CBSE Class 6

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes History Chapter 1 SST What, Where, How and When? will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

What, Where, How and When? Class 6 Notes Social Science History Chapter 1

CBSE Class 6 History Chapter 1 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. Past can be known by the help of evidence of that time or period.

2. Those, who study the past in a systematic way, are called ‘Historians’.

3. Manuscripts and Inscriptions are the important ways to find out about the early people.

4. Archaeologists are those who study the ancient objects including Manuscripts and Inscriptions.

5. Many manuscripts and inscriptions were found from many places.

6. Manuscripts were usually written on palm leaf or the bark of the birch tree.

7. In manuscripts, the languages used are: Sanskrit, Prakrit and Tamil.

8. We can know about the earlier people-what they ate, wore, what kind of houses they had, what they grew as crops.

9. We can find out about the life of people viz. Rulers, farmers, hunters, merchants, artists etc.

10. Early people lived along the bank of river Narmada.

11. They also knew about the use of plants, its roots, fruits, leaves, stalks, etc.

12. They also hunted animals.

13. ‘Sulaiman’ and ‘Kirthar’ hills are situated in the North-West.

14. About 8000 years ago, the man had first grown crops such as wheat and barley.

15. Early people also began rearing of animals like sheep, goat and cattle.

16. Agriculture also developed in the North-East ‘Garo Hills’ and in Central India (Vindhyas).

17. On the bank of the Indus River and its tributaries cities flourished/developed about 4700 years ago.

18. On the bank of the Ganga and its tributaries, cities also developed about 2500 years ago.

19. The area situated in the south of the Ganga was known as ‘Magadha’ in ancient times.

20. Men and women travelled from one place to another for the search of livelihood and also to avoid floods and droughts and other natural calamities.

21. Our country is known from two names i.e. India and Bharat. The word India came from the Indus and Bharat from the Rigveda.

22. Dates are mostly written as BC, BCE, AD & CE.

What, Where, How and When? Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Travelling: Can be referred as ‘visit’. The early man travelled to fulfil his needs particularly for food.

Manuscript: The word is derived from the Latin word ‘manu’ meaning ‘hand’ and ‘script’ meaning ‘writing’. Thus manuscripts are ancient evidence which are written long ago on palm leafs or bark of trees.

Inscription: These are written records on hard surfaces like stones or metals by engraving.

Archaeology: Archaeology is study of objects made and used in past.

Historians: Those, who study the past in a systematic way, are called ‘Historians’.

Source: Here ‘Source’ refers to different type of evidences which are used by Archaeologists and Historians to know the past status.

Decipherment: This is a process to read the ancient languages.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 8 SST India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife Class 6 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 8

CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter 8 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. Due to changes in temperature, rainfall and sunshine etc., day to day weather is also changed.

2. The weather may be hot or cold; sunny or cloudy; windy or calm.

3. The major seasons recognized in India are: Winter (December to February); Summer (March to May); Rainy (June to September); Autumn (October to November).

4. Winter season is also called “Cold Weather Season”. The Sun rays do not fall directly in the region. As a result the temperatures are quite low in northern India.

5. Summer season is also called “hot weather season”. In this season Sun rays more or less directly fall in this region. Temperature becomes very high. Hot and dry winds called loo, blow during the day.

6. Rainy season is also called “South West Monsoon Season”. In this season the winds blow from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal towards the land. These airs carry moisture with them. When these winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs. .

7. Autumn is also called “Season of Retreating Monsoons”. In this season winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal. The southern part of India particularly Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh receive rainfall in this season.

8. The climate of India has broadly been described as monsoon type. The climate of a place is affected by its location, altitude(height), distance from sea and relief. Therefore, we experience regional differences in the climate of India.

9. Jaisalmer and Bikaner in the desert of Rajasthan are very hot, while Drass and Kargil in Jammu and Kashmir are freezing cold.

10. Coastal places like Mumbai and Kolkata experience moderate climate.

11. Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives the world’s highest rainfall.

12. The grasses, shrubs and trees which grow on their own without interfere of help from called natural vegetation.

13. Different types of natural vegetation are dependent on different climatic conditions, amount of rainfall is very important.

14. Vegetation of India can be divided into five types-

• Tropical evergreen or rain forest,
• Tropical deciduous forest,
• Thorny bushes,
• Mountain vegetation and
• Mangrove forest.

15. Tropical Rain forests occur in the areas which receive heavy rainfall. They are so dense that Sunlight doesn’t reach the ground. Many species of trees are found in these forests. The trees shed their leaves at different time of the year. These always appear green. Mahogany, ebony and rosewood are trees found in these areas. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, parts of north-eastern states and a narrow strip of the Western slope of the Western Ghats are home of these forests.

16. Tropical deciduous forests are found in a large part of our country. These forests are also called monsoon forests. They are less dense. They shed their leaves at a particular time of the year. Important trees of these forests are sal, teak, peepal, neem and shisham. They are found in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and in parts of Maharashtra.

17. Thorny bushes vegetation is found in dry areas of the country. The leaves are in the form of spines to reduce the loss of water. Cactus, khair, babool, keekar are important and are found in the States of Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghat and Gujarat.

18. A wide range of mountain vegetation is found in the mountains according to the variation in height. At a height between 1500 to 2500 mtrs. Most of the trees are conical in shape. These trees are called coniferous trees. Chir, Pine and Deodar are important trees of these forests.

19. Mangrove Forests can survive in saline water. They are found mainly in Sunderbans in West Bengal and in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Sundari is a well-known species of trees in mangrove forests after which Sunderbans have been named.

20. Forests are very useful for us. They control soil erosion and help in breathing. They provide life-supporting objects and are natural habitat of wildlife.

21. Many variety of animals and a large variety of reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds, insects and worms dwell in the forest.

22. Tiger is our National animal.

23. Gir forest in Gujarat is a home for Asiatic lions.

24. Elephants and one-horned rhinoceroses roam in the forests of Assam.

25. Elephants are also found in Kerala and Karnataka.

26. Camels are found in the Great India desert and wild asses in the Rann of Kuchchh.

27. Wild goats, snow leopards, bears are found in the Himalayan region.

28. Many other animals are found in our country such as monkey, wolf, jackal, nilgai, cheetal etc.

29. Peacock is our National bird.

30. There are several birds found in our country.

31. In order to protect animals, the government has also started Project Tiger and Project Elephant.

India Climate Vegetation and Wildlife Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Weather: Atmospheric conditions.

Climate: Average weather conditions over a long period.

Natural Vegetation: Those herbs, shurbs and trees which grow naturally.

National Park: Reserved area for preserving its natural vegetation, wildlife and natural environment.

Sanctuaries: Reserved areas where animals and birds are protected.

Biosphere Reserves: Multipurpose protected areas, where every plant and animal species is protected in its natural habitat.

Project Tiger: To protect the endangered species of tiger.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 7 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 7 SST Our Country India will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Our Country India Class 6 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 7

CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter 7 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. India is a country of vast geographical expanse.

2. India is bounded by the lofty Himalayas in the north, Arabian Sea in the west, Bay of Bengal in the east and Indian Ocean in the south.

3. India has an area of about 3.28 million sq.km.

4. Kashmir to Kanyakumari (north to south) is about 3,200 km.

5. Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh (east to west) is about 2,900 km.

6. India has a diversity of landforms, climate, vegetation, wildlife, language, culture etc.

7. India is the second-most populous country of the world after China.

8. India is located in the northern hemisphere.

9. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) passes almost halfway through the country.

10. From south to north, mainland of India extends between 8°4 ‘N and 37°6’N latitudes.

11. From west to east, India extends between 68°7’E and 97°25’E longitudes.

12. The Sun rises two hours earlier in the east (Arunachal Pradesh) than in the west (Gujarat).

13. 82°30’E longitude has been taken as the Standard Meridian of India.

14. There are seven countries that share land boundaries with India. Their names are – Myanmar, Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet, China, Pakistan and Afghanistan.

15. Our island neighbours are-Sri Lanka and Maldives.

16. Sri Lanka is separated from India by the Palk Strait.

17. For administrative purposes, India is divided into 29 States and 7 Union Territories.

18. Delhi is the National Capital of India.

19. In terms of area, Rajasthan is the largest state and Goa is the smallest state.

20. States have been formed mainly on the basis of languages.

21. India is marked by a diversity of physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains, coasts and islands.

22. The Himalayan Mountains are divided into three main parallel ranges.

23. The northernmost is the Great Himalaya or Himadri.

24. Middle Himalaya lies to the south of Himadri. Many popular hill stations are situated here.

25. The ‘Shiwalik’ is the southernmost range.

26. In the south of the Himalayas lie the Northern Indian plains. These are generally level and flat. Here the land is fertile for cultivation and there is high concentration of population.

27. In the western part of India lies the Great Indian Desert. It is dry, hot and sandy stretch of land. It has very little vegetation.

28. To the south of northern plains lies the Peninsular Plateau. It is triangular in shape. This is a region with numerous hill ranges and valleys. On the border of it, oldest range of the world, Aravali hills are situated. The Vindhyas and the Satpuras are the important ranges. The rivers Narmada and Tapti flow through these ranges and drain into Arabian Sea.

29. The western coastal plains are very narrow.

30. The eastern coastal plains are much broader.

31. Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri are east flowing rivers and drain into the Bay of Bengal.

32. Lakshadweep Island is located in the Arabian Sea. These are coral islands located the coast of Kerala.

33. The Andman and the Nicobar Islands lie in to the Bay of Bengal.

Our Country India Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Strait: A narrow passage of water connecting two land areas.

Peninsula: A piece of land surrounded by water from three sides.

Plateau: An extensive elevated area.

Island: A piece of land that is surrounded by water on all the sides.

Corals: Corals are skeletons of tiny marine dead animals.

Alluvil deposits: These are very fine soils, brought by rivers and deposited in the river basin.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 6 SST Major Landforms of the Earth will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Major Landforms of the Earth Class 6 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 6

CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. The surface of the Earth is not the same everywhere.

2. The Earth has an infinite variety of landforms. Some parts of the lithosphere may be rugged and some flat.

3. Landforms are a result of two processes. The ‘internal process’ leads to the upliftment and sinking of the Earth’s surface. Second, external process is the continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface.

4. The wearing away of the Earth’s surface is called ‘erosion’. The surface is being lowered by the process of erosion and rebuilt by the process of‘deposition’.

5. These two processes, that is, erosion and deposition are carried out by running water, ice and wind.

6. Mountain is natural elevation of the Earth surface. The mountains may have a small peak and a broad base.

7. In some mountains, there are permanently frozen rivers of ice. They are called ‘glaciers’.

8. Less people live in the mountain areas because of harsh climate.

9. Less land is available for farming because slopes are steep.

10. Mountains arranged in a line is known as range.

11. Mountains vary in their heights and shape.

There are three types of mountains:

• Fold Mountains
• Block Mountains
• the Volcanic Mountains.

12. Fold mountains are formed due to the processes of erosion.

13. Block Mountains are created when large areas are broken and displaced vertically. The uplifted blocks are termed as ‘horsts’ and lower blocks are called ‘graben’.

14. Volcanic mountains are formed due to volcanic activity.

15. Mountains are very useful.

16. A plateau is an elevated flat land. It is a flat-topped table land standing above the surrounding area. A plateau may have one or more sides with steep slopes. These may be young or old, hundred metres to several thousand metres.

17. The Tibet plateau is the highest plateau in the world.

18. Plateaus are very useful because they are rich in mineral deposits.

19. Plains are large stretches of flat land.

20. Most of the plains are formed by rivers and their tributaries. Some of the largest plains made by the rivers are found in Asia and North America.

21. Generally, the plains are very fertile, easy to transport. Thus, these are thickly populated regions of the world.

22. In Asia, plains are formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra in India and the Yangtze in China.

23. Plains areas are useful for habitation.

Major Landforms of the Earth Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Internal Process: The process that originates inside the Earth, is called the Internal Process.

External Process: The process which works on the Earth’s surface, is called External Process.

Mountain: Mountain is natural elevation of the Earth surface.

Plateau: A plateau is an elevated flat land.

Plain: Plains are large stretches of flat land.

On this page, you will find NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Notes Pdf free download. CBSE Class 6 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 5 SST Major Domains of the Earth will seemingly help them to revise the important concepts in less time.

Major Domains of the Earth Class 6 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 5

CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Notes Understanding The Lesson

1. The Earth is the only planet which has Life-sustaining elements are present on the Earth.

2. The surface of the Earth is a complex zone in which three main components – solid, gases and water of the environment meet, overlap and interact.

3. Solid portion is called Lithosphere. It comprises the rocks of the Earth’s crust and the thin layers of soil that contain nutrient elements which sustain organism.

4. There are two main divisions of the Earth’s surface, the large landmasses are known as the continents and the huge water bodies are called the ocean basins.

5. The gaseous layers that surround the Earth is called Atmosphere.

6. The area covered with water is called Hydrosphere.

7. A narrow zone where we find land, water and air together, which contains all forms of life, is called Biosphere.

8. There are seven major continents. These are separated by large water bodies.

9. Continents are-Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica.

10. Greater part of the land mass lies in the Northern Hemisphere.

11. Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri are the India’s research stations in Antarctica.

12. More than 71% of the Earth is covered with water and 29% with land.

13. Hydrosphere consists of water in all its forms as – running water, ice, underground water and water vapour in atmosphere, all comprise the hydrosphere.

14. More than 97% of the Earth’s water is found in the oceans and is too salty. A large proportion of the rest of the water is in the form of ice-sheets and glaciers or under the ground and a very small percentage is available as fresh water for human use.

15. Oceans are the major part of hydrosphere. They are all interconnected. The oceans water is always moving. The three chief movements of ocean waters are the waves, the tides and ocean currents.

16. The four major oceans are the Pacific Ocean, The Atlantic Ocean, The Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.

17. The largest ocean is Pacific Ocean. It is spread over one-third of the Earth. The deepest part of the Earth, ‘Mariana Trench’ lies in the Pacific Ocean. This ocean is almost circular in shape.

18. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest Ocean in the world. It is ‘S’ shaped. On the western side, it is flanked by the North and South Americas.

19. Indian Ocean is the only ocean named after a country, that is, India. The shape of oceans almost triangular.

20. The Arctic Ocean is located within the Arctic Circle and surrounds the North Pole.

21. The Earth is surrounded by a layer of gas called the atmosphere. The atmosphere extends up to a height of about 1,600 kms. The atmosphere is divided into five layers based on composition, temperature and other properties.

22. The layers starting from Earth’s surface are called-troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and the exosphere.

23. The atmosphere is composed mainly of two gases-Nitrogen and Oxygen which make up 99% of clean, dry air. Nitrogen is 78%, Oxygen 21% and other gases like carbon dioxide, argon and others comprise 1% by volume.

24. Oxygen is the breath of life, nitrogen helps in the growth of living organisms, carbon dioxide absorbs heat radiated by the Earth and essential for the growth of plants.

Major Domains of the Earth Class 6 CBSE Notes Important Terms

Atmosphere: gaseous layers that surround the Earth.

Biosphere: It contains all forms of life.

Continents: large area of landmass.

Strait: A narrow passage of water connecting two large water bodies.

Isthmus: A narrow strip of land joining two landmasses.

Crust: Outer layer of the Earth.