CBSE Class 6

On this page, you will find Garbage In Garbage Out Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 16 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 16 Garbage In Garbage Out will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Notes Garbage in Garbage Out

Garbage in Garbage Out Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. The unwanted, unused, and useless things are called waste.

2. There are three main sources of waste – domestic, agricultural and industrial.

3. The three types of wastes are solid waste, liquid waste and gaseous waste.

4. The waste on the basis of their ability to get decomposed are categorized as biodegradable waste and non- biodegradable waste.

5. Waste than can be broken down into simpler compounds by the activity of organisms are known as biodegradable waste.

6. Waste that cannot be broken down easily into simpler compounds by the activity of organisms are known as non-biodegradable waste.

7. The process of collection, removal, processing and proper disposal of waste is known as waste management.

8. The collected waste is first segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.

9. Biodegradable waste can be converted into compost.

10. The method of converting biodegradable waste into compost by the activity of redworms is known as vermicomposting.

11. Vermicompost can be used as manure as it is rich in humus and minerals.

12. Landfill s a low-lying area where garbage collected from a city or town is dumped. This area is later converted into a park or playground.

13. Nowadays, it is difficult to think without plastics. Most of the things around us are made of plastics.

14. Effect of excessive use of plastic bags on the environment are quite devastating. It is non-biodegradable, on burning produces harmful gases, choke soil pores and drains, can cause death of animals by blocking their intestine and releases poisonous substances if food items are kept in these.

15. We must generate very less waste and think before disposing waste.

16. We must recycle paper to get useful products and to save trees.

17. We must follow 3R’s-reduce, reuse and recycle to avoid problem of waste accumulation.

Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Notes Important Terms

Compost: A mixture of various decaying organic substances which is used to fertilise soil is known as compost.

Composting: The process of converting plants, animals and kitchen wastes into manure by rotting is known as composting.

Garbage: Domestic wastes, refuse, discarded rubbish, used plastic items and wrapping materials like polythene and plastic bags are called garbage.

Landfill: A landfill is a low-lying open area of ground where the garbage collected from a city may be dumped.

Recycling: The process of converting waste materials into reusable materials is known as recycling.

Vermicomposting: The process of making compost from kitchen wastes like peels of vegetables and fruits, tea leaf wastes, etc., by using redworms is known as vermicomposting.

Waste: Unwanted or unusable remains or by-products of materials or food is called waste.

On this page, you will find Air Around Us Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 15 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 15 Air Around Us will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 15 Notes Air Around Us

Air Around Us Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Moving air is called wind.

2. We can’t see air but we can feel it when,

• the clothes hanging on a rope sway.
• leaves and branches of trees rustle or flutters.
• kite fly high up in the sky.
• husk from grains or sawdust and sand can be separated by winnowing.

3. Air is a gaseous substance and thus we can compress it easily.

4. The important properties of air are:

• Air is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gaseous substance.
• Air occupies space.
• Air dissolves in water.
• Air can be compressed easily.
• Air is present everywhere around us though we cannot see it.

5. Our earth is surrounded by a thin layer of air which extends up to many kilometres above the surface of the land is called

6. Air is a mixture of many gases. The major component of air is nitrogen gas. The second major component is oxygen gas.

7. Air also contains small amount of carbon dioxide gas, water vapour and some other gases like helium, argon, neon, etc.

8. Nitrogen is a colourless, tasteless, and odourless gas. It is slightly soluble in water and this gas is important for all living beings.

9. Oxygen is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas. It is slightly soluble in water. This gas is essential for breathing (or respiration) and burning.

10. Carbon dioxide is a colourless and odourless gas. It is moderately soluble in water. Carbon dioxide is needed by plants to carry out photosynthesis. It extinguishes a burning fire.

11. Excess accumulation of carbon dioxide in a room may cause suffocation.

12. The presence of water vapour in the air is important for the water cycle in nature. Water vapour present in air rises high in the sky along with hot air, gets cooled, condenses to form clouds and then brings rain on the earth.

13. The dust particles are always present in air.

14. The sources for the dust particles are blowing of wind, traffic on the roads, dusting at home, etc.

15. Air should always be inhaled by nose instead of mouth because fine hair and mucous are present inside the nose to prevent dust particles from entering into our respiratory system.

16. Smoke is produced mainly by burning of fuels like wood, coal, kerosene, petrol and diesel, etc. It is always harmful.

17. Smoke is emitted through the exhaust pipes connected to the engines of vehicles, etc.

18. The animals living in water are called aquatic animals.

19. The plants living in water are called aquatic plants.

20. In the presence of sunlight, plants use carbon dioxide and water to make food by the process of photosyn­thesis and produce oxygen gas.

21. The animals and plants use oxygen from the air for respiration and give out carbon dioxide gas.

22. Air is useful for human beings in many ways:

• Air is used for breathing purpose.
• Air is used for burning fuels to make fire.
• Air also helps in the dispersal of seeds and pollens of flowers of several plants.
• Compressed air is used to fill tyres of various kinds of vehicles.

Class 6 Science Chapter 15 Notes Important Terms

Atmosphere: The envelope of air which surrounds the earth is known as atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is a colourless and odourless gas. Co₂ is slightly soluble in water. It is the major component of air.

Oxygen: Oxygen is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas. It is soluble in water. Oxygen gas is essential for breathing (or respiration).

Nitrogen: Nitrogen is the major component of air. It is a colourless, tasteless and odourless gas. Nitrogen is slightly soluble in water.

Smoke: Smoke consists of fine carbon particles and some gases. Smoke is produced by burning of fuels like wood, kerosene, petrol, diesel, etc. Smoke is always harmful.

Windmill: Windmill is a huge apparatus which is rotated by wind. It is used to draw water from tube wells, run flour mills and generate electricity.

On this page, you will find Water Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 14 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 14 Water will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Notes Water

Water Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Water is one of the elixir of life.

2. Nearly 70 per cent of Earth’s surface is covered with water but only 2.5 per cent of it is fresh.

3. We need water for drinking, cooking food, washing utensils, brushing teeth, watering plants, etc.

4. Flowing water is used for producing electricity in hydroelectric power plants.

5. The place from where we get water is called a source of water.

6. The water which we use is obtained from sources such as rivers, lakes, ponds, wells and springs.

7. The two main sources of water on land are glaciers/snow mountains and rain.

8. The largest sources of water on earth are oceans.

9. Water is considered as a renewable resource on the earth.

10. Being highly saline ocean water is not fit for drinking, other domestic purposes, agriculture or industrial uses.

11. The continuous circulation of water from earth’s surface to atmosphere, and from atmosphere back to earth is called water cycle in nature.

12. The process in which a liquid changes to its gaseous state in room temperature also is called evaporation.

13. The loss of water from plants as water vapour through the pores of their leaves is called transpiration.

14. When water vapours rises higher, it cools down, due to the lower temperature at higher altitudes, to form water droplets. This process is known as condensation. When these tiny droplets come together, form clouds.

15. The water which had escaped from the earth as vapour returns to the earth in form of

• rain
• snowfall
• hail.

16. Most of the water that falls on the earth in the form of rain flows down to the oceans. Some of it percolates down into the soil and is available to us as groundwater, well water, tube well water, etc.

17. Process in which water passes through different layers of solid is called infiltration.

18. When it rains heavily for a long time, we get excess rainfall resulting in too much water all around. This causes floods.

19. A prolonged period of no rains or very low rains, all around, cause shortage of water leading to drought.

20. It is very important that water should be used carefully. We should take care that water should not get wasted.

21. The various ways to conserve water or minimise the wastage of water at home are:

• Turn off the tap immediately after use.
• Take bath by filling water in a bucket.
• Do not use a full flush from the cistern in the toilet. Water harvesting is the activity of collection of rainwater directly by various means.

22. Harvested water can either be used immediately or it can be stored for later use.

23. The two techniques of rainwater harvesting are:

• Roof top rainwater harvesting.
• Open Tank/Drain water harvesting.

Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Notes Important Terms

Cloud: The mass of tiny droplets formed by the condensation of water vapour which we see floating high in the atmosphere is called cloud.

Condensation: The changing of water vapour into water on cooling is called condensation.

Drought: An extended period of dryness is called drought.

Evaporation: The process of conversion of water into water vapour is called evaporation.

Flood: An overflow of a large amount of water beyond its normal limits especially over what is normally dry land is called flood.

Groundwater: The water which percolates through the upper layer of the earth’s surface and gets collected on the solid rocks beneath is called groundwater.

Hail: The frozen water from the clouds which falls on the earth in the form of small, round pieces of ice is called hail.

Ocean: The biggest body of water surrounding the 70 per cent of earth’s surface is called ocean.

Rainwater harvesting: The activity of collecting rainwater directly and store it in big tanks for later use is called rainwater harvesting.

Snow: The frozen or solid form of water is called snow.

Water vapour: The gaseous form of the water is called water vapour.

Water cycle: The continuous circulation of water from the earth’s surface to atmosphere and from the atmosphere back to the earth is called water cycle.

On this page, you will find Fun with Magnets Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 13 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 13 Notes Fun with Magnets

Fun with Magnets Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Magnets are very useful materials.

2. The word magnet is derived from the old French word magnet which means lodestone.

3. The ore from which magnet is extracted is called magnetite.

4. Magnets are classified as-Natural magnets and Artificial magnets.

5. Magnetic materials are those which get attracted to magnets, e. g., iron, nickel and cobalt.

6. Non-magnetic materials are those that do not get attracted to magents, e. g., paper, wood, plastic, etc.

7. The ends of magnet are called poles. One is the north pole and the other is the south pole.

8. Attraction is maximum at the poles of a magnet.

9. Magnets are also used for finding directions.

10. A freely suspended magnet always comes to rest in the north-south direction.

11. The like poles of the magnets repel each other whereas unlike poles attract each other.

12. There are several methods of making magnets.

13. Rubbing a permanent magnet on an iron can make the iron a temporary magnet.

14 Temporary magnets lose their property of magnetism after a short period of time.

15. Permanent magnets do not lose their property of magnetism even after a long period of time.

16. The permanent magnets can also lose their magnetism and get demagnetized if hammered or heated or dropped from a height.

17. A magnet also loses its magnetism if it is not stored properly.

18. Bar magnets must always be stored in pairs with their opposite poles on the same side.

19. Magnets are used in ATM cards, credit cards, audio cassettes, floppy disks, generators, etc.

Class 6 Science Chapter 13 Notes Important Terms

Compass: A small glass containing as magnetized needle pivoted on a nail is called compass.

Magnet: A substance that has the property of attracting objects made of iron, cobalt and nickel is called magnet.

Magnetite: The ore of iron which has magnetic properties is called magnetite.

North pole: When suspended freely, one pole of the magnet always pointed towards north. This is known as north pole.

South pole: When suspended freely, the end of a magnet which points towards south is known as south pole.

On this page, you will find Electricity and Circuits Class 6 Notes Science Chapter 12 Pdf free download. CBSE NCERT Class 6 Science Notes Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

CBSE Class 6 Science Chapter 12 Notes Electricity and Circuits

Electricity and Circuits Class 6 Notes Understanding the Lesson

1. Electricity is a form of energy. It has made our life comfortable and luxurious.

2. Electricity is useful in many ways such as lighting, heating, running various domestic appliances like electric fans, coolers, air conditioners, washing machines, computers, etc.

3. An electric cell is a device which produces a small amount of electricity. It has two terminals, one is positive (+ve) while the other is negative (-ve). It is the most common source of electricity used in various appliances such as radio, torch, remote, etc.

4. An electric cells is of two types:

• Primary cell and
• Secondary cell.

5. Primary cell: A cell which stops producing electricity when the chemicals are used up completely. It is ‘ used in a torch, clock, toy, etc.

6. Secondary cell: A cell that can be recharged using electricity. Once the chemicals inside such cells are used up, they are recharged and they start producing electricity. It is used in mobile phone, car batteries, laptops, etc.

7. An electric bulb is a device that runs on electricity. It glows when | electric current passes through it. It has a filament that is connected to its terminals.

8. The thin wire in the bulb which emits light is called filament of the bulb. It is made up of tungsten metal. It has high resistance for current and has high melting point. It does not get oxidised even at very high temperature.

9. The combination of two or more than two cells is called battery.

10. An electric switch is a simple ‘on’ and ‘off device that allows or stops the flow of current, without disturbing its connections.

11. The path along which the electric current flows is called a circuit. It is the complete path, from one terminal of the cell (say positive) through the bulb and back to the other terminal (say negative). The circuit must be complete for an electric current to flow.

12. A circuit where connections are not intact is an incomplete circuit or open circuit whereas a circuit with all connections intact is a complete circuit or closed circuit.

13. The bulb with a broken filament is called a fused bulb. Such a bulb cannot give light.

14. The materials which allow the electric current to pass through them are called Most of the metals are conductors like gold, silver, copper, etc. Beside metals, moist air, salt solution, impure water are also conductors of electricity. Our body is also a good conductor of electricity.

15. The materials which do not allow electric current to flow through them are called insulators; e.g., mica, dry air, pure water, ebonite, glass, wood, etc.

16. There is a device called conduction tester to test whether the given material is a conductor or insulator.

Class 6 Science Chapter 12 Notes Important Terms

Electricity: It is a form of energy which is carried through wires and is used to operate various machines.

Electric cell: It is a source of electricity used in most of the appliances of our daily use such as radio, remote, audio system, etc.

Battery: A combination of two or more electric cells is called battery.

Electric bulb: An electric bulb is one of the simplest electrical device that runs on electricity. It gives us light only when the filament inside it gets heated to a high temperature.

Filament: The thin metal wire of tungsten inside a bulb, which glows when an electric current is passed through it, due to heating effect.

Electric switch: An electric switch is a simple device which can allow or stop the flow of current.

Electric circuit: The complete closed path from one terminal of the electric cell through the bulb and back to the other terminal of the cell is known as electric circuit.

Conductors: The materials through which the electric current can pass are called conductors.

Insulators: The materials through which the electric current cannot pass are called insulators.

Terminals: The connecting points of an electric device are called terminals. One endpointis called as positive (+ve) terminal and the other one as negative (-ve) terminal.