Here we are providing Class 12 Political Science Important Extra Questions and Answers Chapter 7 Security in the Contemporary World. Political Science Class 12 Important Questions are the best resource for students which helps in class 12 board exams.
Class 12 Political Science Chapter 7 Important Extra Questions Security in the Contemporary World
Security in the Contemporary World Important Extra Very Questions Short Answer Type
Question 1.
What is Security?
Answer:
Peace and Security are very important for all types of development of mankind. ‘Security’ means in simple words freedom from threats. But every type of threat is not a threat to security. Only those things that threaten the core values are a threat to security.
Question 2.
Explain the traditional concept of security. (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
In the Traditional Concept of Security, the greatest danger to a country is from military threats. Military threat is always from other country and military action endangers the core values of sovereignty and independence of the country. Military actions also endanger the lives of the people.
Question 3.
Suggest anyone effective step which would limit war or violence between countries {C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
Confidence-building measures are one of the effective steps which would limit war or violence between countries. Confidence building is a process in which countries share ideas and information with their rivals. It is a process designed to ensure that rivals do not go to war due to misunderstanding.
Question 4.
Highlight any two threats to a country’s security as per the traditional notion of security. (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
The two threats to a country’s security as per the traditional notion of security are as follows :
- External aggression.
- Internal conflicts or Civil War.
Question 5.
What is meant by Human Security? (C.B.S.E. Sample Paper 2010)
Answer:
The basic concept’ of Human Security implies freedom from threats. Security relates only to extremely dangerous threats-threats that could so endanger the core values that these values would be damaged beyond repair if we did not do something to deal with the situation.
Question 6.
Mention any two components of India’s security. (C.B.S.E. 2011, Delhi)
Answer:
- India has built up its military strength and capabilities.
- India has strengthened international institutions, international norms, international laws.
Question 7.
State any one measure to deal with terrorism as a new source of threat to security. (C.B.S.E. 2011, Delhi)
Answer:
To deal with terrorism as a new source of threat to security there should be bilateral, regional, continental, or global cooperation among nations.
Question 8.
What is meant by non-traditional notions of security? (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2011, Outside Delhi)
Answer:
Non-traditional security goes beyond military attack or threat. It includes a wide range of threats and dangers affecting the conditions of existence. The non-traditional conception of security not only concerns the state but the individual and the whole humanity as a whole. Non-traditional view of security is also known as ‘Human Security’ or ‘Global Security’.
Security in the Contemporary World Important Extra Very Questions Short Answer Type (2 Marks)
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is meant by Security? (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
Security means freedom from threats.
Question 2.
Define security. (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Answer:
According to Palmer and Perkins, “Security clearly implies measures for dealing with a threat to peace.”
Question 3.
Mention any two Human Rights in the political field. (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
(i) Right to freedom of speech, (ii) Right to Assembly are two Human Rights in the political field.
Question 4.
Define Cooperative Security. (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
Cooperation among states, NGOs, Non-state sectors, and international organizations on security issues is called Cooperative Security.
Question 5.
What is meant by ‘Human Security’? (C.B.S.E. 2011 Outside Delhi Set-I)
Answer:
Human security means in simple words freedom from threats. Only those things that threaten the core values is a threat to security.
Question 6.
Why human security is more important in the contemporary world than territorial security? (C.B.S.E. 2011, Delhi)
Answer:
Human security is more important in the present world than territorial security because the state exists for the protection and welfare of the people.
Question 7.
State the main objectives of the ‘Human Rights Watch’. (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2011, Delhi)
Answer:
The main objective of the Human rights watch is to draw the global media’s attention to human rights abuses.
Question 8.
How is the balance of power a component of traditional security? (C.B.S.E. 2012 Outside Delhi)
Answer:
Balance of power as the maintenance of such just equilibrium between the members of the family of nations as should prevent any of them from becoming sufficiently strong to impose its will upon the rest.
Question 9.
Mention any two components of India’s security. (C.B.S.E. 2011 Delhi Set-II)
Answer:
- India has built up its military strength and its capabilities.
- India has strengthened international institutions, norms, laws, etc.
Question 10.
Explain the importance of ‘Arms control’ or a measure of traditional security? (C.B.S.E. 2019)
Answer:
We can maintain international peace and security very reliable through arms control.
Question 11.
Which of the following is a source of insecurity?
(a) Human Rights
(b) Balance of Power
(c) Global Poverty
(d) Alliance Building.
Answer:
(c) Global Poverty.
Question 12.
Which of the following is a component of traditional security?
(a) Alliance building
(b) Preventing war
(c) Balance of power
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(c) Balance of power.
Question 13.
How many States acceded to Chemical Weapons Conventions?
(a) 102
(b) 155
(c) 192
(d) 181.
Answer:
(d) 181.
Question 14.
In which security, force is both the principal threat to security and the principal means of achieving security?
(a) Non-traditional
(b) Traditional
(c) Not a threat
(d) Balance of power.
Answer:
(b) Traditional.
Security in the Contemporary World Important Extra Questions Short Answer Type
Question 1.
How do per capita income and population growth affect the economic disparity in the world? Suggest two ways to reduce economic disparity between the poor and the rich at the global level. (C.B.S.E. 2010)
Answer:
Global poverty is another threat to human security. Poverty is increasing in poor and fast-developing population countries whereas richer countries with stable populations are becoming richer. Global poverty is affecting the security of poor countries. Many armed conflicts have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the poorest region of the world.
Suggestion to reduce economic disparity-
- Equal development of all states should be encouraged.
- Employment should be available to every man and woman in the world.
Question 2.
Explain the importance of cooperation in the field of ‘Traditional Security’. (C.B.S.E. 2015)
Answer:
Cooperation is very much required as well as essential in the field of ‘Traditional Security.’ It is now an almost accepted fact that war must be avoided. There should be no useless killings or hurting others except self-defense. Traditional Views of security lead to disarmament, arms control confidence-building. Arms control or disarmament means all states give-up certain kinds of weapons.
For example in 1972 BWC- Biological Weapon Convention and in 1992 CWC- Chemical Weapon Convention banned the possession as well as the production of these weapons. More than 155 states accepted the proposal of CWC and BWC. At the same time through Traditional Security, countries share ideas and information with their rivals and create confidence-building not to go to war to threaten another opponent. In traditional security, force is both for maintaining peace and achieving security.
Question 3.
What is meant by alliance-building as a component of traditional Security Policy? What are its advantages? (CB.S.E. 2O1)
Answer:
Alliance building is a very important component of traditional Security Policy. The most commonly applied technique for the maintenance of the balance of power is the system of the alliance. This system is as old as the known history of States. According to Morgenthau, “Alliances are necessary for the function of the balance of power operating within a multiple state system”.
Question 4.
What is meant by alliance-building as a component of traditional security policy? State its advantages. (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
The alliance means when two or more than two countries tie themselves in a bond of component for security and economic growth. Following are the advantages of an alliance-
- Small and under-developing nations get security by alliance or alliances.
- Due to the alliance, unfriendly countries hesitate before attacking the opponent.
- Any nation can face bravely one’s enemy due to alliance.
- Lesser loss of men and material due to alliances.
Question 5.
Describe terrorism as a new source of threat to security. (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
Terrorism refers to political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. International terrorism involves the territory of more than one state. At present, international terrorism is a major menace being faced by the world. It has been posing a very serious threat to the security of several states. In fact, International terrorism is a great threat to world peace and security.
The classic cases of terrorism involve hijacking planes or planting bombs in trains, cafes, markets, festival places, religious places. On 11 September 2001 terrorists attacked World Trade Centre in America. On November 26, 2008 terrorists attacked Mumbai. The U.S.A. has now joined hands with countries like India to monitor the activities of international terrorist groups. The Non-Aligned Movement, the European Union, and the United Nations are taking various steps to check the growth of international terrorism.
Question 6.
State the various components of India’s security strategy. (C.B.S.E. 2009)
Or
Explain in brief any four components of India’s security strategy. (C.B.S.E. 2014)
Answer:
- India has built up its military strength and capabilities.
- India has strengthened international institutions, international norms, international laws, etc.
- India adopted a firm policy to deal with militant groups, separatism, etc., of Mizoram, Nagaland, etc.
- Construction on Socioeconomic development is another component of India’s security system.
Question 7.
Identify and explain any four new sources of threat to security. (C.B.S.E. 2013)
Or
Describe any four new sources of threats to Non-traditional security (C.B.S.E. 2019)
Answer:
New sources of threat are Terrorism, Human Rights, Global poverty, and Migrants.
- Terrorism. Terrorism is a serious threat to human security. Terrorism is unlawful activities used to achieve desired objectives.
- Lack of Human Rights. In the majority of the countries of the world, human rights are not available to their citizens. The violation of human rights is perceived as a threat to human security.
- Global poverty is another big threat to human security.
- Migrants. Those who voluntarily leave their home-countries are called migrants. The migrants are also creating problems for human security.
Question 8.
Examine four important components of the traditional notion of security. (C.B.S.E Sample Paper 2018)
Answer:
- Balance of power is a component of traditional security. The best way of maintaining a balance of power is to build up one’s military powers.
- Alliance building is another traditional component of security. For example, the NATO established by the U.S.A. and the Warsaw Pact created by the U.S.S.R. This system is as old as the known history of States. According to Morgenthau, “Alliances are necessary for the function of the balance of power operating within a multiple state system.”
- Security Policy is concerned with preventing war which is called deterrence.
- If finally, the War has started, the national fights against the enemy and defend them.
Security in the Contemporary World Important Extra Questions Long Answer Type
Question 1.
What is meant by Security? Evaluate the role of any four new sources of threat to security. (C.B.S.E. 2010)
Or
Describe any three new sources of threat to security giving examples for each. (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Or
Describe any three challenging global issues that can only be dealt with when everyone works together. (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
Security of a country is a vital issue for the well-being of the country and its people. Security in simple words means freedom from threats. But every type of threat is not a threat to security. Only those things that threaten the core values are a threat to security.
New Sources of Threat. New sources of threat are Terrorism, Human Right, Global Poverty, Migrants, Health epidemics.
1. Terrorism: Terrorism is a serious threat to human security. Terrorism is unlawful activities to achieve the desired objectives. Terrorism refers to violence which targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. Bomb blasts, Hijacking, Human bombs, killing, etc., are all acts of terrorism.
2. Human Rights: Human Rights are those rights which are essential for the all-round development of a human. Human rights are commonly understood as those rights that every human being is entitled to enjoy freely irrespective of his religion, race, caste, sex, nationality or any one of these. In majority of the countries of the world, human rights are not available. Violation of Human Rights is also a threat to human security.
3. Global Poverty: Global poverty is another threat to human security. Poverty is increasing in poor and fast-developing population countries whereas richer countries with stable population are becoming richer. Global poverty is affecting the security of poor countries. Many armed coflicts have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the poorest region of the world.
4. Migrants: Those who voluntarily leave their home-countries are called migrants. Migrants are also creating problems for human security.
Question 2.
Describe various aspects of human security as well as global security. (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
At present there are different threats, poverty, starvation, illiteracy, global warming, incurable diseases, international terrorism etc., are considered a great threat to the security of world as well as human beings. Different nations are fighting against these threats. Thus security not just for the states but also for individuals and communities is called ‘Human Security’ or ‘Global Security’.
No country alone can resolve global problems to grant human security. International co-operation, though difficult to achieve, is vital and required.
Note: For various aspects of human security as well as global security.
Security of a country is a vital issue for the well-being of the country and its people. Security in simple words means freedom from threats. But every type of threat is not a threat to security. Only those things that threaten the core values are threat to security.
New Sources of Threat. New sources of threat are Terrorism, Human Right, Global Poverty, Migrants, Health epidemics.
1. Terrorism: Terrorism is a serious threat to human security. Terrorism is unlawful activities to achieve the desired objectives. Terrorism refers to violence which targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. Bomb blasts, Hijacking, Human bombs, killing, etc., are all acts of terrorism.
2. Human Rights: Human Rights are those rights which are essential for all-round development of a human. Human rights are commonly understood as those rights that every human being is entitled to enjoy freely irrespective of his religion, race, caste, sex, nationality or any one of these. In the majority of the countries of the world, human rights are not available. Violation of Human Rights is also a threat to human security.
3. Global Poverty: Global poverty is another threat to human security. Poverty is increasing in poor and fast-developing population countries whereas richer countries with stable population are becoming more rich. Global poverty is affecting the security of poor countries. Many armed conflicts have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the poorest region of the world.
4. Migrants: Those who voluntarily leave their home-countries are called migrants. Migrants are also creating problems for human security.
Question 3.
Describe health epidemics as the new source of threat under the non-traditional sources of threat to security. (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
There are two types of security-traditional and non-traditional. Traditional concept of security are mainly concerned with threat of use of military forces. Non-traditional security includes a wide range of threats affecting the conditions of existence. Non-traditional view of security is also known as ‘Human security’ or ‘Global security’ which includes individual and the whole of humanity.
Health-epidemics as the new source of threat under the non-traditional sources of threat to security, Health epidemics such as HIV-AIDS, bird flu, severe respiratory syndrome (SARS) has rapidly spread due to migration business tourism, and military operations. Diseases such as ebola-virus, hantavirus hepatitis C have emerged and difficult to treat. Epidemics among animals like mad-cow disease, bird flu etc have major economic effects. At the same time, rapid environmental degradation is causing a serious threat to security. Air pollution, Water pollution, Land pollution and sound pollution all are creating various health problems and danger for human security.
Question 4.
What is Global Poverty? Suggest any two ways to reduce the disparity between the poor and the rich at the global level. (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
What is Global Poverty:
For this see Global Poverty. Global poverty is another threat to human security. Poverty is increasing in poor and fast-developing population countries whereas richer countries with stable population are becoming richer. Global poverty is affecting the security of poor countries. Many armed conflicts have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the poorest region of the world.
Steps to reduce disparity between the poor and the rich at the global level:
- To reduce disparity between the rich and the poor at a global level equal development of all states should be encouraged poverty is increasing in poor and fast developing population countries whereas richer countries with stable populations are becoming more rich. Global poverty is affecting the security of poor countries. Many armed conflicts have occured in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the poorest region of the world.
- Employment should be available to every man and woman in the world.
Question 5.
What is meant by cooperative security? How can this be made more effective? (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Or
Explain the need for cooperative security as a necessity in dealing with possible contemporary threats to the nations and suggest the methods to achieve it. (C.B.S.E. 2019)
Answer:
Cooperation among states, NGOs, Non-states sectors and international organisation on security issues is called cooperative security. As dealing with these non-traditional threats to security, co-operation is needed or required that is why it is called co-operative security military forces can solve only the problems of terrorism or protect us from foreign invasions only. But there are many other issues which threaten the security-poverty problems, migration and refugee movements control of epidemics any natural calamity like floods or earthquakes, etc, can only be solved by co-operative security only. Methods to make co-operative security effective.
- All nations should co-operate each other without any bias or ill feelings.
- Nations should exchange or warn each other about the problems.
- Nations should seek co-operation from U.N. The World Health Organisation the World Bank, the IMF etc.
- All nations should help each other in matters of research, which deal with human security from natural calamities.
- Non-governmental organizations like Red Cross, private foundations, charities, churches, religious organisations, trade unions, social organisations and great personalities, etc, can be helpful in giving co-operation in the respective problem. Thus co-operation may also involve both national and international organisations.
- To make the co-operations more effective nations shoi Id devise strategies against the eventualities.
- Co-operation can be bilateral, regional and continental on global.
- Co-operative security may involve the use of force- military action as a lost resort.
Question 6.
Describe any three inter-national challenging issues that can only be dealt with when all the countries • work together. (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
Following are the three international challenging issues that can only be dealt with when all the countries work together:
1. Terrorism: Terrorism is a serious threat to human security. Terrorism is unlawful activities to achieve the desired objectives. Terrorism refers to violence which targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately. Bomb blasts, Hijacking, Human bombs, killing, etc., are all acts of terrorism.
2. Human Rights: Human Rights are those rights that are essential for the round development of a man. Human rights are commonly understood as those rights that every human being is entitled to enjoy freely irrespective of his religion, race, caste, sex, nationality or any one of these. In the majority of the countries of the world, human rights are not available. Violation of Human Rights is also a threat to human security.
3. Global Poverty: Global poverty is another threat to human security. Poverty is increasing in poor and fast-developing population countries whereas richer countries with stable population are becoming richer. Global poverty is affecting the security of the poor countries. Many armed coflicts have occurred in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the poorest region of the world.
Question 7.
What is meant by the traditional notion of external security? Describe any two components of this type of security. (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
Mainly, there are two types of security-traditional and non-traditional. Traditional security is mainly concerned with the national security. Traditional security relates only to extremely dangerous threats-threats that could so endanger the core values of the whole country. Traditional concepts of security are mainly concerned with the use or threat of use of military force.
Two components of the traditional notion of external security :
- Balance of power is a component of traditional security. The best way of maintaining a balance of power is to build up one’s military powers.
- Alliance building is another traditional component of security. For example the NATO established by the TJ.S.A. and the Warsaw Pact created by the U.S.S.R. This system is as old as the known history of States. According to Morgenthau, “Alliances are necessary for the function of the balance of power operating within a multiple state system.”
Question 8.
Describe the security challenges | faced by the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa after the Second World War.I (Imp.) (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
- Newly independent countries of Asia and Africa faced the prospect of military attack from the neighbouring states.
- Secondly, these newly independent countries were worried about internal conflict. These countries faced threat from within also.
- They quarrelled over borders and territories.
- They were worried about the control of people and populations.
- They worried about threats from separatist movement.
- They were feared from superpowers like USA and USSR.
Question 9.
What is meant by the non-traditional notion of security? Differentiate between the narrow and the broad concept of human security. (C.B.S.E. 2016)
Answer:
Meaning of Non-traditional notion of security traditional security-goes beyond military attack or threat. It includes a wider range of threats and dangers affecting the conditions of human existence. In traditional security, the referent is the state, whereas, in the non-traditional concept, the referent is global. In the non-traditional concept of security, not only the state but individual and the whole of humanity is affected. This view of security is also known as ‘Human Security’ or ‘Global Security’.
Difference between the narrow and the broad concept of human security. Supporter of Narrow Concept of Human Security focus on violent threats to individuals, while supporter of broad concept of Human Security agree that the threat agenda should include hunger, disease and natural disasters because there kill for more people than war, genocide and terrorism combined. The broadest formulation stresses what has been called ‘Freedom from want’ and freedom from fear.
Question 10.
Read the following passage and answer the following questions: (CBSE Sample Q.P. 2017)
There has been an attempt in India to develop its economy in a way that the vast mass of citizens are lifted out of poverty and misery and huge economic inequalities are not allowed to exist. The attempt has not quilte successed; we are still a very poor and unequal country. Yet democratic politics allows spaces for articulating the voice of the poor and the deprived citizens. There is a pressure on the democratically elected government to combine economic grown with human development. Thus democracy is not just a political ideal; a decomratic government is also a way to provide greater security.
(a) Mention the major scurity threats to India.
Answer:
Poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, Terrorism, in violation of Human Rights are unequal economic development are major security threats of India.
(b) Highlight the broad components of the security strategy of democratic India.
Answer:
(b) Following are the broad components of the security strategy of democratic India.
- India has built up its milirary strength and capabilities.
- India has strengthened international institutions, international norms, internatonsl laws, etc.
- India adopted a firm policy to deal with militant groups, separatism, etc., of Mizoram, Nagaland, etc.
- Construction of Socio-economic development is another component of India’s security system.
Question 11.
What is meant by the traditional notion of internal and external security? (C.B.S.E. 2017)
Answer:
1. Internal Security: Security depends upon internal peace and order. A society or a nation cannot be secure if there is violence or threats of violence inside its borders. Civil-Wars, separatism, rebels against governments, regionalism and alienation are the threats for internal security.
2. External Security: External security traditionally means national security of the nation. In it military attack is involved and danger is from outside by the opponent and enemy country. Invading country endangers the sovereignty, independence and territory security of the opponent. Military action not only involves the military of an opponent but also given negative impact on the general public also.
Question 12.
Analyse any three broad components of the security strategy of India. (C.B.S.E. 2018)
Answer:
Main features of India’s Security Strategy are as follow :
1. Strengthening of Military Power and Capabilities. At the time of independence India faced threats to its security from neighbouring states as well as from within due to communal violence. India has to build up its military strength and its capabilities. India adopted the policy of making nuclear tests to safeguard its security. Indian conducted nuclear tests in 1974 and in 1998 successfully.
2. Strengthening International Organisations, International norms and laws. India has strengthened International Institutions, Organisation, International norms, International law etc. to protect its security interests. India has full faith in the United Nations and India has always supported the activities of the United Nations.
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, finally supported the cause of Asian solidarity, decolonisation, disarmament etc. To make more effective Indian leaders has suggested many reforms in the structure and functioning of U.N. India argued for an equitable New International Economic Order: Instead of Joining any Block India Preferred to follow the policy of non-alignment. India joined 160 countries that have signed and ratified the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. Indian troops have been sent to other countries on U.N. peace keeping mission.
3. Policy of Meeting the Internal Threats. India adopted firm policy to deal with militant groups, separatists etc. of Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab,
Jammu and Kashmir, Separatists have tried to break away from India. They threatened unity and integrity of the country. The Indian government adopted democratic method to deal with separatists but firmly told them that there can be now compromised with the nation’s unity and security.
Question 13.
Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow: (C.B.S.E. 2019)
All proponents of human security agree that its primary goal is the protection of individuals. However, there are differences in precisely what threats individuals should be protected from the Proponents of the ‘narrow’ concept of human security focus on violent threats to individuals.
(i) Which type of security is the main concern of ‘human security’?
Answer:
Protecting citizens from terrorist and violent dangers that cause bloodshed is the main concern of ‘human security’.
(ii) What would you like to include under the ‘broad’ concept of human security? Explain.
Answer:
‘Broad Concept’ of human security includes hunger, disease, and natural disasters as they kill more people than war.
(iii) Identify any four threats from which individuals should be protected.
Answer:
Individuals should be protected from
(a) terrorism
(b) war
(c) poverty
(d) epidemic diseases.
Security in the Contemporary World Important Extra Questions HOTS
Question 1.
What is terrorism?
Answer:
In simple words, terrorism means to create terror and panic in society by committing acts of violence. Terrorism refers to the political violence that targets civilians deliberately and indiscriminately.
Question 2.
Explain the term ‘Alliance’.
Answer:
An alliance is a coalition of states to defend jointly against attack or war. Military alliances were made after the Second World War in the era of the Cold War. NATO was formed by the U.S.A. and its allies.
Question 3.
What do you mean by the term ‘Disarmament’?
Answer:
In simple language, the term disarmament is used for the reduction or elimination of armaments. In actual practice, it has come to mean everything Jammu and Kashmir, Separatists have tried to break away from India. They threatened unity and integrity of the country. The Indian government adopted a democratic method to deal with separatists but firmly told them that there can be no compromise with the nation’s unity and security.
Question 4.
What do you mean by Human Rights?
Answer:
Human Rights is a concept of civilized society in which all the human beings enjoy the right to lead a free and dignified life. Human Rights are those rights which are essential for all-round development of a human. Human rights are commonly understood as those rights that every human being is entitled to enjoy freely irrespective of his religion, race, caste, sex, nationality, or any one of them.
Question 5.
What do you understand by term ‘Arms Control’?
Answer:
Arms control regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. The Anti-Ballistic Missile
they differ from each other. Disarmament means a plan or a system for the limitation, reduction or abolition of armed forces including their arms and equipments. On the other hand, arms control means a co-operative or multilateral approach to armament policy.
