.
“… if not, it would make a serious difference to the machine.” What does “it’ refer to ?
Answer.
‘It’ refers to the loss of bearings’.

Working with the Text (Page 132)

Answer the following questions.
Question 1.
Did the front wheel really wobble ? What is your opinion ? Give a reason for your answer.
Answer.
No, the front wheel did not really wobble. The author had already tried the bicycle and was pleased with it. Even the friend had said that it was a good-looking machine.

Question 2.
In what condition did the author find the bicycle when he returned from the tool shed ?
Answer.
When the author returned from the tool shed, the front wheel had been taken off the bicycle. The friend was sitting on the ground with the front wheel between his legs. He was playing with it. The remnant of the machine was lying on the gravel path beside him.

Question 3.
“Nothing is easier than taking off the gear-case.” Comment on or continue this sentence in the light of what actually happens.
Answer.
The friend is right that ‘nothing is easier than taking off the gear-case’ but as he realised later, it was very difficult to refix it.

Question 4.
What special treatment did the chain receive ?
Answer.
First the chain became so tight that it would not move at all. Then it became twice as loose as it was before.

Question 5.
The friend has two qualities—he knows what he is doing and is absolutely sure it is good. Find the two phrases in the text which mean the same.
Answer.
“Cheery confidence” and “inexplicable hopefulness”.

Question 6.
Describe the fight between the man and the machine. Find the relevant sentences in the text and write them.
Answer.
“The bicycle showed spirit; and the subsequent proceedings degenerated into little less than a rough and tumble fight between him and the machine. One moment the bicycle would be on the gravel path and he on the top of it, the next, the position would be reversed-he on the gravel path, the bicycle on him. Now he would be standing flushed with victory, the bicycle firmly fixed between his legs. But his triumphs would be short-lived. By a sudden quick movement it would free itself and, turning upon him, hit him sharply over the head with one of its handles.”

Working with Language

Question 1.
Read the following sentences.

•  We should go for a long bicycle ride.
•  I ought to have been firm.
•  We mustn’t lose any of them.
•  I suggested that he should hold the fork, and that I should handle the wheel.
  The words in italics are modal auxiliaries. Modal auxiliaries are used with verbs to express notions such as possibility, permission, willingness, obligation, necessity etc. Should’, ‘must’ and ‘ought to’ generally express moral obligation, necessity and desirability. Look at the following.
•  We should go on a holiday. (suggestion : It is a good idea for us to go on a holiday.)
•  He is not too well these days. He must see a doctor before he becomes worse. (compulsion or necessity : It is absolutely essential or necessary for him to see a doctor.)
•  You ought to listen to me. I am well over a decade older than you. (more emphatic than ‘should’ : Since I am older than you, it is advisable that you listen to me.)

Note. “Should’ and ‘ought to’ are often used interchangeably.
Rewrite each of the following sentences using should/ought to/must in place of the italicised words. Make other changes wherever necessary.
(i) You are obliged to do your duty irrespective of consequences.
…………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………..
(ii) You will do well to study at least for an hour every day.
…………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………..
(iii) The doctor says it is necessary for her to sleep eight hours every night.
…………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………..
(iv) It is right that you show respect towards elders and affection towards youngsters.
……………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
(v) If you want to stay healthy, exercise regularly.
…………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………….
(vi) It is good for you to take a walk every morning.
………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
(vii) It is strongly advised that you don’t stand on your head.
………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………….
(viii) As he has a cold, it is better for him to go to bed.
…………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………….
Answers.
(i) You must do your duty irrespective of consequences.
(ii) You should study at least for an hour every day.
(iii) The doctor says she must sleep eight hours every night.
(iv) You ought to show respect towards elders and affection towards youngsters.
(v) To stay healthy, you must exercise regularly.
(vi) You should take a walk every morning.
(vii) You must not stand on your head.
(viii) As he has a cold, he should go to bed.

Question 2.
Use should/must/ ought to appropriately in the following sentences.
(i) People who live in glass houses …………. not throw stones.
(ii) You ….. wipe your feet before coming into the house, especially during the rains.
(iii) You …… do what the teacher tells you.
(iv) The pupils were told that they ………… write more neatly.
(v) Sign in front of a park : You ……….. not walk on the grass.
(vi) You ……… be ashamed of yourself having made such a remark.
(vii) He left home at 9 o’clock. He …….. be here any minute.
(viii) “Whatever happened to the chocolate cake ?” “How ……… I know ? I have just arrived.”
Answers.
(i) should
(ii) must
(iii) must
(iv) should
(v) must
(vi) ought to
(vii) should
(viii) should

Question 3.
Two or more single sentences can be combined to form a single sentence.
Read the following.
I made an effort, and was pleased with myself.
This sentence is in fact a combination of two sentences.

•  I made an effort
•  was pleased with myself.
  Now read this sentence.
  I did not see why he should shake it.
  This is also a combination of two sentences.
•  I did not see (it).
•  Why should he shake it ?

Divide each of the following sentences into its parts. Write meaningful parts. If necessary, supply a word or two to make each part meaningful.

1. I went to the tool shed to see what I could find. (3 parts)
2. When I came back he was sitting on the ground. (2 parts)
3. We may as well see what’s the matter with it, now it is out. (3 parts)
4. He said he hoped we had got them all. (3 parts)
5. I had to confess he was right. (2 parts)

Answers.

1.  I went to the tool shed.
   I went to see.
   What could I find ?
2.  I came back.
   He was sitting on the ground.
3.  We may as well see.
   What is the matter with it ?
   Now, it is out.
4.  He said.
   He hoped.
   We had got them all.
5.  I had to confess
   He was right.

Question 4.
‘en’ acts as a prefix (put at the beginning) or as a suffix (put at the end) to form
new words.

‘en’ at the beginning or at the end of a word is not always a prefix or a suffix. It is then an integral part of the word.

(i) Now arrange the words given in the box under the three headings, prefix, suffix and part of the word.

en (prefix)        en (suffix)             en (part of word)
………….                  …………….                …………………
………….                  …………….                …………………
………….                  …………….                ………………….
Answers.
en (prefix)          en (suffix)            en (part of the word)
encourage           dampen                 listen
endanger             soften                    barren
enclose                fasten                     even
enable                 weaken                   enclave
(ii) Find new words in your textbook and put them under the same headings.
Answers.
List of some new words from the textbook :
en (prefix)         en (suffix)               en (part of the word)
enjoy                   loosen                     dozen
en-route              tighten                    sudden
enact                   deepen                    kitchen
encircle                strengthen              happen
open

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 9 A Bicycle in Good Repair help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 9 A Bicycle in Good Repair, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 7 The Invention of Vita Wonk are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 7 The Invention of Vita Wonk.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 7 The Invention of Vita Wonk

IMPORTANT PASSAGES FOR COMPREHENSION

Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow by choosing the correct option :
Question 1.
“So once again I rolled up my sleeves and set to work. (Page 99)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Willy Wonka’s next challenge was
(a) invention of Wonka-Vite
(b) invention of Willy-Vite
(c) the invention of Vita-Wonk
(d) the invention Vita-Vite
Answer.
(c) the invention of Vita-Wonk

Question 2.
Willy was not happy with
(a) Wonka-Vite
(b) Willy-Vite
(c) Wonka-Vita
(d) Vita-Vite
Answer.
(a) Wonka-Vite

Question 3.
The invention of Vita-Wonk
(a) made people young
(b) made people old
(c) made people disappear
(d) made people live five hundred years
Answer.
(b) made people old

Question 2.
‘What is the oldest living’ thing in the world ? What lives longer than anything else ?” (Page 99)
Questions.

1.  Who is the speaker of these lines ?
2.  Why is he asking these questions ?
3.  To whom is he speaking ?

Answers.

1.  Mr Willy Wonka is the speaker of these lines.
2.  He is asking these questions as he is trying to invent a drug which can make people
   older than what they are.
3.  He is speaking to himself.

Question 3.
“I tracked down very old and ancient animals and took an important little bit of something from each one of them—” (Page 101)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Willy Wonka had to take ……
(a) old and ancient animals
(b) old trees
(c) an important little bit of
(d) only the essence of the Pine something from them
Answer.
(c) an important little bit of

Question 2.
The ‘track-down’ process became speedier due to
(a) Charlie
(b) the Inventing Room
(c) the Great Glass Elevator
(d) Willy Wonka
Answer.
(c) the Great Glass Elevator something from them

Question 3.
The wonder was possible only
(a) if Charlie helped Willy
(b) if all the important little bit was mixed
(c) if all animals were very old
(d) if it was heated
Answer.
(b) if all the important little bit was mixed

Question 4.
I produced one tiny cupful of oily black liquid and gave four drops of it to a brave twenty-year-old Oompa-loompa volunteer to see what happened.” (Page 102)
Questions.

1.  Who is ‘l’ in the passage ?
2.  What is the name of the ‘black liquid’ ?
3.  Why is the volunteer called ‘brave ?

Answers.

1.  l’ in the passage refers to Mr Willy Wonka.
2.  Vita Wonk.
3.  The volunteer has offered himself for the experiment of a new drug. A new drug may be
   very dangerous for the body. So he is rightly called ‘brave’.

Question 5.
And thus, my dear Charlie, was Vita-Wonk invented.” (Page 102)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The extract is addressed to
(a) Charlie
(b) The cook
(c) Willy
(d) The volunteer
Answer.
(a) Charlie

Question 2.
Vita-Wonk was invented
(a) easily
(b) hurriedly
(c) after great labours
(d) not to help the people grow old
Answer.
(c) after great labours

Question 3.
Vita-Wonk is ……
(a) a wonderful drug
(b) not going to be successful
(c) a rage amongst the people
(d) very expensive
Answer.
(a) a wonderful drug

TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

Comprehension Check (Page 101)
Question 1.
Choose the right answer.
(i) Mr Willy Wonka is
(a) a cook,
(b) an inventor,
(c) a manager.
Answer.
(b) an inventor

(ii) Wonka-Vite makes people
(a) older,
(b) younger.
Answer.
(b) younger

(iii) Mr Wonka wants to invent a new thing which will make people
(a) younger,
(b) older.
Answer.
(b) older

Question 2.
Can anyone’s age be a minus number ? What does “minus 87” mean?
Answer.
A man starts ageing from the moment he is born. Since then, it is all plus. Thus
no one’s age can be a minus number. So ‘minus 87′ means that after 87 years, he will become zero and start aging then. In other words, such a man will come to earth after eighty-seven years.

Question 3.
Mr Wonka begins by asking himself two questions.
What are they?
(i) What is ….
(ii) What lives …….
Answer.
(i) What is the oldest living thing in the world ?
(ii) What lives longer than anything else ?

Working with the Text (Page 102)

Question 1.
(i) What trees does Mr Wonka mention ? Which tree does he say lives the longest ?
(ii) How long does this tree live ? Where can you find it ?  (Imp.)
Answers.
(i) Mr Wonka mentions several trees. The four important ones are—Douglas Fir, Oak and Bristlecone pine. Of them he says Bristlecone pine lives the longest. It lives for 4000 years.
(ii) Bristlecone pine lives upto 4000 years. It can be found on the slopes of Wheeler Peak in Nevada U.S.A.

Question 2.
How many of the oldest living things can you remember from Mr Wonka’s list ? (Don’t look back at the story !) Do you think all these things really
exist, or are some of them purely imaginary ?
Answer.
Mr Wonka mentions many of the oldest things. Some of these things do not really exist. These are purely imaginary. He says he collected a pint of sap from a 4000-year-old Bristlecone pine. He mentions a list of many things like the toe-nail clippings of a 168-year-old Russian farmer, an egg of a 200-year-old tortoise, the tail of a 51-year-old horse in Arabia, the whiskers of a 36-year-old cat called Crumpets, an old flea, the tail of a 207-year-old giant rat from Tibet.

Question 3.
Why does Mr Wonka collect items from the oldest things ? Do you think this is the right way to begin his invention ?   (Imp.)
Answer.
Mr Wonka collects items from the oldest things because he thinks that a drug prepared from them will make the person who consumes it, old. This does not seem to be the right way to begin his invention.

Question 4.
What happens to the volunteer who swallows four drops of the new
invention ? What is the name of the invention ?
Answer.
The volunteer who swallows the four drops of the new invention, suddenly becomes very old. His hair drop off, his teeth start falling. He begins wrinkling and shrivelling up all over. He is a twenty-year-old man but now he looks seventy five.

Working with Language

Question 1.
What do you call these insects in your language ?

काकरोच, मच्छर, टिड़डा, मक्खी, माक्खा, चींटी

Add to this list the names of some insects common in your area.
Answer.
Termite, fly, bee, beetle, wasp and butterfly.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks in the recipe given below with words from the box.

Easy Palak-Dal

INGREDIENTS

•  One ………
•  One cup dal
•  Two thin green chillies
•  ………. a teaspoon red chilli powder
•  Eight small bunches of palak
•  Two ……..
•  Salt to taste

Wash and cut the vegetables : ……. the palak. Put everything in a pressure …….. . Let the cooker whistle three …….. , then switch it off. Fry a few cumin seeds in …….. and add to the palak-dal.
Answers.

•  One onion
•  One cup dal
•  Two thin green chillies
•  Half a teaspoon red chilli powder
•  Eight small bunches of palak
•  Two tomatoes
•  Salt to taste

Wash and cut the vegetables ; shred the palak. Put everything in a pressure cooker. Let the cooker whistle three times, then switch it off. Fry a few cumin seeds in oil and add to the palak-dal.

Question 3.
A ‘family tree’ is a diagram that shows the relationship between the different members of a family. Fill in the family tree below with names, ages, and other details you think are relevant (you may even stick photographs, if you have them). Put your family trees up in the class.
Answer.
Students should collect information about their family and prepare this family-tree themselves

Speaking

Using Do for Emphasis
Charlie asks, “What did happen ?” This is a way of asking the question “What happened ?” with emphasis. Given below are a few emphatic utterances. Say them to your partner. Let your partner repeat your utterance without the emphasis. Your partner may also add something to show she/he disagrees with you.

You                  :   I did study.
Partner             :  You studied ? I don’t believe you. Look at your marks!
You                  :  I did go there.
(a) PARTNER   : You went there? Then …..
You                  :  I do play games.
(b) PARTNER   : ……..
You                  : He does read his books.
(c) PARTNER    : ………..
You                   : You do say the most unbelievable things !
(d) PARTNER    : ………
You                   : The earth does spin around.
(e) PARTNER    : ………
You                   : We all do want you to come with us.
(f) PARTNER     : ………
You                   : who does know how to cook?
(g) PARTNER    : ……
You                   : I do believe that man is a thief.
(h) PARTNER    : ……
Answers.
(a) Partner         :   You went there? Then why didn’t I see you ?
(b) Partner         :   You play games ? Then why don’t you have any certificate ?
(c) Partner         :  He reads his books ? I don’t believe you. Look at his marks.
(d) Partner         :  You think I say unbelievable things !
(e) Partner         :  The earth spins around ? Who says so ?
(f) Partner          :  You all want me to come with you ? Then, why didn’t you invite                                                                   me earlier ?
(g) Partner         :  I’m afraid, I don’t know how to cook.
(h) Partner         :  You believe that man is a thief ? There is no evidence against him.

Writing

Question 1.
(i) Make a list of the trees Mr Wonka mentions. Where do these trees grow? Try to find out from an encyclopaedia. Write a short paragraph about two or three of these trees.
(ii) Name some large trees commonly found in your area. Find out something about them (How old are they? Who planted them ? Do birds eat their fruit ?), and write two or three sentences about each one of them.

Question 2.
Find out something interesting about age, or growing old, and write a paragraph about it. Following are a few topics, suggested as examples.
• The age profile of a country’s population-does it have more young people than old people, or vice versa ? What are the consequences of this ?
• How can we tell how old a tree, a horse, or a rock is ?
• What is the ‘life expectancy’ of various living things, and various populations (how long can they reasonably expect to live) ?
Answers.
Question 1.
(i) Mr Wonka mentions the following four trees :
(a) Douglas fir
(b) The oak
(c) The cedar
(d) Bristlecone pine.
Douglas fir is an evergreen tree. It is a giant tree which grows in North America.
The oak is a very huge tree of the beech family. It is chiefly grown in America. A sea-port in W. California, on San Francisco is called oak-land.
The cedar are tall trees with wide spreading branches. Famous for its wood it is found in many countries including India, Nepal and other Asian countries.
Bristlecone pine is a small pine. It is found in rocky mountains. It is believed to be the oldest living tree with some 4000 year old specimens.
Oak and cedar are the most well-known and useful trees of these. Their wood is very useful. It is used as building material. Cedar wood is used in making beautiful furniture.
(ii) Neem, peepal and jamun are some of the large trees very commonly found in our area. They live for many years but not as long as oak or Bristlecone pine. Peepal grows by itself. Nobody seems to have planted them. Neem and jamun are the favourites of the villagers. Neem has medical properties while the fruit of jamun is very sweet and healthful. The birds eat jamuns and also the neem-fruit.

Question 2.
“Grow old along with me,
The best is yet to be
The last of life for which the first was made.”
The above lines from Browning show the beauty of age. This is indeed the best part of life for those who have lived the earlier parts well. In our country, India, the majority of the population is young. The great benefit of it is that these people are able to work hard for the progress of the country. Today, we have scientific methods by which we can measure the age of a human being, a plant or a rock. Various living things have different life expectancy. Generally small creatures like worms and insects have a very short span of life. Most animals live a life shorter than that of most human beings. However some snakes and sea-animals live very long. The elephants too live long. Human beings have a life expectancy of 80-100 years.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 7 The Invention of Vita Wonk help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 English Honeycomb Chapter 7 The Invention of Vita Wonk, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are a Rajput prince. How would you like your story to be told?
Answer.

• Warrior
• Fighter
• Valiant
• True to their clan

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Match the following:
Anantavarman                          Kerala
Jagannatha                               Bengal
Mahodayapuram                      Orissa
Lilatilakam                                Kangra
Mangalakavya                            Puri
Miniature                                  Kerala
Answer.
Anantavarman                           Orissa
Jagannatha                                 Puri
Mahodayapuram                       Kerala
Lilatilakam                                  Kerala
Mangalakavya                           Bengal
Miniature                                   Kangra

Question 2.
What is Manipravalam? Name a book written in that language.
Answer.
Manipravalam which literally means “diamonds and corals”, refers to the two languages — Sanskrit and the regional language of Kerala. A book dealing with grammar and poetics – Lilatilakam. was written in Manipravalam.

Question 3.
Who were the major patrons of Kathak?
Answer.
Mughals and Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh were the major patrons of Kathak.

Question 4.
What are the important architectural features of the temples of Bengal?
Answer.
The main architectural features of the temples of Bengal are as under:

1. The brick and terracotta temples of Bengal were built with the support of several “low” social groups.
2. Initially, local deities were worshipped in thatched huts in villages.
3. But, as soon as Brahmanas gave recognition to these local deities, temples were built for them.
4. Temples copied the double-roofed or four-roofed structure of the thatched huts.
5. This led to the evolution of the typical Bengali style in temple architecture. For example, “Bangla Dome”.
6. In the complex of four-roofed structures, four triangular roofs placed on the four walls move up to converge on a curved line and a point.
7. Temples were usually built on a square platform.
8. The interior was relatively plain, but the outer walls of many temples were decorated with paintings, ornamental tiles or terracotta tablets.

LET’S DISCUSS

Question 5.
Why did minstrels proclaim the achievements of heroes?
Answer.

1. Minstrels preserved the memories of the heroes.
2. Their poems and songs inspired others to follow the examples of the heroes.
3. Ordinary people were also attracted by these stories, songs and poems.
4. These stories have great emotions, loyalties, friendship, love, valour, anger etc.

Question 6.
Why do we know much more about the cultural practices of rulers than about those of ordinary people?
Answer.
Rulers adopted many methods to preserve their achievements, such as minstrels singing their heroic stories, paintings inscriptions, historical worth, a donation to temples, etc., while ordinary people did not do anything to preserve the records of their heroic deeds. Therefore, we know more about the cultural practices of rulers than about those of ordinary people.

Question 7.
Why did conquerors try to control the temple of Jagannatha at Puri?
Answer.
The conquerors tried to control the temple of Jagannatha at Puri because of the following reasons:

1. Control of the temple would make the local people accept their rule.
2. The temple had huge wealth, collected from offerings.

Question 8.
Why were temples built in Bengal?
Answer.
The temple builders of Bengal wanted to demonstrate their power and proclaim their piety. Therefore, they built temples.

LET’S DO

Question 9.
Describe the most important features of the culture of your region, focusing on buildings, performing arts, and painting.
Answer.
Most Important features of our culture and our region:

1. Hindu culture
2. Worship of gods and goddesses.
3. Celebrations of numerous festivals the year-round.
4. Huge temples.
5. Bhajans and Kirtans.
6. Paintings of gods and goddesses.

Question 10.
Do you use different languages for (a) speaking, (b) reading, (c) writing? Find out about one major composition in language that you use and discuss why you find it interesting.
Answer.
(a) Speaking: Khadi Boli
(b) Reading: Hindi
(c) Writing: Devnagari
Do this yourself with the help of your history teacher.

Question 11.
Choose one state each from north, west, south, east and central India. For each of these, prepare a list of foods that are commonly consumed, highlighting any differences and similarities that you notice.
Answer.

Question 12.
Choose another set of five states from each of these regions and prepare a list of clothes that are generally worn by women and men in each. Discuss your findings.
Answer.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
Find out how many states have been created in the last 10 years. Is each of these states a region? (NCERT Page 122)
Answer.
Three: (in 2000)

• Uttaranchal (Now Uttarakhand)
• Chhattisgarh
• Jharkhand
• Telangana

Yes, each of these states is a region.

Question 2.
Find out when the language(s) you speak at home was first used for writing. (NCERT Page 123)
Answer.
Probably in ninth century.

Question 3.
Find out whether there are traditions of heroes /heroines in your town or village.
What are the qualities associated with them? In what ways are these similar to or different from the heroic ideals of the Rajputs? (NCERT Page 126)
Answer.
One example:

• Yes. Banda Veer Bairagi.
• Brave and fearless.
• Never surrendered to Mughals. He was killed (cut in pieces) by the Mughal emperor.

Question 4.
Find out more about any one of these dance forms. (NCERT Page 127)
Answer.
Kathakali is thfe dance form in which the dancer shows various poses along with singing a religious theme.

Question 5.
Why do you think the second category of texts was not written down? (NCERT Page 132)
Answer.
Because they were recited orally. Their date cannot be confirmed. They were popular in eastern Bengal.

Question 6.
Compare the temple shown here with that in Chapter 2. (NCERT Page 133)
Answer.
The temple shown here has a big Shikhara over a big dome while the temple shown in Chapter 2 is in a triangular shape with numerous statues of gods and goddesses shown on the outer walls.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 9 The Making of Regional Cultures, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans.

NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans

NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES

IMAGINE
You are a peasant in Alauddin Khalji’s or Muhammad Tughluq’s reign and you cannot pay the taxes demanded by the Sultan. What will you do?
Answer.
Peasants in:

Alauddin Khalji’s Reign
• We will have to forego our land

Muhammad-bin-Tughluq’s Reign
• Heavy penalties will be imposed.

LET’S RECALL

Question 1.
Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Answer.
Tomara Rajput ruler.

Question 2.
What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans?
Answer.
Persian.

Question 3.
In whose reign did the Sultanate reach its farthest extent?
Answer.
In Muhammad-bin-Tughluq’s reign.

Question 4.
From which country did Ibn Battuta travel to India?
Answer.
From Morocco (Africa).

LET’S UNDERSTAND

Question 5.
According to the circle of justice’, why was it important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind?
Answer.
Military commanders provided protection and secure the peasants who could pay taxes only if they were prosperous and happy. And taxes resulted in salaries of military commanders. This shows that both peasants and commanders were interdependent on each other.

Question 6.
What is meant by the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ frontiers of the Sultanate?
Answer.
Internal frontiers: Hinterland of the garrison towns.
External frontiers: Areas beyond the hinterland of the garrison towns.

Question 7.
What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties? Why do you think they may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans?
Answer.
The steps taken are given below:

• Accountants were appointed by the state to check the amount of revenue collected by the
• Care was taken that the muqti collected only the taxes prescribed by the state and not more than that.
• It was also taken care that he kept only the required number of soldiers.

The multis may have wanted to defy the orders to the Sultans because their appointment was not hereditary. Also, their job was transferable. What is more, the conditions of service were severely imposed on them which they did not like.

Question 8.
What was the impact of the Mongol invasions on the Delhi Sultanate?
Answer.

1. It led to military and market reforms under Alauddin Khalji.
2. A vast standing army was established under Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Tughluq to confront Mongol forces.
3. The areas laying in the north-west frontier, from where Mongols invaded saw the building of garrison towns and numerous strategic forts.
4. The revenue was increased upto 50% of the produce.
5. Soldiers were paid cash salaries instead of iqtas or land grants as salary.
6. The administrative system was made more efficient due to Mongol invasions.
7. Muhammad Tughluq built Daulatabad, a new capital city and introduced the “token” currency in order to mobilise resources to fight Mongol army.
8. He also planned to invade Mongol capital in Transoxiana, but plan was aborted.

Question 9.
Do you think the authors of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women?
Answer.
Yes, the author of the Tarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women.

Question 10.
Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Do you think women leaders are accepted more readily today?
Answer.
Yes, I think like that. The situation has changed today. Due to the spread of education, people now realize the potential of women. So, they have started accepting them as leaders. Even in rural areas now we see women Sarpanches and Councillors.

Question 11.
Why were the Delhi Sultans interested in cutting down forests? Does deforestation occur for the same reasons today?
Answer.
The Delhi Sultans cleared the forests in the Ganga-Yamuna doab and gave these lands to peasants in order to encourage agriculture. They also established new fortresses and towns in these lands to protect trade routes and to promote regional trade.

No, deforestation does not occur for the same reasons today. Nowadays, vegetation cover is being reduced due to over-population, urbanization, and commercialization.

LET’S DO

Question 12.
Find out whether there are any buildings built by the Delhi Sultans in your area. Are there any other buildings in your area that were built between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries? Describe some of these buildings, and draw sketches of them.
Answer.
Yes, there are several. Some of them are Buildings built between 12th and 15th century

• Jamali-Kamali Mosque.
• Sirifort.
• Begumpuri Mosque.
• Moth Ki Masjid.
• Raziyya’s Tomb.
• Qutb Minar.
• Tugalakabad Fort
• Firuz Shah Kotla
• Purana Quila

Sketches: Do this yourself.
Other Buildings
• Lai Quila, Jama Masjid.

INTEXT QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

Question 1.
What are the four stages in the preparation of a manuscript? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
Four stages in the preparation of a manuscript are as under:

1.  Preparing the paper.
2.  Writing the text.
3.  Melting gold to highlight important words and passages.
4.  Preparing the binding.

Question 2.
Do you think the circle of justice is an appropriate term to describe the relationship between the king and his subjects? (NCERT Page 32)
Answer.
The Circle of Justice
Fakhr-i-Mudabbir wrote in the thirteenth century
A king cannot survive without soldiers. And soldiers cannot live without salaries. Salaries come from the revenue collected from peasants. But peasants can pay revenue only when they are prosperous and happy. This happens when the king promotes justice and honest governance.

Question 3.
Express Minhaj’s ideas in your own words. Do you think Raziyya shared these ideas? Why do you think it was so difficult for a woman to be a ruler? (NCERT Page 33)
Answer.

1. Mirihaj expressed that women were subordinate to men. But due to her qualities, she (Rajiyya) gained and rose to the throne of Delhi.
2. Minhaj-i Siraj thought that the Queen’s rule went against the ideal social order created by God.
3. Raziyya did not share these ideas and on her inscriptions and coins, Raziyya mentioned that she was the daughter of Sultan Iltutmish.
4. It was difficult for women to be a ruler because women were considered the weaker sex. This was in contrast to Queen Rudramadzir who changed her name (from Rudramadevi) and pretended to be a man.

Question 4.
Compare Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5. What similarities and differences do you notice amongst the mosques? The mosques in Figures 3, 4, and 5 show an evolution in an architectural tradition that culminates in Shah Jahan’s mosque in Delhi. (NCERT Page 37)
Answer.
Similarities and differences in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 (See NCERT pages 36-37).

1. Fig 2. Quwwat al- Islam mosque and minaret
   • Built during the last decade of the 12th century in Dehli-i-Kuhna as a congregational mosque
   • Enlarged by Iltutmish and Alauddin Khalji
   • It has large spaces for Namaz unlike other mosques
2. Fig 3 Begampuri mosque
   • Built during Md. Tughluq’s reign in Jahanpanah( sanctuary of the world’
   • It had a huge gate
3. Fig 4 Moti ki Masjid
   • Built during Sikander Lodi’s reign by his minister
   • It also has a huge gate
4. Fig 5 Mosque of Jamali Kamali
   • It was built in late 1520s
   • This too had a huge gate

Question 5.
Can you think of any reason why a slave would be better than a son? (NCERT Page 38)
Answer.

1. Because slaves are more faithful and dedicated in comparison to sons.
2. Sons are fed and when they are grown up they begin to defy their parents.

Question 6.
Why do you think Barani criticized the Sultan? (NCERT Page 38)
Answer.
Ziyauddin Barani Criticised Sultan for his loss of political judgment and incapacity to rule. He was not in favour of certain administrative appointments made by Md. Tughluq like Aziz Khummar, a wine distiller, Firuz Hajjam, a barber, Manka Tabbakh, a cook, Ladha and Pira, gardener.

Question 7.
Describe the ways in which the chieftains arranged for their defence. (NCERT Page 40)
Answer.

1. Ibn Battuta, a fourteenth-century traveller from Morocco, Africa, explained that chieftains sometimes
2. Fortified themselves in mountains, in rocky, uneven, and rugged places as well as in bamboo groves.
3. In India the bamboo was not hollow; it was big. Its several parts were so intertwined that even fire could not affect them, and they were on the whole very strong.
4. The chieftains lived in these forests which served them as ramparts.
5. Inside them were their cattle and their crops.
6. There was also water for them within, except rainwater which collected there. Hence they could not be subdued except by powerful armies.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 3 The Delhi Sultans, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.