The Mousetrap Summary by Agatha Christie

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Summary of The Mousetrap by Agatha Christie

Summary of Mousetrap Summary by Agatha Christie

The Mousetrap Summary About the Author

Agatha Christie was born in Torquay, Devon 1890 to Clarissa Margaret Boehmer and a wealthy American stockbroker. She was brought up by both, her mother and sister. In the First World War, she trained and worked as a nurse helping to treat wounded soldiers. She also took education in the field of pharmacy. She recalled her time as a nurse with great fondness, saying, it was one of the most rewarding jobs she ever undertook.

Agatha Christie married an aviator in the Royal Flying Corps – Archibald Christie, in December 1914. The marriage was somewhat turbulent and ended in, divorce in 1928, two years after Archibald had begun an affair. In 1926, Agatha Christie disappeared for 11 days. The circumstances were never really resolved and it created widespread ‘ media interest in the disappearance of this famous novelist. She was eventually discovered in Harrogate Hotel ‘ eleven days later. Though, Agatha Christie never said why, it was probably a combination of shock over her mother’s death and the discovery of her husband’s affair.

In 1930, she married her second husband, Max Mallowan. This marriage was happier, though her only child, Rosalind Hicks, came from her first marriage. Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie, Lady Mallowan, was an English writer of crime and romantic novels. She is known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections, Christie also wrote the world’s longest-running play, a murder mystery, ‘The Mousetrap’, and six romances under the name ‘Mary Westmacott’. In 1971, she was appointed as a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) for her contribution to literature. Agatha Christie went on to write over 40 novels featuring the proud and immaculate Hercule Poirot. Like Conan Doyle, Christie had no great love for her own creation – Poirot seemed to be admired by the public more than the writer herself.

The plot of Agatha Christie’s novels could be described as formulaic. Murders were committed through ingenious methods – often involving poison, of which Agatha Christie had great knowledge. After interrogating all the main suspects, the detective would bring all the participants into some drawing-room before explaining who was the murderer. The psychological suspense of the novels and the fact that, the readers feel they have a good chance of solving the crime, undoubtedly added to the popularity of her books.

During the Second World War, Christie worked in the pharmacy of the University College London, which gave her ideas for some methods of her murders. After the war, her books continued to grow in international popularity. In 1952, her play, The Mousetrap, was debuted at the Ambassador’s Theatre in London and has been performed without a break ever since. Her success led to her being honoured in the New Year’s honour list. In 1971 she was appointed as Dame Commander of the British Empire.

Dame Agatha Christie died on 12 January 1976, at age 85 from natural causes at her home in Winterbrook, Cholsey, Oxfordshire. She is buried in the nearby churchyard of St Mary’s, Cholsey, having chosen the plot for their final resting place with her husband Sir Max, some ten years before she died. The simple funeral service was attended by about 20 newspaper and TV reporters, some having travelled from as far away as South America. Thirty wreaths adorned Dame Agatha’s grave, including one from the cast of her long-running play, The Mousetrap, and one sent ‘on behalf of the multitude of grateful readers’ by the Ulverscroft Large Print Book Publishers.
She was survived by her only child, Rosalind Hicks, and only grandson, Mathew Prichard. Her husband, Max, died in 1978, aged 74.

The Mousetrap Summary About the Play

The Mousetrap is a murder mystery play by Agatha Christie. It was initially performed as a radio play in 1952 and was broadcasted by the BBC with the title ‘Three Blind Mice’. Queen Mary who was a fan of Agatha, commissioned the radio play in 1947. The forty-five-minute play was based on a short story. The reaction of the audience was very positive, so Agatha elaborated the script with its first performance on October 6, 1952.

The Mousetrap became a stage play. The play opened in London, at ‘The Ambassadors Theatre’, on November 25, 1952. Later the play was transferred to St. Martin’s Theatre in London, on March 23, 1974, and is still running there. Since the play has broken several records for its continuous theatrical run, it is estimated that more than four million people had seen the play by the time its twenty-fifth anniversary was celebrated in 1977.

It is safe to speculate that an additional three to four million people have probably sat in the dark and tried to puzzle out the identity of the murderer. After another twenty years,’The Mousetrap’ continues to benefit from tourists, both/for its artistic merits and for the joy of being part of a theatrical tradition. Christie signed over the royalties from the play to her grandson at its opening in 1952. It is believed that he has become a multimillionaire from the royalties of this one property alone. The play is known for its twist ending, which the audience are traditionally asked not to reveal after leaving the theatre.

The Mousetrap Summary of the Play

The play begins in England, at the Great Hall of Monkswell Manor. Early one winter afternoon, a brutal murder occurs on Culver Street in Paddington. Witnesses heard someone whistling the nursery rhyme, “Three Blind Mice”, just before the victim had screamed. Later that afternoon, in the Great Hall of Monkswell Manor, Mollie and Giles Ralston prepare for the opening of their guest house, worrying about the effects of the severe snowstorm outside and their own inexperience of their new venture. Eventually, their four guests arrive. First to enter is Christopher Wren.

He is hyperactive and unkempt. Giles instantly dislikes Christopher, whereas Mollie has the opposite reaction. Mrs. Boyle and Major Metcalf arrive next, together in a cab from the station. Mrs. Boyle is a complainer, and Metcalf is a friendly, former military man. Miss Casewell arrives next, described as a mannish woman.

She’s the last of the expected guests, but a fifth person arrives unannounced. In a foreign accent, he introduces himself as Mr. Paravicini. His car, he explains, is trapped in a snowdrift, and the storm has the added effect of trapping all the characters in the house as the roads are now unpassable. Mollie is uncomfortable with Mr. Paravicini, but she prepares the house’s final room.

The next afternoon the storm continues to keep the guests trapped at the house. Superintendent Hogben of the Berkshire Police tails and tells Mollie that he’s sending Sergeant Trotter to the house and that the Ralstons need to listen carefully to what he has to say. Trotter arrives on a pair of skis, and Metcalf discovers that the phone is no longer working.

Trotter is there in regard to the murder. Lyon and her husband had mistreated their three foster children, resulting in the death of the youngest child. Sentenced for the crime, the husband died in jail and Maureen served her sentence. Upon her release, she was strangled to death. Trotter explains that police suspect the oldest boy of the abused children, who would now be twenty-two years old, of being the killer.

He further explains that a notebook found at the scene contained the Manor’s address, along with the words: “Three Blind Mice”. A note reading, “This is the First”, was pinned to the woman’s body. Trotter is there to investigate the connection and ensure that the people there are safe. When Trotter asks all the guests about their connections to the case, they all deny any knowledge or connections.

The first Act draws to its conclusion as the evening continues. Giles and Mollie become distrusting of each other, and the guests get increasingly short-tempered. Trotter follows the phone wire to find out if it has been cut. Meanwhile, Mrs. Boyle listens to the radio, alone in a room. Someone unseen whistles the opening notes of “Three Blind Mice.” Mrs. Boyle responds without fear, conversing with the person only she can see. Suddenly, the lights go out. The audience can hear a struggle in the darkness. Just then, Mollie walks into the room and turns on the lights. She finds Mrs. Boyle, dead on the floor. In Act II, Mrs. Boyle has been strangled. Trotter has taken over the house, and he tries to understand what’s happened as the rest of the cast sits together in one room.

Mollie is so badly shaken she offers little help, remembering only a radio playing loudly. Trotter is frustrated and reminds the cast that everyone’s lives are still very much in danger. Each character explains his/her whereabouts at the time of the murder, and Trotter concludes that any of them could have committed the crime. But, though everyone had the opportunity, only one man matches the police description of the suspect: Christopher Wren. Wren denies involvement immediately, claiming to be the victim of a frame-up.

Mollie and Trotter later have a private conversation, which reveals that any of the characters possibly could have committed the crime. Mollie even admits to knowing very little about Giles’s past. Then Mollie speaks privately with Wren, who reveals he’s an army deserter on the run, using a false name. Mollie, too, is running from something in her past. Giles and Wren then become suspicious of each other.

Trotter sits for a moment before calling out for Mollie. He explains that he knows Mollie once worked as a schoolteacher for the deceased foster children. She failed to answer a letter from the youngest boy begging for help. Mollie claims she was sick and unable to read the letter before it was too late. She is still haunted by the kids’ death. Trotter reveals a gun, and points it at Mollie. Trotter is not a policeman, but the oldest of the foster children. He’d faked the phone call himself. He reverts to a childlike state, drops his gun, and begins strangling Mollie. Miss Casewell arrives and calls him by name, revealing that she is his long-lost sister, here to take him to some safe place.

Major Metcalf, who’s arrived with Miss Casewell, then reveals that he’s a policeman himself, working undercover as a result of the “Three Blind Mice” note and that he’s known all along that Trotter is an imposter. The Mousetrap ‘ received lukewarm responses from critics upon its debut. The play, however, achieved massive popularity with audiences and has been staged, without stop, for over sixty years, making it the longest-running show of any kind in history. It’s a prime example of a twist ending, and members of the audience are asked to not reveal the killer to the awaiting audiences on their way out.

The Mousetrap Summary Major Characters

Mollie Ralston
Mollie Ralston is the wife of Giles Ralston. She is a tall, pretty woman in her late twenties. Mollie is the young owner of Monkswell Manor, a Victorian-era estate that has recently been converted into a guest house. In earlier years, she had taught at the school that the Corrigan children attended.

Jimmy Corrigan
Jimmy Corrigan sent her a letter and pleaded with her to help. She fell ill with pneumonia on the very day the letter arrived, she could not see it until weeks later, by the time Jimmy was dead. She is also a suspect in the killing of the other two women who were involved in the tragedy. She went to London secretly, on the day Mrs. Stanning was killed and she is the first one to find the body of Mrs. Boyle.

Giles Ralston
Giles Ralston is Mollie s husband. Giles is the co-host of Monkswell Manor. After three weeks of meeting, they both married. Giles past remains a mystery. He wears a coat, scarf, and hat like those seen on the killer. He made a clandestine trip to London on the day of Mrs. Stanning’s death.

Mrs. Boyle
Mrs. Boyle is a large, middle-aged, stern and generally unpleasant woman. She is a guest at Monkswell Manor. She was a former magistrate and unwittingly sent the Corrigan children to Longridge Farm. At the end of the first act, she is strangled.

Major Metcalf
Major Metcalf is a middle-aged, square-shouldered, military in manner and bearing person. He is a typical retired British military officer. He is a guest at Monkswell Manor.

Miss Casewell
Miss Casewell is a young woman who is masculine in appearance and has a masculine voice. She is another guest at Monkswell Manor. She remains mysteriously aloof from the other guests.

Mr. Paravicini
Mr. Paravicini is a foreign, dark, elderly man with a small flamboyant moustache. He is an unexpected guest at Monkswell Manor. He is there only because his car got stuck in a snowbank during a terrible blizzard.

Defective Sergeant Trotter
Detective Sergeant Trotter is a cheerful, young man posing as a police officer. He is a late-arriving guest at Monkswell Manor. He is trying to establish a relationship between any of the guests and a murder already committed at another location.

The Mousetrap Act Wise Summary of the Play

ACT I, Scene I.

The play opens with a radio account of a woman murdered in London. The scene opens with darkness and the sounds of someone whistling the tune of “Three Blind Mice.” Shouts in the darkness indicate something is amiss, and then we hear police whistles. After that, the lights come up and we hear radio announcer reporting on a recent murder. The scene is the great hall at Monkswell Manor, an old home with a large window in the centre of the stage. There is a fireplace on ont^side and several doors leading to other parts of the house.

The first character to appear on stage is Mollie Ralston. She turns on the lights, turns off the radio and removes • her coat Next Giles Ralston, her husband enters. The first guest to arrive is Christopher Wren. He praises both the style and decor of the house and is enthusiastic. The second guest to arrive is Mrs. Boyle. She is complaining that a taxi did not meet her at the train., Major Metcalf is the third guest to arrive. He is carrying his luggage when he enters the hall. Mrs. Boyle’s complaints about everything, including the lack of servants.

Miss Casewell is the last of the booked guests to arrive. Mr Paravicini tells the Ralstons his car has overturned in a snowdrift. He remarks that the snow has blocked the roads and that the denizens of the house are trapped. Mobile places him in the last remaining room. Uneasy about Paravicini’s manner.
The next afternoon the guest house proves to be snowed in, and the residents are restless. Mollie answers the telephone to Superintendent Hogben. Hogben tells her that he is dispatching Sergeant Trotter to the guest house, and that the Ralstons must listen carefully to what Trotter has to tell them. The Ralstons wonder what they could have done to gamer police attention.

Trotter appears at the door on a pair of skis and Major Metcalf discovers that the phone has stopped working. Trotter explains he has been sent in regard to the murder of Maureen Lyon. The dead woman and her husband had mistreated their three foster children resulting in the death of the youngest. Both adults were imprisoned for their actions; the husband died in gaol, while the wife served her sentence and had been released, only to be found strangled. Police suspect the elder boy of the abused children, who would now be twenty-two, of being the killer.

Trotter reveals that a notebook found at the murder scene contained the address of Monkswell Manor and the words “Three Blind Mice”. A note reading “This is the First” was pinned to the woman’s body. The Police have sent Trotter to find out how the Ralstons’ guesthouse is connected to the murder, and whether the residents are in danger. Both Giles and Mollie deny a connection to the case, though Mollie is not comfortable answering Trotter’s questions and quickly excuses herself. Trotter asks each of the guest to explain why they are at Monkswell Manor and any personal Knowledge of the case.

The Mousetrap Summary Word Meanings:

  1. Alcove – A recess in the wall of a room
  2. Skidding – An unexpected sliding
  3. Complacently – Confidently
  4. Neurotic – Mentally disturbed
  5. Mahogany – Hard reddish-brown timber
  6. Prolific – Plentiful
  7. Assorted – Mixed; varied
  8. Baptized – Administer or enrol to Christianity
  9. Absurd – Illogical
  10. Indignantly – Anger or annoyance
  11. Blizzard – A severe snowstorm with high winds
  12. Amenities – A desirable facility of a place
  13. Equipped – Having the necessary tools etc.
  14. Misapprehension – A failure to understand something
  15. Straddles – Sit or stand with one leg either side off
  16. Stridently – Loud and harsh sound
  17. Exploration – Observation
  18. Four-poster – A bed with a post at each corner supporting a canopy
  19. Twerp – A silly or annoying person
  20. Grins – Smile broadly

ACT I, Scene II.

It is now the next day, and the guests are settling in, having decided what they think of each other. Things get really interesting when Monkswell Manor receives a phone call from the Berkshire Police Department. They are sending over a sergeant, although the phone call ends before Mollie can find out why. While they’re waiting for the sergeant to arrive, Mollie and Mrs. Boyle have a conversation in which we find out that Mrs. Boyle was once a magistrate or courtroom judge.

Paravicini warns Mollie that she should not be too trusting—that people seem to be fine but turn out to be robbers, and even murderers. Mollie announces that the police are coming, which elicits strong reactions from both Major Metcalf and Mr. Paravicini.

While Trotter and Giles tour the house, Major Metcalf confronts Mrs. Boyle, revealing that she was one of the magistrates who had assigned the children to the foster parents. Mrs. Boyle acknowledges this but denies that she has any responsibility for what eventually happened to the children there. As the evening wears on, Giles and Mollie become suspicious of each other while the guests snipe at one another.

Sergeant Trotter traces the phone wire to find out if it has been cut. Mrs. Boyle wanders back into the now-empty room and listens to the radio. The opening notes of “Three Blind Mice” are heard whistled by an unknown party, and Mrs. Boyle responds without alarm, speaking to the person only she can see. Suddenly, the lights go out and a scuffle is heard. Moments later, Mollie walks into the room and turns on the lights, only to find Mrs. Boyle dead on the floor.

The Mousetrap Summary Word Meanings:

  1. Scrambled eggs – A dish of eggs prepared by beating them, then cooking and stirring gently
  2. Marmalade – A preserve made by citrus fruits
  3. Amateurish – Done in an unskillful way
  4. Stubs – Remains of a cigarette
  5. Chilblains – An inflammatory smelling
  6. Refectory – A room used for communal meals
  7. Bonafide – In good faith, real, genuine
  8. Snowdrift – A bank of deep snow driven by wind
  9. In credulous – Unwilling or unable to believe something
  10. Acquainted – To know or be familiar with something
  11. Whereabouts – The place where a person or thing is
  12. Bygone – A thing dating from an earlier time
  13. Melodramatic – Showing much stronger emotions than are necessary or usual for a situation
  14. Strangled – To kill someone by squeezing the throat

ACT II

The act opens with Trotter questioning everyone as to how and when Mrs. Boyle was murdered. As each one replies in turn, Trotter has some sort of doubts and suspicion.

Ten minutes after Mollie found Mrs. Boyle dead, Sergeant Trotter has taken charge of the household. All the remaining residents are gathered in one room as he attempts to sort out the events of the evening. Mollie Ralston cannot provide him with any useful clues. As each person recounts his or her whereabouts, Trotter takes them to account for weaknesses in their stories. Finally, he declares that everyone in the house had the opportunity to commit the murder since each of them was alone at the time. Giles counters that only one person fits the description of the man the police suspect to be the murderer: Christopher Wren.

Wren insists that it is all a frame-up, and Trotter acknowledges that he lacks any evidence pointing to Wren in particular. Trotter says that while the police suspect the elder boy to be the killer, the relatives, the children’s father, the dead boy’s sister, are suspected to be involved in the murder. Mollie soon finds that Christopher Wren is actually an Army deserter hiding from his past under a false name. Mollie acknowledges that she, too, is running away from her past.

Trotter again calls all the guests, declaring that he now intends to check the details everyone provided him with after Mrs. Boyle’s murder. Trotter’s hope is that while most of the alibis will be verified, one will be proved impossible. Each person is to go to his or her assigned position and stay there until summoned back by Trotter. The household obediently disperses, leaving Trotter alone on the stage.

The Mousetrap Summary Word Meanings:

  • Numbed – Deprived of the power of physical sensation
  • Cathay – Instantly appealing
  • Gesturing –  A movement usually of the limbs
  • Antiquarian –  A person who studies or collects antiques
  • Persecution –  Hostility and ill-treatment
  • Desertion – The action of illegally leaving the Armed forces.
  • Homicidal – A crazed killer running around stabbing everyone
  • Nightmare – A frightening or unpleasant dream
  • Thimble –  A small metal tube
  • Whacking – To hit someone or something noisily
  • Foie gras – The liver of a specially fattened goose
  • Concoct – Make dish by combining various ingredients
  • Incoherently – Expressed in a confusing way
  • Predicament – A difficult or embarrassing situation
  • Inquisition – A period of prolonged and intensive questioning

The Mousetrap Summary Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
Mollie: (moving down to the sofa and sitting) Oh! I do so want everything to go well at first. First impressions are so important.
Giles: (Moving down to Right of the sofa) Is everything ready? Nobody’s arrived yet, I suppose?
Mollie: No, thank goodness. I think everything’s in order. Mrs. Barlow’s hooked it early. Afraid of the weather, suppose?
Gilt’s: What a,wisance these daily women are. That leaves everything on your shoulders.
Mollie: And yours! This is a partnership.
Answer:
(i) This conversation takes place in the opening part of the play- ‘The Mousetrap’ by Agatha Christie. The scene is of Act I, Scene I. The scene is at Monkswell Manor, a guest house which the couple has purchased. The weather is very cold outside. Mollie’s nose gets frozen, cars and vehicles are stuck in the snow.

(ii) Mollie and Giles are waiting for the guests to arrive at the guest house i.e. the Monkswell Manor, though the signboard which they have got it made shows Monkswell Manor. The couple wants to satisfy their guests since it will be the first impression. It is important because only if the customers or the guests are satisfied, the guest house will run well and fetch more customers.

(iii) In the conversation between Mollie and Giles, we come to know that Mrs. Barlow secretly went to London on the day Mrs. Stanning was killed and is the first to find the body of Mrs. Boyle. When asked by Mollie, if Giles had got the chicken netting, he replied that Mrs. Barlow had hooked it early being afraid of the weather.

(iv) When Mollie and Giles are discussing about, whether everything is in order, Giles realizes that the daily women are nuisance and everything is left on Mollie’s shoulders. Mollie replies that many jobs are even on Giles shoulders and further says that it was a partnership. So, here it is a partnership between the two to make arrangements for the guests, who are to arrive.

(v) The playwright seeks to create a mood, where the readers come to know from the very beginning that it is a murder mystery. The techniques used by the author are very impressive. The opening scene reveals a simple set up. Agatha Christie fashioned one of her most ingenious puzzles. ‘The Mousetrap’ the world’s longest-running play, is something less that human. Music, darkness and the sounds of someone whistling the tune of “Three Blind Mice”, keep the readers bound with the play, in fact, engrossed in the play.

Question 2.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Mrs. Boyle: You’re very young.
Mollit: Young?
Mrs. Boyle: To be running an establishment this kind. You can’t have had much experience.
Mollie: (backing away) There has to be a beginning for everything hasn’t there?
Mrs. Boyle: I see. Quite inexperienced. (She looks around) An old, old house. I hope you haven’t got dry rot.
(She sniffs suspiciously).
Mollie: Certainly not!

(i) State the three complaints that Mrs. Boyle makes.
(ii) What answer does she give when Giles tells her that she is welcome to leave?
(iii) What does this tell you about Mrs. Boyle’s character?
(iv) Who is Mrs. Boyle’s really?
(v) What happens to Mrs. Boyle at the end? Why?
Answer:
(i) Mrs. Boys is a complainer in nature. Firstly. she complains that no one came to receive her and she had to shari taxi with Maior Metcalf. Secondly, she criticizes Mollie for being too young and feels that young people are not experienced. Thirdly, she thinks that it would have been better if the Manor could get a coat of paint as there could be worms in the oak.

(ii) Mrs. Boyle is a generally unpleasant person who is always dissatisfied. When Giles tells her that she is . welcome to leave, she said that she would not leave before she tried what the place was like. She even stated that Giles should not think that he can turn her out. She further told them to show her bedroom.

(iii) The above extract which has been taken from Act I, Scene I of the play ‘The Mousetrap’ by Agatha Christie, shows that Mrs. Boyle is a large, middle-aged quarrellous woman. She is bad-tempered. She complains about everything. She disapproves of every effort that Mollie and Giles make.

(iv) Mrs. Boyle is just one of the guests who arrived that night at Monkswell Manor. She is a former magistrate. She unwittingly sent the Corrigan children to Longridge Farm.

(v) In the end, Mrs. Boyle is strangled to death. She listens to the radio alone in a room. Someone whistles the opening notes of “Three Blind Mice”. Mrs. Boyle responds without fear, conversing with the person only she headquarters has been cut.

Question 3.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
Trotter: We don’t actually know a thing. All we’ve got so far is that the woman who joined with her husband in ill-treating and starving those children have been killed and that the woman magistrate who was responsible for placing them there has been killed. (He moves down to Right of the sofa.) The telephone wire that links me with police headquarters has been cut…
(i) What is Mollie’s response to this? How is she answered?
(ii) What news does Trotter give Mollie about the children’s father?
(iii) What is Mollie’s ‘surmise’?
(iv) Wiry is Major Metcalf a possible suspect?
(v) How is the mystery solved?
Answer:
(i) When Trotter says that the telephone wires which linked him to the police headquarters had been cut, Mollie responded that it could be due to snow.
At this, Trotter answered that the lines were cut purposely, just outside by the front door and he had found the place.

(ii) Trotter told Mollie that the children’s father was an Army Sergeant who must have been discharged from the Army by then. It would take time to trace him. He further added that he is sure that the police would take every eventuality into account.

(iii) Mollie’s surmise is that, if the children’s father, came home having suffered terribly and found his wife dead, and his children go through some terrible experience and one of them being dead, he would want revenge.

(iv) Major Metcalf is a possible suspect because he was frightfully upset when Mollie said the police had rung up. According to Mollie, she had seen his face. The murderer may be middle-aged or even old.

(v) The mystery is solved not in a while. Sometimes Christopher is suspected to be the murderer, other times Major Metcalf. Trotter sits and speaks to all the guests, and when he speaks to them he considers each one of them to be the murderer. Finally, Trotter himself is the murderer, which is proved at the end of the play.

Question 4.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Paravicini: A thousand pardons. I am-where am I?
Giles: This is Monkswell Manor Guest House.
Paravicini: But that stupendous good fortune! Madame!
(He moves down to MOLLIE, takes her hand and kisses it.)
(Giles crosses above the armchair centre.)
What an answer to prayer. A guest house-and a charming hostess. My Rolls Royce, alas, has run into a snowdrift. Blinding snow everywhere. I do not know where I am. Perhaps, I think to myself, I shall freeze to death. And then I take a little bag, I stagger through the snow; I see before me big iron gates. A habitation! I am saved. Twice I fall into the snow as I come up your drive, but at last I arrive and immediately-(He looks round.) despair turns to joy.
(Changing his manner) You can let me have a room-yes?

Giles: Oh yes….
Mollie: It’s rather a small one, I’m afraid.
Paravicini: Naturally-naturally-you have other guests.
Mollie: We’ve only just opened this place as a guest house today, and so we’ re-we’re rather new at it.
Paravicini: (leering at Mollie) Charming-charming…
Giles: What about your luggage?
Paravicini: That is of no consequence.
I have locked the car securely.
Giles: But wouldn’t it be better to gqt it in?
Paravicini: No, no. (He moves up to right of Giles.)
I can assure you on such a night as this, there will be no thieves abroad.
And for me, my wants are very simple.
I have all I need-here-in this little bag.
Yes, all that I need.
Mollie: You’d better get thoroughly warm.

(i) Give the reference to the above extract.
(ii) Who is the unexpected guest in the above extract?
(iii) How was Paravicini dressed when he entered the guest house?
(iv) Give a character sketch of Paravicini.
(v) How did Mollie and Giles Ralston treat Paravicini?
Answer:
(i) The above extract has been taken from Act I Scene 1 from the play “The Mousetrap” by Agatha Christie. Mollie and Giles Ralston have recently started a guest house. The weather is very bad, snowstorm have made people get stuck.

(ii) The unexpected guest is Paravicini. He is an unexpected guest since the other guests had already booked their rooms in Monkswell Manor. His Rolls Royce has run into a snowdrift. Everywhere blinding snow has surrounded. Paravicini does not know where he is. He saw an iron gate and entered it.

(iii) Mr. Paravicini staggers in the guest house carrying a small bag. He is a foreign and dark, elderly person with a rather flamboyant moustache. He wears a heavy fur lined overcoat.

(iv) The above passage reveals that Mr. Paravicini is a brave person, who survived the snow storm. He is bold but mannered person, as he asks the Ralston’s to pardon him; since he entered the Manor without informing them. He is simple as he says to Mollie that his wants are very less. In short, he is a sophisticated person.

(v) Mollie and Giles Ralston welcome him as they are the owners of the guest house and would like to treat their guests nicely. They offer him a room towards the north, because no other rooms are vacant. They ask Paravicini about his luggage. Paravicini, Mollie and Giles have a humorous conservation. So, in all, Paravicini was treated equally good by the Ralston’s.

Question 5.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
Christropher: (sitting at the right end of the sofa) He’s very attractive, don’t you think so? I always think that policemen are very attractive.
Mrs. Boyle: No brains. You can see that at a glance.
Major Metcalf: (into the telephone) Hullo! Hullo!…. (to Mollie) Mrs. Ralston, this telephone is dead-quite dead.
Mollie: It was all right about half an hour ago.
Major Metcalf: The line’s gone with the weight of the snow, I suppose.
Christopher: (laughing hysterically) So we’re quite cut off now. Quite cut off. That’s funny, isn’t it?

(i) About whom are Christopher and Mrs. Boyle speaking?
(ii) How would you describe Christopher?
(iii) Who is Trotter? What is the purpose of his arrival?
(iv) Who is the third guest to arrive?
(v) What impression do you form of Mrs. Boyle?
Major Metcalf: (moving to left of the sofa) I don’t see anything to laugh at.
Mrs. Boyle: No, indeed.
Christopher: Ah, it’s a private joke of my own. Hist, the sleuth is returning.
(Trotter enters from the archway up right, followed by Giles. Trotter moves down centre while Giles crosses to left of
the sofa table.)
Trotter: (taking out his notebook) Now we can get to business, Mr. Ralston. Mrs. Ralston?
Answer:
(i) The above extract has been taken from Act 1 Scene 2 of the play “The Mousetrap” by Agatha Christie.
Christopher and Mrs. Boyle are speaking about Trotter. Christopher is highly impressed with Trotter and states that the former is very attractive and further adds that, in fact, policemen are attractive.

(ii) The term which is used to describe Christopher is, mentally unhinged. He seems to be fixated with nursery rhymes. He recites ‘The North Wind Doth Blow’ and sings ‘Little Jack Horner’. He is a wild looking neurotic man.

(iii) Trotter is actually Detective Sergeant Trotter from Berkshire Police. He has arrived at Monkswell Manor to detect about the murder of Mrs. Maureen Lyon. As there are some clues about Monkswell Manor, so Trotter has come to visit to find the actual murderer.

(iv) Major Metcalfe is the third guest to arrive. He is a middle aged square-shouldered person. He is military in manner. He is a typical retired Military officer.

(v) Mrs. Boyle is a person who is always criticizing. In the above passage also she states that Trotter has no brains. According to her, it can be known by just looking at Trotter, that she is a stern and generally unpleasant woman. She is also a guest*it Monkswell Manor.

Question 6.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
Mrs. Boyle: (with relief) Oh, it’s you. I can’t find any programme worth listening to. (She moves to the radio and tunes in to the music programme.)
(A hand shows through the open doorway and clicks the light switch. The lights suddenly go out)
Here- what are you doing? Why did you turn out the light?
(The radio is at full volume, and through it are heard gurgles and a scuffle. Mrs. Boyle’s body falls. Mollie enters by the archway up right and stands perplexed.)
Mollie: Why is it all dark? What a noise!
(She switches on the lights at the switch up right and crosses to the radio to turn it down. Then she sees Mrs. Boyle lying strangled in front of the sofa and screams as-the curtain quickly falls.)

(i) Give the reference to the above extract.
(ii) What does Trotter want Giles to do for him?
(iii) What does Mrs Boyle notice when she enters the room?
(iv) Who is the first person to hear the noise?
(v) What does Mollie do when she finds darkness in the room?
Answer:
(i) The above extract is the end of Scene 2 of Act I of the play “The Mousetrap”, by Agatha Christie. Detective Trotter is at Monkswell Manor for a murder case. He wants to use the telephone, but the wires are cut which were intact a little while before.

(ii) Trotter wants Giles Ralston to find out whether there is an extension of the telephone wire. But he (Trotter) continues to trace the wire to the window. Giles also exits to the stairs, carrying the glove, but looking dazed.

(iii) When Mrs. Boyle enters the room from the library and notices the open window, she shuts the window and closes the curtain, then moves to the window. She frowns at the running music programme on the radio and tunes into a different programme.

(iv) Mollie is the first person to hear the noise. Mrs. Boyle is speaking to someone and asking what the person is doing there and further, Mollie asks why did the person turned out the light.

(v) When Mollie hears the noise, she enters by the archway and stands surprised. She switches on the lights, crosses across to the radio to turn it down. She screams on seeing Mrs. Boyle lying strangled in front of the sofa. The curtain falls down.

Question 7.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
Mollie: Yes. I screamed and screamed. And at last-people came.

Trotter: (moving down to left of Mollie) Yes. As you say, people came-a lot of people from different directions-all arriving more or less at once. (He pauses, moves down centre and turns his back to the audience) Now then, when I got out of that window (He points.) to trace the telephone wire, you, Mr Ralston occupy, to try the extension telephone, (moving up centre) Where were you when Mrs. Ralston screamed?

Giles: I was still up in the bedroom. The extension telephone was dead too. I looked out of the window to see if I could see any sign of the wires being cut there, but I couldn’t. Just after I closed the window again, I heard Mollie scream and I rushed down.

Trotter: (leaning on the refectory table) Those simple actions took you rather a long time, didn’t they, Mr. Ralston?

(i) What does the opening scene of Act II tell the viewers?
(ii) What is Mollie’s state of mind?
(iii) Why is Giles Ralston irritated?
(iv) What is Miss Casewell’s observation?
(v) How would you estimate Trotter’s behaviour in the complete incidence?
Answer:
(i) In the opening scene of Act II, when the curtain rises, Mrs. Boyle’s body has been removed and everyone is assembled in the room. Trotter is on the upstage side of the reflectory table. Mollie is standing at the right end. The others are all sitting.

(ii) Mollie is very much disturbed as she was the first one to see Mrs. Boyle strangled. She says that she can’t think and her head is numbed. She is not sure if she heard a door creak or not. She just came out of the kitchen.

(iii) When Trotter emphasises Mrs. Ralston to try and think, Mollie moves down the armchair and sits. Seeing Mollie in a disturbed state of mind, Giles Ralston angrily says to Trotter to stop bullying Mollie.

(iv) Miss Casewell tells Trotter’s imagination to be senseless. She thinks that it would unlikely be a coincidence, that there should be two people brought there by chance. Both of them must have a share in the Longridge Farm case.

(v) Trotter is right at his own place, as he is the Sergeant to investigate the case. He wants statements from everyone present there. He has to cross question each and everyone, to come to a decision. Though, his behaviour or cross-questioning is not accepted willingly by other people present there.

Question 8.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
Giles: “Lovers’ quarrels!” That’s good. (He moves a left of the refectory table.) .
Paravicini: (moving down to the small armchair right) Quite so.
Quite so. I know just how you feel. I have been though all this myself when I was a younger man.

Jeunesse -jeunesse – as the poet says. Not been married long, I imagine?
Giles: (Crossing to the fire) It’s no business of yours, Mr. Paravicini…
Paravicini: (moving down centre) No, no, no business at all.
But I just came in to say that the Sergeant cannot find his skis and I’m afraid he is very annoyed.
Mollie: (moving to right of the sofa table) Christopher!
Giles: What’s that?
Paravicini: (moving to face Giles) He wants to know if you have by any chance moved them, Mr. Ralston.
Giles: No, of course not.

(i) What do you understand by the term ‘Lovers’ quarrels?
(ii) What are Giles and Mollie fighting about? 3
(iii) Why did Paravicini interfere into the matter?
(iv) Why does Trotter need the skis immediately?
(v) What does Paravicini advise Trotter?
Answer:
(i) The term ‘Lovers’ quarrels is used by Mr. Paravicini in Act II of the play ‘The Mousetrap’ by Agatha Christie. Mollie and Giles are putting allegations on each other and are fighting for no apt reason. They have been married one year back and they love each other very much. So the above term is used by Mr. Paravicini.

(ii) Giles and Mollie are fighting for no valid reason. Giles and Mollie put allegation on each other for going to London. Giles had found a London bus ticket in Mollie’s gloves and Mollie found an evening paper in Giles overcoat, so they suspected each other of bad relations.

(iii) When Mr. Paravicini enters from the archway up right, he moves between them. He interfered in between, since he understood that both the young people were not saying a little more than they meant. He further said that any one of them was right.

(iv) Mr. Paravicini came to say that Sergeant Trotter needed the skis immediately. He needed them since the snow was still ljang there. Trotter wanted to ski over to the police station at Market Hampton to report on the situation.

(v) When the skis are not found anywhere, Mr. Paravicini advises Mr. Trotter, that now he couldn’t report on the situation. He further said that somebody has seen to it, and did not want Trotter to do that. He is also of the view that there might be some other reason. Mr. Paravicini further suspects that Christopher must have hooked it.

Question 9.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
Paravicini: Yes, Sergeant? (He moves to the desk chair.) What can I do for you? Little Bo Policeman has lost his skis and doesn’t know where to find them. Leave them alone, and they’ll come home, dragging a murderer behind them. (He moves down left.)
(Major Metcalf enters through the arch up right.
Giles and Mollie enter up right, with Christopher.)
Major Metcalf: What is all this? (He moves down to the fire.)
Trotter: Sit down, Major, Mrs. Ralston …
(No-one sits. Mollie moves above the armchair centre,
Giles moves to right of the refectory table and Christopher stands between them)
Mollie: Must I come now? It’s very inconvenient.
Trotter: There are more important things than meals, Mrs. Ralston, Mrs. Boyle, for instance, won’t want another meal.
Major Metcalf: That’s a very tactless way of putting things, Sergeant.
Trotter: I’m sorry, but I want co-operation and I intend to get it.
Mr. Ralston, will you go and ask Miss Casewell to come down again?
She went up in her room.
Tell her it will only be for a few minutes.

(i) Why is Miss Casewell upset?
(ii) How does Trotter react to the situation?
(iii) What is Christopher’s reply to Trotter?
(iv) What does Paravicini think about the policeman?
(v) What does Trotter want frifin the guests?
Answer:
(i) The above extract is taken from Act II of the play ‘The Mousetrap’ by Agatha Christie. Miss Casewell is one of the guests at Monkswell Manor. She is being interrogated by Sergeant Trotter with reference to the murder of Miss Boyle. This interrogation upsets her.

(ii) When Christopher tells Trotter that the later has upset Miss Casewell, Trotter does not believe. He (Trotter) says that he had seen something he ought to have seen before. He further says that now he may be able to . get to the result.

(iii) Christopher responds to Trotter explaining that Giles and Mollie were in the kitchen. Christopher himself had been helping Major Metcalf to look for Trotter’s skis.
He further added that Paravicini was not seen anywhere.

(iv) Paravicini thinks that the policeman, i.e., Sergeant Trotter had lost his skis, and he does not know where to find them. Paravicini asks the Sergeant, what could he do for the latter. Paravicini even thinks that they’ll come home, dragging a murderer behind them.

(v) Sergeant Trotter wanted co-operation from all the members and he intend to get it. Trotter requests Mr. f Ralston to go and ask Miss Casewell to come down again. He further said that he required only few minutes from Miss Casewell. Trotter said that he had a shrewd suspicion, which would be declared later on.

Question 10.
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow :
Trotter: (rising) You’d better not scream, Mrs. Ralston-because if you do I shall fire this revolver… I’d like to talk to ” you a little. (He turns away.) I said I’d like to talk to you a little. Jimmy died. (His manner becomes very simple and childlike.) That nasty cruel woman killed him. They put her in prison. Prison wasn’t bad enough for her. I said I’d kill her one day… I did, toot. In the fog. It was great fun. I hope Jimmy knows. “That’s what I said to myself. Because grown-ups can do anything they like, (gaily) I’m going to kill you in a minute.

Mollie: You’d better not. (She tries very hard to be persuasive.) You’ll never get safely away, you know.

Trotter: (pettishly) Someone’s hidden my skis! I can’t find them. But it doesn’t matter. I don’t realy mind if I get Y away or not. I’m tired.- It’s all been such fun. Watching you all. And pretending to be a policeman.

Mollie: That revolver will make a lot of noise.

Trotter: It will rather. Much better to do it the usual way, and take you by the neck. (He slowly approaches her, – whistling “Three Blind Mice”. The last little mouse in the trap. (He drops the revolver on the sofa, and leans over her with his left hand on her mouth and his right hand on her neck.) (Miss Casewell and Major Metcalf appear in the arch up right.)

(i) What does Trotter admit?
(ii) What does Trotter want Mollie to do?
(iii) Did Trotter enjoy being in disguise?
(iv) How did Miss Casewell recognize Trotter?
(v) Why was Giles Ralston worried?
Answer:
(i) Trotter admits that he is Georgie-Jimmy’s brother. He further admits that he was not a policeman. He was the one who had cut the telephone wires, he rang up from a call box saying that he was speaking from police head quarters and that Sergeant Trotter was on his way.

(ii) Sergeant Trotter wants Mollie to not scream, and if she does that he would fire the revolver. He wanted to talk to her. He states that Jimmy, his brother had been killed and the woman was put in prison.

(iii) Trotter enjoyed being in disguise. He himself stated this, that it was fun watching all and pretending to be a policeman. He further said that he really did not mind if he would get away or not.

(iv) Miss Casewell and Trotter had been in an animal farm together. In fact, Miss Casewell came to England to find Trotter. She recognized him when he twirled his hair the way he always he used to do.

(v) Giles Ralston was worried when Major Metcalf called for him screaming ‘Ralston! Ralston!’ He was worried about Mollie whether she was alright or not. Giles rushes over to Mollie, takes her in his arms, placing the revolver on the sofa.

Call of the Wild Summary by Jack Londan

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Call of the Wild Summary by Jack Londan

Call of the Wild by Jack Londan About the Author

Born : John Griffith Chaney
January 12,1876 San Francisco, California, U.S.
Occupation : Novelist, Journalist, short storywriter and essayist
Literary movement : Realism, Naturalism
Died : November 22,1916 (aged 40) Glen Ellen, California, (U.S.)

John Griffith “Jack” London was born on January 12, 1876. Jack London was an American novelist, journalist, social-activist and short-story writer, whose works deal romantically with elemental struggles for survival. He was the highest paid and the most popular of all living writers. Because of early financial difficulties, he was largely self educated past grammar school.

London spent time in the Klondike during the Gold Rush. His first work was published in 1898. From there he went on to write such American classics as Call of the Wild, Sea Wolf, and White Fang. London was a boxing fan and an avid amateur boxer. “A Piece of Steak” is a tale about a match between older and younger boxers. It contrasts the differing experiences of youth and age but also raises the social question of the treatment of aging workers. Several of London’s stories would today be classified as science fiction.

“The Unparalleled Invasion” describes germ warfare against China; “Goliath” is about an irresistible energy weapon; “The Shadow and the Flash” is a tale about two brothers who take different routes to achieving invisibility; “A Relic of the Pliocene” is a tale about an encounter of a modern-day man with a mammoth. “The Red One” is a late story from a period when London was intrigued by the theories of the psychiatrist and writer, Jung. It tells of an island tribe held in thrall by an extraterrestrial object.

Some nineteen original collections of short stories were published during London’s brief life or shortly after his death. There have been several posthumous anthologies drawn from this pool of stories. Many of these stories were located in the Klondike and the Pacific. A collection of Jack London’s San Francisco Stories was published in October 2010, by Sydney Samizdat Press.

London’s “strength of utterance” is at its height in his stories, and they are painstakingly well-constructed. “To Build a Fire” is the best known of all his stories. In The Youth’s Companion in 1902, London offered a second, more severe take on the man’s predicament in “The Century Magazine” in 1908. Reading both, provides in illustration of London’s growth and maturation as a writer. As Labor (1994) observes. “To compare the two versions is itself an instructive lesson in what distinguished a great work of literary art from a good children’s story”. London’s most famous novels are “The Call of the Wild”, “White Fang”, “The Sea-Wolf”, “The Iron Heel”, and “Martin Eden”.

In a letter dated Dec 27, 1901, London’s Macmillan publisher George Platt Brett Sr. said, “He believed Jack’s fiction, represented ‘the very best kind of work’, done in America.” Jack London was an uncomfortable novelist, who forms too long for his natural impatience and the quickness of his mind. His novels, even the best of them, are hugely flawed.

Some critics have said that his novels are episodic and resemble linked short stories. “The Star Rover”, the magnificent experiment, is actually a series of short stories connected by a unifying device. London died on November 22, 1916, sleeping in the porch in a cottage on his arch. London had been a robust man but had suffered several serious illnesses. At the time of his death, he suffered from dysentery, late-stage alcoholism, and uremia; he was in extreme pain and taking morphine. London’s ashes were buried on his property not far from the Wolf House.

London’s funeral took place on November 26,1916, attended only by close friends, relatives, and workers of the property. In accordance with his wishes, he was cremated and buried next to some pioneer children, under a rock that belonged to the Wolf House. After Chairman’s death in 1955, she was also cremated and then buried with her husband in the same simple spot that her husband chose. The grave is marked by a mossy boulder and the property was later preserved as Jack London Slate Historic Park, in Glen Ellen, California.

Call of the Wild Summary Introduction of the Novel

The Call of the Wild is a short adventure novel by Jack London, published in 1903, and set in Yukon, Canada, during the 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, when strong sled dogs were in high demand. The central character of the novel is a dog named Buck. The story opens at a ranch in Santa Clara Valley, California, when Buck is stolen from his home and sold into service as a sled dog in Alaska. He becomes progressively feral in the harsh environment, where he is forced to fight to survive and dominate other dogs. By the end, he sheds the veneer of civilization, and relies on primordial instinct and learned experience to emerge as a leader in the wild.

London spent almost a year in the Yukon, and his observations form much of the material for the/his book. The story was serialized in the Saturday Evening Post, in the summer of 1903, and was published a month later in book form. The book’s great popularity and success made a reputation for London. As early as 1935, the story was adapted to film, and there has since been several more cinematic adaptations.

Call of the Wild Summary Important Characters

Buck : The protagonist of our story, Buck is part St. Bernard, part Scotch shepherd. At the beginning of the story, Buck is a domesticated, but a typical dog who lives in the home of Judge Miller in California. After being kidnapped and taken to Alaska to become a sled-dog, Buck’s wild nature is reawakened, and he slowly returns to the ways of his ancestors.

Spitz : An experienced and clever Husky, Spitz is the original lead dog of Buck’s dogsled team. He fears and hates Buck, whom he sees as a rival. He is eventually killed by Buck in a fight for leadership.

Curly : A sweet Newfoundland dog, one of Buck’s first companions after he has been kidnapped. She is unexpectedly killed for trying to make friendly advances towards another dog.

Dave : Another one of Buck’s first companions, he is one of the most knowledgeable dogs on the team. Mostly aloof, new life springs into him the moment he is placed in harshness. Not only does he help teach Buck the procedures, he also embodies pride in his work.

Sol-leks : Another member of the team. Like Dave, he is aloof until attached to sled. At first only wary of being approached on his blind-slide, poor treatment makes Sol-Leks more and more unfriendly.
Billie: Another member of the team. He is good-natured and sweet, and shows Buck how to make a bed in snow. He is killed by Hal.

Joe : Another member of the team, Billie’s brother. Unlike Billie, Joe is always snarling and defensive.
Pike: Another member of the team, referred to as “He rarely gets up on time, and he will steal food and undermine the expedition”. When Buck becomes the leader, he forces Pike to shape up and become member of the team.

Dub : Another member of the team. He is an awkward blunderer who gets blamed for Buck’s thievery.

Dolly: Another member of the team, Dolly goes mad after being bitten by wild huskies, tries to attack Buck, and is killed by Francois.

Skeet: A motherly Irish setter who belongs to John Thornton. She nurses Buck through his recovery and engages him in play.

Nig : A huge black dog who belongs to John Thornton. He has laughing eyes and a good nature.

Lone Wolf: The “wild brother” that Buck meets in the forest. He understands Buck’s wild nature.

Judge Miller: Buck’s original owner. He is presumably a sedate and prosperous man with a large family.

Manuel: The gardener’s helper on Judge Miller’s estate. He kidnaps and sells Buck to fund his gambling habit.

Red sweater : Also known as the man with the club. He metes out discipline to all dogs that will be sold for . sledding. Ruthless in his repeated beatings of unruly creatures such as Buck, he maintains composure and control. He does not beat out of cruelty, it seems. Rather, he looks to teach these dogs the lessons that will allow them to survive in his harsh environment. Buck never forgets the law of the club.

Francois : A Canadian Frenchman, the original dogsled driver. He is knowledgeable and has understanding of . his dogs, but still very strict.

Perrault: Francois’ superior and an agent of the Canadian government. He is admired by Buck for his fearlessness in blazing their trail, disregarding the threat of ice that might break.

Hal : A young man of nineteen or twenty who purchases Buck and his team once they have used up their usefulness to the government. He has ambitions to find gold, but his incompetence and laziness are out of place in the harsh environment. He has no understanding of the dogs, and mistreats them terribly.

Charles : Hal’s brother-in-law, a weak figure who does not say much. He basically follows Hal around and does what he is told.

Mercedes : Sister of Hal, wife of Charles. She is exceedingly self-centered, and spends most of her time crying and complaining.

John Thornton : The man who rescues Buck from Hal’s cruelty. He is by far the most admirable human character in the story, kind but full of the uncompromising strength that is necessary to survive on the trail. John is the ideal master because his nature is so dog-like.

Pete : One of John Thornton’s partners.

Hans : One of John Thornton’s partners.

“Black” Burton : A notorious troublemaker, he picks a fight in a bar and John Thornton steps in.

Matthewson : The man who bets John that Buck cannot pull a ton of weight.

Jim O’Brien : The man who loans John the money to make the bet against Mathewson.

Yeehats : The group of Valley Indians that raids the camp of John Thornton and his companions and kills them. They are terrorized when Buck returns and kills most of them. From then on, they speak of a dog inhabited by the devil that roams the forest.

Call of the Wild Chapter Wise Summary

Call of the Wild Chapter 1 Summary

The story begins in the fall of 1897, at the time of the Klondike Gold Rush. Buck is a large, four year old, one- hundred and forty pound dog, who lives on a ranch owned by Judge Miller in Santa Clara, California, some forty miles south of San Fransciso. Buck, is part St. Bernard and part Scotch Shepherd.

Unlike the other smaller dogs on the ranch, Buck is allowed to roam over the entire property. He goes into the swimming tank, hunts with the Judge’s sons, and escorts the Judge’s daughters on their morning walks. In winter he lies at the feet of Judge in front of the fire in the library. He is like a king who lords it over all the other creatures, and is treated with respect by everyone.

One night, when no one is around, a gardner takes Buck on a walk with a rope on his neck and sells him to a strange man. Buck growls, and is surprised when the man tightens the rope and chokes him. This is the first time Buck has ever been treated badly. He bites the man’s hand, but can’t get away. Buck is put on a train to Seattle with nothing to eat or drink. He’s angry about how he’s being treated.

In the morning, four men come to pick up the crate. They amuse themselves by poking sticks at him. Buck is conveyed to a railway depot, where he is placed in an express car. He stays there for two days and nights, during which he neither eats nor drinks. He is bundled off the train at Seattle, where a man in a red sweater takes charge of him. The man lets Buck out the cage, and Buck attacks him in fury, but the man brutally beats him into submission with a club. Buck is beaten but his spirit is not broken. In the days that follow, more dogs arrive. One day a man named Perrault buys Buck for $300. He can see that Buck is special.

He also buys another dog, Curly, and they all travel by boat with a man named Francois, and two other dogs.
The dogs are turned over to Francois, a swarthy French-Canadian. Buck learns to respect both men, since they are calm and fair. There are two other dogs on the ship, a big dog from Spitzbergen, and a gloomy one named Dave. ‘ Buck encounters snow for the first time.

Call of the Wild Chapter 2 Summary

On Buck’s first day on the Dyea beach, he understands that he has been taken from civilization into a wild, primitive place. Buck’s travelling companion, named Curly, is killed simply for trying to make friendly advances towards a husky dog only half her size. The rest of the dogs in the camp attack and kill Curly when she does not rise. Buck realizes that to survive in this world, he should never go down in a fight. Buck hates Spitz as the latter is a dominating dog.

Francois ties Buck into a harness and sets him to work. Buck has seen horses performing such labour before. He tries his best, responding to Francois’s whip and the nips of Dave. Buck learns quickly and makes good progress. ‘ He learns to stop at “ho” and to move at “mush,” and how to turn and move downhill.

Two more dogs, Billie and Joe, are added to the team. They are both huskies and are brothers. Billie is excessively good-natured, while Joe is sour. Soon another husky, Sol-leks, arrives. He is an old husky with one eye, and he does not like to be approached from his blind side. Buck accidently approaches him from that side once and gets his shoulder slashed. He learns quickly not to repeat the mistake.

That night, Buck had trouble finding a place to sleep. After wandering around the camp, he comes across Billie buried in the snow and proceeds to make his own hole and fall asleep instantly. When he awakes, he forces his way out of the snow. Perrault and Francois are very glad to have Buck. Every night in the camp, Buck is exhausted. He is bigger than the other dogs, and though he receives a larger ration, he never feels satisfied.

He imitates Pike, a new dog, by stealing a whole chunk of bacon and another weaker dog is punished in his place. Buck is placed between Dave and Solleks to receive instruction from them. He also learns to steal; his old morals, learned in Judge Miller’s sunny home, gradually slip away. Old urges and instincts, which belonged to his wild ancestors, begin to assert themselves.

Call of the Wild Chapter 3 Summary

At the beginning of Chapter 3, Buck is tough but quiet and does not start fights. One night, Buck settles down under the shelter of a rock, but when he goes to get his food, he finds the space occupied by Spitz. To everyone’s surprise, Buck becomes furious and he fights Spitz. Just then, they hear Perrault shouting and see almost 80-100 starving huskies charging into the camp.

Perrault and Francois fight them off with clubs, and some of Buck’s teammates get hurt. Buck is attacked by three huskies at once, and his head and shoulder are slashed; Spitz continues to nip at him. Some of the dogs fall through the ice but get pulled out.

Dolly, one of the dogs, goes mad one morning and begins chasing Buck. Francois kills the mad dog with an axe, and Buck is left exhausted from running. Spitz jumps at Buck. Francois punishes Spitz, but from then on, Spitz and Buck are at war. Francois and Perrault realize it, with Francois betting on Buck and Perrault on Spitz. It happens one day when a rabbit runs by the camp.

The whole team of dogs and fifty other dogs from a nearby camp start chasing the rabbit, with Buck in the lead. Spitz finds a shortcut and kills the rabbit, and Buck attacks Spitz. The other dogs wait to see who falls first. Spitz was an experienced and smart fighter, but Buck uses imagination, instinct, and his head. In the end Buck kills Spitz.

Call of the Wild Chapter 4 Summary

The next morning, Francois discovers Spitz missing and Buck covered with wounds. As the dogs are about to be harnessed, Buck trots up to spot that Spitz occupied. Francois brings Sol-leks to the position of leader instead. Buck is furious and springs upon him. He will not let Francois harness the team. But Francois drags Buck away by the scruff of the neck. Sol-leks does not mind giving up the position, but Francois comes back with the club. Buck retreats but then refuses to take his old position. Francois realizes, that he thinks that he has earned the lead position and will be satisfied with nothing less. Buck trots to the lead position and is harnessed in.

Buck forces Pike to carry his share of the load, and he soundly punishes Joe for his bad behaviour. After receiving their orders, Francois and Perrault leave the team in the care of officials, a “Scotch half-breed,” and pass out of Buck’s life for good. The dogs are tired when they reach Dawson, but they are allowed little rest and are soon on their way out with another load. They are treated well, attended to even before the men.

Dave, one of the dogs, becomes terribly ill, but refuses to stop pulling behind the sled. The driver puts sole in his place, meaning to allow him to run easily behind the sled. Dave cannot stand to see another dog doing his work. He runs into the soft snow beside Sol-leks, trying to resume his usual place, is yelping and again attempts to resume his place. Finally, the driver decides it is kinder to allow Dave to pull, for he will die either way. During his final pull, he often falls and is caught in the traces of the sled. The next morning, Dave is too weak to rise. The team is driven ahead some ways, but they cannot ignore the gunshot that rings out. Buck and everyone else know what the shot means.

Call of the Wild Chapter 5 Summary

After arriving at Skagway from Dawson for the second time, the dogs are in a wretched state. The journey took one month. Buck has lost twenty-five pounds in weight. Within four days, Buck and his mates are sold to Charles, a middle-aged man, and Hal, a man of about nineteen. Travelling with the men is Mercedes, who is Charles’s wife and Hal’s sister.

Buck’s new owners are incompetent, and overload the sled. The dogs are unable to move it. Hal calls them lazy and whips them, although Mercedes tries to persuade him not to. An onlooker suggests that Hal help the dogs by freeing the runners of the sled that are frozen in the snow.

When this is done, the dogs are able to pull the sled, but it is so badly loaded, it overturns. The owners reluctantly cut the load in half, and acquire six more dogs, making a total of fourteen. The newcomers, are not of much use, however, and nor does Buck have his heart in the work.

He knows he cannot depend on his new masters, because they do not know how to do anything.They are barely travelling ten miles a day, and it is inevitable they will run short on dog food. One of the dogs,Dub, is injured, and Hal shoots him. Six dogs die of starvation. As the going gets tougher, the three travellers fall to quarrelling.

Mercedes insists on riding on the sled, which adds intolerably to the load pulled by the weak and starving dogs. Hal, Charles and Mercedes are insensitive to the suffering of the animals. But the seven remaining dogs continue to pull the sled, despite their ill-treatment. One day Billie falls and cannot get up. Hal kills him with an axe and cuts him out of the traces. The team knows this fate approaches. The next day Koona goes, but the five remaining struggle on, despite their serious pains. The spring weather is beautiful, but no one can take notice of it.

The ice on the river is beginning to break up, but they manage to reach the camp of John Thornton at the mouth of White River. Thornton tells them to take no more chances on the melting ice. Hal refuses to take his advice and wants to continue. But he cannot persuade his exhausted dogs to get up, so he whips them until they begin to move. But Buck refuses. Hal takes up the club, but Buck will not move. He is too numb.

Thornton intervenes, striking Hal, and telling Hal he will kill him if he hits the dog again. Hal draws a knife, but Thornton knocks it out of his hand. Hal decides to make off without Buck. They pull out from the bank and start off down the river. After a quarter of a mile, the ice break up and the men and dogs are all drowned.

Call of the Wild Chapter 6 Summary

Having frozen his feet that past December, John Thornton walks a slight limp. Staying with Thornton during the spring, Buck’s strength is also restored. Buck’s muscles swell, and flesh returns to cover his bones. He makes friends with John Thornton’s other dogs, Skeet and Nig. They await the raft that will carry them to Dawson. Skeet is motherly and nurses Buck’s wounds during his convalescence. Nig is also quite friendly. The dogs manifest no jealously towards Buck. The kindness of John Thornton arises for them as well. Buck adores him, and goes wild with happiness when Thornton touches him or speaks to him.

He does not even like to lose sight of Thornton, however, Buck retains the wildness that has been growing in him since he was first kidnapped. If a strange dog appears, he fights fiercely, and always prevails. He never shows any mercy. He also hears the call of his wild nature, and apart from Thornton, he no longer has any ties to the human world. Later that year, a man named “Black” Burton, picks a quarrel with Thornton at a bar.

Burton hits him, and is immediately attacked by Buck. He barely escapes with his life, and as a result of his defense of his master, Buck gets a reputation through all the camps in Alaska. Again when John falls into the rapids of a river, Buck aids Hans and Pete in rescuing him and breaks three ribs. That winter, Buck’s fame spreads even farther throughout Alaska, when he wins a bet that Thornton makes in a bar.

The bet is that Buck can start a sled that weighs a thousand pounds. The test takes place in the street outside the bar, and Buck succeeds in his task, breaking the sled out of the ice and pulling it for one hundred yards. This feat of Buck wins sixteen hundred dollars for his master. A man then offers to Buck for twelve hundred dollars, but Thornton is not interested in selling Buck.

Call of the Wild Chapter 7 Summary

The money Buck wins for him enables Thornton to pay off some debts and journey with his partners in search of a fabled lost gold mine that no living man has ever found. They travel east on an unknown trail. Buck leads a team of six dogs 70 miles up the Yukon. Buck is very happy as they trek through the wilderness, fishing, hunting and unthinking of time.

For two years they wander, seeking an ancient cabin and a mythical mine. They never find the mine, but in the spring of the second year they find a “shallow place in a broad valley where the gold showed like yellow butter across the bottom of the washing-pan.”

With little work to do, Buck spends his days by the fire, dreaming once more of that ancient man. In his mind he wanders in this early, undefined world. Buck rightly hears an ancient call deep in the forest. Sometimes he searches for it, sometimes he hears it, springs from his place and runs wild through the forest. One night he hears it more clearly than ever before. He goes into the forest and sees a timber wolf. Wishing to make friends, Buck approaches; but the wolf is afraid of this beast three times his size and flees. Several times this meeting is repeated, until finally the wolf understands Buck’s intentions, and they sniff noses.

For two days he does not leave, but then he hears once more the call of the forest. He starts to wander in the woods, and stays away from the camp for days at a time, hunting and fishing for his food. He exhibits a wild, wolf-like cunning. As a fearsome hunter, he kills a moose by separating it from the herd and remorselessly pursuing and attacking it. He shows great patience and ferocity. It takes him four days to pull the moose down.

When he returns to Thornton’s camp, he finds it has been overrun by Yeehat Indians. The Yeehats are gleefully dancing. Three miles out he sees a fresh trail, and he becomes more cautious. Suddenly he comes across the body of Nig, an arrow sticking from his head. He passes the dog almost dead, and then he passes the body of Hans. He sees Yeehat Indians dancing around the wreckage of the camp.

Buck leaps at the Indians, ripping open the throat of the chief, and keeps killing until the rest of the tribe runs away in terror. For a few moments, Buck pursues them, killing a few more as they attempt to flee. Buck sees Pete’s body, and then he follows the scent to the lake, where he knows John Thornton’s body lies. Skeet, loyal to the end, lies dead just by the lake. Buck sits and contemplates the ache in his heart. He feels a bit better only when he looks at the bodies of the men he has killed. He realizes that men are no match for dogs without their arrows, clubs and spears.

For years Buck runs in the wild as a wolf. The Yeehats say a Ghost Dog that runs at the head of the pack, and they are afraid of him. They know he continues on occasion to kill human hunters. They do not enter the valley where he lives.

The Merchant of Venice Act 5 Scene 1 Summary Workbook Answers

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

The Merchant of Venice Act 5 Scene 1 Summary Workbook Answers

The Merchant of Venice Act 5 Scene 1 Summary

This is the most romantic scene of the play. There is peace and tranquility in Belmont in contrast to the legal atmosphere of Venice. In moonlit Belmont, Lorenzo and Jessica compare themselves to famous lovers from classical literature, like Troilus and Cressida, Pyramus and Thisbe, and Dido and Aeneas. Though there is a lot of romance in this scene, the scene is saved from being over- romantic when the couple starts teasing each other and their love prate is interrupted by the arrival of a messenger. The messenger comes with the news of the arrival of Portia and Nerissa from the monastery.

Launcelot comes with the news that Bassanio and Antonio will arrive the next morning. Lorenzo calls for music and both, Lorenzo and Jessica sit on the grassy bank beneath the stars. Lorenzo says that the movement of the heavenly orbits creates music, which the mortals cannot hear till they are alive. The musicians arrive and music is played. Lorenzo declares that the person who does not like music deserves the world’s worst cruelties and betrayals.

Portia and Nerissa arrive at Belmont and listening to the music Portia says that the music sounds even better because of the beautiful night and the candles that light up her estate enchant her. Portia believes that the worth of things largely depends upon the context in which they are experienced. Portia is greeted by Lorenzo and she requests him not to reveal the fact to her husband that she was away.

Trumpets sound and Portia greets Bassanio, Antonio and Gratiano who have arrived. Nerissa chastises Gratiano for breaking his promise and parting with the ring. Gratiano tells Nerissa that he had given the ring to the lawyer’s clerk as a fee. Portia confirms to Nerissa that her husband would have never done such a thing. Gratiano corrects her by saying that Bassanio has given his ring to the lawyer who saved Antonio. Portia is very upset and she tells her husband that she will never visit his bed again until he gets back his ring.

Bassanio pleads with Portia to understand that how important it was for him to part with his ring and that it was justified. Portia and Nerissa are not ready to accept anything and they argue that the rings have been given to other women. They say that as if their husbands have been infidel so will they be. Even they will part with their precious things and share their beds with other men. They then give their husbands other rings saying that these ones should be taken better care of.

Gratiano and Bassanio recognize the rings as those they had given to the lawyer and his clerk. Portia and Nerissa claim to have taken the rings from those men by being intimate with them. The two men feel sad at being cuckolded. Then Portia reveals that she was the lawyer and Nerissa her clerk. Antonio receives news that some of his ships have miraculously touched the port. Lorenzo is told that he will receive Shylock’s fortune. All the pairs rejoice in their own fortune.

The Merchant of Venice Act 5 Scene 1 Summary Word Meanings

  1. Troilus – Trojan hero
  2. Cressida – Troilus1 beloved
  3. This be – beloved of Pvramus
  4. o’ertrip – walkover
  5. ere himself – before she saw the lion
  6. dido – Aeneas’ beloved queen of Carthage
  7. willow – a branch of the willow tree a symbol of forsaken love
  8. wild – barren
  9. waft – waved
  10. medea – the enchantress who loved Jason
  11. renew – bring back to youth
  12. Aeson – father of Jason
  13. steal – run away and rob
  14. unthrift love – penniless lover
  15. vows of faith – oaths of loyalty
  16. shrew – quarrelsome woman
  17. slander – defame
  18. out-night you – beat you in this game of ‘in such a night’, stay about wander
  19. leave hollowing – stop shouting
  20. post – messenger
  21. become – suit
  22. touches – sounds
  23. patens – small pieces of shiny metal-the stars
  24. quiring – singing
  25. vesture of decay – clothing of mortality (the human body)
  26. diana – the classical goddess of the moon
  27. draw – attract
  28. spirits -mind
  29. wanton – playful
  30. unhandled – untrained
  31. fetching mad bounds – taking wild jumps
  32. feign – imagine
  33. naught – not
  34. stockfish – stubborn
  35. concord – harmony
  36. stratagems – plots
  37. erebus – a dark space in the Greek underworld
  38. substitute – deputy
  39. be by – is present
  40. his state empties itself – his fame and glory vanishes
  41. brook – stream
  42. bestows – gives
  43. attended – listened to
  44. wren – a song bird
  45. endymion – Goddess Diana’s lover
  46. daylight sick – unhealthy
  47. hold day – have daylight
  48. heavy husband – sorrowful husband
  49. sort all – decide everything
  50. acquitted of – repaid for
  51. breathing courtesy – verbal politeness
  52. paltry – petty
  53. posy – words engraved on a ring
  54. cutler’s poetry upon a knife – doggerel verse
  55. vehement – forceful
  56. scrubbed – stunted
  57. prating – talkative
  58. riveted – fixed
  59. aught – anything
  60. abate – reduce
  61. terms of zeal – determination
  62. suffer’d – allowed
  63. held up – saved
  64. beset – overcome
  65. argus – a monster with a hundred eyes
  66. to mine own protection – to look after my own honour
  67. mending of highways in summer – like highways do not need mending in summers similarly newly wedded
  68. women do not need lovers
  69. cuckolds – husbands whose wives are infidel
  70. manna – heavenly food
  71. inter’gatory – questions
  72. couching – sleeping.

The Merchant of Venice Act 5 Scene 1 Summary Questions and Answers

1. Lorenzo :
The moon shines bright: in such a night as this,
When the sweet wind did gently kiss the trees.
And they did make no noise, in such a night
Troilus methinks mounted the Trojan walls.
And stgh’d his soul toward the Grecian tents.
Where Cressid lay that night.

Question 1.
Who is the other person present? Where are they right now? What has brought them here?
Answer:
The other person present is Jessica, beloved of Lorenzo and the daughter of the Jewish moneylender Shylock. Right now, both are in the garden of Portia’s palace in Belmont. Shylock’s hatred for Christians did not allow Lorenzo and Jessica to get married therefore she fled from her father’s house with her Christian lover, Lorenzo.

Question 2.
In what mood is the speaker? What kind of a night is it?
Answer:
Lorenzo is in a very romantic mood. The night is moon lit and the sky is full of stars. There is sweet wind blowing and the trees are dancing in the breeze. The night is soft and quiet.

Question 3.
The speaker speaks of Troilus and Cressida. Who are they? Why is he reminded of them?
Answer:
Troilus was a Trojan warrior, who was separated from his beloved, Cressida, when she was taken into the enemy (Greek) camp. He is reminded of these two lovers because the night is romantic and apt for lovers to meet. The way he wants Jessica, even Troilus would be longing for Cressida.

Question 4.
Which other people are mentioned by the two people in conver¬sation? Give details.
Answer:
The other couples mentioned by Lorenzo and Jessica are Pyramus and Thisbe, Dido and Aeneas, Medea and Jason. Thisbe, seeing the lion, ran and dropped her scarf. The lion mauled the scarf and seeing this bloody napkin Pyramus thought that Thisbe was dead and he stabbed himself. The queen of Carthage, Dido, was deserted by her lover, Aeneas, so she stood at the sea-bank waving a willow. Medea, the enchantress, loved Jason so she restored his father back to youth.

Question 5.
Who enters the scene, next? What news has he brought?
Answer:
Portia’s servant Stephano, enters the scene. He brings the news of, the arrival of Portia, his mistress, along with Nerissa, before the break of day, stopping by at small shrines by the roadside praying for a happy married life.

2. Lorenzo :
The man that hath no music in himself,
Not is not mov’d with concord of sweet sounds,
Is fitfor treasons, stratagems, and spoils;
The motions of his spirit are dull as night,
And his affections dark as Erebus :
Let no such man be trusted.

Question 1.
According to the speaker, what does a person, who does not like music, deserve? Whom is he talking to?
Answer:
According to the speaker, Lorenzo, the person who does not like music is fit for destruction and treason. He is a dull person and he is a person not to be trusted. His spirits are ‘dull as night and his affections dark as Erebus’. Lorenzo is in conversation with his beloved, Jessica.

Question 2.
The listener gives examples to prove the impact of music. What are they?
Answer:
Lorenzo tells Jessica that even if, by chance, the music falls into the ears of a breed of untrained and youthful colts, which are jumping playfully here and there, bellowing and neighing, they will stand still at once. Their savage eyes will turn gentle. Lorenzo also talks about how Orpheus, a Greek musician, charmed even lifeless objects with his music.

Question 3.
Who enters the scene next? Where are they coming from, actually?
Answer:
Portia and Nerissa enters the scene next. Though they claim that they are coming from a monastery nearby but they are actually coming from Venice after winning the case against Shylock in favor of Antonio.

Question 4.
What philosophy does one of these two people highlight? Explain clearly.
Answer:
Portia believes that everything has its own worth, but nothing is good alone, without taking the circumstances into consideration. She says that in the presence of greater glories the smaller deeds are hidden. Like in the absence of a king his deputy shines but in the king’s presence his glory vanishes.

Question 5.
How would you describe this act in comparison to other acts of the play and why?
Answer:
This act is by far a lighter act and there is happiness all around. The ending is happy which is required of a comedy. All the couples come together and everyone gets what they desire. In fact, there is a fairytale touch to the act. The serious atmosphere of the court room in the previous acts is a contrast to the jolly mood of this act.

The sad downfall of Shylock is contrasted with the happiness of all the couples. Lorenzo and Jessica put themselves in the league of classical lovers and talk of music and love. Portia and Nerissa play pranks on their husbands though things are controlled before they go too far. Everything falls into place miraculously and everyone is happy.

3. Portia :
You were to blame I must be plain with you
To part so slightly with your wife’s first gift;
A thing stuck on with oaths upon your finger,
And so riveted with faith unto your flesh.
I gave my love a ring and made him swear
Never to part with it:

Question 1.
Who is the speaker blaming and for what?
Answer:
The speaker of the above lines is Portia. She is blaming Gratiano, Nerissa’s husband, for parting with the ring that his wife had given him. He had promised Nerissa that he would never part with the ring under any circumstances.

Question 2.
What is the speaker boasting about? What shocks the speaker?
Answer:
The speaker, Portia, is boasting about the love and commitment that her husband has for her. She says that she can swear by anything that if it were her husband, he would have never parted with his ring under similar conditions. Portia is shocked to hear from Gratiano that Bassanio had ended up giving his ring to the lawyer who had saved Antonio’s life.

Question 3.
How does the speaker react to this revelation? What conditions does the speaker put down and for whom?
Answer:
Portia is shocked and she can’t believe that Bassanio could part with such a precious gift as this one. Portia threatens her husband, Bassanio that she would not come to his bed till she sees the ring. She shows her anger and displeasure and tells Bassanio that she is sure that he has given the ring to a woman and not a man. She also threatens Bassanio that if that lawyer ever came near her she would become as liberal as Bassanio with the lawyer and give him her body, her husband’s bed and everything else.

Question 4.
Who is ‘my love’? What has this person done? How does this person justifies himself?
Answer:
‘My love’ here refers to Bassanio, Portia’s husband. Bassanio has given his ring to the lawyer who saved Antonio. The ring had been given to Bassanio by Portia saying that he would never part with the ring, under any circumstances. Bassanio justifies himself by saying that had Portia known why, for whom and how unwillingly he had given away the ring she would never have been so displeased.

Question 5.
Who comes to the rescue of these people? What promise does he make?
Answer:
On seeing the couples fight, Antonio feels that he is responsible for all this. He promises the two ladies that their husbands will never again break their promises which he swears by his soul. Antonio is the security.

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 2 Summary Workbook Answers

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 2 Summary Workbook Answers

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 2 Summary

The scene opens in a street of Venice. Portia sends Nerissa to look for Shylock’s house so that the deed can be signed which gives Lorenzo and Jessica Shylock’s property. Gratiano then enters the scene presenting Bassanio’s ring to Portia. Nerissa also demands for Gratiano’s ring which he gives her thinking that the clerk deserves a gift as much as the lawyer (Portia). Now both the ladies have their husband’s rings. Portia then asks Gratiano to help Nerissa find Shylock’s house. The women plan to reach Belmont a day before their husbands can reach therefore they decline the dinner invitation.

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 2 Summary Word Meanings

  1. this deed – the document in which he promises to make Lorenzo his heir
  2. upon more advice – having thought more about the matter
  3. thou may’st – you can
  4. warrant – assure
  5. old – a lot of
  6. out them – put them to shame
  7. tarry – wait.

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 2 Summary Questions and Answers

1. Portia :
Inquire the Jew’s house out, give him this deed,
And let him sign it We’ll away tonight,
And be a day before our husbands home :
This deed will be well welcome to Lorenzo.

Question 1.
Who are the two people in conversation? Who is the Jew? Why are they looking for his house?
Answer:
The two people in the conversation are Portia, dressed as a lawyer and Nerissa, dressed as her clerk. Both are in the garb of men. The Jew is the money lender, Shylock, who lends money on interest and is an unfeeling man. Since he has lost the case against Antonio he must sign a deed for which they are looking for his house.

Question 2.
What is in the deed? What brought about this deed?
Answer:
Shylock cannot cut a pound of flesh from Antonio’s body without shedding a drop of blood hence, he has no choice but to let go of his bond and accept the decision of the court. According to the law of Venice, half of Shylock’s property would go to the state of Venice and the other half would go to Antonio. Antonio in turn lets go of his half and makes Shylock sign a bond in which he must bequeath Antonio’s half to his daughter, Jessica and son-in-law, Lorenzo.

Question 3.
Who are the husbands? Why is the speaker so eager to reach home before the husbands? Where is the home?
Answer:
Gratiano, Nerissa’s husband and Bassanio, Portia’s husband are being spoken of here. Portia, the speaker along with Nerissa, her lady-in-waiting, are eager to reach home before their husbands because the husbands are unaware of their wives’ disguise and they still want to keep it a secret from their husbands. They are all bound for Belmont.

Question 4.
Who is Lorenzo and why will he be happy to see the deed?
Answer:
Lorenzo is Jessica’s husband, a Christian and Jessica, being Shylock’s daughter is a Jew. Being the owner of such a large property, which is least expected, would definitely make him happy.

Question 5.
Who enters the scene, hereafter? What transpires between this person and the speaker?
Answer:
Gratiano, Nerissa’s husband, enters the scene. Gratiano offers Bassanio’s ring to Portia and invites her to dinner. Portia accepts the ring, very happily but refuses the invitation for dinner, saying that she needs to reach Padua at the earliest. She then requests Gratiano to show Shylock’s house to Nerissa, her clerk.

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Summary Workbook Answers

We have decided to create the most comprehensive English Summary that will help students with learning and understanding.

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Summary Workbook Answers

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Summary

The trial scene of ‘The Merchant of Venice’ is the most famous and powerful scene of the play in the whole of English dramas. This is the scene where Shylock is to take his forfeiture from Antonio. Antonio’s friends and even the Duke beg him to have mercy; Shylock says he will not grant mercy for the simple reason that he hates Antonio. He says Christians do what they wish with their slaves because they have bought them, and so it is with Antonio.

Bassanio offers Shylock six thousand ducats, double the actual amount, but Shylock refuses saying that even if he were offered six times the amount, he would still want the pound of flesh’.Nerissa, dressed as the lawyer’s clerk enters the court and gives a letter to the Duke, which states that since he is unwell he is sending Balthazar, a learned lawyer, to prosecute the case instead of him.

Portia then enters the scene dressed as a lawyer. Portia makes the very famous speech on mercy here. She makes a very moving appeal to Shylock, but he only wants his bond, he only wants justice. After examining the bond Portia declares authenticity of the bond and permits Shylock to cut a pound of flesh from Antonio. As Shylock is about to do so Portia orders him to keep a surgeon at hand, but Shylock refuses because the bond stipulates no such safeguard.

As Shylock is ready to cut into Antonio, Portia reminds him that the bond stipulates only a pound of flesh and not even a single drop of blood. Shylock is stunned and he is now ready to take three times the amount and let Antonio go. Portia refuses and tells Shylock that he will get either his bond or nothing, On the other hand, in cutting the pound of flesh if even one drop of Antonio’s blood spills, then all his lands and goods will be confiscated by the state of Venice, for harming a Venetian citizen. Portia then tells him that as per the law of Venice he is conspiring to kill a Venetian, therefore now his life depends on the mercy of the duke.

The same law now demands him to give half of his property to the person against whom he has conspired, i.e. Antonio, and the remaining half would be confiscated by the state of Venice. The duke shows mercy by sparing Shylock’s life and reduces his penalty to a fine rather than taking half of his property.

The other half, which was to go to Antonio, was kept in a trust to be given to Lorenzo and Jessica, after Shylock’s death. Shylock is also asked to convert to Christianity, and give everything in writing. Shylock feels completely defeated and leaves the court under the pretext of feeling sick.

Now, as a token of gratitude, Bassanio offers some money to the lawyer, which he (Portia) refuses. Portia demands for the ring that Bassanio is wearing but he refuses, calling the ring a trifle, saying that he wouldn’t like to dishonor the lawyer by giving him such a lowly gift. Instead, he offers to find him the most expensive gift in Venice. Portia is disheartened at Bassanio not giving her the ring and leaves.

Antonio requests Bassanio to give the ring to the lawyer, which Bassanio does; thus parting with the ring, which Portia had given him saying that if he would ever part with that ring, it would be the end of their love. For the sake of his friend Antonio, Bassanio gives the ring to the lawyer. Then they all (Bassanio, Gratiano, Antonio) make plans to leave for Belmont.

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Summary Word Meanings

  1. stony adversary – stone hearted rival
  2. inhuman wretch – a person without feelings
  3. Dram – a very small amount
  4. qualify – reduce
  5. stands obdurate – remains hard-hearted
  6. arm’d – prepared
  7. fashion of thy malice – mood of your cruelty
  8. exact’st – insist on having
  9. moiety of the principal – a part of the original sum
  10. pluck commiseration of – take out pity from
  11. brassy bosoms – hearts as hard as brass
  12. train’d to offices of tender courtesy – taught to behave with gentleness
  13. possess’d – informed
  14. sabbath – the seventh day of the Jewish week which was the holiest day carrion – rotten
  15. humour – mood, ban’d poisoned
  16. a gaping pig – a roasted pig’s head with the mouth open
  17. loathes – hates
  18. abide – tolerate
  19. lodg’d – deep-rooted
  20. a loosing suit – a legal case where one must lose money
  21. current – course
  22. main flood – ocean tide
  23. bate – reduce
  24. use question with – ask
  25. ewe – mother sheep
  26. bleat – cry painfully
  27. fretten – blown
  28. beseech – beg
  29. abject and in slavish parts – for lowiy and servile tasks
  30. viands – food
  31. meetest – fittest
  32. whet – sharpen
  33. inexorable – relentless
  34. currish – like a cur
  35. fell – cruel
  36. unhallow’d – unsanctified
  37. dam – mother
  38. ravenous – hungry
  39. rail – rebuke, offend’st – trouble
  40. importunity – earnest request
  41. impediment – hindrance
  42. impugn you – accuse you
  43. strain’d – forced,
  44. place beneath – earth
  45. ecomes – suits
  46. temporal – worldly,
  47. seasons – moderates
  48. mitigate – reduce
  49. bears down- overcomes.
  50. wrest – twist
  51. lay perjury upon – break a pledge
  52. exposition – understanding of the case
  53. hath full relation – entirely supports
  54. still her use – usually her custom
  55. lingering – slow passing
  56. penance – suffering
  57. commend – convey my compliments
  58. entreat – request,
  59. stock of barabas – a Jew
  60. trifle – wasting time over trivialities
  61. tarry – wait
  62. no jot – not even a small quantity
  63. upright – honest
  64. urgest – demand
  65. soft – wait
  66. substance – weight, division – fraction
  67. scruple – a weight unit
  68. question – to argue,
  69. value of a cord – price of a rope
  70. state’s charge – expense of the state.

The Merchant of Venice Act 4 Scene 1 Summary Questions and Answers

1. Duke :
I am sorry for thee : thou art come to answer
A stony adversary, an inhuman wretch
Uncapable of pity, void and empty
From any dram of mercy.

Question 1.
Who is ‘thee’ in the first line? Where are they and why?
Answer:
The ‘thee’ in the first line refers to Antonio. They are right now in the court for the case between Antonio and Shylock. Antonio has forfeited the bond so Shylock is liable to take a pound of flesh from Antonio’s body.

Question 2.
Who is being spoken about? Why is this person being described in such a manner?
Answer:
The duke is talking about Shylock, the Jewish moneylender. As Shylock is an unfeeling and ruthless Jew and his hatred for Antonio is so strong that he has forgotten humanity, and in spite of the duke begging for mercy for Antonio he is not ready to give up his bond. His heart is filled with hatred with no place for mercy.

Question 3.
Who is the ‘adversary’ referred to here? What does the Duke mean by ‘stony adversary’ and ‘in human wretch’?
Ans.
The adversary referred to here is Shylock. By ‘stony adversary’ and ‘inhuman wretch’ the Duke means that Shylock is stone hearted and he does not possess the feelings of humanity.

Question 4.
Who are the other people present? Who enters the scene next? What are his demands and why?
Answer:
The other people present are Bassanio, Gratiano, Salerio and the officers of the court. Shylock enters the scene next. He only wants his bond and nothing else. He was offered twice the amount due, but he only wants a pound of Antonio’s flesh. His hatred for Antonio is so deep that nothing else can satisfy him but his life.

Question 5.
Whose arrival is awaited? Does this person turn up? Why?
Answer:
The duke is awaiting the arrival of a learned doctor, Bellario, from Padua whom he has called to determine the case. Since Doctor Bellario is unable to come he sends a letter stating that he is sending a learned lawyer in his place. Therefore instead of Bellario comes the learned lawyer.

Question 6.
Give details of the person who comes. How does this person change the present situation?
Answer:
The person who comes in place of Bellario is actually, Portia dressed as a lawyer. With her wit and intelligence, she turns the tables against Shylock. Antonio wins the case and he also gets half of Shylock’s property. As per the bond, Shylock can have a pound of flesh, nothing less and nothing more and while cutting this pound of flesh he has to make sure that he doesn’t shed even a single drop of blood. This, of course was not possible, therefore, Shylock has to accept what the state of Venice decides.

2. Antonio :
I am a tainted wether of the jlock,
Meetestjor death : the weakest kind offruit
Drops earliest to the ground; and so let me.

Question 1.
Under what circumstances does this dialogue take place?
Answer:
This dialogue takes place when Shylock’s case against Antonio seems to be going against Antonio. The Duke’s personal appeal to Shylock has produced no effect on Shylock; and Bassanio’s pleading with Shylock has also failed to serve any purpose.

Question 2.
The listener has been given a task by the speaker. What is it? Why does he say that?
Answer:
Antonio asks Bassanio to write his epitaph because that would be the most suitable task for him as he is his best friend and no one can understand him better than Bassanio.

Question 3.
Why is Antonio willing to die?
Answer:
Antonio thinks himself to be a useless man now when he was bankrupt, and has completely lost his flourishing business. He compares himself to a sheep, which gets infected with some disease, and his continued presence in the flock of sheep can prove to be dangerous to the other sheep as well. It would be better if the infected sheep dies. In the same way, Antonio would like to die instead of continuing to live and cause endless anxiety to his friends like Bassanio.

Question 4.
What feelings does this piece of dialogue arouse in your heart?
Answer:
This piece of dialogue provokes sympathy for Antonio and respect for Bassanio. A deep pity has been aroused at the fate, which Antonio is on the edge of meeting; and we certainly admire Bassanio for his sincerity towards his friend who is in profound dilemma.

Question 5.
Who enters the scene next? What news does this person bring?
Answer:
Nerissa, dressed as the lawyer’s clerk, enters the scene next. Nerissa has come with a letter from Bellario, a renowned Doctor of law. The letter states that since Bellario is unwell he is sending a learned lawyer by the name of Balthazar to handle the case.

3. Portia :
Therefore prepare thee to cut off the flesh.
Shed thou no blood; nor cut thou less, nor more,
But just a pound offlesh : if thou tak’st more,
Or less, than a just pound, be it but so much
As makes it light or heavy in the substance,
Or the division of the twentieth part
Of one poor scruple, nay, if the scale do turn
But in the estimation of a hair,
Thou diest, and all thy goods are confiscate.

Question 1.
Who are the two people in conversation? The speaker lays down a condition, what is it?
Answer:
The two people in the conversation are Portia, dressed as the lawyer and Shylock, the Jewish moneylender. As per the bond, Shylock can take only a pound of flesh. It does not permit him to take a single drop of blood. He must weigh a pound of flesh, accurately, without shedding even a ‘jot’ of blood.

Question 2.
Another person, present here, applauds the speaker for his judgment. Who is this person? Why does he react in this manner?
Answer:
Gratiano, a friend of Bassanio and Antonio, also present in the court, is very happy when Portia comes out with this condition. When Portia allows Shylock to cut a pound of flesh from Antonio’s body, nearest to his heart, Shylock is very happy and calls Portia a great judge, Daniel. But now seeing that the tables have turned against Shylock, he applauds and makes fun of Shylock and ridicules him.

Question 3.
What would be the penalty if the law is broken? Give details.
Answer:
If Shylock sheds a single drop of blood while taking his pound of flesh, as per the bond, then all his property would be confiscated, and he would have to face a death sentence. His life would be at the mercy of the Duke.

Finally, the duke spares Shylock’s life and half his property goes to the state of Venice and the other half, which was to go to Antonio, is given to Lorenzo and Jessica, on Antonio’s request. Shylock is made to sign a deed in which half his property is bequeathed to his daughter and son-in-law. Also, Shylock has to turn into a Christian. Therefore, he is left completely defeated and drained.

Question 4.
The tables have turned. How? Who is responsible for it?
Answer:
Portia’s wit and intelligence turn the tables against Shylock. Antonio has lost all hope and is sure that the Jew will take his revenge and Antonio will have to pay the penalty of breaking the bond with his life. Shylock is all ready to take his pound of flesh when he is stopped by Portia, stating that Shylock can only have a pound of flesh and without shedding a single drop of blood.

Shylock has no choice but to let go of his dearest enemy. In fact, he not only has to forget about getting his principal but also loses all his property and has to face the humiliation of turning into a Christian. All this happend because of Portia.

Question 5.
Characterize the speaker.
Answer:
The speaker, Portia, is a woman of substance. Her beauty matches her intelligence, clearly defying the phrase, ‘beauty without brains’. She is quick¬witted, beautiful and intelligent and comes as an antidote to Shylock’s malice. However, in the beginning of the play, we do not see her potential because she is engrossed in her father’s will. But here also we realize that she is an obedient daughter. She is fun-loving as we can see in the ‘ring episode’, but here also she is sensible enough to stop the fun before it goes too far.

4. Portia :
You press me far, and therefore I will yield.
Give me your gloves, I’ll wear them for your sake;
And (for your love) I’ll take this ring from you.
Do not draw back your hand; I’ll take no more,
And you in love shall not deny me this.

Question 1.
Who is pressing whom and why?
Answer:
Portia, in the garb of a lawyer, yields to the offer made by Bassanio, her husband. He insists that the lawyer (Portia) must accept a token of remem¬brance from them for saving his dearest friend Antonio, from the clutches of the unfeeling Jew, Shylock. Bassanio feels indebted to the lawyer, wants to show his gratitude, and thus makes this offer.

Question 2.
Whose gloves does the speaker wear and whose ring is demanded? What is the intention behind this?
Answer:
Portia, the speaker of the above lines agrees to wear Antonio’s gloves as a token of his remembrance and demands Bassanio’s ring, which has been gifted to him by his wife, Portia, which he had sworn never to part with. Portia, knowing that Bassanio cannot part with this ring, still demands for it just to have a little fun. Though towards the end of the play she reveals her real identity but plays around with Bassanio just to add to the humor of the play. It’s all for fun.

Question 3.
Who draws back his hand? Why is he so reluctant to part with the ring?
Answer:
Bassanio, Portia’s husband, draws back his hand, as he, under no circumstances, can part with this ring because when Portia had given this ring to him she had put down a condition that if ever Bassanio parts with this ring it would mean an end of their love and relationship.

Question 4.
Why is the speaker adamant to have the ring? What offer is made by the owner of the ring? How does he justify himself?
Answer:
Portia insists on having this very ring because she claims that she has a fancy for it and wouldn’t accept anything else. Actually, she is playing around with Bassanio, her husband, which of course, he is not aware of. Bassanio tries to convince Portia by saying that this ring is too trivial and that he would find the most expensive ring in Venice for the lawyer. Finally, Bassanio comes out with the truth that since this ring was a gift from his wife he couldn’t part with it. Also while giving it to him, she had made him vow that he should never sell, give or lose this ring. Therefore, he must be excused for this.

Question 5.
How does the scene ends?
Answer:
The scene ends with Portia succeeding in getting the ring from Bassanio on Antonio’s request. Antonio tells Bassanio that he should give more importance to his friend’s love and the lawyer’s ‘deserving’s’ than to his wife’s commandments. Finally, Gratiano runs behind Portia to give her the ring and invite her to dinner. Bassanio and Antonio finally make plans to leave for Belmont the next day.