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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 2 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 2

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Englsih Core is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed: 3 hours
Maximum Marks: 100

General Instructions

• This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
• Separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions very carefully and follow them faithfully.
• Do not exceed the prescribed Word limit while answering the questions.

SECTION A
READING (30 MARKS)

Question 1.
Read the following passage carefully. (12 Marks)

1. Maharana Pratap ruled over Mewar only for 25 years. However, he accomplished so much grandeur during his reign that his glory surpassed the boundaries of countries and time turning him into an immortal personality. He along with his kingdom became a synonym for valour, sacrifice and patriotism. Mewar had been a leading Rajput kingdom even before Maharana Pratap occupied the throne. Kings of Mewar, with the cooperation of their nobles and subjects, had established such traditions in the kingdom, as augmented their magnificence despite the hurdles of having a smaller area under their command and less population. There did come a few thorny occasions when the flag of the kingdom seemed sliding down. Their flag once again heaved high in the sky thanks to the gallantry and brilliance of the people of Mewar.

2. The destiny of Mewar was good in the sense that barring a few kings, most of the rulers were competent and patriotic. This glorious tradition of the kingdom almost continued for 1500 years since its establishment, right from the reign of Bappa Rawal. In fact only 60 years before Maharana Pratap, Rana Sanga drove the kingdom to the pinnacle of fame. His reputation went beyond Rajasthan and reached Delhi. Two generations before him, Rana Kumbha had given a new stature to the kingdom through victories and developmental work. During his reign, literature and art also progressed extraordinarily. Rana himself was inclined towards writing and his works are read with reverence even today. The ambience of his kingdom was conducive to the creation of high quality work of art and literature. These accomplishments were the outcome of a long standing tradition sustained by several generations.

3. The life of the people of Mewar must have been peaceful and prosperous during the long span of time; otherwise such extraordinary accomplishment in these fields would not have been possible. This is reflected in their art and literature as well as their loving nature. They compensate for lack of admirable physique by their firm but pleasant nature. The ambience of Mewar remains lovely thanks to the cheerful and liberal character of its people.

4. One niay observe astonishing pieces of workmanship not only in the forts and palaces of Mewar but also in public utility buildings. Ruins of many structures which are still standing tall in their grandeur are testimony to the fact that Mewar was not only the land of the brave but also a seat of art and culture. Amidst aggression and bloodshed, literature and art flourished and creative pursuits of literature and artists did not suffer. Imagine, how glorious the period must have been when the Vijaya Stambha which is the sample of our great ancient architecture even today, was constructed. In the same fort, Kirti Stambha is standing high, reflecting how liberal the then administration was which allowed people from other communities and kingdoms to come and carry out construction work. It is useless to indulge in the debate whether the Vijaya Stambha was constructed first or the Kirti Stambha. The fact is that both the capitals are standing side by side and reveal the proximity between the king and \ the subjects of Mewar.

5. The cycle of time does not remain the same. Whereas the reign of Rana Sanga was crucial in raising the kingdom to the acme of glory, it also proved to be his nemesis. 1“ History took a turn. The fortune of Mewar—the land of the brave, started waning. Rana tried to save the day with his acumen which was running against the stream and the glorious traditions for sometime. (Delhi, All India, Foreign 2016)

I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

(a) Maharana Pratap became immortal because:

1. he ruled Mewar for 25 years.
2. he added a lot of grandeur to Mewar.
3. of his valour, sacrifice and patriotism.
4. both (ii) and (Hi).

(b) Difficulties in the way of Mewar were:

1. lack of cooperation of the nobility,
2. ancient traditions of the kingdom.
3. its small area and small population.
4. the poverty of the subjects.

(c) During thorny occasions:

1. the flag of Mewar seemed to be lowered.
2. the flag of Mewar was hoisted high.
3. the people of Mewar showed gallantry.
4. most of the rulers heaved a sigh of relief.

(d) Mewar was lucky because:

1. all of its rulers were competent.
2. most of its people were competent.
3. most of its rulers were competent.
4. only a few of its people were incompetent.

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 6 = 6 Marks)

(e) Who is the earliest king of Mewar mentioned in the passage?
(f) What was Rana Kumbha’s contribution to the glory of Mewar?
(g) What does the writer find worth admiration in the people of Mewar?
(h) How could art and literature flourish in Mewar?
(i) How did the rulers show that they cared for their subjects?
(j) What does the erection of Vijaya Stambha and Kirti Stambha in the same fort signify?

III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as: (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) surprising (para 4)
(b) evidence (para 4)

Question 2.
Read the following passage carefully. (10 Marks)

1. To ensure its perpetuity, the ground is well held by the panther both in space and in time. It enjoys a much wider distribution over the globe than its bigger cousins, and procreates sufficiently profusely to ensure its continuity for all time to come.

2. There seems to be no particular breeding season of the panther, although its sawing and caterwauling is more frequently heard during winter and summer. The gestation period is about ninety to hundred days (Whipsnade, ninety-two days). The litter normally consists of four cubs, rarely five. Of these, generally two survive and not more than one reaches maturity. I have never come across more than two cubs at.the heels of the mother. Likewise, graziers in the forest have generally found only two cubs hidden away among rocks, hollows of trees, and other impossible places.

3. Panther cubs are generally in evidence in March. They are born blind. This is a provision of Nature against their drifting away from the place of safety in which they are lodged by their mother, and exposing themselves to the danger of their being devoured by hyenas, jackals and other predators. They generally open their eyes in about three to four weeks.

4. The mother alone rears its cubs in seclusion. It keeps them out of the reach of the impulsive and impatient male. As a matter of fact the mother separates from the male soon after mating and forgets all about their tumultuous union. The story that the male often looks in to find out how the mother is progressing with her cubs has no foundation except in what we wish it should do at least.

5. The mother carries its cubs about by holding them by the scruff of their neck in its mouth. It trains them to stalk, and teaches them how to deliver the bite of death to the prey. The cubs learn to treat all and sundry with suspicion at their mother’s heels. Instinctively the cubs seek seclusion, keep to cover and protect their flanks by walking along the edge of the forest.

6. I have never had an opportunity to watch mother panther train its cubs. But in Pilibhit forests, I once saw a tigress giving some lessons to its little ones. I was sitting over its kill at Mala. As the sun set, the tigress materialised in the twilight behind my machan. For about an hour, it scanned and surveyed the entire area looking and listening with the gravest concern. It even went to the road where my elephant was awaiting my signal. The mahout spotted it from a distance and drove the elephant away.

7. When darkness descended upon the scene and all was well and safe, the tigress called its cubs by emitting a low haa-oon. The cubs, two in number and bigger than a full-grown cat, soon responded. They came trotting up to their mother and hurried straight to the kill in indecent haste. The mother spitted at them so furiously that they doubled back to its heels immediately. Thereafter, the mother and its cubs sat under cover about 50 feet (15 m) away from the kill to watch, wait, look, and listen. After about half an hour’s patient and fidgetless vigil the mother seemed to say ‘paid for’. At this signal, the cubs cautiously advanced, covering their flanks, towards the kill. No longer did they make a beeline for it, as they had done before.

8. The mother sat watching its cubs eat, and mounted guard on them. She did not partake of the meal. (Delhi, All India, Foreign, 2016)

I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) To protect its cubs the mother panther hides them :

1. among rocks
2. in the branches of the trees
3. behind the tree trunks
4. at its heels

(b) The male panther :

1. is protective of its cubs
2. trains its cubs
3. watches the progress of the mother
4. is impulsive and impatient

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 6 = 6 Marks)

(c) How many cubs does the mother panther rarely deliver?
(d) What may happen if the panther cubs are not born blind?
(e) Why did the mahout drive his elephant away?
(f) Why did the tigress spit at its cubs?
(g) From the narrator’s observation, what do we learn about the nature of the tigress?
(h) Why does the panther not face the risk of extinction?

III. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following. (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) moving aimlessly (para 3)
(b) came down / fell (para 7)

Question 3.
Read the following passage carefully. (8 Marks)

People tend to amass possessions, sometimes without being aware of doing so. They can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned. Those who never have to change house become indiscriminate collectors of what , can only be described as clutter. They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for years in the belief that they may one day need them. Old people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy, and sentiment. Things owned for a long time are full of associations with the past, perhaps with the relatives who are dead, and so they gradually acquire a sentimental value.

Some things are collected deliberately in an attempt to avoid wastage. Among these are string and brown paper, kept by thrifty people when a parcel has been opened. Collecting small items can be a mania. A lady cuts out from newspapers sketches of model clothes that she would like to buy if she had money. As she is not rich, the chances are that she will never be able to afford such purchases. It is a harmless habit, but it litters up her desk. Collecting as a serious hobby is quite different and has many advantages. It provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one’s treasure is always a joy. One doesn’t have to go out for amusement as the collection is housed at home. Whatever it consists of – stamps, records, first editions of books, china – there is always something to do in connection with it, from finding the right place for the latest addition to verifying facts in reference books. This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject, but also in general matters which have some bearing on it.

There are other benefits also. One gets to meet like-minded collectors to get advice, compare notes, exchange articles, to show off one’s latest find. So one’s circle of friends grows. Soon the hobby leads to travelling, perhaps a meeting in another town, possibly a trip abroad in search of a rare specimen, for collectors are not confined to one country. Over the years one may well become an authority on one’s hobby and will probably be asked to give informal talks to little gatherings and then, if successful, to larger audiences. [Delhi, All India, Foreign 2016]

A. On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary—minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5 Marks)
B. Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3 Marks)

SECTION B
ADVANCE WRITING SKILLS (30 MARKS)

Question 4.
Draft an advertisement in about 50 words for a leading practising lawyer Karan Kumar who wishes to buy an independent house of about 1000 square feet at City Light Road to be used as an office- cum-residence. It should be located in a posh area with excellent facilities. Uninterrupted water & electricity. Nearby market must. His mobile No. is 45645678. (4 Marks)
OR
You have planned to organize a summer camp for the children of age group 10¬13 years for developing their creative skills in art—craft, clay modeling, music etc. in your school during the month of May. Draft a notice in not more than 50 words for your notice-board giving details. Mention the last date of registration of the students/ you are Reena/Roshan, Secretary Art and Craft Club, B.V. Public School, Chandigarh.

Question 5.
Your school, KKR Senior Secondary School, is situated in the heart of the city of Mangalore. Many stray animals roam on the school road causing traffic jams as well as accidents. Write a letter to the editor of The Indian Express drawing attention of the municipal authorities to this nuisance. Sign as Rukmani/Rakesh, Head Girl/Head Boy. (Word limit 120-150) (6 Marks)
OR
You are Saurabh/Shweta, 15, Shashigardens, Ghaziabad. Read the advertisement given below and write a letter to the advertiser, applying for the job. Also give your detailed resume which you would send along with your letter of application.

Question 6.
You are Ram/Devi. You recently attended a health camp on yoga. Write an article on the benefits of Yoga for holistic health and the need to practice daily. (Word limit 150-200) (10 Marks)
OR
Write a speech in 150-200 words on the topic ‘Discipline shapes the future of student’. It is to be delivered in the morning assembly. You are Karuna/Karan. (All India 2016)

Question 7.
You witnessed a street fight between a landlord and his tenant and felt bad about their uncouth behavior in a public place. Write a speech to be given in the school assembly, bringing out the need for good manners and polite behavior especially in public places. You are Lalita/Lalit. (Word Limit: 150-200) (10 Marks)
OR
You are Venu/Fatima of Sapphire International School, Delhi. Your school recently organised winter carnival which featured the famous band Rock On. Write a report on the event in150-200 words.

SECTION C
TEXTBOOKS AND EXTENDED READING TEXT (40 MARKS)

Question 8.
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow: (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

Now we will count to twelve
and we will all keep still.
For once on the face of the Earth
let’s not speak in any language,
let’s stop for one second,
and not move our arms so much.

(а) What is the significance of the number ‘twelve’?
(b) Which two activities does the poet want us to stop?
(c) What does the poet mean by ‘let’s not speak in any language’?
(d) Describe the pun on the word, ‘arms’.

OR
…………. I saw my mother,
beside me,
doze, open mouthed, her face
ashen like that
of a cdrpse and realised with
pain ……….

(a) Who is “I”?
(b) What did ‘I’ realise with pain?
(c) Why was the realisation painful?
(d) Identify and name the figure of speech used in these lines.

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in about 30-40 words each: (3 × 4 = 12 Marks)

(a) What does the reference to chappals in ‘Lost Spring’ tell us about the economic condition of the ragpickers? (All India 2016)
(b) What do we learn about the crofter’s nature from the story The Rattrap? (All India 2016)
(c) What is suggested by the ‘Massive weight of the uncle’s wedding band’?
(d) What does the poet want for the children of the slums? How can this change be affected?
(e) How did the dewan procure the hundredth tiger for the tiger king?
(f) How did the governor of Oxford Prison describe Evans to the secretary, examination board? (All India 2016)

Question 10.
Language is an essential part of one’s identity. How did M. Hamel and his students show their love for their language on the day of the last lesson? (6 Marks)
OR
“Sophie’s dreams and disappointments are all in her mind.” Do you agree? Why or Why not? (NCERT)

Question 11.
Both the units of ‘Memories of Childhood’ present autobiographical episodes from the lives of two women from ‘marginalised communities’. Describe the main issues raised as well as the common features highlighted in them. (6 Marks)
OR
Both Derry and Mr. Lamb are victims of physical impairments. Yet they are poles apart in their values and outlook to life. Comment. (Word limit 120 150)

Question 12.
How did Mrs. Hall show her excitement when Griffin came to stay at Coach and Horses Inn? ( Word Limit 120-150) [All India 2016] (6 marks)
OR
What are Godfrey’s arguments for adopting Eppie? (Word limit 120-150)

Question 13.
Marvel was a perfect choice to carry out Griffin’s objective. Comment. (Word limit 120-150) (6 Marks)
OR
Attempt a character sketch of Eppie. (Word limit 120-150) (All India 2016)

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
I. (a) (iv) both (ii) and (iii)
(b) (iii) its small area and small population
(c) (i) the flag of Mewar seemed to be lowered
(d) (iii) most of its rulers were competent

II. (e) Bappa Rawal is the earliest king of Mewar mentioned in the passage. His reign started around 1500 years ago.

(f) Rana Kumbha gave a new stature to the kingdon of Mewar. Literature and art flourished during his reign. He himself had penchant for writing. His works are read with reverence even today.

(g) The people of Mewar may be peaceful and prosperous. It is reflected in their art, literature and loving nature. The pleasant nature of people compensate for lack of their admirable physique.

(h) The enviroment of Mewar was conducive to the creation of high quality work of art and literature. They flourished amidst aggression and bloodshed.

(i) Besides the forts and palaces of Mewar, the surprising pieces of architecture are seen in the public utility buildings also. These structures are testimony to the fact that the rulers had care for their subjects.

(j) The erection of Vijaya Stambha and Kirti Stambha in the same fort signifies the proximity/close relationship between the king and the subjects of Mewar.

III.
(a) Astonishing (b) Testimony

Answer 2.
I. (a) – (i) among rocks (b) (iv) is impulsive and impatient

II. (c) The mother panther rarely delivers five cubs.
(d) If the panther cubs are not born blind, they may drift away from the place of safety. They may also be devoured by hyenas, jackals and the other predators.
(e) The tigress was keeping a vigil over her cubs. The mahout did not want to disturb her. Instead, he desired to assure her that there was no danger. So, he drove his elephant away.
(f) The tigress spat at its cubs to make them aware of dangers. She also wanted them to learn patience.
(g) The tigress is protective of her cubs. She raises them alone and does not allow the male to reach them. Also she trains them well.
(h) Panthers do not face the risk of extinction because they procreate quite profusely and are distributed much widely.

III. (a) Drifting away (b) Descended

Answer 3.
A. TITLE: The Habit of Collection

NOTES:

1. Sentimental value of collection

1. delightful purpose of collection
2. indiscriminate collectors
3. lack of physical and mental energy
4. association with past

2. Purpose of deliberate collection

1. avoidance of wastage
2. can be a mania
3. a harmless habit

3. Adv. of collection

1. relaxtn. for leisure hrs.
2. as verfiying facts in ref. books
3. source of educating people

4. Other benefits of collection

1. meeting of like minded collectors/people
2. source of travelling
3. as authority on one’s hobby

B. SUMMARY

Collection gives a delightful surprise to the people. The indiscriminate collectors only clutter their house. The people are sentimentally attached with the collections as they are closely linked with the past. But deliberate collection is merely a waste of time. The collection of small items bears no meaning as it can be said a mania. However, it can be treated as a harmless habit. On the other hand the habit of valuable collection is the source of relaxation. We get amusement at home. It also serves us as the source of knowledge. This hobby gives opportunity to meet like minded people also. We may apt for travelling to meet them in another town. We may become an authority on our hobby.

Answer 4.

Answer 5.

KKR Senior Secondary School
Kamal Enclave Mangalore
10th May, 20××
The Editor
The Indian Express
New Delhi

Sub: Nuisance Caused by Stray Animals Dear Sir,

Through the columns of your esteemed daily, I would like to express the difficulties caused by stray animals near our school. Ours is a newly developed school situated on the outskirts of the city.

Stray animals are a great threat to pedestrians and vehicle drivers regularly causing traffic jams and often accidents too. Only recently a cow drove its horns into a class nine student causing severe injuries in his abdomen. The dairy owners let loose their domestic animals to graze on the domestic waste and garbage. Many a time the life of many a student is endangered on account of accidents caused by these animals. Stray animals are ubiquitous in the street in front of our school. Often they sit on the road causing considerable inconvenience and danger to the passersby most of whom are students of our school.

Several complaints made to the authorities in the past year have been in vain.

You are requested to give some space to my letter in your prestigious newspaper so that it may reach the ears of the authorities. I hope that the authorities concerned would look into the matter and take immediate steps to solve the problems of the residents.

Thanking you
Yours truly
Rukmani Head Girl
KKR Senior Secondary School

OR

15, Shashi Gardens, Ghaziabad
Uttar Pradesh
19th Sept. 20××
Principal
Sapphire Senior Secondary School
Mira Enclave, Delhi

Sub: Application for the post of a librarian Dear Sir,

With reference to your advertisement in ‘The Times of India’ dated 7 th Sept. 20xx inviting applications for the position of a librarian, I hereby offer my candidature for the same.

As regards my qualifications and experience, I am enclosing my bio-data to enable you to make an assessment of my suitability for the given post. In case my application is considered, I am available for the interview at any time suitable to you.

If selected, I assure you that I shall work with utmost dedication and sincerity to your full satisfaction.

Hoping for a favourable response.
Yours faithfully
Shweta
Enel. : Bio-data and Testimonials

Answer 6.

Yoga: A Holistic Approach to Health
By Ram

You are truly healthy when you are not just physically fit but also mentally and emotionally balanced. Weight loss, a strong and flexible body, glowing beautiful skin, peaceful mind, good health – whatever you may be looking for, yoga has it on offer. Very often, yoga is only understood as being limited to asanas . As such, its benefits are only perceived to be at the body level and we fail to realize the immense benefits yoga offers in uniting the body, mind and breath.

Sun Salutations and Kapal Bhati pranayama are some ways to help you lose weight with yoga. Pranayama and meditation are effective techniques to release stress. Yoga is also one of the best ways to calm a disturbed mind.

Yoga poses massage organs and strengthen muscles. Breathing techniques and meditation release stress and improve immunity. Yoga and pranayama help you bring your mind back to the present moment, where you can stay happy and focused. Yoga can even help improve your relationship with your loved ones by keeping the mind happy . Multiple tasks through the day can be quite exhausting. Yoga provides the secret to feeling fresh and energetic even after a long day.

The deeper you move into your yoga practice, the more profound are its benefits.

OR

Discipline Shapes the Future of Student

Good morning, respected Principal, teachers and students! Today I wish to talk to you about the decisive role that discipline plays in a student’s life.

Discipline is the most fundamental of all qualities that shape a student. Discipline means self-control and never trespassing the rules of propriety.

The lack of discipline among the students is one of the chief social problems of the day. You should be a model student, diligent in studies, well behaved at home, in school and outside.

Elders who are indisciplined, set a bad example to the youngsters. They are unconsciously influenced by the elders. A healthy society which is composed of people who mind their business and who are not sources of botheration to others. Non-interference in others’ affairs is one of the most prized virtues .You should be obedient to your parents, teachers and elders.

You should get up early in the morning, do some exercises and keep yourself trim. Study diligently the lessons of the day. Our nation is often caught in a crisis as people become unruly and fight among themselves. From our young age we should train ourselves to be the ideal citizens of our nation.

It is said that the people of a nation are its wealth. Let us take a vow that we will be dutiful, honorable citizens of India.

Thank you

Answer 7.
Good morning, respected Principal, teachers and other staff! Today I wish to talk to you about the importance of good manners in public life

Man is considered as the most intelligent creation of God on the earth as he lives in the society as well as he has capacity to think, talk and act accordingly. So, he must know how to behave well and practise good manners to behave well with others in the society. Parents must teach their kids how should they behave with family members, neighbours, teachers, etc and respect the views of others. Being a well behaved person, one must be polite, gentle, disciplined, and sweet. Some people behave well with sweet words only at home but when they are outside or with strangers they behave badly.

Good manners help a person to show the same character, everywhere. Well mannered people know well how to show or explain the bitter truth with sweet words. They do not shout or quarrel in public. People, who lack good manners, generally have sharp tongue and behave roughly and abuse others without any reason.

They show that they lack a good culture, society and discipline, thus they are hated everywhere. Well mannered people are honoured and admired everywhere.

I urge you to always be polite and well mannered to all at home as well as outside.

Thank you.

OR

Rock On Performs at Sapphire International
By Venu

Delhi, 23rd Sept. 20xx: A grand winter carnival was organized on 22nd Sept. 20xx by Sapphire International School in the spacious school grounds. It was a warm and pleasant morning. The carnival was inaugurated by the Education Minister of Delhi Manish Sisodia.

The programme started at 11 am when the Education Minister arrived. He appreciated the beautifully organized carnival. About 100 stalls selling beautiful handicraft and utility items had been put up. There was a separate food court offering both Indian and foreign cuisines. The colourfully decorated game stalls were a great hit among the children.

The highlight of the carnival was the musical performance by the renowned band Rock On Himanshu, the lead singer regaled the audience with his melodious songs. The audience comprising students and their friends and family, enthusiastically applauded the performances.

The carnival ended at 6 pm. A student remarked, “This is the best carnival I have seen this year’. A part of the proceeds were donated to the NGO—Saathi.

Answer 8.

(a) The poet wishes to remind the readers the need to keep quiet all twelve months of the year. Twelve could also refer to the twelve hours of the clock.
(b) He wants us to stop speaking and keep our arms still.
(c) He wishes people to to refrain from speaking in any language and unite by the common bond of silence.
(d) Arms could refer to both arms of the human body and the destructive weapons that humans have devised.

OR

(a) Here T refers to the poet.
(b) She realized with pain that her mother was ageing and had become pale and ashen. She was slowly nearing death.
(c) The realization is painful as she fears the pain of separation from her mother.
(d) The figure of speech used here is ‘similie’. It occurs in the line ‘ashen like that of a corpse’.

Answer 9.
(a) The ragpickers move around on dirty roads barefoot. There are several reasons to explain their lack of chappals. One says that wearing chappals was not a tradition in their family. Another says that his mother had not brought it down. The fact is that they were too poor to be able to afford chappals.

(b) The crofter was a lonely and credulous man. He was a generous man as he offered the peddlar food, hospitality and shelter. He even entertained him by playing mjolis with him. In good faith he even told him where he had kept his 30 kronor.

(c) Adrienne Rich’s ‘Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers’ is very rich in imagery. ‘Massive weight of Uncle’s wedding’ is a suggestive imagery. It is symbolic of the weight of the harsh and difficult experiences of her married life. The wedding band represents the unbreakable bond of marriage between the husband and the wife.

(d) The poet has a keen desire that these slum children should break the bonds of living in a slum area. They should not remain dejected, depressed and isolated from the rest of the civilized world. So he urges the governors, teachers, inspectors, invigilators and visitors to come forward and educate the slum children. They should be taken to the horizons of the blue sky so that they can progress and cope with the other world. Through education their life can be made to change.

(e) Dewan’s tiger was an old tiger. It was procured from the People’s Park in Madras. It was not ferocious and agile. It was passive and exhausted. He was pushed down to the ground. He wandered into the Maharaja’s presence and stood as if in humble supplication. The tiger was kept hidden in Dewan’s house. At midnight when the town slept in peace, the Dewan and his wife dragged the tiger into the car drove straight to the forest.

(f) James Roderick Evans was quite a pleasant sort of chap. He had no record of violence. He was one of the stars at the Christmas concert. But he was ‘just a congenital kleptomaniac.’ The prison officers called him “Evans the Break.” Thrice he had escaped from prison.

Answer 10.
It is true that one’s language is a part of one’s cultural identity. It is inseparable part of one’s existence. In the story The Last Lesson, the villagers and M. Hamel became acutely aware of their love for French only when it was snatched from them. They regretted wasting their time in impulsive and futile pursuits and neglecting learning their own language. So the scene in the school on the day of the last lesson in French was different from that on other days. German was going to be imposed on them from the next day. Hence, all students and even the village elders had gathered there. The love for their native language French dominated all other things. Now it was too late as their opportunity had been taken away from them by the cruel Germans.

OR

Like every youth when he is about to leave the school, the struggle of thought begins, even in Sophie. On their way back home, Sophie and Jansie discuss possibilities of work to be started. Sophie’s flight took off from boutique to shop manager, to an actress cum boutique owner and to a fashion designer, though both the girls were earmarked for a biscuit factory.

Like every young girl, Sophie also fancied the world. She also had in her fancies a strong feeling of knowing the unknown, seeing the unseen and even meeting the welcoming strangers. Though her father forbade for taking her to unknown places and countries, yet Sophie expected Geoff to acquaint her to all new and strange things, people and places. She fancied the world greeting and applauding them.

Finally in her fantasizing she had Danny Casey in her mind. So she visited the perfect place for lovers and sat on the solitary wooden bench under the tree. She waited for her lover coming out of the shadows but there was no sign of him. She became burdened with sadness. Thus Sophie’s dreams and disappointments are all of her own creations.

Answer 11.
The lesson ‘Memories of Childhood’ presents autobiographical episodes from the lives of two women. They highlight the plight of ‘the marginalised communities’. The people of these communities never receive honour and dignity due to them. In ‘The Cutting of My Long Hair’ Bonnin describes how an Indian girl suffered extreme indignities. She tried to maintain her identity and her distinct culture. She liked to wear, long and thick hair. But the ‘paleface woman’ and others dragged her out. They tied her fast in a chair and gnawed off her long hair. In ‘We Too Are Human Beings’ Bama, a Tamil Dalit writer, presents the struggle of a girl of a low caste. The people of low castes are never respected and honoured. They have to carry a food packet by its string without touching it. The girl in ‘We Too Are Human Beings’ struggles, studies hard and stands first in the class. She attains equality, and honour.

The most common feature of both these episodes is the struggle and fight against racial and social discrimination. They don’t take oppression, exploitation and injustice meekly.

OR

Derry’s main problem is his burnt face. One side of his face was eaten up by acid. He suffers from a tremendous sense of inferiority complex. He is always conscious that his face is ‘bad’, ‘terrible’ and ‘the ugliest’. People are ‘afraid’ of him. He tries to escape people. He allows himself to be alienated from the world. On the other hand, Mr Lamb doesn’t allow his physical disability to come in his way. He accepts life as it comes. He has a positive attitude towards life, things and people. He doesn’t find solace in escapism. Children tease him by calling ‘Lamey-Lamb’, but he doesn’t mind it. One of his legs was blown off in the war. But he is full of life and enjoys it at his best. He enjoys sitting in the sun, reading books and growing weeds and flowers.

Derry is withdrawn and defiant. He doesn’t trust people. He thinks that no one will ever love and kiss him except his own mother. He can’t stand people staring at him or passing uncharitable remarks. He is touchy and hyper-sensitive. Mr Lamb is open-minded and open-hearted. For him all are welcome. He loves everybody and everything. He teaches Derry how to handle people and things.

Answer 12.
Griffin arrives in Bramblehurst railway station bundled from head to foot with only the tip of his nose showing. He enters the Coach and Horses Inn and demands a room and a fire. Mrs. Hall, the owner is quite excited and obliged as she feels lucky to have a customer in the chill of February. She was also delighted that he did not haggle over the rent. She prepares a supper for him and offers to take his coat and hat, but he refuses to take them off. When he finally removes the hat, his entire head is swathed in a bandage. Mrs. Hall thinks he has endured some accident that had disfigured his face. She tries to get him to talk about himself, but he is taciturn with her, although not particularly rude. When she went to clear his lunch dishes, the stranger finally requests her to have her luggage sent from Bramblehurst railway station. Her bid to initiate yet another conversation with the stranger is met with resistence as the stranger abruptly asks her to get some matches.

OR

Godfrey insists that he has a claim on Eppie and confesses that he is her father. Hitherto he had refrained from revealing this secret out of moral cowardice and guilt he felt for Molly’s death. However he did feel a sense of responsibility towards Eppie. When Godfrey is ready to claim Eppie as his own, he tells Silas that he is standing in the way of Eppie’s welfare. He persuades him that being wealthier he would be able to give a more luxurious upbringing to Eppie. Silas says that he will not argue anymore and leaves the decision up to Eppie. Eppie who dearly loves Silas and regards him as her father refuses Godfrey’s offer of taking care of her.

Answer 13.
Marvel is poor, homeless and jobless tramp. He wears shabby, old-fashioned clothes, like his ‘obsolete hat’, and he has buttons replaced by pieces of string. The narrator goes so far as to tell us that he does everything in a leisurely manner. He doesn’t seem to like work or excitement. The Invisible Man chooses him to carry out his ends as his own state of invisibility had necessitated the help of a normal person. Marvel was a destitute and a jobless man. Also he wasn’t as intelligent, strong willed and sharp as the invisible man. It was easy to manipulate him. Marvel was timid and quite terrified by the abusive and violent ways of the invisible man. He definitely doesn’t like working for the Invisible Man. So it’s no surprise when he decides to resign from his services.

OR

Eppie is Silas’ adopted daughter and the light of his life. Even as a little girl, she is adorable. She is affectionate and trusting—she latches on to Silas right away—and she is full of high spirits and lovable mischief. She loves flowers and butterflies, and birds and animals and loves to explore the world around her.

Not much changes are seen in her even after sixteen years. When we meet Eppie again, she is still high-spirited and full of mischief, talking about her desire for a garden just where Aaron Winthrop will hear, because she knows that he will volunteer to dig it for her. She has a little dog and cat that she frolics with, and she calls Silas by pet names. Eppie is completely devoted to Silas. She doesn’t even want to marry Aaron because she is afraid that she will have to leave her father. And when Godfrey, her biological father, offers to make her a lady, she refuses quickly and firmly thus showing her love and loyalty to Silas.

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Englsih Core Paper 2 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 2, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 2 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 2.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 2

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 2 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Chemistry is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed : 3 Hours
Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions :

• All questions are compulsory.
• Question number 1 to 5 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
• Question number 6 to 10 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
• Question number 11 to 22 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
• Question number 23 is a value based question and carry 4 marks.
• Question number 24 to 26 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
• Use log table, if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Questions

Question 1.
Name the non-stoichiometric point defect responsible for colour in alkali metal halides.

Question 2.
Gelatin is generally added to ice cream. Give reason.

Question 3.
Give IUPAC name of the following organic compound :

Question 4.
Write the structure of Acetoxy salicylic acid.

Question 5.
Name the mono saccharides persent in lactose.

Question 6.
Differentiate between molarity and molality for a solution. How does a change in temperature influence their values?

Question 7.
A chemical reaction is of first order w.r.t. reactant A and of second order w.r.t. reactant B. How is the rate of this reaction affected when

1. the concentration of B is alone increased to three times.
2. the concentration of A as well as B are doubled?

Question 8.
Complete the following chemical equations:

1. Cu + Cone. HNO₃ →
2. S₈ + H₂SO₄ (conc.) →

Question 9.
Write complete chemical equations for

1. Oxidation of Fe²⁺ by Cr₂O^2-₇ in acidic medium
2. Oxidation of S₂O^2-₃ by MnO^–₄ in neutral aqueous medium

Or
Complete the following chemical equations:

1. MnO^–₄ (aq) + C₂O^2-₄ (aq) + H⁺ (aq) →
2. Cr₂O^2-₇ (aq) + Fe²⁺ (aq) + H⁺(aq) →

Question 10.
Which one of the following pair of sustances undergoes S_N2 substitution reaction faster and why?

Question 11.
Calcium crystallises in Face Centered Cubic structure. Radius of the atom in the metal is 141.4 pm.
(a) What is the length of the side of the unit cell?
(b) How many atoms of Calcium are there in its 5 cm³?

Question 12.
Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 10.5 g of MgBr₂ in 200 g of water (given molar mass of MgBr₂ = 184 g mol^-1, K_f for water = 1.86 K kg mol^-1, also MgBr₂ is 80% dissociated).

Question 13.
The rate of a reaction becomes four times when the temperature changes from 300 K to 320 K. Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction, assuming that it does not change with temperature. (R = 8.314 JK^-1 mol^-1)

Question 14.

1. How electrophoresis leads to coagulation of gold sol?
2. Explain Tyndall effect briefy by taking an example.
3. Explain why coagulation of sols will occur.p-

Question 15.
(a) Briefly explain leaching process with reaction.
(b) With the help of reactions, explain how pure Zr is obtained from impure Zr?
(c) With the help of reactions, explain how pure gold is obtained?

Question 16.
How would you carry out the following conversions? Write complete equations in each case.
(a) 1-methylcyyclohexene to 1-iodo methylcyclohexanol
(b) Styrene to 1-bromo-l-phenylethane
(c) But-4-enal to 2-Bromobutane

Question 17.

1. Why in transition elements, the melting point first increases and then decreases?
2. Why scandium (Atomic no. 21) is considered a transition metal?
3. How would you account for the following-Actinoid contraction is greater than lanthanoid contraction?

OR
With the help of chemical reactions, explain how KMnO₄ is prepared from pyrolusite ore? Also, write the chemical reaction of KMnO₄ with SO₂ gas in acidic medium?

Question 18.
How will you bring about following conversions? Write complete equations in each case.
(a) Ethanal to 3-hydroxybutanal
(b) Benzaldehyde to benzophenone
(c) Propanone to propene

Question 19.
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

Question 20.
Explain the following:
(a) Peptide Linkage
(b) Essential amino acid
(c) Pyranose Structure of β Glucose

Question 21.
Write the names and structures of the monomers of the polymers given below:
(a) Buna-S
(b) Neoprene
(c) Nylon-6,6

Question 22.

1. Give two macromolecules used as drug traget.
2. What are antiseptics?
3. What are anionic detergents?

Question 23.
Mamta, a housewife lives in Sonepat (Haryana). The tap water she gets is rich in dissolved salts. She uses ordinary washing soap for washing clothes and she finds that soaps are not very effective in cleaning her clothes. One of her neighbours, Shilpa is a student of science. Shilpa suggested to her to use synthetic detergents for washing clothes.
Answer the following questions:
(i) As a science student, why did Shilpa suggest to Mamta to use synthetic detergent?
(ii) Give one chemical reaction to justify why not to use ordinary soap.
(iii) What were the values associated with the above decision?

Question 24.
What type of a battery is the lead storage battery? Write the anode and the cathode reactions and the overall reaction occurring in a lead storage battery when current is drawn from it. Calculate the emf of the following cell at 25°C:
Cu(s) | CuSO₄(10^-1 M)|| Ag₂SO₄(10^-3 M) | Ag
Given E_cell° = 0.46 V
OR
(a) Write the anode and cathode reactions occurring in a commonly used mercury cell. How is the overall reaction represented?
(b) Calculate the degree of dissociation and dissociation constant of 0.01 M acetic acid at 298 K, given that
Δ⁰_m (CH₃COOH) = 39 S cm² mol^-1
Δ⁰_m (CH₃COO^–) = 40.9 S cm² mol^-1
Δ⁰_m (H⁺) = 349.1 S cm² mol^-1

Question 25.
(a) Explain each of the following:

1. Molten PCl₅ conducts electricity
2. The electron gain enthalpy of Fluorine is less than Chlorines .
3. Fluorine forms only one oxoacid, that is HOF

(b) Draw the structure of
(i) XeOF
(ii) ClF^–₄
OR
Answer the following

1. Which neutral molecule would be isoelectronic with CIO^–?
2. Of Bi (V) and Sb(V) which may be stronger oxiding agent and why?
3. What is the basicity of H₃PO₃ and why?
4. Why do noble gases have very low boiling points?
5. Nitrogen is much less reactive than phosphorus at room temperature. Why?

Question 26.
(a) Arrange the following sets of compounds in increasing order according to the given instruction.

1. Phenol, 2-nitrophenol, Cyclohexanol (Acidic character)
2. pentan-l-ol, n-butane, pentanal, ethoxyethane (boiling points)

(b) Describe the mechanism of hydration of ethene to yield ethanol.
(c) Write Kolbe’s reaction with an example.
OR
(a) Explain the following name reactions with a suitable example.

1. Reimer-Tiemann reaction
2. Williamson’s synthesis

(b)

1. Haloalkanes are more soluble in organic solvent as compared to water, why?
2. Grignard’s reagent is prepared under anhydrous conditions, why?
3. Phenol is more acidic than ethanol, why?

Answers 

Answer 1.
F-centre or metal excess defect

Answer 2.
Gelatin acts as an emulsifying agent as well as prevents crystallisation of water.

Answer 3.
3-Hydroxyhex-4-enoic acid

Answer 4.

Answer 5.
β-D-galactose and β-D-glucose.

Answer 6.

• Molarity : It is the number of moles of solute per litre of solution.
• Molality : It is number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

In case of molarity, its value will decrease with increasing temperature but molality remains unchanged with change in temperature.

Answer 7.
According to given information the rate law equation is
rate = k[A] [B]²

1. On increasing [B] three times
   rate₁ = k [A] [3B]²
   = 9 k[A] [B]²
   i.e. rate becomes nine times.
2. When [A] and [B] gets doubled, then
   rate₂ = K[2A] [2B]² = 8 K[A] [B]²
   i.e. rate becomes 8 times.

Answer 8.

1. Cu + 4HNO₃ (conc.) → Cu (NO₃)₂ + 2NO₂ + 2H₂O
2. S₈ + 16H₂SO₄ (conc.) → 24SO₂ + 16H₂O

Answer 9.
(a) Cr₂O^2-₇ + 6Fe²⁺ + 14⁺ → 2Cr³⁺ + 6Fe³⁺ + 7H₂O
(b) 8MnO^–₄ + 3S₂O^2-₃ + H₂O → 8MnO₂ + 6SO^2-₄ + 2OH^–
OR
(a) 2MnO^–₄ + 5S₂O^2-₄ + 16H⁺ → 2Mn²⁺ + 8H₂O + 10CO₂
(b) CrO^2-₇ + 3H₂S + 8H⁺ → 2Cr³⁺ + 3S + 7H₂O

Answer 10.

Answer 11.
Since calcium crystallises in fee structure, so

Answer 12.
From question

Answer 13.
Since K₂ = 4K₁
T₁ = 300 K, T₂ = 320 K, R = 8.314 JK^-1 mol.
from Arrhenius relation:

Answer 14.

1. The colloidal particles move towards oppositely charged electrode i.e. electropheoresis takes place and it will lead to coagulation of gold sol.
2. The path of light becomes visible due to scattering of light by particles of starch sol and tyndall effect will take place.
3. Coagulation of sol will occur due to neutralisation of charges on the colloidal particles.

Answer 15.
(a) The process of leaching with NaOH (aq) is used for leaching of bauxite ore to get pure alumina (Al₂O₃). The reaction involved is
Al₂O₃(g) + 2NaOH(aq) + 3H₂O(g) → Al₂O₃2CH₂O↓ + 2NaHCO₃ (aq)
Precipitate is filtered, washed and dried, followed by heating to get pure Al₂O₃.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.

1. It is due to strong metal metal bond which is there because of small size and large number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell.
2. Sc (21) → [Ar] 3d¹4s²
   It contains partially filled d-orbital in the ground state, i.e. 3d¹ configuration, hence it is d-orbital considered as a transition metal.
3. It is due to poorer shielding of 5f electrons in actinoids as compared to 4f electrons of lanthanoids.

OR
Preparation of KMnO₄ from pyrolusite ore :

Reaction with SO₂
2MnO^–₄ + 5SO₂ + 2H₂O \(\underrightarrow { { H }^{ + } } \) 2Mn²⁺ + 5SO^2-₄ + 4H⁺

Answer 18.

Answer 19. 

Answer 20.
(a) Peptide linkage : Proteins are connected to each other through

(amide linkage) bond which is called peptide bond or linkage in protein chemistry,
e.g.

(b) Essential amino acid : The amino acids which must be taken in diet regularly are known as essential amino acids.
(c) Pyranose structure of β-glucose is as follows:

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

1. Protein, enzymes, hormones etc.
2. Antiseptics : The class of compounds used to kill microorganisms on living cells are known as antiseptics.
3. These are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons, since large part of such detergent is anionic and cleansing action is also due to this part. Hence such detergents are known as anionic detergents. Most of the household detergents are anionic.

Answer 23.
(a) Synthetic detergents provide cleaning in soft water as well as in hard water.

(c) Values associated are knowledge of chemistry, concern for friend, cleanliness and environment protection, (any two)

Answer 24.
It is a secondary battery, i.e. rechargeable
Cell reaction during battery in use:
At anode : Pb(s) + SO^2-₄(aq) → PbSO₄(aq) + 2e^–
Cathode : Pb(s) + SO^2-₄(aq) + 4H⁺(aq) + 2e → PbSO₄(s) + 2H₂O (l)
Net reaction : Pb(s) + PbO₂(s) + 2H₂SO₄(aq) → 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O(l)

(b) Cell reactions at
Anode → Cu(s) Cu²⁺ + x  Here, n = 2
Cathode → (Ag⁺ + e^– → Ag) × 2
Net reaction :
Cu(s) + 2Ag⁺ → Cu²⁺ + 2Ag
At 298 K, Nemst equation for emf of cell:

OR
Reaction of mercury cell at
Anode : Zn (Hg) + 20H^– → ZnO(s) + H₂O + 2e^–
Cathode : HgO + 2H₂O + 2e^– → Hg(l) + 2OH^–
Overall reaction:
Zn(Hg) + HgO(s) → ZnO(s) + Hg(s)
[since no ion is involved during the overall reaction, so cell potential remains constant during the entire life of the cell]

(b) from question (Δ⁰_m) = 39 S cm² mol^-1
limiting molar conductivity (Δ⁰_m) for acetic acid
Δ⁰_m (CH₃COOH) = λ_CH3COO^– + λ°_H+
= 349.1 + 40.9 – 390 S cm² mol^-1
Now, Degree of dissociation,

α = 0.1
Dissociation constant (K_a) for fa acetic acid :
K = Cα² = (0.01) (0.1)² = 10^-4

Answer 25.
(a)

1. In molten state PCl₅ exist as [PCl₄]⁺ and [PCl₆]^– ions, hence it conducts electricity.
2. It is due to high electron density in valence shell of fluorine.
3. Due to absence of d orbitals in F, it cannot expand its covalency.

OR

1. OF₂ or ClF
2. Bi(V) is an stronger oxidising agent, reason being Bi(III) is more stable than Bi(V) because of inert pair effect.
3. Structure of H₃PO₃ –
   
   Its basicity is two and the reason being is, it consists of two OH groups, hence only 2H⁺ ions can be released.
4. Noble gases are monotomic gas molecules and hence only weak dispersion forces are there. As a result they have low boiling point.
5. Triple bond present between two nitrogen atoms is much stronger than P-P single bond, hence nitrogen is less reactive than phosphorous.

Answer 26.
(a)

1. Cyclohexanol < phenol < 2-nitrophenol
2. n-butane < ethoxyethane < pentanal < pentan-1-ol

OR
(a)

1. Reimer-Tiemann reaction:
   
2. Williamson’s synthesis:
   An alkyl halide reacts with sodium alkoxide to form ether.
   R-X + R’- ONa → R-O-R’ + NaX
   CH₃Cl + NaOC₂H₅ → CH₃-O-CH₂-CH₃ + NaCl

(b)

1. Haloalkanes are unable to form hydrogen bond with water but bonding of haloalkanes with organic solvent is as strong as among haloalkanes. Due to this reason haloalkanes are more soluble in organic solvent than water.
2. Grignard reagent reacts immediately with water to form alkane, hence they are prepared under anhydrous conditions.
   RMgX + H₂O → RH + MgX(OH)
3. Phenoxide ion is resonance stablised, hence phenol is more acidic than ethanol (ethoxide ion is destablised by +I effect of alkyl group).

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 2 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 2, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 1 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 1.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 English Core Paper 1

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Englsih Core is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed : 3 hours
Maximum Marks : 100

General Instructions

• This paper is divided into three sections: A, B and C. All the sections are compulsory.
• Separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary. Read these instructions very carefully and follow them faithfully.
• Do not exceed the prescribed Word limit while answering the questions.

SECTION A
READING (30 MARKS)

Question 1.
Read the following passage carefully. (12 Marks)

Cycle of change: Biking communities making the bicycle popular again

1. In 1976, six-year-old Anil Uchil started cycling by renting a bicycle at 25 paise an hour. He got his own road bike when he turned 13, and he cycled everywhere: to school, college and even to work in 1993. He still cycles to work. “It’s healthy, environment-friendly and economical. But the real reason I cycle is because it’s sheer fun,” he says.

2. Earlier this year, PM Narendra Modi, in a speech on environmental crisis, said, “Why don’t we make Sunday cycle day? I am saying that only one day a week; don’t use fuel- driven vehicles.” Internationally, a lot has been done to encourage people to use the bicycle as a primary means of transport. UK’s Cycle to Work scheme offers tax-free bicycles to employees. 45% of people in Copenhagen cycle to work/college. In Brussels (Belgium), Geneva (Switzerland), or San Francisco (USA), it is not uncommon to see top rung corporate executives in three-piece suits cycling their way to office.

3. Cycling, though, has been a part of Indian culture for decades. Apart from people across strata in smaller towns and villages, in cities, mill workers, newspaper delivery boys, milk vendors and bread sellers have always used the bicycle. Today, the resurgent popularity of the bicycle isn’t so much as a practical mode of commuting as it is a way towards fitter lifestyles and eco-friendliness.

4. Around the late 2000s, as the middle and affluent classes took to cycling, internet penetration also grew in India. Many made use of social media to create awareness. Numerous groups on Facebook today help cyclists connect to fellow riders. The shared passion for cycling brings together absolute strangers, building friendships and a sense of community.

5. Jose George, an avid cycling enthusiast and the owner of the cycling store, Haybren Adventures, says, “Riding in a group is always more enjoyable. And you end up riding a lot more.” Usually, the ride distances range from 20 to 80 km, and are held mostly on weekends. Apart from the environmental benefits, cycling is also an effective way to break away from a sedentary lifestyle. “It’s a low-impact exercise where you don’t carry your body weight. The machine does. It’s great stress buster too,” George says.

6. But (while there are eager riders, the lack of infrastructure is a deterrent. Dedicated cycling lanes are still a distant dream. And if the traffic and questionable driving skills of many don’t discourage you, the potholes and gaps between concrete segments might. Another sore point is the derisive attitude of motorists and drivers. Banker and cycling enthusiast Ninad Waghule, 28, says, “Most drivers aren’t considerate towards cyclists. However, if you’re on an expensive cycle and wearing a helmet, you get more respect compared to a regular person commuting to work. It’s a pity.”

7. The cycling culture has also given birth to adventure travel companies that organise cycling trips. From short weekend trips to longer and more arduous (but rewarding) journeys, cycling tours are gaining popularity. CEO Prateek Deo Gupta, a cycling enthusiast, says, “Travelling by cycle, as opposed to a car, shows you know more of the local culture”. Nitin Yadav, co-founder of Delhi-based Cycle It, which focuses solely on cycling trips, says the past four to five months have particularly seen a rise in numbers. Launched last year, Cycle It offers trips on the picturesque Manali to Leh route, and Kumaon, Uttarakhand.

8. American science educator Bill Nye famously said, “There’s something wrong with a society that drives a car to work out in a gym.” Thankfully, in spite of potholed roads and our despicable habit of honking cyclists out of the way, things are changing.

(Source: Manali Shah, Hindustan Times, Mumbai, Oct 08, 2015)

I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

(a) Cycling is becoming popular again due to

1. traffic jams.
2. request of the Prime minister.
3. health benefits.
4. reviving Indian culture.

(b) Riding in groups is more beneficial because it helps to :

1. restrict friendships.
2. inculcate sense of kinship.
3. follow the routine of everyday life.
4. none of the above.

(c) Cycling tours are becoming popular because:

1. they are discussed on facebook.
2. they are more satisfying.
3. one can experience more of regional traditions.
4. all the above.

(d) The deterrents to cycling include:

1. Co-operation of the motorists.
2. stress while cycling.
3. non availability of allocated lanes for cyclists.
4. going to the gym regularly.

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 6 = 6 Marks)

(e) How has cycling been a part of Indian culture?
(f) What is the difference between the attitude of people of Brussels or Geneva and India to cyclists?
(g) How has the spread of internet helped in promoting cycling?
(h) How have the travel companies benefitted from cycling?
(i) There is a difference in attitude of the drivers to the different cyclists. Explain.
(j) Why does the columnist say that the things are changing?

III. Find words from the passage which mean the same as: (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) chief (para 2)
(b) sarcastic (para 6)

Question 2.
Read the following passage carefully. (10 Marks)

Don’t be snobbish! Teach your folks the latest technology

1. Quite recently, I observed a young guy in the office cafeteria yelling at his mom because she had called him to ask how to send an audio message through Whatsapp. “Mom, you don’t need to try and be all savvy. Just leave it and make a normal call”, he said, after trying to teach her the commands once, and realising that she’s not getting it. I didn’t like what he said and his tone but it did make me realise and feel guilty about the  several times that even I may have lost patience while helping my parents understand the new technologies. If you are, intentionally or unintentionally, fuelling insecurity and lack of confidence in an elderly person about use of new technologies, you are not doing yourself a favour, because you’ll soon reach that stage yourself.

2. It was not long ago that Orkut became Facebook and BBM became Whatsapp. So it’s not long when these two also become obsolete or die down. The same goes for the operating systems of the various phones and gadgets we use. The fact that most of you so easily adapt to a new platform or gadget is because you are constantly, almost 24X7, using these gadgets. But unlike most of you, people who did not have these gadgets in their hands as constant fixtures have to start from the scratch. Hence, they find it tough and intimidating, and often struggle with the basics. It’s like when they were teaching you ABC. Did they shout at you because you couldn’t frame sentences? So, now that the roles stand reversed and you get to be the teacher, you better treat them with the same love and patience that they showed for you.

3. For those of you who have never experienced the joy of seeing an old person discover the magic of internet, it is a wonderful thing when their eyes light up on discovering that they can message their friends or relatives anywhere in the world and get instant response, for free. They may take ages to type out a coherent sentence, but the moment they click ‘send’, their excitement is incomparable. They may make a lot of mistakes and you may get frustrated or embarrassed but it’s all worthwhile in the end. Remember, holding a smart-phone in your hand doesn’t make you smart. Being able to give back to someone who patiently taught you everything you know in life does.

4. Yes, life is hectic and teaching technology to parents or grandparents isn’t a priority but the little effort of spending an hour every week in making your elders proficient in technology goes a long way in making your own life much easier.

5. While for them, being on social media brings up a new universe to explore joyfully, it also opens several new avenues for you to communicate with your ageing parents. Many young people who were too busy to call their mom or dad often have now taken to regularly chatting with them on Whatsapp. Although I would never agree that chatting or talking on the phone is a sufficient replacement for spending actual, physical time with your elders, it’s still better than not being in touch for days together.

6. So, no more making faces, rolling eyes or being all sarcastic about an elder person struggling with the basics of technology. You may know the software more, but they’ve seen the world more. There’s no comparison.

(Source: Sonal Kalra, Hindustan Times, New Delhi, August 22, 2015)

I. On the basis of your understanding of the passage, answer the following questions by choosing the most appropriate option. (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) How does the writer suggest that we would be in the same position as the elderly?

1. We will have impatient children
2. Technology gets updated regularly
3. The next generation will speak rudely to us
4. Both (i) and (ii)

(b) The learning process for the elderly with reference to technology would include:

1. taking time to type a understandable message
2. being anxious at their attempts
3. asking about it repeatedly
4. all the above.

II. Answer the following questions as briefly as possible. (1 × 6 = 6 Marks)

(c) What realization did the columnist have after her observation at the cafeteria?
(d) Why does the younger generation pick up technology fast?
(e) What is fascinating about the internet for elderly?
(f) How should we respond to the queries of the elderly regarding technology?
(g) How can teaching technology to the elders in our family make our life easier?
(h) What is the final message of the writer?

III. Find words from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following. (1 × 2 = 2 Marks)

(a) increasing (para 1)
(b) unique (para 3)

Question 3.
Read the following passage carefully. (8 Marks)

In a very short period of time the internet has had a profound impact on the way we live. Since the internet was made operational in 1983, it has lowered both the costs of communication and the barriers to creative expression. It has challenged old business models and enabled new ones. It has provided access to information on a scale never before achievable.

It succeeded because we designed it to be flexible and open. These two features have allowed it to accommodate innovation without massive changes to its infrastructure. An open, borderless and standardized platform means that barriers to entry are low, competition is high, interoperability is assured and innovation is rapid.

The beauty of an open platform is that there are no gatekeepers. For centuries, access to and creation of information was controlled by the few. The internet has changed that and is rapidly becoming the platform for everyone, by everyone.

Of course, it still has a way to go. Today there are only about 2.3 billion internet users, representing roughly 30% of the world’s population. Much of the information that they can access online is in English, but this is changing rapidly. The technological progress of the internet has also set social change in motion. As with other enabling inventions before it, from the telegraph to television, some will worry about the effects of broader access to information—the printing press and the rise in literacy that it effected were, after all, long seen as destabilising. Similar concerns about the internet are occasionally raised, but if we take a long view, I’m confident that its benefits far outweigh the discomforts of learning to integrate it into our lives. The internet and the world wide web are what they are because literally millions of people have made it so. It is a grand collaboration.

It would be foolish not to acknowledge that the openness of the internet has had a price. Security is an increasingly important issue and cannot be ignored. If there is an area of vital research and development for the internet, this is one of them. I am increasingly confident, however, that techniques and practices exist to make the internet safer and more secure while retaining its essentially open quality.

After working on the internet and its predecessors for over decades, I’m more optimistic about its promise than I have ever been. We are all free to innovate on the net every day. The internet is tool of the people, built by the people and it must stay that way.

A. On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary—minimum four) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5 Marks)

B. Write a summary of the passage in about 80 words. (3 Marks)

SECTION B
ADVANCE WRITING SKILLS (30 MARKS)

Question 4.
Every year on Children’s Day, an exhibition of Science projects is held at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium. Your school has received an invitation from the Education Minister of Delhi inviting the students of your school to visit it. Write a notice in about 50 words informing the students about the display, advising them to go and enjoy it. You are Sunil/Sunita Sahoo, Head Boy/Head Girl Bright Minds Public School, New Delhi. (4 Marks)
OR
Draft a poster informing the readers about hazards of alcoholism in 50 words.

Question 5.
On the approaching Sports’ Day, you realise that many House Flags, batons, badminton racquets, high jump equipment, and many other required by the participants, are in a bad state because of wear & tear. Place an order for all these things along with their numbers to Akram Sports Goods, A-10, Sector-10 Noida, specifying the terms & conditions to get good bargain at a discounted rate for the school. Write this letter as Navtej/Navita, the Sport’s teacher, Navin Public School, 112 Taj Road, Agra. (6 Marks)
OR
Recently you travelled from Bangalore city to Vasco in Vasco Express. To your dismay, you found that the coach was infested with cockroaches. Write a letter to The General Manager, Southern Railways, complaining about the prevailing unhygienic conditions and asking for remedial action. You are Saroj/Saran, 5/31, Bangalore Cantt., Bangalore.

Question 6.
Recent rains and consequent water-logging have increased the risk of malaria and dengue. Write a speech in 150-200 words to be delivered in the morning assembly advising the students on prevention of and protection against these ailments and the steps that the school has taken to prevent mosquito breeding in and around the school. Imagine you are the Principal of the school. (10 Marks)
OR
More industrial production means availability of more goods, better life style, lower prices, more jobs, etc. However, a higher standard of living can be achieved only at a cost and that is, depletion of raw materials and air and water pollution. Write a debate in 150-200 words either for or against the motion—‘Standard of living can be raised, but only at a great cost.’ You are Aseem/Aashima.

Question 7.
Recently, a Car Free Day was organized in Gurgaon and Delhi to encourage the commuters to avail public transport. This was done as vehicles lead to traffic jams, air pollution, road rage and an unhealthy competition in the middle class to own more and newer cars. What are your views on the issue—Private cars or Public transport? Describe them in an article in 150-200 words. You are Sujit/ Sunaina. (10 Marks)
OR
Write a speech to be delivered in the morning assembly in 150-200 words on ‘Delhi: A City of Crime’.

SECTION C
TEXTBOOKS AND EXTENDED READING TEXT (40 MARKS)

Question 8.
Read the following extract carefully and answer the questions that follow : (1 × 4 = 4 Marks)

Those who prepare green wars,
Wars with gas, wars with fire, victory with no survivors,
Would put on clean clothes and walk about With their brothers in the shade, doing nothing.

(a) What are green wars?
(b) How will the few moments of introspection affect the people?
(c) Explain the irony in “Victory with no survivors”.
(d) Name the poem and the poet.

OR
Rich with sprinkling of fair musk rose blooms;
And such too is the grandeur of the dooms
We have imagined for the mighty dead;
All lovely-tales that we have heard or read;
An endless fountain of Immortal drink,
Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink.

(a) What is the beautiful scene that one sees in the middle of the forest?
(b) Why does the poet call the dooms to be full of grandeur?
(c) Whom does the word ‘mighty dead’ refer to?
(d) Explain ‘Immortal drink’.

Question 9.
Answer any four of the following questions in about 30-40 words each: (3 × 4 = 12 Marks)

(a) Why do you think Aunt Jennifer’s hands are fluttering through her wool? Why is she finding the needle so hard to pull?
(b) Why were a large number of villagers seated on the back benches?
(c) How did the Maharaja manage to save his throne?
(d) Why did Evans drape a blanket round his shoulder?
(e) Why did Bama take half hour to an hour to cover the distance to her home that would normally take only ten minutes?
(f) How did the wizard help Roger Skunk?

Question 10.
Why did Gandhiji consider ‘freedom from fear‘ and a realization that in their own country they can fight for justice was more important than legal and monetary justice for the poor peasants of Champaran? Answer in about 120-150 words. (6 marks)
OR
“The absence of essential value of human compassion, dignity of human life and consideration can be clearly visualized in the ‘Memories of Childhood’.” How far has the meaning of this statement been exemplified in the stories of the two women? Are they close to Malala’s fight for right to education?

Question 11.
How did Dr. Sadao, rise above narrow prejudices of race and country for assisting a human being in need? Discuss. (Word limit 120-150) (6 marks)
OR
By looking at Zitkala-Sa and Bama’s life, one can say that it may take a long time for oppression to be resisted but seeds of rebellion are sowed early in life. Additionally, injustice in any form can have a permanent impact on children too. Justify. (Word limit 120-150) (NCERT)

Question 12.
What forced Griffin to become a bandaged caricature of a man? (Word Limit 120-150) (6 Marks)
OR
What kind of life did Silas lead before coming to Raveloe?

Question 13.
Excessive ambition is behind all that happens in the story. Griffin, devoid of all traces of humanity has become blind in his pursuit. Justify in context of the novel ‘The Invisible Man’. (Word limit 120-150) (6 Marks)
OR
Describe Nancy’s character and her outlook to life in Silas Marner.

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
I.
(a) (iii) health benefits
(b) (ii) none of the above
(c) (iv) all of the above
(d) (iii) non availability of allocated lanes for cyclists.

II. (e) Cycling has always been a part of Indian culture especially among the less affluent in smaller towns and villages. In cities it is used by mill workers, milk vendors newspaper delivery boys and bread sellers. Today it is used as a way to fitter and eco-friendly lifestyles.

(f) In Brussels even the top rung corporate executives prefer cycling to their offices. This is not the case in India.

(g) Spread of Internet has given rise to numerous groups on Facebook that help cyclists connect to fellow riders. Thus a shared passion builds a friendship and a sense of community.

(h) Adventure travel companies have taken to organising short weekend cycling trips to longer and more arduous trips.

(i) Most drivers display derisive attitude towards cyclists unless they are in an expensive cycle with a helmet.

(j) Things are slowly changing as despite the odds more and more people are opting for cycling to keep fit. Social media has proved to be a boon in promoting the culture of cycling.

III. (a) primary (b) derisive

Answer 2.
I. (a) (iv) Both (i) and (ii) (b) (iv) all of the above

II. (c) The columnist realised that she herself may have been impatient with her parents while helping them with new technologies and felt guilty for such treatment.

(d) The younger generation is faster in learning new technologies since they are using them 24 × 7.

(e) The internet opens up a new universe which the elderly explore joyfully. They also love the newer and easier ways of communicating that internet offers.

(f) If elders ask us about the use of technology, we should teach it to them patiently and respectfully.

(g) If we teach technology to the elders of our family, we will be able to have regular chatting or talking with them on phone as we have no time to talk with them regularly face to face.

(h) The final message of the writer is that wre should not make any sarcastic comments if our elders ask us to teach them to use technology, instead we should teach them calmly and respectfully.

III. (a) fuelling (b) incomparable

Answer 3.
A. TITLE: Internet—A Game Changer

NOTES :

1. Features Of Internet

(a) Flexible & open
(b) Standardised platform
(c) High Compttn.
(d) Rapid innovation.

2. Global Penetration

(a) Used by 30% of populn.
(b) English-major language.

3. Positive Impact

(a) Agent of social change
(b) Enable new busi. models
(c) Lowered commun. costs
(d) Aids creative innovation

4. Areas of concern

(а) Insecure platform v open
(b) Need to put checks for greater safety.

B. SUMMARY

Internet is an open and flexible platform. It is standardised. The competition is high and is open to rapid innovation. About 30% of the world population is internet user. Though the access is in English but this is also changing. It has positively impacted society as it has triggered great social change. It has also enabled new business models. Besides lowering communication costs it has aided creative innovation. Still it is not without drawbacks. The greatest one being that due to its openness it is too insecure. There is a need to create checks and practices which will lend it greater degree of safety.

Answer 4.

Answer 5.
Navin Public School
112 Taj Road, Agra
30th Sep, 20XX

The Manager
Akram Sports Goods
A-10, Sector 10, Noida

Sub: Order for Sports Goods

Dear Sir,

Our school is going to host its Annual Sports Day on 18 October, 20xx. With regard to this, we would like to place an order for certain sports equipment.

The set specifications of the order are as under :

Since our association with you is a long one, we would like a discount of 25% on the above order. You are requested to arrange for the goods to be delivered by 8 October, 20xx. Kindly note that the damaged goods will be returned for replacement. Payment would be made by cheque at the time of delivery.

Yours sincerely
Navtej
H.O.D., Sports Department

OR

5/31, Bangalore Cantt.
Bangalore
7th September, 20xx
The General Manager
Southern Railways

Sub: Unhygienic Condition in Rail Coaches

Dear Sir/Madam

Last month I took the Vasco Express from Bangalore on a business related matter. After I settled myself and my luggage thinking of getting a good night’s rest, I was dismayed and disgusted to see cockroaches creeping out of the seat. I myself spotted not less than fifteen or twenty. I could not sleep the entire night fearing that they may crawl over me while I was sleep.

Sir, my mind is full of questions. Is it not the customer’s right to have clean and pest-free compartment as they pay for the travel? Railways need to improve the hygienic conditions of the coaches in order to improve their own reputation and the travel experience of their customers.

Yours sincerely
Saroj

Answer 6.
Good morning, respected principal, teachers and students! I take the opportunity in this morning assembly to address you on an important health issues. As you all are aware the recent heavy rains have caused widespread waterlogging and have increased the risk of malaria and dengue. I am sure you know that both these diseases are caused by mosquitoe bites and once contracted can take a toll on your health. Here are a few tips to keep mosquitoes at bay.

• Wear full sleeve clothes.
• Wear trousers instead of shorts and skirts.
• Use mosquito repellant creams and patches.

On our part we have arranged fumigation of all rooms, nooks and corners by professionals. One bottle of mosquito spray has been kept in each class to use as and when required. All drains in and around the school have been cleaned and disinfected.

I hope you will take care of your health and cooperate in creating mosquito-free surroundings.

Thank you.

OR

Esteemed judges I, Aseem stand before you to debate for the motion. Standard of living can be raised but only at a great cost. We are living in an era of consumerism, which dictates our definition of ‘standard of living’. In a nutshell if you have more goods and more and more of the same goods, you are perceived as having a high standard of living. For example, car owners are seen as having a higher standards than those who own scooters. Likewise a person owning three cars is seen with more respect and admiration than the one having just one. But raising of the so-called standard of living entails a great toll on our natural resources. More trees need to be cut to have bigger and better houses and furniture. More animals need to be butchered to satisfy our taste for exotic meats. These are but a few examples. Our consumerist attitude may deplete the earth in the near future. So the need of the hour is to adopt a minimalistic lifestyle thereby saving the earth’s resources.

Thank you.

Answer 7.
Private cars or public Transport? By: Sujit

The Delhi government recently announced Car-free days in a bid to decrease congestion on roads and encourage commuters to use public transport. The number of cars on Delhi roads is on the rise owing to the rising purchasing power of the middle class coupled with the desire to compete with others. Hardly do they realise that how much congestion and pollution is caused due to this trend.

The advantages of using private cars are that they are convenient and comfortable and give the users a great degree of autonomy. The disadvantages of using private card are that they result in traffic jams, air pollution and accidents. Though public transport has some drawbacks, yet we should try to use public transport as much as possible instead of our private cars. DTC buses are unreliable and unsafe especially for women who sometimes suffer eve-teasing while travelling in them. They are overcrowded too. Delhi Metro is a better alternative as it is punctual, safer for women and more secure. There is a need to increase the frequency of DTC buses and metro trains to make public transport more appealing. Autos should run only by the meter and not should not over charge.

OR

Respected Principal, teachers and my dear friends!

Today I am going to express my views on the topic ‘Delhi: A City of Crime’ and hope my views will be appreciated by you.

Delhi has become notorious for its crime rate—robberies in the day time, murders of senior citizens in crowded colonies, kidnappings from main roads and rapes in moving cars. With the police dragging its feet in catching the wrongdoers and the courts’ lackadaisical attitude in passing judgement, criminals are encouraged to continue their nefarious activities. Matters are not helped when highly placed officials and politicians use their influence upon the guilty. The contrast between the wealthy and the underprivileged is growing, and with the open display of wealth of the former, the latter feel crime is the shortest way to achieve the same goals. Movies romanticize the bad and the ugly side of life, adding fuel to the already growing fire. People themselves break laws by not verifying their servants or tenants or by turning a blind eye to wrongdoings.

The city has acquired a bad reputation. Where once only selected areas were considered unsafe, now the whole city is under attack.

The government needs to take strict action against recalcitrant police officers and those who block the course of justice. Judgement in criminal cases must be swift and harsh. People must realise that they also have the responsibility of keeping crime at bay. It is only when everyone works together that we can make Delhi a worthwhile place to live in.

Thank you.

Answer 8.

(a) ‘Green wars’ are all activities which harm nature and environment.
(b) While introspecting, the poet hopes that man will be able to see their mindless activities which are harming nature. They may change their goals and means to achieve their needs thus bringing more peace in their lives.
(c) It is ironical that when wars are won there are no survivors to celebrate the victory.
(d) The poem is ‘Keeping Quiet’. The poet is Pablo Neruda.

OR

(a) One sees the musk rose blooming in the middle of the forest.
(b) The stories of the death of the mighty heroes in the past have been described with great grandeur. Hence the poet speaks about them admiringly.
(c) ‘Mighty dead’ refers to the great and powerful inspiring heroes who are now dead.
(d) The things of beauty are a source of eternal pleasure and relaxation to man. Thus the immortal drink, an elixir, never dries up.

Answer 9.
(a) Aunt Jennifer’s fluttering fingers indicate her terrorised and tortured state of mind. The uncle’s wedding ring has burdened her soul and personality so much that she finds even a needle hard to handle.

(b) It was the last day of French lessons in M. Hamel’s classroom. The German order had forbidden the learning of French from the next day. Only German would be spoken in Alsace. The villagers had come to attend the last French lesson to pay their respect to their teacher who had spent forty years in teaching French.

(c) The Maharaja had refused the British official. In doing so he ran a great risk as his kingdom could be annexed. To make up to the British official he sent 50 rings to the official’s wife who instead of choosing one or two accepted all the 50 rings as a gift. The Maharaja paid a heavy sum but managed to save his throne.

(d) Evans draped on a blanket around his shoulder on the pretext of his cell being cold. In fact, beneath it he changed his clothes that McLeery brought for him.

(e) Ori her way back home Bama was captivated by the many entertaining people and activities of the market. She found the snake charmer, the performing monkey to name a few very engrossing. Hence the ten minute walk stretched to thirty minutes.

(f) The wizard helped Roger Skunk by substituting the awful smell of the skunk with the beautiful fragrance of roses. In doing so the wizard helped Roger Skunk immensely as now he was happily accepted by his friends.

Answer 10.
Gandhiji believed that the 25% refund amount was insignificant for the peasants. What was more vital was that for the first time the farmers had won a court case against the British. The farmers had gained confidence and courage while the British complacency had received a rude jolt. This episode released the farmer from the shackles of fear of the British. Hitherto the farmers had lived in complete subjection to the British but with losing the court case the British had to part with their prestige and also some of their money. Gandhiji saw this as a victory of truth. Also Gandhiji’s dream that Indians should live on their land freely and fearlessly was realized for the first time. He believed that if minds were freed of fear, independence would not be far behind.
OR
Both Zitkala-sa and Bama were victims of discrimination. While the farmer suffered racist discrimination, Bama suffered the caste-based discrimination in the form of untouchability. They suffered great atrocities. The whites in the Carlisle school sought to erase her identity by teaching her western ways and manners. Her long hair was shingled. This was forbidden in her Indian culture; She was made to wear tight dresses which she found immodest. Likewise Bama learnt from her brother that she was Dalit and hence untouchable. Bama and Zitkala-sa both experienced painfully how prejudice and discrimination can deprive human beings of compassion, consideration and humanity. Malala has fought for education for girls in her own country, Afghanistan. She too must have experienced the indignities humans can commit due to lack of education.

Answer 11.
After Sadao decided to help the wounded American soldier, he experienced a conflict between his sense of patriotism and sense of professional duty. He was in a dilemma—if he abandons the American he would be doing a disservice to his profession as a surgeon; if he helped him he would be betraying his country. He resolves this dilemma by choosing humanity over considerations of race. He also has to overcome his personal hatred of Americans whom he had come to loathe during his stay in America. In the end Sadao rises above all these narrow considerations and upholds humanity and his professional duty to serve humanity.
OR
The experiences and life of Bama and Zitkala-sa exemplify that oppression and injustice doesn’t go unnoticed even by children. Zitkala-sa experienced extreme blows to her sense of identity and self-esteem. Similarly a young Bama realized that she was an untouchable. Her anger at the upper caste who subjugated them and yet used them shamelessly is brought out in Bama’s account. In the throes of mental agony it is her brother who advises her to educate herself well so as to break the shackles of untouchability. Zitkala-sa and Bama grew up to be champions of equality. By writing about their experiences of societal discrimination they took to creating an equal, discrimination free society by creating awareness among their readers.

Answer 12.
Griffin was a genius, a student of science. He dreamed of becoming invisible so as to become all powerful. His untiring experiments made him realize this evil dream. Ironically invisibility proved very inconvenient to Griffin: People knocked into him on roads, the food and drink in his digestive tract could be spotted since it was visible. Moreover he could not bear the chill of England. Now he longed to reverse the experiment. To brave the cold he put on warm clothes, bandaged his face, stuck a fake pink nose on his face in order to appear normal. Thus his unnatural ambition reduced him to a caricature of a man physically but also degraded him morally and spiritually.
OR
Before coming to Raveloe, Silas Marner lived in a town called Lantern Yard. He was a weaver and a religious man. He was friendly and popular so that people loved him. He was engaged to Sara. William Dane was his trusted friend. Silas often suffered from epileptic fits. During these fits he lost all consciousness. His friend thought that he was possessed by Satan. During one such fit, William taking advantage of his unconscious state framed him as a thief. Silas was subsequently expelled on the charge of stealing money. He was embittered and lost all faith and trust. In such a mental state he arrived at Raveloe.

Answer 13.
In his pursuit of invisibility Griffin gradually loses all traces of humanity. He became isolated and hated people. His treatment with Marvel highlights his predilection for violence and abuse. He ill treats his father too by stealing his money. His father, commits suicide. Yet Griffin does not feel any remorse. He commits a burglary in Mr. Bunting’s house. He also harasses Mrs Hall many times by his rudeness and carelessness. Later he misuses Dr. Kemp who he sees as his enemy and declares to kill him. Thus Griffin is totally blinded by his pursuit of power and becomes a maniac.
OR
Nancy is a beautiful and charming girl from a rich family of Raveloe. She is caring. Godfrey loves and later marries. She has a strict moral upbringing and regards Godfrey’s flaws of character with disapproval. Yet she can’t help being flattered by Godfrey’s attention. Nancy carries herself gracefully in a lady like manner yet she is aware about her typical rural traits: her coarse hands betray her sophisticated manners. There is no denying her that physical beauty, height and upright posture and above all her moral sense were praiseworthy. After marriage, Nancy is stopped by her moral sense to adopt a child but she makes up to Godfrey for this lack in other ways. When she learns that Eppie is Godfrey’s daughter, she is moved by love and sympathy.

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CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 1 are part of CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry. Here we have given CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 1.

CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 1

Students who are going to appear for CBSE Class 12 Examinations are advised to practice the CBSE sample papers given here which is designed as per the latest Syllabus and marking scheme as prescribed by the CBSE is given here. Paper 1 of Solved CBSE Sample Paper for Class 12 Chemistry is given below with free PDF download solutions.

Time Allowed : 3 Hours
Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions

• All questions are compulsory.
• Question number 1 to 5 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
• Question number 6 to 10 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
• Question number 11 to 22 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
• Question number 23 is a value based question and carry 4 marks.
• Question number 24 to 26 are long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
• Use log table, if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Questions 

Question 1.
Why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold water as compared to warm water?

Question 2.
Write IUPAC name of

Question 3.
Which of the following complex is more stable, write its IUPAC name:
[CO(NH₃)₆]³⁺ or [Co(CO)₆]³⁺

Question 4.
Name the method used for the refining of Zirconium metal.

Question 5.
How are deltas formed?

Question 6.
Write two differences between Covalent and Molecular solids.

Question 7.
Calculate ΔG° for the following cell at 298 K.

Question 8.
An element with density 5.6 g cm 3 exists in bcc lattice with edge length 400 pm. Calculate atomic mass of this element.

Question 9.
Draw the structure of following molecules :
(a) IF^–₄
(b) XeF₆

Question 10.
Calculate mass of glucose (molar mass 180 g/mol) to be diluted in 60 g of H₂O to lower the freezing point of its solution by 0.93 K (K_f for H₂O is 1.86 K kg mol^-1)

Question 11.
(a) Which solution is used for the leaching of gold metal in the presence of air in the metallurgy of gold?
(b) Out of C and CO, which is better reducing agent at lower temperature for extraction of iron from its oxide ore.
(c) Write the principle involved in zone refining.

Question 12.
Complete the following reactions:

1. XeF₂ + PF5 →
2. H₃PO₃ \(\underrightarrow { Heat } \)
3. ClO^–₃ + Cl \(\underrightarrow { { H }^{ + } } \)

Question 13.
(a) Chlorobenzene is less soluble in water as compared to chloroethane. Explain.
(b) Which will show faster S_N1 reaction and why?

(c) Which of the following will be optically active: 2-chlorobutane or 1-chlorobutane?

Question 14.
Explain the mechanism of the following reactions :
(a) C₂H₅OH \(\xrightarrow [ { Conc.H }_{ 2 }{ SO }_{ 4 } ]{ { 170 }^{ 0 }C } \) CH₂ = CH₂
(b) CH₃ – OH \(\xrightarrow [ { H }^{ + } ]{ 413K } \) CH₃ – O – CH₃

Question 15.
(a) Distinguish between lyophilic and lyophobic colloids.
(b) Name the absorbent used for controlling of humidity in operation theatres.

Question 16.
(a) Define the limiting molar conductivity.
(b) State Kohlrausch’s law.
(a) Define corrosion.

Question 17.

1. State Henry’s law.
2. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotropes is formed by positive deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an example.

Question 18.
How would you account for the following?

1. Transition metal exhibits variable oxidation state.
2. Zr(Z = 40) and Hf(Z = 72) have almost identical radii.
3. Transition metals and their compounds act as complexing agents.

OR
Complete the following chemical equations:

1. Cr₂O^2-₇ + Fe²⁺ + H⁺ →
2. CrO^2-₄ + H⁺ →
3. MnO^–₄ + I^– + H₂O →

Question 19.

1. What type of isomerism is exhibited by the complex [Pt(NH₃)₆] [NiCl₆]?
2. Write the formula for potassium hexacyanoferrate (II).
3. Write electronic arrangement of [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ and discuss its geometry and magnetic behaviour.

Question 20.
Give reason for the following:

1. (CH₃)₃ P = O exists but (CH₃)₃ N = O does not.
2. Phosphorus has more negative electron gain enthalpy than nitrogen.
3. H₂Se is more acidic than H₂O.

Question 21.
Give the structure of A, B and C in the following reactions:

Question 22.
Write the name and structure of the monomers of the following polymers
(a) Buna-N
(b) Nylon-2, 6
(c) PVC

Question 23.
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follows:
Shivani has recently started facing difficulty in visualising in dark. Prema, her best friend wonders why Shivani cannot see properly in the dark, on observation she found that Shivani often carries junk foods in her lunch. Prema has started sharing her lunch full of green vegetables like carrots, tomatoes, coloured fruits, milk and other dairy products. Shivani is now better and has also started taking a balanced diet.

1. Name the disease Shivani is suffering from.
2. Name the Vitamin and its source to cure this disease.
3. What values are shown by Prema?

Question 24.
Account for the following:
(a) pK_b of aniline is more than that of methylamine.
(b) Methylamine in water reacts with FeCl₃ from hydrated ferric oxide.
(c) Why do primary amines have higher boiling point than tertiary amines?
(d) Complete the following equations:
(i) C₆H₅N₂Cl + C₂H₅OH →
(ii) C₆H₅NH₂ + (CH₃CO)₂O →
OR
(a) Give one chemical test to distinguish between:
(i) Methylamine and dimethylamine
(ii) Aniline and Benzyl amine

(b) How will you convert:
(i) Ethanoic acid to Methanamine
(ii) Aniline to p-bromoaniline
(c) Arrange according to increasing basic strength C₆H₅NH₂, C₆H₅N(CH₃)₂, (C₂H₅)₂NH, CH₃NH₂

Question 25.
(a) The rate constant for a first order reaction is 60 s-1. How much time will it take to reduce the initial concentration of the reactant to its l/16th value?
(b) Differentiate between order and molecularity of reaction.
(c) Write unit of rate constant (K) for
(i) First order reaction
(ii) 2nd order reaction
OR

1. The rate of a reaction quadruples when the temperature changes from 290 K to 310 K, calculate the activation energy for this reaction.
2. A reaction is first order wrt. P and wrt. 2nd order wrt. Q, write the differential rate equation for it.
3. Write factors (any two) that affects the rate of a chemical reaction.
4. Define specific rate constant.

Question 26.

1. Phenol is more acidic than cyclohexanol. How?
2. Which is steam volatile, 2-nitrophenol or 4-nitrophenol and why?
3. Explain following name reactions with a suitable chemical reaction.
   1. Sandmeyer’s reaction
   2. Cannizaro’s reaction

OR
(a) Write the reaction of glucose with HI.
(b) Name the force responsible for stabilisation of secondary structure of protein.
(c) Arrange according to the given instructions in increasing order:
(i) Phenol, Methoxyphenol, 2,4-Dinitrophenol (acidic strength)

Answers

Answer 1.
In cold water the concentration of dissolved oxygen gas is more and hence respiration for aquatic species will be easier so it will be comfortable as compared to warm water.

Answer 2.
2-methyl pent-4-enal

Answer 3.
[Co(CO)₆]³⁺ complex is more stable. It is due to synergic bonding between metal and carbonyl group.
IUPAC name → Hexacarbonyl cobalt (III) ion.

Answer 4.
van Arkel method

Answer 5.
Coagulation of silt present in river water due to electrolytes present in sea water leads to formation of delta.

Answer 6.

Answer 7.

= 0.34 – (- 2.37) = 2.71 V
Here change in number of electrons (n) = 2
ΔG° = – nFE_cell° = – 2 × 96500 × 2.71 = – 523.03 kJ/mole

Answer 8.
Since d = \(\frac { ZM }{ { a }^{ 3 }{ N }_{ A } } \)
From question → bcc arrangement i.e. Z = 2
a = 400 pm = 400 × 10^-10 cm = 4 × 10^-8 cm
d = 5.6 g/cm³

Answer 9.

Answer 10.

i.e. 54 g glucose needs to be added.

Answer 11.

1. Aqueous solution of NaCN or KCN is used for leaching.
2. CO at lower temperature is a better reducing agent than C for the extraction of iron from its oxide ore.
3. Impurities are more soluble in molten metal as compared to its solid state.

Answer 12.

1. XeF₂ + PF₅ → [XeF]⁺ [PF₆]^–
2. H₃PO₃ \(\underrightarrow { Heat } \) PH₃ + H₃PO₄
3. ClO^–₃ + Cl^– \(\underrightarrow { { H }^{ + } } \) Cl₂ + H₂O

Answer 13.
(a) Phenyl group is more hydrophobic as compared to smaller ethyl group, hence chloroethane is more soluble than chlorobenzene.

Due to more stable carbocation formation which is there because of more number of resonance structures.
(c) 2-chlorobutane.

Answer 14.
(a) H₂SO₄ + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + HSO^–₄

Answer 15.
(a)

(b) Silica gel

Answer 16.

1. Limiting molar conductivity : The value of molar conductivity when the concentration of electrolytes approaches zero is known as limiting molar conductivity or molar conductivity at infinite dilution. It is the maximum possible molar conductivity for any electrolyte. Represented by Δ°_m.
2. Kohlrausch’s law : It states that the limiting molar conductivity of on electrolyte is the sum of the individual contribution of the anion and cation of the electrolyte, e.g.
   Δ°_m(CH₃COOH) = λ°_CH3COO^– + λ^°_H+
3. Corrosion : The tarnishing of upper layer of any active metal due to environmental factors such as water vapours, CO₂, O₂, etc. in known as corrosion.
   For example-rusting of iron, blackening of silver, deposition of greenish layer on copper etc.

Answer 17.

(a) Henry’s law : It states that the partial pressure (p) of a gas in vapour phase is proportional to the mol fraction of the gas (x) in the solution. It is expressed as
p = k_Hx
where kH is known as Henry’s law constant and x is mol fraction.

(b) Azeotropes : It is a binary mixture, having same composition in liquid state as well as in vapour phase and boils at constant temperature like a pure liquid. If there is positive deviation, then minimum boiling azeotrope will form. In case of negative deviations, maximum boiling azeotrope will form.
Examples 95.5% Ethanol and 4.5% H₂O by volume.

Answer 18.

1. Transition metals exhibits variable oxidation state due to comparable energies of (n – 1)d and ns orbitals, so electrons from both can form bond.
2. Due to lanthanoid contraction.
3. Transition metals acts as complexing agent due to vacant d-orbitals and high charge density on metal ion.

OR

1. Cr₂O^2-₇ + 6Fe²⁺ + 14H⁺ → 2Cr³⁺ + 6Fe³⁺ + 7H₂O
2. CrO^2-₄ + H⁺ → Cr₂O^2-₇
3. 2MnO^–₄ + 10 I^– + 8H₂O → 2Mn²⁺ + 5I₂ + 16 OH^–

Answer 19.

1. Co-ordination isomerism is exhibited by the complex [Pt(NH₃)₆] [NiCl₆]
2. K₄[Fe(CN)₆]
3. Electronic arrangement for [Co(NH₃)₆]³⁺ according to VBT.
   Co → 3d⁷4s²
   Co³⁺ → 3d⁶4s⁰
   

Answer 20.

1. Due to lack of d-orbital in N, dπ-pπ bonding in not possible, hence formation of (CH₃)₃ N = O is not possible.
2. Due to small size and high electron density in valence shell of N, its electron gain enthalpy is less than phosphorous.
3. Due to longer H-Se bond than H-O bond H₂Se is more acidic.

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

Answer 23.

1. Night blindness
2. Vitamin-A, Source – Carrot, cod liver oil, butter, milk etc.
3. Care for friend, knowledge of science, sincerity in her effort.

Answer 24.
(a) Aniline is a weaker base than methylamine due to positive charge on nitrogen, which is there because of resonance. Hence its pK_b value is more than methylamine.
(b) Methyl amine gives OH- ions in water, hence FeCl₃ get hydrolysed to give hydrated ferric oxide.

(c) There is intermolecular hydrogen bonding in primary amines, which is not possible in tertiary amines. Hence primary amines have higher boiling point.

OR
(a) (i) 

(ii)

(b) (i) Ethanoic acid to methanamine

(ii) Aniline to p-bromo aniline

(c) C₆H₅NH₂ < C₆H₅N(CH₃)₂ < CH₃NH₂ < (C₂H₅)₂NH

Answer 25.

(b) Difference between order and molecularity:

(c) (i) Second^-1
(ii) mol^-1 L s^-1
OR

1. from Arrhenius equation
   
2. rate = K[P]¹ [Q]²
3. Concentration, pressure, temperature, catalyst
4. It is the rate of reaction when concentration of all the reactants is unity.

Answer 26.

1. Since phenoxide ion is resonance stablised, hence phenol is more acidic than cyclohexanol.
2. 2-nitrophenol is steam volatile due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding whereas 4-nitrophenol undergoes intermolecular hydrogen bonding and thus connected to each other to become less volatile.
3. 1. Sandmeyer’s reaction
      
   2. Cannizaro’s reaction
      HCHO \(\underrightarrow { NaOH(Conc.) } \) CH₃OH + HCOONa

OR

(b) Intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding, coloumbic interactions, disulphide
linkage etc.
(c) (i) Methoxy phenol < phenol < 2,4-dinitrophenol

We hope the CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 1 help you. If you have any query regarding CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Chemistry Paper 1, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 4 Mile Sur Mera Tumhara are part of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 4 Mile Sur Mera Tumhara.

CBSE Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 National Integration Chapter 4 Mile Sur Mera Tumhara

TEXTUAL EXERCISES

Question 1.
Jog your memory for interesting and memorable slogans you may have come across :
Answer:

Question 2.
Look at the pictures given below, frame short, interesting and creative slogans :

Answer:

(a) ‘When You Educate A Girl Child, You Educate A Nation’.
(b) ‘Follow Traffic Rules, Save Your Future’.
(c) ‘AIDS, Ending The Silence : Listen, Learn, Live’.
(d) ‘From Kashmir To Kanyakumari, We Are One’.

Question 3.
Work with your partner and write six prominent features of Indian identity.

Answer:

MILE SUR MERA TUMHARA

Question 4.
‘Ek sur’ (meaning One Tune) or ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’ as it is better known, is an Indian song and accompanying video feature promoting national integration and unity in diversity.
Answer:
No questions asked

SUMMARY

Making of ‘Ek Sur’ or ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’

‘Ek Sur’ or ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’ is an Indian song with Video. Its main aim was to promote national integration and oneness of India. The concept of this song was developed by Lok Seva Sanchar Parishad in 1988. It was promoted by Doordarshan and India’s Ministry of Information. Ashok Patki composed this song. It was co-composed and arranged by Louis Banks and written by Piyush Pandey. It was a project conceived and directed by Suresh Mullick. A group of people including musicians, sportsmen, film stars etc, participated in the recording of this song.

Aim of ‘Mile Sur’ Mera Tumhara

This national integration video aimed at creating a feeling of pride and promoting unity among Indians and highlighting the different communities and societies of India. You can call it ‘India’s Unity In Diversity’.

First Telecast

‘Mile Sur’ was telecast for the first time on 15th August 1988, after the telecast of the Prime Minister’s speech from the ramparts of the Red Fort. This song enchanted the people of India. It achieved and maintained near anthem status. The words of this song are unique. Only one phrase ie, ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara, to sur Bane Hamara’ meaning ‘When my musical note and your musical note mingle, it becomes our musical note’-has been repeated in fourteen Indian Languages. It ends by fading into the final musical notes of the Indian National Anthem—‘Jana Gana Mana’.

Languages in ‘Mile Sur …’

Fourteen Indian languages used in this song are : Hindi, Kashmiri, Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Bangla, Assamese, Oriya, Gujarati and Marathi.

Phir Mile Sur Mera Tumhara-Second Version :

After twenty years of the original first public appearance, the song was re-recorded with an updated cast for telecast on the Republic Day ie, 26 January, 2010 by Zoom TV. Title of this new version is ‘Phir Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’.

Many Indian musicians, singers, sports- persons and film personalities of the present generation have participated in the new version. It runs for 16 minutes 17 seconds longer than old version which was of 6 min 9 sec.

It has been directed by Kailash Surendra- nath who had produced the original version of ‘Mile Sur Mera Tumhara’. Its music composer is Louis Banks. He had also re-composed the original song.

Meaning of the Song

The meaning of the song is : ‘When my musical note and your musical note merge, it becomes our musical note. The brooks of music notes are flowing from every direction. They will merge into the sea finally. Then, they will pour down in the form of rain clouds’.

Question 5.
Arrange a video viewing of both the versions of ‘Mile Sur\ Later you may produce your own version of the song for presentation in the morning assembly.
Answer:
Students’ activity.

We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 4 Mile Sur Mera Tumhara help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 10 English Main Course Book Unit 6 Chapter 4 Mile Sur Mera Tumhara, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.