CBSE Class 10

Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10 Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

These Solutions are part of Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10. Here we have given Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10 Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

Question 1.
Your father has a car. He can also afford to hire a driver. Even then he sends you in school bus. What is the rationale behind it ?
Answer:
It is saving on natural resources for which your father insists on your going to school in the school bus. The bus has to make trip to school. There will be no extra gasoline consumption if you go to school in the bus. Going by car will consume gasoline. If every student who can afford goes in a car, the consumption of gasoline will go up several times. It is because of this reason that many offices maintain cabs for bringing the employees to the work place. It is just similar to our campaign to save electricity (by putting off light and gadgets not in use) or water (by turning off the tap when water is not required).

More Resources

• Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10
• HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science
• Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 10 Science

Question 2.
CFL is quite costly as compared to incandescent electric bulb. Even then we read that incandescent bulbs should be replaced by CFLs. Why so ?
Answer:
CFL or compact fluorescent lamp consumes one fifth of energy as compared to incandescent bulb. It also produces less heat and is therefore, environmental friendly. The extra money spent on purchasing a CFL will be recovered in the form of lesser energy bill for the consumer. Use of CFLs will help in less consumption of the resource resulting in its greater availability.

Question 3.
What is the social impact of technique developed by Rajinder Singh in Rajasthan ?
Answer:
Rajinder Singh, popularly known as “Water Man of Rajasthan” developed the technique of underground dams for storing run off and rain water. They were connected to surface water tanks as well as crop fields by means of underground channels. The stored water is used for irrigating crop fields throughout the year in areas where water availability is scarce even for drinking.

Question 4.
Your school keeps dust/garbage bins at many places outside the class rooms where the students and the teachers can dump their waste food, waste paper, used pens, pencil shavings, plastic bags, aluminium foils, empty mineral water bottles, etc. The garbage bins are emptied by the school sweeper in larger container of municipal committee for taking away to dumping ground. What improvement would you suggest ?
Answer:
Instead of common garbage bin, I will suggest keeping of two bins, green bin for easily biodegradable articles like waste food, and blue bin for slow decaying and nonbiodegradable articles. The green bins should not be emptied in the container of municipal committee but in a pit inside the school campus for preparing manure for the plants. The blue bins could be emptied in the municipal committee container.
While discussing about coal and petroleum, a teacher told the students about PCRA’s (Petroleum Conserva¬tion Research Association) guidelines to save the fossil fuels while driving vehicles. Deepa was going to her school with her mother who was driving car. At the traffic signal, when the light was red, Deepa suggested her mother to switch off the engine.

Question 5.
After reading the above passage, answer the following questions :
(a) Fossil fuels are natural reserves, then why we need to conseve them ?
(b) List any two ways of saving the fossil fuels
(c) State two values exhibited by Deepa. (CBSE Foreign 2016)
Answer:
(a) Fossil fuels take millions of years for their formation. Their present stock is limited and hence exhaustible. They should be conserved to provide for their availability for future generations.
(b)

1. Using public transport
2. Walking short distances.
3. Use of fuel efficient technology in vehicles.

(c) Deepa exhibited concern for

1. Conservation of natural resource,
2. Reduction in environmental pollution
3. Assertion for global cause.

Question 6.
The activities of man had adverse effects on all forms of living organisms in the biosphere. Unlimited exploi¬tation of nature by man disturbed the delicate ecological balance between the living and nonliving compo¬nents of the biosphere. The unfavourable conditions created by man himself threatened the survival not only of himself but also of the entire living organisms on the mother earth. One of your classmates is an active member of “Eco Club” of your school which is creating environmental awareness amongst the school students, spreading the same in the society and also working hard for preventing ènvironmental degradation of the surroundings.
(a) Why is it necessary to conserve our environment ?
(b) State the importance of green and blue dust bins in the safe disposal of house hold waste.
(c) List two values exhibited by your classmate who is an active member of Eco Club of your school.  (CBSE A.I. 2016)
Answer:
(a) Conservation of Environment:

1. Protection of air, soil and biota from pollutants,
2. Maintenance of ecological balance,

(b) Importance of Green Blue Dust Bins. Green dust bins are meant for putting in biodegradable wastes while blue dust bins are used for non-biodegradable wastes. Segregation of the two types of wastes and putting them in separate dust bins helps in quicker disposal of wastes,
(c) Values Shown by Classmate:

1. Concern for cleanliness of the surroundings.
2. Quicker and proper disposal of wastes.
3. Concern for environment.
4. Civic sense.

Hope given Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10 Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources are helpful to complete your science homework.

If you have any doubts, please comment below. Learn Insta try to provide online science tutoring for you.

HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

These Solutions are part of HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science. Here we have given HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

Question 1.
What does the figure depict ? Identify A, B and C.
Answer:
Caption: Khadin system of water harvesting.
A – Catchment area
B – Khadin (cropped area)
C – Khadin bund

More Resources

• HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
• Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10
• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science
• Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 10 Science

Question 2.
Why is forest called biodiversity hotspot ?
Answer:
A biodiversity hotspot is an area having a large number of endemic species which are being threatened with extinction. Because of long exploitation of forest resources and pressure from industrialists, the natural biota is being replaced by commercially required trees.

Question 3.
What is Kattas ?
Answer:
It is a water storage system of Karnataka that involves raising an embankment over a draining line.

Question 4.
What is production plantation ?
Answer:
It is growing of commercially important plants over separate piece of land, generally a wasteland.

Question 5.
With the help of an example show that reuse strategy is better than recycling. (CBSE A.I. 2010, CCE 2011)
Answer:
Reuse is better than recycling as

1. There is no need to send the used article to recycling unit,
2. There is no consumption of energy as required for recycling.
3. There is no need to remarket the produce. Instead of throwing away the used one and obtaining a new one after its recycling, a container or bottle can be reused several times, of course, each time after cleaning the same. This will save a lot of money and energy.

Hope given HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources are helpful to complete your science homework.

If you have any doubts, please comment below. Learn Insta try to provide online science tutoring for you.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment

These Solutions are part of NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science. Here we have given NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment

NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
Why is improper disposal of wastes a curse to environment ?
Answer:
An improper disposal of wastes means addition of pollutants into environment —air, water, soil. They will harm living beings, human assets and human beings. For example, passage of sewage into water body will cause eutrophication, stink, development of sludge, killing of animals and source of water borne pathogens.

More Resources

• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
• Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10
• HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science
• Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 10 Science

Question 2.
Write the common food chain of a pond ecosystem.
Answer:

Question 3.
What are the advantages of cloth bags over plastic bags during shopping ?
Answer:
Advantages of Cloth Bags

1. Cloth bags are stronger and more durable as compared to plastic bags.
2. They are washable.
3. They are reused time and again.
4. Cloth bags do not pollute environment.
5. They are made of biodegradable material which can also be recycled.

Question 4.
Why are crop fields known as artificial ecosystems ?
Answer:
Crop fields are known as artificial ecosystems because they are raised, maintained, nourished and reaped by human beings.

Question 5.
Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances. Give examples.
Answer:

Question 6.
Suggest one word for each of the following statements/definitions.
(a) The physical and biological world where we live in.
(b) Each level of food chain where transfer of energy takes place.
(c) The physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind and soil of an ecosystem.
(d) Organisms which depend on the producers either directly or indirectly for food.
Answer:
(a) Biosphere (also environment)
(b) Trophic level.
(c) Abiotic factors.
(d) Consumers (also heterotrophs)

Question 7.
Explain the role of decomposers in the environment. (CCE 2011)
Answer:
Decomposers are saprophytes which feed on organic remains by a process of external digestion and absorption of solubilised materials, e.g., many bacteria, fungi. In the process they perform the following functions :

1. Cleansing the earth of organic remains and continuously creating space for newer generations of organisms.
2. Release of minerals from organic remains. The phenomenon is called mineralisation. The released minerals become available to plants for utilization in synthesis of new organic matter. Decomposers, therefore, take part in biogeochemical recycling.

Question 8.
Select the mismatched pair in the following and correct it.
(a) Biomagnification: Accumulation of chemicals at the successive trophic levels of a food chain.
(b) Ecosystem: Biotic component of environment.
(c) Aquarium: A man-made ecosystem.
(d) Parasites: Organisms which obtain food from other living organisms.
Answer:
(b) Ecosystem: It is an ecological system consisting of a distinct biotic community and the physical environment (consisting of a number of abiotic factors) both interacting and exchanging materials between them.

Question 9.
We do not clean ponds or lakes but an aquarium needs to be cleaned. Why ?
Answer:
An aquarium is an artificial system which is also incomplete due to absence of producers, food chains and decomposers. There is no recycling and self cleaning. However, a pond or a lake is a self sustained, natural and complete ecosystem where there is perfect recycling of nutrients.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Long Answer Questions

Question 10.
Indicate the flow of energy in an ecosystem. Why is it undirectional ? Justify. (CCE 2014)
Answer:
An ecosystem does not have its own source of energy. It receives the same from sun. Green plants or producers trap the solar energy and change it into chemical form during synthesis of food. Herbivores obtain energy from the food they take. A lot of energy dissipates during transfer and utilization of food energy by herbivores (10% law). From herbivores the food energy passes to primary carnivores. However, only about 10% of herbivore energy is passed into body mass of primary carnivores.
The rest is dissipated. From primary carnivores the energy passes into secondary carnivores (10%), etc. It is ultimately lost as heat.

Since energy available decreases at every tophic level, very little of it is available at higher trophic levels. There is dissipation of energy at every step of its transfer and transformation. Hence it cannot flow in the reverse direction i.e., energy flow is unidirectional from sun to plants, plants to animals, animals to animals, organic remains to decomposers and dissipation as heat.

Question 11.
What are decomposers ? What will be the consequences of their absence in an ecosystem ?
Answer:
Definition: Decomposers or microconsumers are saprophytes which obtain their nourishment from organic remains by secreting digestive enzymes over the latter and absorbing the solubilised substances.
Absence of Decomposers:

1. Organic remains will pile up leaving no space for new living beings,
2. Biogeochemical cycling will stop so that raw materials will not be available to plants for manufacture of more food,
3. In the absence of food, all living beings will die of starvation.

Question 12.
Suggest any four activities in daily life which are ecofriendly.
Answer:

1. Use of cloth bags instead of polythene or plastic bags.
2. Separation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable in green and blue coloured bins.
3. Use of compact fluorescent lamps instead of incandescent lamps.
4. Harvesting of rain water and preventing wastage of resources.

Question 13.
Give two differences between food chain and food web.
Answer:

Question 14.
Name the wastes which are generated in your house daily. What measures would you take for their disposal ?
Answer:
Wastes :

1. Vegetable and fruit peels and rind, stale food, food leftovers, used tea leaves.
2. Milk pouches, polythene bags, empty cartons.
3. Waste paper (newspaper, bags, envelopes), packing paper, empty bottles, torn cloth pieces, etc.
4. Dust and other sweepings.

Disposal :

1. Separation into biodegradable and non-biodegradable, recyclable and non-recyclable wastes.
2. Recyclable wastes (waste paper, cloth, polythene or plastic bags, cartons, bottles, cans, etc.) can be given to rag pickers for recycling.
3. Preparation of compost or vetmicompost from kitchen wastes for home garden (kitchen garden).
4. In the absence of kitchen garden, the household garbage and other wastes can be given to waste collectors for disposal.

Question 15.
Suggest suitable mechanisms for waste management in fertilizer industries.
Answer:
Fertilizer industries produce mainly two types of wastes (a) Gaseous (b) Effluents. Additionally they may release heat and fuel waste if coal is being used as a source of energy.

1. Gaseous Wastes: They are passed through wet scrubbers to dissolve the pollutant gases.
2. Effluents: The effluents of the industry are tested for chemicals present in them. The same can be retrieved and made available to the market. Hot effluents are cooled. Acidic or alkaline nature can be corrected. Heavy metals and toxins can be separated. Only treated and harmless effluents are allowed to be discharged into surrounding environment.

Question 16.
What are the by products of fertilizer industries ? How do they affect the environment.
Answer:
The most common by product of fertilizer industries are axides of nitrogen and sulphur. They pass into atmosphere and spread to all nearby places. The gases have a corrosive effect on several items besides being harmful to living beings. They also give rise to acid rain. Acid rain is highly destructive to forests, crops and aquatic biota.

Question 17.
Explain some harmful effects of agricultural practices on the environment.
Answer:

1. Soil: Fertilizer added to soil not only changes the chemistry of the soil but also kills many useful microbes.
2. Ground Water: A part of fertilizer always leaches down into soil and reaches ground water. It raises the salt content of ground water.
3. Eutrophication: Run-off from fields sprayed with fertilizer reaches water bodies. It results in their eutrophication.
4. Pesticides: Pesticides sprayed over crops reach water bodies killing the biota. Persistent pesticides undergo biomagnification and prove highly harmful to higher organisms.
5. Ground Water: Continued use of ground water in agriculture has resulted in lowering of water table at most of the places.
6. Irrigation: It causes water-logging and salination of soils.
7. Genetic Erosion: Use of only selected high yielding varieties has resulted in genetic erosion of the crop plants.
8. Damage to Nature: Natural ecosystems and habitats have been damaged during clearing land for agriculture.

Hope given NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15 Our Environment are helpful to complete your science homework.

If you have any doubts, please comment below. Learn Insta try to provide online science tutoring for you.

Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10 Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

These Solutions are part of Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10. Here we have given Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10 Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

Question 1.
How do tendrils reach the support when they do not have any sensory structures.
Answer:
Tendrils do not have any sensory structures but still they are able to find their support just as we grope in the dark for finding the switch-board. Tendrils perform circumnutation from their apical regions. In this the terminal parts of tendrils move in all directions. Wherever they come in contact with a support, they stop performing cicumnutation. Instead, the contacted region shows little growth while the other side grows rapidly so that the tendril coils over the support.

More Resources

• Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10
• HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science
• Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 10 Science

Question 2.
Name the nervous system which controls the functioning of internal organs. How does this system work ?
Answer:
Autonomous or visceral nervous system. The system does not consult the will of the individual. It works on its own inputs. Autonomous nervous system consists of only motor nerve fibres that innervate all organs and glands of the body. Depending upon the input, autonomous nervous system stimulates, slows down or stops the activity of an organ. For its working, autonomous or visceral nervous system has two components, sympathetic and parasympathetic. Sympathetic nervous system originates from thoracico-lumbar region, forms two ganglionic chains which send out long nerve fibres to various organs. The sympathetic nerve fibres activate the organs by release of nor-adrenaline. Parasympathetic nervous system is called cranio-sacral as it originates from some cranial and sacral nerves. It has long preganglionic fibres and ganglia attached to organs that are innervated. Its post ganglionic fibres secrete acetylcholine into organs for moderating or reducing their activity.

Question 3.
Which system is working when you start sweating during exercise ? What is its function ?
Answer:
Reflex activity of the nervous system. Actually 90% of nervous activity is performed through reflexes. It is automatic, involuntary and spontaneous response to a stimulus without consulting the will of the individual. Exercise increases body temperature. This can be harmful. Reflex action stimulates the sweat glands for releasing their secretion. Part of the sweat evaporates and cools, down the body.

Question 4.
You can become moody by simply switching on night bulb daily. How can this happen ?
Answer:
Night bulb reduces the secretion of melatonin hormone. Melatonin controls our day-night or circadian rhythm, healthy digestive and immune system, sexual cycle and moods. A reduced secretion causes insomnia and mood changes besides affecting health of our digestive and immune system.

Hope given Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10 Chapter 7 Control and Coordination are helpful to complete your science homework.

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HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

These Solutions are part of HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science. Here we have given HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

Question 1.
What type of plant movement is seen in the diagram of coiling of tendril ?

                                                                  Or

How do auxins promote the growth of a tendril around a support? Describe in brief. (CCE 2012)
Answer:
Thigmotropism or curvature movement that occurs in response to contact. Less auxin is present in the region of contact. The free side having more auxin shows more growth. This causes the tendril to coil over the support.

More Resources

• HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science
• Value Based Questions in Science for Class 10
• NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 10 Science
• Previous Year Question Papers for CBSE Class 10 Science

Question 2.
Identify and label the parts shown as A and B in the accompanying figure.

Answer:
Dorsal view of thyroid an parathyroid.
A – Thyroid,
B- Parathyroid.

Question 3.
What are the hormones involved in providing milk to the suckling infant ?
Answer:
1. Prolactin (Maternity Hormone). Production of milk.
2. Oxytocin Ejection of milk.

Question 4.
How does pancreas control glucose level of blood ?
Answer:
Pancreas produces two hormones

1. Insulin from P-cells of islet of Langerhans and
2. Glucagon from a- cells of islets of langerhans.

Insulin is produced when glucose level of blood rises. Insulin helps the cells to withdraw glucose from blood. It also converts glucose into glycogen in liver and muscles.

Question 5.
Glucagon is secreted when glucose level of blood falls. It mobilises reserve food like glycogen into glucose. What is pregnancy hormone ? Why is it known so ?
Answer:
Progesterone is called pregnancy hormone. It helps in maintaining pregnancy by non-formation of new ova, promoting thickening and secretory activity of uterine wall and attachment of embryo to the uterine wall.

Question 6.
What is dormin ?
Answer:
Dormin is the other name of plant hormone abscisic acid. The hormne induces dormancy in buds and seeds. So it has been called dormin.

Question 7.
(a)

1. Name the parts labelled A and B in the neuron drawn above.
2. Which part acquires the information in the neuron ?
   
3. Through which part does the information travel ?
4. In what form does this information travel ?
5. Where is the impulse converted into a chemical signal for onward transmission ?

(b) Name the hormone secreted by thyroid. What is the function ?
(c) Why is the use of iodised salt advisable ?
(CBSE A.I. 2008 Compt.)
Answer:
(a)

1. A-Dendrite, B-Axon
2. Dandrite.
3. Dandrite to cell body or cyton to axon.
4. Electrical impulse
5. In the region of synapse.

Impulse stimulates the release of chemical neurotransmitter from the surface of presynaptic knob or bouton of axon terminal. Neurotransmitter (e.g. acetylcholine) comes in contact with chemoreceptor sites of post-synaptic membrane of the next neuron and generates a fresh impulse.

(b) Thyroxine:
Function of Thyroxine. It controls

1. Basal metabolic rate
2. Metabalism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins
3. Consumption of energy in physical activity and body temperature
4. Development and differentiation.

(c) Iodised Salt: Salt is iodised to provide iodine to thyroid for synthesis of thyroxine which is iodine containing hormone.

Question 8.
(a) What are plant hormones ? Give one example each of a plant hormone that

1. promotes growth
2. inhibits growth.
3. promotes cell division
4. promotes the growth of a tendril around a support. (CCE 2011)

(b) Name the parts labelled A, B and C in the diagram given below. Write one function of each part. (CBSE A.I. 2008 Comptt. Delhi 2008 Comptt.)

Answer:
(a) Plant Hormones:
Phytohormones are chemical substances other than nutrients produced naturally in plants which regulate growth, development, differentiation and a number of physiological processes, e.g., auxin, gibberellins, abscisic acid, cytokinins.

1. Hormone That Promotes Growth. Auxin/Gibberellin.
2. Hormone That Inhibits Growth. Abscisic acid or ABA
3. Hormone That Promotes Cell Division. Cytokinin.
4. Hormone That Promotes Growth of a Tendril Around a Support. Auxin.

(b) A-Pons Function: Relay centre, pneumotaxic area of respiratory centre.
B-Medulla Function: Reflex centre, cardiac centre, respiratory centre.
C-Cerebellum Function: Maintains equilibrium and coordinates muscular activities

Hope given HOTS Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination are helpful to complete your science homework.

If you have any doubts, please comment below. Learn Insta try to provide online science tutoring for you.